Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1486 ..r the general public by regulatory action, is staggering. REVERSED AND REMANDED. DOWNEY, C.J.,.and BERANEK, J., concur. 1. rSodlin v. City of Miami Beach,`201 So .2d 70 (Fla. 1967) . 2. "After reviewing the characterizations utilized by a number of courts ,in attempting to ferret out those acts or functions which remain immune from tort liability, the court - proposed the following preliminary test: Whatever the suitable characterization or label might be, it would appear that any determination of a line of demarcation between truly discretionary and other executive and administrative processes, so far as susceptibility to potential sovereign tort liability be concerned, would necessitate a posing of at least the following four preliminary questions: (1) Does the challenged act, omission, or decision necessarily involve a basic governmental policy, program, or objective? (2) Is the questioned act, omission, or decision essential to the realization or accomplishment of that policy, program, or objective as opposed to one which would not change the course or direction of the policy, program, or objective? (3) Does the act, omission, or decision require the exercise of basic policy evaluation, judgment, and expertise on the part of the governmental agency involved? (4) Does the governmental agency involved possess the requisite constitutional, statutory, or lawful authority and duty to do or make the challenged act, omission, or decision? If these preliminary questions can be clearly and unecruivocally answered in the affirmative, then the challenged act,. omission, or decision can, with a reasonable } degree of assurance, be classified as a discretionary govern- mental process and nontortious, regardless of i.ts unwisdom. If, however, one or more of the questions call for or suggest a negative answer, then further inquiry may well become necessary, depending upon the facts and circumstances involved." Commercial Carrier at 1019. i ` . In order to identify those functions, we adopt the analysis of Johnson v. State, supra, which distinguishes between the 'planning' and 'operational' levels of decision-making by gov= ernmental agencies. In pursuance of .this case-by-case method of proceeding, we comal?end utilization of the preliminary test iterated in Evangelical United Brethren Church v. State, supra, as a usef ul tool for analysis." Commercial Carrier at 1022. r 1919 ~0'i 16 A~1 i l ~ 2 6 FlLEO FRC F~C;:i:Ci J SLLUCIE CGL`"iTY.FtA. ROGER POITRAS CLERK CIRC•J1 i CCCI~ ~ ' ~ s i i r saoK 3~0 P~ 1484 -3-