HomeMy WebLinkAboutProduct Approval ProductReport Manufacturer: Extreme Metal Fabricators, LLC.
2160 SW Poma Drive
Palm City, FL 34990
7Z)B727004-
Florida Product Approval # 17022.5 .1"
•
I
Compliant with Florida Building Code 2017 (6t1 ed.)
3 Compliant with Florida Product Approval Rule#61G20-3
Compliant: Keystone Certifications
{
i
Product: l" Nailstrip 26GA Steel Roof Panel FBC Sec. 1507.4.2
i, Yield strength: 50 ksi min.;Attached to min. 15/32" plywood or
Wood Deck w/0.42 specific gravity with 16" Coverage (Max.)
Rib Height 1"
Corrosion Resistant Compliant: FBC Sec. 1507.4.3
Fastener 1: #10 x 1" (min.) Pancake Head Wood Screw to penetrate 3/16" (min.)thru
bottom of support.
Adhesive/Sealant : Bostik 9151 Chem-Chalk one component, polyurethane adhesive with
3/16" continuous bead application along base of male rib vertical flange at each panel
seam.
Underlayment: To be compliant with FBC Sec 1507.1.1
Slope: Shall be in compliance with FBC Sec. 1507.
Install Details: Table AAllowable Loads METHOD 1, METHOD 2
DESIGN PRESSURE* -86 PSF Main field -97.25 PSF Perimeter
FASTENER SPACING 6"O.C. 6"O.C.
SEAM ADHESIVE Not required 3/16"continuous bead
(see details
Reference Data: ARCHITECTURAL TESTING, INC.TST ID#: 1527
UL 580-06&UL 1897-04 TEST REPORT D8133.01-450-18 06/30/15 Specimen#1
F
EQUIVALENCY:UL1897-04 is equivalent to Test Standard U11897.12. *Design Pressure mar in of safety-2;1
Certificate of Independence:
Locke Bowden,P.E.does not have,not will acquire a financial i9jvm 1t Rhagy company manufacturing or distributing products
under this evaluation. ���`,�L D B0 yVe�
Locke Bowden,P.E.is not owned,operated,or controllee`eA'�yjp�mcturet,or distributing products under this
report. :� ° • '�
REVIEWED FOR
l 7
CODE COM . seal
STe CIE COUNTY � \I STATE OF HLE
CO' .
®CC °r cOR►ot-d•
ao0 2 -0a4-
v ,
Limitations:
1.Underlayment to be compliance with current Florida Building Code(FBC)2017 6"'ed..
2.Minimum slope to be compliant with Florida Building Code 2017 61'ed.,and per with Manufacturer's installation reference.
3.Products are compliant for State of Florida product approval per Rule 61 G20-3.Compliance Method: 1-D
4.Engineering analysis for"project specific approval by local authorities wlurisdiction is allowed by other registered engineers.
5.Fire classification is not part of this acceptance.Shear diaphragm values are outside this report
6.Support framing in compliance w/FBC 2017 61'ed.,Chapter 22 for Steel,Chapter 23 for Wood and Chapter 16 for Structural
Loading.
7.This report does not imply warranty,installation,recommended product use outside of this report
FL 17022.5 1.0 Nail Strip(26GA Steel), 16"Wide Roof Panel-Details
16"
f — 8
lot
�— 3/4!1
Panel Profile
16'O.C.
�,vi
Deck:
-15/32"or greater Plywood,or
-Wood plank
Integral Snap Lock
For METHOD 2:
Apply 3116"Bead Bostik 915-Sealant
Continuous Along Male Rib Vertical Flange
Fastener
#10 x 1"Min. per Table"A"
Pancake Head Wood Screw
(Typical Fastening Pattern Across Width)
FL 17022.5 1.0 Nail Strip(26GA Steel),16"Wide Roof Panel-Details
Fastener
#10 x 1"Min. per Table"A"
Pancake Head Wood Screw
1"Nail Strip Roof Panel
f
f� \
Z��Q
Seam Adhesive Application:
Deck: For Method 2
-15/32"or greater Plywood,or Apply 3116"Bead Bostik 915-Sealant
-Wood plank Continuous Along Male Rib Vertical Flange
(Refer to Table"A)
Isometric View
t
EXTERIOR RESEARCH&DESIGN,I.I.C.
k, f, Certificate of Authorization#9503
UNIT#13
TRINITY{ER® OXFORD,353 CHRISTIA �CT 6478
(203)262-9245
EVALUATION REPORT
SDP Advanced Polymer Products,Inc. Evaluation Report S19010.07.09-113
410-130 Bridgeland Avenue FL5325-117
Toronto,Ontario M6A 1Z4 Canada Date of Issuance:07/03/2009
(866)747-4035 Revision 3:10/12/2017
SCOPE:
This Evaluation Report is issued under Rule 61G20-3 and the applicable rules and regulations governing the use of
construction materials in the State of Florida.The documentation submitted has been reviewed by Robert Nieminen,
P.E. for use of the product under the Florida Building Code and Florida Building Code, Residential Volume. The
products described herein have been evaluated for compliance with the 6th Edition (2017) Florida Building Code
sections noted herein.
DESCRIPTION: PALISADE''Roof Underlayments
LABELING: Labeling shall be in accordance with the requirements the Accredited Quality Assurance Agency noted
herein.
CONTINUED COMPLIANCE: This Evaluation Report is valid until such time as the named product(s)changes,the referenced
Quality Assurance documentation changes,or provisions of the Code that relate to the product change. Acceptance of
this Evaluation Report by the named client constitutes agreement to notify Robert Nieminen, P.E. if the product
changes or the referenced Quality Assurance documentation changes. Trinity)ERD requires a complete review of this
Evaluation Report relative to updated Code requirements with each Code Cycle.
ADVERTISEMENT:The Evaluation Report number preceded by the words "Trinity)ERD Evaluated" may be displayed in
advertising literature. If any portion of the Evaluation Report is displayed,then it shall be done in its entirety.
INSPECTION: Upon request, a copy of this entire Evaluation Report shall be provided to the user by the manufacturer or
its distributors and shall be available for inspection at the job site at the request of the Building Official.
This Evaluation Report consists of pages 1 through 5.
Prepared by:
�lS�'aticfrrny���
Si
Robert J.M.Nieminen,P.E. The facsimile seal appearing was authorized b Robert
PP g Y
Florida Registration No.59166,Florida DCA ANE1983 Nieminen,P.E.on 10/12/2017.This does not serve as an
electronically signed document.
CERTIFICATION OF INDEPENDENCE:
1. Trinity IERD does not have, nor does it intend to acquire or will it acquire, a financial interest in any company manufacturing or
distributing products it evaluates.
2. Trinity I ERD is not owned,operated or controlled by any company manufacturing or distributing products it evaluates.
3. Robert Nieminen,P.E.does not have nor will acquire,a financial interest in any company manufacturing or distributing products for
which the evaluation reports are being issued.
4. Robert Nieminen,P.E.does not have,nor will acquire,a financial interest in any other entity involved in the approval process of the
5. Thi s s a building code evaluation. Neither Trinity)ERD nor Robert Nieminen, P.E. are, in anyli 411 e�slr 9df Record for any
project on which this Evaluation Report,or previous versions thereof,is/wa Cpreiero or design guidance unless retained
specifically for that purpose.
REVIEWED FOR
CODE COMPLIANCE
ST. LUCIE��aCOUNTY
BOCC
QTRINITYIERD
I
ROOFING COMPONENT EVALUATION:
1. SCOPE:
Product Category: Roofing
Sub-Category: Underlayment
Compliance Statement: PALISADE""Roof Underlayments, as produced by SDP Advanced Polymer Products, Inc.,
have demonstrated compliance with the intent of the following sections of the lith Edition (2017) Florida Building
Code through testing in accordance with the applicable sections of the following Standards. Compliance is subject to
the Installation Requirements and Limitations/Conditions of Use set forth herein.
2. STANDARDS:
Section Property Standard Year
1507.1.1,T1507.1.1,1518.4 Unrolling,Breaking Strength,Pliability ASTM D226 2009
1507.1.1(Exception) Tear Strength ASTM D1970 2015
1507.1.1,T1507.1.1, Physical properties ASTM D1970 2015
1507.2.9.2,TAS 110
1518.4 Unrolling,Pliability,Behavior on ASTM D2626 2004
Heating,Breaking Strength,Water
Vapor Permeance
1523.6.5.2.9,TAS 110 Comparative Rupture TAS 117,Appendix B 1995
TAS 110 Accelerated Weathering ASTM D4798-11 2000
3. REFERENCES:
kniiN Examination Reference Date
ERD(TST6049) Physical Properties 54240.10.06 10/03/2006
ERD(TST6049) Physical Properties&Rupture SO404C.12.05-R2 02/23/2009
ERD(TST6049) Accelerated Weathering 537000.06.11 06/14/2011
ERD(TST6049) Tear strength SDP-SC16495.17 10/11/2017
ICC-ES(EVL2396) IBC/IRC Compliance ESR-1847 03/01/2017
Miami-Dade(CER1592) HVHZ Compliance 16-1025.02 11/10/2016
QAI(QUA7628) Quality Control Service confirmation 09/28/2017
4. PRODU SCR N:
4.1 �=Mechanical astened Underlayments:
4.1.1 a synthetic roofing underlayment comprised of a polyolefin-coated,woven construction with
dual skid resistant surfaces; meets FBC 1507.1.1 (Exception) and Miami-Dade requirements for synthetic
roof underlayment.PALISADETM is acceptable for use in non-HVHZ and HVHZ jurisdictions. Refer to Limits of
Use herein.
4.2 Self-Adherina Underlayments:
4.2.1 PALISADE'"" SA-HT is a self-adhering roofing underlayment comprised of a polyolefin-coated, woven
construction with skid resistant upper surface and self-adhering bottom surface. PALISADE"SA-HT is not
for use in FBC HVHZ iurisdictions. Refer to Limits of Use herein. Meets physical requirements of ASTM
D1970(See Section 5.2.6).
S. LIMITATIONS:
5.1 This is a building code evaluation. Neither TrinityJERD nor Robert Nieminen, P.E. are, in any way, the
Designer of Record for any project on which this Evaluation Report, or previous versions thereof, is/was
used for permitting or design guidance unless retained specifically for that purpose
5.2 Non-HVHZ Jurisdictions:
5.2.1 Fire Classification is not part of this report; refer to current Approved Roofing Materials Directory for fire
ratings of this product.
Exterior Research and Design,U.C. Evaluation Report S19010.07.09•R3
Certificate of Authorization#9Sa3 67H EDITION(2017)FBC NON-HVHZ&HVHZ EVALUATION FL5325-R7
PALISADE—Roof Underlayments;(866)747-4035 Revision 3:10/12/2017
Page 2 of 5
t ,
QQ `TRINITY!ERD
5.2.2 PALISADE"* Roof Underlayments may be used with any prepared roof cover where the product is
specifically referenced within FBC approval documents. If not listed, a request may be made to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval based on this evaluation combined with supporting data for the
prepared roof covering.
5.2.3 Allowable Roof Covers:
:..Table:1: Roof Cover Options ,.
Underlayment Asphalt Nail-On Tile Foam-On Metal Wood Shakes Slate
Shingles Tile &Shingles
-
PALISADETM Yes ' '(ga�sneetinz` No.', = Yes; Yes Yes
.. - PIYSY).
PALISADE"'SA-HT Yes No :_ Nes YesN Yes >;
5.2.4 Allowable Substrates:
PALISADE"°SA-HT adhered to plywood or to mechanically attached PALISADE"*.
5.2.5 Exposure Limitations:
PALISADE'°"shall not be left exposed for longer than 180-days after installation.
PALISADE"*SA-HT shall not be left exposed for longer than 30-days after installation
5.2.6 Agreement between purchaser and seller,as set forth in Section 4.3, Note 1 of ASTM D1970-15, should be
established as to slip resistance of PALISADEm SA-HT.
5.3 HVHZ Jurisdictions:
5.3.1 PALISADE"*SA-HT is not for use in HVHZ.
5.3.2 Fire Classification is not part of this Laboratory Report; refer to current Approved Roofing Materials
Directory for fire ratings of this product.
5.3.3 This Evaluation is for prepared roofing applications. Minimum deck requirements shall be compliant with
applicable FBC sections.
5.3.4 PALISADE"*shall not be applied in hot asphalt.
5.3.5 PALISADE"* shall be installed in strict compliance with the requirements for ASTM D226,Type II or ASTM
D2626 underlayment in FBC HVHZ 1518 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed.
5.3.6 PALISADE"" may be used with asphalt shingles,tile roofs (Base Sheet in 2-ply system only), non-structural
metal roofing/metal shingles,quarry slate,slate-type shingles and wood shakes&shingles.
For tile roof applications, PALISADE"*shall be mechanically attached as an anchor sheet in accordance with
Section 6.4 herein,followed by Tamko TW Metal and Tile Underlayment(NOA 17-0530.12)or CertainTeed
Flintlastic SA Cap(NOA 14-1028.02).
5.3.7 If PALISADE'" is not specifically listed in the prepared roof covering FBC HVHZ Product Approval or NOA,
this report may be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction or Miami-Dade Product Control Dept.,
along with fire classification information,for their consideration.
5.3.8 PALISADE"*underlayment shall not be left exposed for longer than 180-days after installation.
5.4 All products listed herein shall have quality assurance audit in accordance with F.A.C. Rule 61G20-3
P q tY
requirements.
Exterior Research and Design,I.I.C. Evaluation Report S19010.07,09-113
CerbPeateofAuthorizatfon#9503 6T"EDITION(2017)FBC NON-HVHZ&HVHZ EVALUATION FL5325-R7
PALISADE"*Roof Underlayments,(866)747-4035 Revision 3:10/12/2017
Page 3 of S
l-RINITY}E R D
6. INSTALLATION:
6.1 PALISADE"'' Roof Underlayments shall be installed in accordance with SDP Advanced Polymer Products,
Inc. published installation requirements subject to the Limitations set forth in Section 5 herein and the
specifics noted below.
6.2 Re-fasten any loose decking panels, and check for protruding nail heads. Sweep the substrate thoroughly
to remove any dust and debris prior to application,and prime the substrate with Elastocol Stick.
6.3 Non-HVHZ Jurisdictions
.6.3.1 " ;PALISADE"':. J _. .
6.3.1.1 Shall be installed in compliance with the requirements for ASTM D226,Type I or 11 underlayment in FBC
Table 1507.1.1 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed,taking into account the wider sheet-
width for double-layer applications.
6.3.1.2 Non-Tile Applications:
PALISADE' is installed horizontally with the printed side up, and with 3-inch horizontal laps and 6-inch
vertical laps. Overlaps must run with the flow of the water in a shingle pattern.The underlayment is only
attached to the roof deck with roofing nails(smooth or ring-shanked)compliant with FBC 1507.2.6 having
1-inch minimum diameter plastic or steel caps. Cap nails are spaced at 6 inches on center at vertical laps,
and at 11 inches on center at horizontal laps. In the field area, apply fasteners at 13 inches spaced
vertically and 22 inches on center horizontally. All caps (including nails) must be fully flush with the
underlayment surface. Do not install fasteners over unsupported areas/voids. Repair all tears, holes, or
damage to the underlayment. For slopes less than 4:12, use a full 20"half lap over the underlying course.
Apply underlayment up all abutments at least 6 inches.
In non-HVHZ high wind regions where V,It > 181 mph (Va,d > 140 mph) or exposure beyond 30 days,
increase the fastener density to cap nails spaced 3 inches on center at vertical laps, and at 5.5 inches on
center at horizontal laps. In the field area,apply fasteners at 6.5 inches spaced vertically and 11 inches on
center horizontally.In addition,secure laps by folding all laps over before nailing,or taping securely across
lap seams using exterior grade sheathing tape, or sealants such as roofing cement(asbestos free meeting
ASTMD4586),EPDM or butyl to seal laps.
6.3.1.3 Nail-On Tile Applications,Base Sheet in 2 Ply System:
Reference is made to FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12) Installation Manual and Table 1 herein using
PALISADE'as the mechanically attached base ply in a 2 ply underlayment system,followed by Tamko TW
Metal and Tile Underlayment(FL12328)or CertainTeed Flintlastic SA Cap(FL11288)as the top layer.
For mechanically fastened tele roofing, refer to SDP Advanced Polymer Products published installation
instructions,but not less than the fastener density from FRSA/TRI April 2012(04-12),Table 1.
6.3.2 PALISADE SA=HTI:
6.3.2.1 Shall be installed in compliance with the codified requirements for ASTM D1970 underlayment in FBC
Table 1507.1.1 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed.
SDP Advanced Polymer Products requires that the installer be responsible to determine whether priming
is required to ensure PALISADETM'SA-HT will stay adhered to the substrate.
6.3.2.2 Non-Tile Applications:
PALISADE SA-HT1 is installed horizontally with the printed side up,and with 3-inch horizontal laps and 6-
inch vertical laps.Starting at the low point,and with salvage edge at the high point,position horizontally a
full roll or cut the membrane into 10-15 ft. (3-5m) lengths and re—roll loosely. Peel back 1-2 ft. (300-
600mm) of release film, align the membrane, and continue to peel the release film from the membrane.
Press the membrane in place with heavy hand pressure.Apply uniform pressure to the membrane roll side
and end laps to insure water tightness and bonding to the substrate.
Exterior Research and Design,LLC. Evaluation Report 519010.07.09-R3
CerditcateofAuthorization#9503 6'EDITION(2017)FBC NON-HVHZ&HVHZ EVALUATION FL5325-R7
PALISADE-Roof Underlayments,(866)747-4035 Revision 3:10/12/2017
Page 4 of 5
e
r TRINITY I ERD
Always work from the low to the high point of the roof. Follow good roofing practice by orientating
PALISADE-SA-Hrm so side laps shed water. Apply the membrane in valleys before the membrane is
applied to the eaves. For valley and ridge application, peel the release film; center the sheet over the
valley or ridge, drape, and press into in place. Work the center of the valley or ridge outward in each
direction.Following placement along the eaves,continue application of the membrane up slope.if nailing
of the membrane is necessary on steep slopes, especially during hot or cold weather, back nail and cover
the nails by overlapping with the next sheet.
1-6.4. -HVHZ Jurisdictions:
6.4.1 System E(1): Underlayment mechanically fastened to deck
Deck Type 1: Wood,Non-Insulated
Deck Description: Min.19/32"plywood or wood plank
Underlayment: One or more plies of PALISADE'with minimum 4"wide head laps and minimum 6"
wide end laps,mechanically fastened to deck.
Fastening: FBC HVHZ Approved (FBC HVHZ 1517.5) nails and tin caps 6" o.c. at lap and three
equally spaced staggered rows 12"o.c.in the field.
Surfacing: FBC HVHZ Approved asphalt shingle, non-structural metal, wood shakes &shingles
or slate.
6.4.2 System E(2): Base underlavment mechanically fastened to deck,ton laver adhered
Deck Type 1: Wood,Non-Insulated
Deck Description: Min.19/32"plywood or wood plank
Base Layer: One or more plies of PALISADE'with minimum 4"wide head laps and minimum 6"
wide end laps,mechanically fastened to deck.
Fastening: FBC HVHZ Approved (FBC HVHZ 1517.5) nails and tin caps 6" o.c. at lap and three
equally spaced staggered rows 12"o.c.in the field.
Top Layer: Tamko TW Metal and Tile Underlayment (NOA 17-0530.12) or CertainTeed
Flintlastic SA Cap(NOA 14-1028.02),self-adhered to the base layer. See current FBC
HVHZ approval for installation guidelines and limits of use of top layer.
Surfacing: FBC HVHZ Approved asphalt shingle, non-structural metal, wood shakes&shingles,
slate or tile.
Note: For tile applications, Authority Having Jurisdiction shall verify that top layer
underlayments listed herein hold current FBC HVHZ Product Approval and/or Miami-
Dade NOA for use as a tile underlavment.
7. BUILDING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
As required by the Building Official or Authority Having Jurisdiction in order to properly evaluate the installation of
this product.
8. MANUFACTURING PLANTS:
Shandong,China
9. QUALITY ASSURANCE ENTITY:
QAI Laboratories—QUA7628;(604)527-8378;mlansdowne@qai.org
-END OF EVALUATION REPORT-
Exterior Research and Design,U.C. Evaluation Report 519010.07.09-R3
Certificate ojAuthorization#95m 6T"EDITION(2017)FBC NON-HVHZ&HVHZ EVALUATION 171.5325-117
PALISADE-Roof Underlayments;(866)747-4035 Revision 3:10/12/2017
Page 5 of 5
I
TM
LY]
ALI A E
TM SYNTHETIC UNDERLAYMENT
S,R,tj LE •. METAL • F'1'ILE SL�4�TE Sj1-1AKEy •_ :SYNTI-IETIC
STANDARD ISADE TM
Tensi e'Strength ASTM D226 lbs 150 30
Tear_Strength ASTM D4533 lbs 50 1.5 -
Puncture Strength ASTM D751 psi 300 50
Cap Nail Pull_Strehgth TAS.117Blbs . 230 . 40
UV Rating ASTM G90 % >90 <50
`Water Transmission ASTM D4869 Pass/Fail Pass Pass
Surface Temperature SDP OF +10 +50
Water Absorption ASTM D1970 % , 0.1 35
Oils Leaching SDP Pass/Fail N/A Fail
Moisture,Buckling SDP.. inch N%A 0:50
Permeability ASTM E96-A Perms 0.10 8
Temperature Rating SDP :.°F - 70 to 30032 to 150
Class A' ASTM E108/UL 790 Pass/Fail Pass -
ASTM D5147 mils
--Thickness. 25 60
Weight Per Square ASTM D5261 lbs 4.0 28
1.Tile,Metal,Shingle,Slate,non-FR Shake
PALISADETM meets or exceeds IBCARC 2003,ICC AC-1 BB,ASTM 0226 Type 1&II requirements.Values,weights and measures are typical data and not limiting specifications.All values+/-10°x6
COVERAGELENGTH WIDTH WEIGHT
290 ft./88.4 m 1 41.5 in./105 cm 1 37 lbs./17 kgs 1000 ft2/92.9 m2 30 Rolls 1 1100 lbs. 500kgs
HIMM
r OFF-r, G' ";iQ A��FFLORIDA
A
S®TRGNGHOLG -� ,i YE'Q
2074 Intertek
six \
I�llf ,m V TM
rm
ESR-1847 FL-5325(HVH7) ASTM E108ML790
SDP Inc.
011SDP 410-130 Bridgeland Ave.,
Toronto, Ontario, Toll Free : 866-747-4035
®� 'ADVAN'CED POLYMER PRODUCTS Canada _M6A 1 Z4 Fax 866-840-3857
info@sdp-products.com o sdp-products.com
a •e•
117
• o r • • o 0 0 • o o • o o • o • o s o o • o o e o o p o 0 0 0 • .I • p ,
r • • • • • • • • • • • •' • • • • • • •' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • ♦ • e • • e e e e e o e e o e O • • 0 0 o e • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o e
O • O O O O e O O 'O O O O O O e • • • •' • • O O o . O e • • O • • • ! t ( f
• o o O o 0 0 0 0 o O. O O O O • O P a 0 • O o 0a • 0 0 o e o o O c ( t r
� • • • • • • • • • •' • • • • • • '• --• •ice',•+•;_•• • •_ • • • • • • • • • • r r r r.
r as t • �/ A O O •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •' • • • • • • • _t • • •'
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O • • O • • • • + r •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • • • • • f , - _
• • • r, O � � .fir G t • • •► • • .� • • • a • ��
• • • • f _ • • r �, i r•_ • - • o • • • • • • • • • • • r • a r
• e • • • • • • • r • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • r • • • • • e •
• • • • • • • • • • • _ • • • • o • • • • • • e • • • • • • • e • ' •
• • • . • • • o • • e • r • • • • • • • • • • • -♦ • • • • • • • I
• • O •
• • • • • • • • ♦ • e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • r • •
a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • i . • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • 1 • • •
• ♦ a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e e • • . o e • o o r
• • O O • • O • • • • • • • • e • • • O • • • • • • • • O D O • O O • O
o e • • • • • • e • e. • • • r • • • o
• •. • • • • • • r • • • O t O s e e e o • •r e e • o • e • • O • •
A