HomeMy WebLinkAboutLetter of TransmittalRICHARD K. DAVIS
CONSTRUCTION CORP.
POST OFFICE BOX 186 — PHONE: 461-8335
FORT PIERCE, FLORIDA 34954
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LETTEa of "TRUSM URL
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JOB NO.
ATTENTION
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GENTLEMEN:
WE ARE SENDING YOU ❑ Attached ❑ Under separate cover via
❑ Shop drawings ❑ Prints ❑ Plans ❑ Samples
❑ Copy of letter ❑ Change order ❑
the following items:
❑ Specifications
COPIES
DATE
NO.
DESCRIPTION
d�✓ 98
l��i��ED Z5WY4:ZrG LGUIIIT/O l -.S/ �I/ �EAGE'
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED as checked below:
xFor approval ❑ Approved as submitted ❑ Resubmit copies for approval
❑ For your use ❑ Approved as noted ❑ Submit copies for distribution
❑ As requested ❑ Returned for corrections ❑ Return corrected prints
❑ For review and comment ❑
❑ FOR BIDS DUE
REMARKS
19 ❑ PRINTS RETURNED AFTER LOAN TO US
COPY
SIGNED:
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1Utcheon Engineers
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Sheet No. 3 of 3
Job No.
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DIVISION OF ENGINEERING
MEMORANDUM
99-082
----------------
To: Martha Schurmann, Building Division
From: David Hays, Enginee5pT701—
Date: March 1.2, 1999
Subject: Aerex Industrial
As -Built Acceptance
Building Permit #980- 4
Engineering has reviewed the paving and drainage as-builts for this project and are
excepting them for completion at this time. A copy of the Engineer's certification is
attached for your records.
If I can be of further assistance to you in this or any other matter, please let me know.
cc: Donald West, County Engineer
Charles Cangianelli, Code Compliance Manager
File
d
'LIAR 1 51999
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT l
ST. LUCIE COUNTY, FL
CULPEPPER a
TERPEN I NG, INC.
March 4, 1999
VIA: Hand Delivery
Mr. David Hays
Civil Engineer
St. Lucie County Engineering
St. Lucie County
2300 Virginia Avenue
Fort Pierce, FL 34982-5652
In
=1
ENGINEERING
►i
Consulting Engineers • Land
2980 South 25th Street • Ft. Pierce, 34LF 9b
P.O. Box 13360 • Ft. Pierce, FL 34979-3360
(561) 464-3537 • Fax (561) 464.9497\
Job No. 9340 \
Re: Aerex Industrial Building/St. Lucie County Airport Industrial Park
Dear Mr.Hays:
Please accept this letter as certification that the paving and drainage improvements for the Aerex
facility in the St. Lucie County Airport Industrial Park have been completed in satisfactory
compliance with the approved plans and specifications as prepared by this office. The only
deviation of any substance is the addition of a curb along the eastern pavement to prevent erosion
as the water drains off of the pavement surface into the adjacent drainage swale. Two (2)
concrete flumes have been added along this eastern pavement line to collect the stormwater.
Enclosed please find test reports on the subgrade for the project and a copy of record drawings
for the paving and grading plan reflecting "as -built' elevations., Please note that the project
consists of concrete pavements so there are no base course density test enclosed Tf uni, ehn„ m
. ERASER ENGINEERING` 114D TESTING, INC.
350.1 INDUSTRIAL 33RD STREET FORT PIERCE. FLORIDA 34946
VERO BEACH (561) 567-6167 FORT PIERCE (561) 461-7508 STUART (561) 283-7711 Fr. PIERCE 1-800-233-9011
Report
of
DENSITY OF SOIL IN -PLACE
ASTM D2922
CLIENT: Richard K. Davis Construction Corporation
CONTRACTOR: Client
SITE: Aerex Industries Phase 2
Slab Area
DATE: July 20, 1998
PERM IT #: 9ffiffi
DENSITY DATE LOCATION ELEVATION
TEST TESTED
NO.
MOISTURE -DENSITY
RELATIONSHIP
IN PLACE
DRY
DENSrrY
PERCENT
[7ACTI[ON
TEST
MAX
- ---
NO.
DRY VIT.
405 7/20/98 Map Location 1 0 - 1'
377
113.1
115.0
101.7
406 Map Location 2 0 - 1'
110.2
97.4
407 Map Location 3 0 - 1'
113.9
100.7
408 ! Map Location 4 0 - 1'
114.2
101.0
409 Map Location 5 0 - 1'
112.4
99.4
410 Map Location 2 - retest 0 - 1'
111.4
98.5
I S • •�
•y �•
i
,
ALL ELEVATIONS BELOW SLAB GRADE
1 N 03 N
D
ii
JUL 2 01998
QQ
ST. LUCIE COUNTY, FL , . '
Copies: Client - 1
St. Lucie County Building Department - 1
n
a TtSTING, INC.
POUNUA-1IUN INVESTIGATIONS
GEOTECHNICAL
CORPORATION CG C013084 - P.O. BOX 186 - FT. PIERCE, FLORIDA 34954
Jose Guanch
Plans Review
St. Lucie County Bldg. Dept.
2300 Virginia Avenue
Fort Pierce, Florida 34982
Aerex Industries, Inc.
Permit No. 98-040024
Attached you will find documents addressing your review comments of April 03, 1998 for the
above referenced project:
NO FLEX PIPING ALLOWED FOR JUNCTION BOX IN
HAZARDOUS AREA. (350.2).
RESPONSE:
The electrical engineer, Garrison Electrical Consultants, Inc., has
addressed this continent. Conduit shall be changed to a rigid
type.
PROVIDE ENGINEERED MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR
BUILDING.
RESPONSE:
The mechanical engineer for the project, Hutcheon Engineers,
has addressed this comment in both calculations and instructions.
Two (2) 12,000 cf n wall fans shall be installed on the north face
of the building. Four 48" square fixed louvers shall be installed
within the south wall of the building.
BOLT SCHEDULE A14D FRAMING DETAILS.
RESPONSE:
The pre-engineered metal building has been ordered. Anchor
bolt details for concrete work has been attached. Building
framing details are not available as yet, but will be submitted
prior to erection of any steel.
PROVIDE EMERGENCY SHOWER.
RESPONSE:
We will be installing an emergency shower to the south and
adjacent to the proposed restroom within the existing building.
We shall use a Bradley S 19-120 Drench Shower with horizontal
supply.
MARTIN & ST. LUCIE 561-461-8335 - INDIAN RIVER 561-778-9188 • FAX 561-465-7665
i6s
• Page Two
Aerea Industries, Inc.
Plans Review Comments
ITEM#S: PROVIDE ADEQUATE RESTROOM FACILITIES.
RESPONSE: Please refer to owner's letter. attached. Adequate restroom
facilities already exist on site. They are contained within this
building and two other buildings on site. Additional restroom
facilities are planned in the next phase of construction.
ITEM#6: PROVIDE A LETTER FROM THE OWNER STATING HOW MANY
WORKING PERSONS PER SHIFT. (OFFICE AND MANUFACT-
URING AREAS).
RESPONSE: See letter from the owner attached.
I believe that these responses will meet the pertaining code. Please do not hesitate to call on me should
there be any further concerns. Thank you for your efforts in communicating these deficiencies to us.
Sincerely,
rjectManagerPries
y ERE;
April 17, 1998
Mr. Jose Guanch
St. Lucie County
Community Development
Plans Review Section
2300 Virginia Avenue
Fort Pierce, Florida 34982
re: Permit Number 98040024
Request for Revised Plans
Note(s) No.: 5 & 6
Dear Mr. Guanch:
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This letter is in response to your request for revised plans associated with our building
expansion under Permit Number 98040024. Hopefully some of the following items will clar-
ify our present building status and our future plans for expansion.
We presently have at this location a total of three buildings in which two of them have
complete restroom facilities. The third building which was designed and constructed for
offices is approximately 4000sf and has all of the underground water and sewer lines in
place to suit the planned offices and restrooms(I can provide you with both the floor,and
plumbing plans as they are currently drawn for this). At this time we are using this fa-
cility for limited manufacturing because of our present lack of floor space. However,
when the proposed expansion of 11,900sf is completed, I will then proceed with the con-
struction of the offices and restrooms as planned. After all of the expansions and addi-
tions as indicated have been completed, it is my intent on having a total of fifteen man-
ufacturing employees and five office employees working in this 15,900sf facility. Some
of these employees will be from our present workforce and additional employees will be
hired from the surrounding St. Lucie County area.
We feel that the construction of an additional restroom facilities in this 11,900sf ex-
pansion will: create additional costs, unnecessary delays, a decrease in manufacturing
floor space and the duplication of restroom facilities that have already been designed
and planned for in the office building.
Based on the information that we have provided above, please advise if the proposed rest -
,,room facilities as shown on the plans can be omitted from this expansion. If you have any
additional questions or comments, please feel free to call me at anytime.
Sincerely
Thomas A. Donnick, Jr,
President
TAD/jdb
3504 Industrial 27th St. • Fort Pierce, FL 34946 • (561) 461-0004 • FAX (561) 467-0061
4-20-1 J98 1 : 24PM FROM ALKLA 1 NUUS 1 K 1 t5, 1 Ivt; a161 rib I I iota
ERE ' INDUSTRIES, INC.
April 17; 1998
Mr. Jose Guanch
St, Lucie.County
Community Development
Plans''Review Section
2360 Virginia Avenue
Fort Pierce, Florida 34982
re: Permit Number 98040024
Request for Revised Plans
Note(s) No.: 5 & 6
Dear Mr.. Guanch:
Post Ir Fax Note 7671
ate
paps# 0�7�
Fool
CoMeptR,t ,ts
co. rp
Phone
Phone #
Fax ri --�
F
r r
This letter is in response to your request for revised plans associated with our building
expansion under Permit Number 98040024. Hopefully some of the following items will clar-
ify our present building status and our future plans for expansion.
We presently have at this location a total of three buildings in which two of them have
complete restroom facilities. The third building which was designed and constructed for
offices is approximately 4000sf and has all of the underground water and sewer lines in
place to suit the planned offices and restrooms(I can.provide you with both the floor and
plumbing plans as they are currently drawn for this). At this time we are using this fa-
cility for limited manufacturing because of our present lack of floor space. However#
.when the proposed expansion'of 11,900sf is completed, I will then proceed with the con-
struction of the offices and restrooms as planned. After all of the expansions and addi-
tions as indicated have been completed, it is my intent on having a total of fifteen man-
ufacturing employees and five office employees working in -this 15,9008f facility. Some
of these employees will be from our present workforce and additional employees will be
hired from the surrounding St. Lucie County area.
We feel that the construction of an additional restroom facilities in this 11,900sf ex-
_pansion will create additional costs, unnecessary delays, a decrease in manufacturing
floor space and the duplication of restroom facilities that have already been designed
.and planned for in the office building.
Based on the information that we have provided above, please advise if the proposed rest -
room facilities as shown on the plans can be omitted from this expansion. If you have any
additional questions or comments, please feel free ,to call me at anytime.
Sincerely
Thomas A. Donnick, Jr,
President
TAD/jdb
3504 Industrial 27th St. • Fort Pierce, FL 34946 - (561) 461-0004 • FAX (561) 467-0061
HF'K-21-1'-Ud 11; 0b
F' . 02
GARRISON, Electrical Consultants, Inc.
4826 South US Highway #1, Fort Pierce, Florida:34982-7013 Phone (56I)468-5981 Fax (561)468-5930
April21, 1998
RESPONSE TO BUILDING DEPARTMENT PLAN REVIEW
PERMIT #98040024 CONTRACTOR: R.K. DAVIS
PROJECT LOCATION: 3504 Industria1270'
Fort Pierce, FL
PROJECT TYPE: METAL BUILDING;ADDITION TO EXISTING FACILITIES,
INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING PLANT
ITEM # PER BUILDING DEPARTMENT
1, NO FLEX PIPING ALLOWED FOR JUNCTION BOX IN HAZARDOUS
AREA.! (350.2)
RESPONSE: Electrician To Change Conduit To Rigid Type Conduit. (See
Junction Box Detail Sheet E-1)
2. PROVIDE ENGINEERED MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR BLDG.
RESPONSE: The electric service for ventilation equipment should be taken from
Electric Panel NLDB (L2). This his a 120/208 30 panel and has adequate capacity
to add up to 20 hp of fans witho6t further review.
When the project is complete the plans should be updated, to reflect this addition
(ventilation) and any other changes that may need to be made as a result of constructions
requirements: .
Sincerely,
Victor E. Garrison, P.E.
President FL#32583
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Specific Operations 10-145
10.90 WELDING AND CUTTING
The purpose of welding and cutting ventilation is to control
gases, fumes, and particulate generated during the welding
and cutting operations.
10.90.1 Hazards: The generation rate of fumes and gases
varies with the composition of the base metal, fluxes, and
fillers, and with the rate and depth of welding. Exposure to
the welder varies with the generation rate, duration and fre-
quency of operations, work practices (particularly distance of
the plume from the breathing zone), and the effectiveness of
ventilation.
Contaminants from welding may include:
1. Fume from the base metals and filler or electrode
metals.
2. Fume from coatings (e.g., zinc oxide from galvanized
surfaces, thoria from T.I.G. welding, and fluorides and
NOZ from electrode coatings).
3. Ozone due to ionization of oxygen by the ultraviolet
light from arc welding.
4. Carbon monoxide from ultraviolet effects on carbon
dioxide in shield gas.
5. Shield gases such as carbon dioxide, helium and argon.
6. Fluoride gases and other thermal decomposition prod-
ucts of fluxes and electrode coatings.
7. Flammable gases such as acetylene.
There are welding tasks that present enhanced hazards such
as welding on materials containing or contaminated with
heavy metals or welding in the presence of flammable vapors
or halogenated hydrocarbons. If such welding is required,
extraordinary precautions must be taken on a case -by -case
basis. Even in the absence of such hazard materials, any
welding operation in a confined space is potentially lethal and
requires continuous and copious dilution ventilation.
10.90.2 General RecommendaSons.
1. Choose hood designs in the following descending
order of effectiveness: enclosing hoods; vacuum noz-
zles; fixed slot/plenum hood on a worktable or rectan-
gular hood fixed above a worktable; moveable hood
above a worktable; moveable hood hanging freely or
overhead canopy; dilution ventilation.
2. Integrate planning for ventilation systems with plan-
ning for materials handling.
3. Place welding curtains or other barriers to block cross -
drafts.
4. Install turntables, work rests, and other aids to improve
utilization of the hoods.
5. Avoid recirculating filtered air from welding hoods
back into occupied spaces unless the welding is low
hazard and produces low quantities of gaseous con-
taminants.
6. Face velocity for enclosing hoods should be 100-130
fpm with the higher values used for poor conditions
such as high cross -draft velocities.
7. Capture velocity for non -enclosing hoods should be
100-170 fpm. with the higher values used for poor
conditions such as high cross -draft velocities and with
higher hazard levels.
Enclosing hoods are by far the most effective in controlling
welding contaminants; however, they restrict access and force
reconsideration of material and product handling. Capturing
hoods are less effective than enclosures but for low hazard
conditions can be adequate if properly used.
7-6 Industrial Ventilation
_ Environmental control of these factors can be accommo-
dated through the careful use of the supply system. Industrial
air conditioning may be required to maintain process specifi-
cations and employee health. Many times the designer can use
- a setpoint higher than the 50-55 F used in conventional HVAC
designs. ASHRAE gives basic criteria for industrial air con-
ditioning in HVAC applications 0-9) (It must be noted that
radiant heat cannot be controlled by ventilation and methods
such as shielding, described in Chapter 2, are required.)
Sensible and latent heat released by people and the process
can be controlled to desired limits by proper use of ventilation.
The HVAC industry uses automated building control and
direct digital control (DDC) in many facilities. The technol-
ogy can be applied to industrial ventilation with careful plan-
ning. DDC uses computers and microprocessors tied to
sensors and actuators to form a feedback and control system.
DDC can be useful in industrial ventilation systems to control
temperature, humidity, and relative room pressures. DDC
systems can also track the system performance at hoods, fans,
heating and cooling,, and air pollution control equipment.
DDC is especially useful in preventive maintenance. How-
ever, DDC systems for industrial ventilation systems are
complicated. Many are "one -of -a -kind" systems designed by
a controls manufacturer and they require trained personnel to
operate. -
Many industrial processes release minor amounts of "nui-
sance" contaminants which, at low concentrations, have no
known health effects but which are unpleasant or disagreeable
to the workers or harmful to the product. The desire to provide
a clean working environment for both the people and the
product often dictates controlled air flow between rooms or
entire departments. Evaluate the air streams returned into the
facility to determine if the air pollution control devices (e.g.,
filters, cyclones) provide sufficient cleaning to prevent em-
ployee exposure to "nuisance" contaminants. In addition,
systems with known contaminants require controls listed in
Section 7.12 and 7.13. The facility must employ trained
mechanics and support a preventive maintenance program to
sufficiently protect the workers.
7.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AIR FLOW RATE
The design supply air flow rate depends on several factors
including the health and comfort requirements. Sensible heat
can be removed through simple air dilution (see Chapter 2
under ventilation).
"Nuisance" or undesirable contaminants can also be re-
duced by dilution with outdoor air. The control of odors from
people at various conditions of rest and work can be accom-
plished with the outdoor air flow rate described in Chapter 2.
However, these data apply mainly to offices, schools and
similar types of environment and do not correspond well with
the usual industrial or commercial establishment. Experience
shows that when the air supply is properly distributed to the
TABLE 7-3. Air Exchanges Vs. Room Sizes
Air changes/ Air changes)
Room Size Room ft3 minute hour
40 x 40 x 12 high 19,200 11,650/19,200 = 0.61 36
40 x 40 x 20 high 32,000 11,650/32,000 = 0.364 22
working level (i.e., in the lower 8-10 ft of the space), outdoor
air supply of 1 2 cfin/ft2 of floor space will give good results.
Specific quantities of outdoor air must be obtained from
criteria developed by groups such as ASHRAE.
7.8 AIR CHANGES
"Number of air changes per minute or per hour" is the ratio
of the ventilation rate (per minute or per hour) to the room
volume. "Air changes per hour" or "air changes per minute"
is a poor basis for ventilation criteria where environmental
control of hazards, heat, and/or odors is required. The required
ventilation depends on the problem, not on the size of the
room in which it occurs. For example, let us assume a situation
where 11,650 cfm would be required to control solvent vapors
by dilution. The operation may be conducted in either of two
rooms, but in either case, 11,650 cfiri is the required ventila-
tion. The "air changes," however, would be quite different for
the two rooms. As can be seen in Table 7-3, for the same "air
change" rate, a high ceiling space will require more ventilation
than. a low ceiling space of the same floor area. Thus, there is
little relationship between "air changes" and the required
contaminant control.
The "air change" basis _ for ventilation does have some
applicability for relatively standard situations such as office
buildings and school rooms where a standard ventilation rate
is reasonable. It is easily understood and reduces the engineer-
ing effort required to establish a design criteria for ventilation.
It is this ease of application, in fact, which often leads to lack
of investigation of the real engineering parameters involved
and correspondingly poor results.
7.9 AIR SUPPLY TEMPERATURES
Supply air temperature is controlled by the demand for
heating and cooling. Factors to consider in maintaining a
comfortable work environment for occupants are: setpoint
temperature, humidity control, air distribution, and air flow
rate. Where high internal heat loads are to be controlled,
however, the temperature ofthe air supply can be appreciably
below that of the space by reducing the amount of heat
supplied to the air during the winter months and by deliber-
ately cooling the air in the summer. When a large air flow rate
is delivered at approximately space temperatures or somewhat
below, the distribution of the air becomes vitally important in
order to maintain satisfactory environmental conditions for
the persons in the space.
Maximum utilization of the supply air is achieved when the
Replacement and Recirculated Air 7-7
air is distributed in the "living zone" of the space, below the
8-10 foot level (see Figure 7-4). When delivered in this
manner— where the majority of the people and processes are
located — maximum ventilation results with minimum air
handling. During the warm months of the year, large air flow
in the working space at relatively high velocities is welcomed
by the workers. During the winter months, however, care must
be taken to insure that air velocities over the person, except
when extremely high heat loads are involved, are kept within
acceptable values (see Chapter 2, Table 2-5). To accomplish
this, the air can be distributed uniformly in the space or where
required for worker comfort. Heavy-duty, adjustable, direc-
tional grilles and louvers have proven to be very successful in
allowing individual workers to direct the air as needed.0-0
Light gauge, stamped grilles intended for commercial use are
not satisfactory. Suitable control must be provided to accom-
modate seasonal and even daily requirements with a minimum
of supervision or maintenance attention.
Chapter 2 describes the relative comfort that can be derived
through adequate air flow control. Published tables of data by
register and diffuser manufacturers indicate the amount of throw
(projection) and spread that can be achieved with different
designs at different flow rates (see Figure 7-4). Terminal veloci-
ties at the throw distance can also be determined.
Multiple point distribution is usually best since it provides
uniformity of air delivery and minimizes the re -entrainment
of contaminated air that occurs when large volumes are
"dumped" at relatively high velocities. Depending on the size
and shape of the space and the amount of air to be delivered,
various distributional layouts are employed. Single point
distribution can be used; however, it is usually necessary to
redirect the large volume of air with a baffle or series of baffles
in order to reduce the velocity close to the outlet and minimize
re -entrainment. In determining the number and types of reg-
isters or outlet points, it also is necessary to consider the effect
of terminal air supply velocity on the performance of local
exhaust hoods.
When large amounts of sensible heat are to be removed
from the space during the winter months, it is most practical
to plan for rapid mixing of the cooler air supply with the
warmer air in the space. During the summer months, the best
distribution usually involves minimum mixing so that the air
supply will reach the worker at higher velocities and with a
minimum of heat pickup. These results can be obtained by
providing horizontal distribution of winter air over the
worker's head, mixing before it reaches the work area and
directing the air toward the worker through register adjust-
ment for the summer months (see Figure 7-5).
10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50' 60' N 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50'
N
O 0' — O 0'
-Z-VN N
— 10' � N 10'
"A" DEFLECTION "C" DEFLECTION
Zn 0' 10' 20'
10' 0' 10' 20' 30' Ln
CN 10'
i t
i cV N
N N
—0 0' -0 0'
N
N
N
\N 10' �C-4 10'
"E" DEFLECTION
"G" DEFLECTION
PLAN VIEW
�s713�
UP PROJECTION
HORIZONTAL PROJECTION
SIDE VIEW
FIGURE 74. Throw patterns and distancg from different register adjustments (REF. 7-2)
n
N
DOWN PROJECTION
2-2 Industrial Ventilation
-2.1 INTRODUCTION
. "General industrial ventilation" is abroad term which refers
to the supply and exhaust of air with respect to an area, room,
or. building. It can be divided further into specific functions
as follows:
Dilution Ventilation is the dilution of contaminated air
with uncontaminated air for the purpose of controlling
potential airborne health hazards, fire and explosive
conditions, odors, and nuisance -type contaminants.
Dilution ventilation also can include the control of
airborne contaminants (vapors, gases, and particu-
lates) generated within tight buildings.
Dilution ventilation is not as satisfactory for health
hazard control as is local exhaust ventilation. Circum-
stances may be found in which dilution ventilation
provides an adequate amount of control more eco-
nomically than a local exhaust system. One should be
careful, however, not to base the economical consid-
erations entirely upon the first cost of the system since
dilution ventilation frequently exhausts large amounts
of heat from a building, which may greatly increase
the energy cost of the operation.
2. Heat Control Ventilation is the control of indoor at-
mospheric conditions associated with hot industrial
environments such as are found in foundries, laun-
dries, bakeries, etc., for the purpose of preventing
acute discomfort or injury.
2.2 DILUTION VENTILATION PRINCIPLES
'The principles of dilution ventilation system design are as
follows:
1. Select from available data the amount of air required
for satisfactory dilution of the contaminant. The values
tabulated on Table 2-1 assume perfect distribution and
dilution of the air and solvent vapors. These values
must be multiplied by the selected K value (see Section
2.3.1).
2. Locate the exhaust openings near the sources of con-
tamination, if possible, in order to obtain the benefit
of "spot ventilation."
3. Locate the air supply and exhaust outlets such that the
air passes through the zone of contamination. The
operator should remain between the air supply and the
source of the contaminant.
4. Replace exhausted air by use of a replacement air
system. This replacement air should be heated during
cold weather. Dilution ventilation systems usually
handle large quantities of air by means of low pressure
fans. Replacement air must be provided if the system
is to operate satisfactorily.
5. Avoid re-entry of the exhausted air by discharging the
exhaust high above the roof line or by assuring that no
window, outdoor air intakes, or other such openings
are located near the exhaust discharge.
2.3 DILUTION VENTILATION FOR HEALTH
The use of dilution ventilation for health has four limiting
factors: 1) the quantity of contaminant generated must not be
too great or the air flow rate necessary for dilution will be
impractical; 2) workers must be far enough away from the
contaminant source or the evolution of contaminant must be
in sufficiently low concentrations so that workers will not
have an exposure in excess of the established TLV; 3) the
toxicity of the contaminant must be low; and 4) the evolution
of contaminants must be reasonably uniform.
Dilution ventilation is used most often to control the vapors
from organic liquids with a TLV of 100ppm or higher. In
order to successfully apply the principles of dilution to such
a problem, factual data are needed on the rate of vapor
generation or on the rate of liquid evaporation. Usually such
data can be obtained from the plant if any type of adequate
records on material consumption are kept.
2.3.1 General Dilution Ventilation Equation: The venti-
lation rate needed to maintain a constant concentration at a
uniform generation rate is derived by starting with a funda-
mental material balance and assuming no contaminant inthe
air supply,
Rate of Accumulation = Rate of Generation —
Rate of Removal
or
VdC = Gdt — Q' Cdt [2.1]
where:
V = volume of room
G = rate of generation
Q'= effective volumetric flow rate
C = concentration of gas or vapor.
t = time
At a steady state, dC = 0
Gdt = Q'Cdt
f tZtZ Gdt = �Q'Cdt
t� c�
At a constant concentration, C, and uniform generation rate, G,
G(t2 — W = Q'C (t2 — W
Q' = C [2.2]
Due to incomplete mixing, a K value is introduced to the rate
of ventilation; thus:
8-2 Industrial Ventilation
8.1 INTRODUCTION
There are two ventilation aspects which are major causes
of the complaints noted in the vast majority of reported
problems from all parts of this and other countries. They are
complaints of unsatisfactory indoor air quality (which may be
due to the lack of sufficient outdoor air for dilution of "nor-
mal" indoor airborne contaminants) and the failure to deliver
supply air properly to the occupied zones.
Indoor air quality is defined as the overall quality of the
indoor air and includes biological, chemical, and comfort
factors. This chapter is designed to familiarize the reader with
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
used in office and similar spaces. The individual components
of a typical HVAC-system are defined, and the operation of
the more common types of HVAC systems found are dis-
cussed.
8.2 DILUTION VENTILATION FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
The oil shortage and the resulting energy crisis of the late
1960s and early 1970s is considered by some as the most
significant cause of the current indoor air quality concern. In
the past, when energy costs were relatively low, the design of
heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for
buildings included the infiltration of outside air through
doors, windows, and other sources. Also, up to 25%(8-1) out-
door air was supplied by the system, in addition to the
infiltration, for general ventilation purposes. The outdoor air
had the effect of diluting the "normal" indoor contaminants
to a very low level of concentration, which had little effect on
the occupants.
Since the energy crisis resulted in major increases in energy
costs, an extensive effort was made to reduce the infiltration
of outdoor air by constructing the building as airtight as
possible. Outdoor air supplied by the HVAC system was
reduced to a minimum and in some instances eliminated
entirely. Airborne contaminants found in indoor environ-
ments were present in extremely small quantities and had not
been a health problem in the past due to the dilution effect of
the outdoor air. New concepts of office design that utilize
fabric partitions, particle board furniture, increased use of
carpets, office copy machines, etc., have increased the poten-
tial for indoor contaminants. As buildings became more en-
ergy efficient, there was an increase in complaints of
stuffiness, drowsiness, tiredness, eye irritation, throat irrita-
tion, and stale air.
Existing health standards are not usually violated by the
low-level concentrations, and the only current legal require-
ment for outdoor air is found in the building codes. The
Uniform Building Code('.2) is the most widely accepted stand-
ard for providing outdoor air. Section 605 states that 5 cfm of
outdoor air per occupant shall be mechanically supplied to all
parts of the building during occupancy. Carbon dioxide con-
centrations from occupant respiration within a space are often
Jr used as an indicator of the quantity of outdoor air being
supplied to that space. When the indoor air concentration
reaches approximately 800-1000 ppm (excluding external
combustion sources), complaints may escalate. As the carbon
dioxide levels increase, the number of complaints will in-
crease more rapidly.
In 1989, the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) developed and
adopted ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, "Ventilation for Ac-
ceptable Indoor Air Quality."(") The standard recognized the
health problems resulting from the changes in construction
and HVAC methods. It is based on occupancy of spaces and
provides the outdoor air requirement for that space. Require-
ments for outdoor air for offices based on an occupancy of
seven people per 1000 square feet is currently 20 cfin per
person. This is based on a total occupancy, including tran-
sients, and is in addition to the usual HVAC requirements.
The standard is expected to satisfy the requirements for 80%
or more of the occupants.
Provision for delivery of the outdoor air for dilution of the
normal indoor airborne contaminants in the occupied space is
a major factor of indoor air quality considerations. It is obvi-
ous that if the outdoor air included as part of the total supply
air is not delivered to the occupied zone, the potential for
unsatisfactory indoor air quality increases. Another important
factor in the delivery of the air to the occupied zone is the
location of the supply and return air grilles to avoid short-cir-
cuiting. Ideally, the supply air diffusers and the air grilles are
so located that a uniform flow of air through the space occurs
to avoid both stagnant air and drafts.
Temperature and humidity can play a role in how people
perceive indoor environment. ASHRAE Standard 55-1992(8.4)
provides guidance in design and maintenance of indoor ther-
mal environments. ASHRAE recommends temperature
ranges.of 67 to 76 F in winter (heating season) and 72 to 81
F in summer (cooling season). However, complaints may
increase when temperatures rise above 74 F. Similarly, it is
preferable to keep relative humidities above 20-30% during
the heating season and below 60% during the cooling season.
ASHRAE also suggests limits on air movement. The average
air movement in an occupied space should not exceed 30 fpm
in winter or 50 fpm in summer.
8.3 HVAC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM TYPES
When considering the ventilation aspects of HVAC sys-
tems, the type of system and its components should be re-
viewed for potential sources or causes of complaints regarding
indoor air quality. Detailed descriptions of the systems and
components can be ,found in the Systems and Equipment
volume of the ASHRAE Handbook.('.')
8.3.1 Components: The components that make up HVAC
systems generally include the following:
12-18 Industrial Ventilation
ADOPTED APPENDICES B2. Welding Fumes—Tolaar
l Particulate NO)), TLV—TWA 5 mg/m3
APPENDIX A: Carcinogenicity
The Chemical Substances TLV Committee has been aware of the
increasing public concern over, chemicals or industrial processes that
cause or contribute to increased risk of cancer in workers. More sophisti-
cated methods of bioassay, as well as the use of sophisticated mathemat-
ical models that extrapolate the levels of risk among workers, have led to
differing interpretations as to which chemicals or processes should be cat-
egorized as human carcinogens and what the maximum exposure levels
should be. The goal of the Committee has been to synthesize the available
information in a manner that will be useful to practicing industrial hygien-
ists, without overburdening them with needless details. The categories for
carcinogenicity are:
Al — Confirmed Human Carcinogen: The agent is carcinogenic to humans
based on the weight of evidence from epidemiologic studies of, or
convincing clinical evidence in, exposed humans.
A2 — Suspected Human Carcinogen: The agent is carcinogenic in experi-
mental animals at dose levels, by route(s) of administration, at
site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that are consid-
ered relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies
are conflicting or insufficient to confirm an increased risk of cancer
in exposed humans.
A3 — Animal Carcinogen. The agent is carcinogenic in experimental ani-
mals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at
site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that are not con-
sidered relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies
do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans.
Available evidence suggests that the agent is not likely to cause can-
cer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels
of exposure.
A4 — Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: There are inadequate data
on which to classify the agent in terms of its carcinogenicity in
humans and/or animals.
A5 — Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen. The agent is not suspected
to be a human carcinogen on the basis of property conducted epi-
demiologic studies in humans. These studies have sufficiently long
follow-up, reliable exposure histories, sufficiently high dose, and
adequate statistical power to conclude that exposure to the agent
does not convey a significant risk of cancer to humans. Evidence
suggesting a lack of carcinogenicity in experimental animals will be
considered if it is supported by other relevant data. '
Substances for which no human or experimental animal carcinogenic
data have been reported are assigned no carcinogenicity designation.
Exposures to carcinogens must be kept to a minimum, Workers
exposed to Al carcinogens without a TLV should be properly equipped to
eliminate to the fullest extent possible all exposure to the carcinogen. For
Al carcinogens with a TLV and for A2 and A3 carcinogens, worker expo-
sure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possi-
ble below the TLV. Refer to the "Guidelines for the Classification of
Occupational Carcinogens" in the Introduction to the 6th Edition of the
'Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure
Indices for a more complete description and derivation of these designa-
tions.
APPENDIX B: Substances of Variable Composition
61. Polytetralluoroethylene' decomposition products. Thermal decom-
position of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidized
products containing carbon, fluorine, and oxygen. Because these products
decompose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantita-
tively determined in air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLVs
are recommended at this time, but air concentration should be controlled
as low as possible.
('Trade names include: Algof Ion, Fluon, Teflon, Tetran)
Welding fumes cannot be classified simply. The composition and quan-
tity of both are dependent on the alloy being welded and the process and
electrodes used. Reliable analysis of fumes cannot be made without con-
sidering the nature of the welding process and system being examined;
reactive metals and alloys such as aluminum and titanium are arc -welded
in a protective, inert atmosphere such as argon. These arcs create relative-
ly little fume, but they do create an intense radiation which can produce
ozone. Similar processes are used to arc -weld steels, also creating a rela-
tively low level of fumes. Ferrous alloys also are arc -welded in oxidizing
environments that generate considerable fume and can produce carbon
monoxide instead of ozone. Such fumes generally are composed of dis-
crete particles of amorphous slags containing iron, manganese, silicon,
and other metallic constituents depending on the alloy system involved.
Chromium and nickel compounds are found in fumes when stainless steels
are arc -welded. Some coated and flux -cored electrodes are formulated with
fluorides and the fumes associated with them can contain significantly
more fluorides than oxides. Because of the above factors, arc -welding
fumes frequently must be tested for individual constituents that are likely
to be present to determine whether specific TLVs are exceeded.
Conclusions based on total concentration are generally adequate if no toxic
elements are present in welding rod, metal, or metal coating and conditions
are not conducive to the formation of toxic gases.
APPENDIX C: Threshold Limit Values for Mixtures
When two or more hazardous substances which act upon the same
organ system are present, their combined effect, rather than that of either
individually, should be given primary consideration. In the absence of infor-
mation to the contrary, the effects of the different hazards should be con-
sidered as additive. That is, if the sum of
C1 + C2 + �n
Ti T2 Tn
exceeds unity, then the threshold limit of the mixture should be considered
as being exceeded. C1 indicates the observed atmospheric concentration
and T1 the corresponding threshold limit (see Example A.1 and B.1).
Exceptions to the above rule may be made when there is a good reason
to believe that the chief effects of the different harmful substances are not
in fact additive, but are independent as when purely local effects on differ-
ent organs of the body are produced by the various components of the mix-
ture. In such cases, the threshold limit ordinarily is exceeded only when at
least one member of the series (C fri + or + C21 T2, etc.) itself has a value
exceeding unity (see Example B.W
Synergistic action or potentiation may occur with some combinations
of atmospheric contaminants. Such cases at present must be determined
individually. Potentiating or synergistic agents are not necessarily harmful
by themselves. Potentiating effects of exposure to such agents by routes
other than that of Inhalation are also possible, e.g., imbibed alcohol and
inhaled narcotic (tdchloroethylene). Potentiation is characteristically exhib-
ited at high concentrations, less probably at low.
When a given operation or process characteristically emits a number of
harmful dusts, fumes, vapors or gases, it will frequently be only feasible to
attempt to evaluate the hazard by measurement of a single substance. In
such cases, the threshold limit used for this substance should be reduced
by a suitable factor, the magnitude of which will depend on the number,
toxicity, and relative quantity of the other contaminants ordinarily present.
Examples of processes that are typically associated with two or more
harmful atmospheric contaminants are welding; automobile repair, blast-
ing, painting, lacquering, certain foundry operations, diesel exhausts, etc:
Examples of TLVs for Mixtures
A Additive effects. The following formulae apply only when the compo-
nents in a mixture have similar toxicologic effects; they should not be used
for mixtures with widely differing reactivities, e.g., hydrogen cyanide and
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Typical Specifications
_Direct Drive Models
Propeller construction shall be cast aluminum airfoil. A
standard square key and tapered bushing shall lock the
lropeller to the motor shaft. Propellers shall be
statically and dynamically balanced.
Motors shall be of the heavy duty ball bearing type,
carefully matched to the fan load, and furnished at the
specified voltage, phase and enclosure.
Motor support frame assemblies shall be formed steel
construction. Fan panels shall have prepunched
mounting holes, formed flanges with welded corners
with a deep -formed inlet venturi. All structural
components shall be coated with Perma-TectorTM for a
long lasting finish.
The axial exhaust and supply sidewall fans shall bear
the AMCA certified ratings seal for air and sound
performance.
Fans shall be Model SPDE-CA for exhaust and SPDS-
CA for supply as manufactured by Greenheck Fan
Corporation of Schofield, Wisconsin.
Belt Drive Models
All sidewall fans shall be belt driven axial type.
Propeller construction shall be cast aluminum airfoil
design. A standard square key and tapered bushing
shall securely lock the propeller to the shaft. Propellers
shall be statically and dynamically balanced.
Motors shall be of the heavy duty ball bearing type
carefully matched to the fan load, and furnished at the
specified voltage, phase and enclosure.
Ground and polished steel fan shafts shall be mounted
in permanently lubricated, sealed ball bearing pillow
blocks. Bearings shall be selected for a minimum (1-50)
life in excess of 200,000 hours at maximum cataloged
operating speed. Pulleys shall be of the fully machined
cast iron type, keyed and securely attached to the
wheel and- motor shafts. The motor sheaves shall be
adjustable for final system balancing. Drives shall be
sized for a minimum of 150% of driven horsepower.
Drive frame assemblies shall be formed steel
construction. Fan panels shall have prepunched
mounting holes, formed flanges with welded corners
with a deep formed inlet venturi. All structural
components shall be coated with Perma-TectorTM for a
long lasting finish.
The axial exhaust and supply fans shall bear the AMCA
certified ratings seal for air and sound performance.
Fans shall be Model SPBE-CA for exhaust and SPBS-
CA for supply as manufactured by Greenheck Fan
Corporation of Schofield, Wisconsin.
Warranty
Greenheck Fan Corporation warrants this equipment free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year from the purchase date.
Any units or parts which prove to be defective during the warranty period will be replaced at our option
when returned to our factory, transportation prepaid.
The motor is warranted by the motor manufacturer for a period of one year. Should the motor prove
defective during this period, it should be returned to the nearest authorized motor service station.
Greenheck Fan Corporation will not be responsible for any installation or removal costs.
Greenheck Sidewall Propeller Fans
Model SPF Model SPN
• Light duty
• Economical
• Low sound
• Heavy duty
• Direct drive
• Belt drive
• Belt drive
• Direct & Belt drive
• Aluminum prop.
• Steel prop.
• Steel prop.
• Cast aluminum prop.
• Sizes 8"-20"
• Sizes 20"-54"
• Sizes 24"-54"
• Sizes 20"-72"
• 200-4500 CFM
• 3800-28000 CFM
0 4500-53700 CFM
• 3000-85000 CFM
• Up to %" SP
• Up to V SP
• Up to y," SP
• Up to 1" SP
• AMCA Air
• AMCA Air/Sound
• AMCA Air/Sound
• AMCA Air/Sound
'LJGREENHECK
P.O. BOX 128 SCHOFIELD. WISCONSIN54476
PH. 715-359-6171
Model SPB-FS
• Heavy duty
• Belt drive
• Steel prop.
• Sizes 24"-72"
• 4500-80800 CFM
•Upto%"SP
• AMCA Air/Sound
t
Due to continuing research Greenheck Fan reserves the right to change specifications without notice.
SPD-CA & SPB-CA - OCTOBER 88-M
Accesso"ries For Sidewall Propeller Fars
A complete line of accessories is offered for use with Greenheck sidewall propeller fans. The
accessories are designed for safety, ease of fan installation, and weather protection. Several suggested
combinations of sidewall fans and accessories are illustrated on the following pages.
ff�
MOTOR SIDE GUARD
Protective guards of welded steel wire
are available to completely enclose the
motor and drive side of sidewall fans in
sizes 20-72. Guards feature bolted
construcion which allows the front portion
to be removed for service. Perma-Tector®
thermally fused polyester coating is applied
for a long lasting finish.
OSHA MOTOR SIDE GUARD
Protective guards which conform to
Federal Occupational Health and Safety
Standards are also available for fan sizes
8-72. An expanded metal screen is
supported by a structural steel frame.
Guards are coated with Perma-Tector®.
WEATHERHOOD
Weatherhoods are available to shield
wall openings and dampers from rain and
snow. Hoods can also be used with wall
mount collars and wall mount housings in
sizes 8-72. Weatherhoods are only
available in kit form for field assembly, with
birdscreens furnished in each kit. Standard
construction is galvanized steel with
prepunched mounting holes. Paint finish is
optional.
WALL MOUNT COLLAR
The Wall Mount Collar offers an
effective method of installing
sidewall fans. Its mounting flange
bolts to the exterior wall to allow the
collar to project inward. Mounting
holes are prepunched to speed
installation. The Wall Mount Collar
provides a sturdy base for mounting
dampers, damper guards
orweatherhoods. It also insures
proper spacing between propellers
and dampers. Collars are
constructed of heavy gauge steel
with Greenheck's Perma-Tector®
thermally fused polyester finish. Wall
Mount Collars are available in kit
form or factory assembled for
Greenheck sidewall propeller fan
sizes 8-72.
OPPOSITE MOTOR SIDE GUARD
For exhaust fan applications where the
propeller is exposed, expanded metal
guards are available to protect personnel
and fan blades. A rolled steel frame
SUP
the screen. Guards are coated
with Perma-Tector® thermally fused
polyester. Available sizes are 8-72.
OSHA'OPPOSITE MOTOR SIDE
GUARD
A similar guard constructed with a
screen of finer mesh provides protection
which conforms to Federal Occupational
Health and Safety Regulations. This guard
is also available in fan sizes 8-72.
DAMPERS
Backdraft dampers are available for both
exhaust and supply fans. Damper frames
are constructed of galvanized steel. Blades
are aluminum with felt strips on closing
edges and nylon bushings at pivot points.
Mounting flangs are offered in two designs
which permit dampers to be mounted
either externally or flush with a wall.
Optional motorpacks are available for
Positive operation. Dampers are available
in fan sizes 8-72.
DAMPER GUARD
Protective guards are available to
enclose dampers and wall openings in
accessible areas. An expanded metal
screen is supported by a steel frame.
Construction is galvanized steel with
prepunched mounting flanges. Damper
guards are available in sizes 8-72.
WALL MOUNT HOUSING
In applications where the fan assembly
is required to project outward from the
occupied space, the Wall Mount Housing
provides an effective method of mounting
fans and accessories. Housings can be
used with either exhaust or supply fans
along with dampers, damper guards or ,
weatherhoods. Wall Mount Housings are
available factory assembled or in kit form.
Standard construction is galvanized steel
with prepunched mounting holes. Paint
finish is optional. Housings are available
for Greenpeck sidewall propeller fan sizes
8-60.
WALL MOUNT HOUSING GUARD
Protective guards are available for the
drive side opening of the Wall Mount
Housing. Housing Guards are constructed
of welded steel wire coated with Perma- `
Tector`O for a lasting finish. Guards are
available for fan sizes 20-60.
NOTE: Motor side & opposite motor side guards, when ordered with fans, are factory, installed.
Fan orders which include factory assembled wall mount housings and wall mount collars will be shipped with all specified
accressories factory installed, with the exception of the weatherhood.
Dampers
Greenheck offers a wide selection of backdraft dampers to complement its sidewall accessory line.
Dampers in either exhaust or supply configuration are available with or without electrically
operated actuators. Two different mounting flange arrangements provide the system designer the
flexibility of mounting the damper externally or flush with the wall.
EXHAUST
MODEL WD-300
Gravity or Motorized
Model WD-300 is constructed with a mounting flange
which positions the damper externally to the wall, pro-
viding additional distance from the fan for better air per-
formance. Optional electric actuators for 24, 115, 208-230
or 460 volts are available.
MODEL WD-320
Flush Mount, Gravity or Motorized
Model WD-320 is constructed with a flush mount flange
which positions the damper within the wall for a flush
exterior appearance. Optional electric actuators are
available in 24, 115, 208-230 or 460 volts.
MOTORIZED SUPPLY
MODEL WD-210
Model WD-210 features a standard 115 or 230 volt elec-
trical actuator and a mounting flange for external in-
stallation, providing additional distance from the fan for
better air performance. Optional actuators are available
in 24 or 460 volts.
MODEL WD-220
Flush Mount
Model WD-220 features a standard 115 or 230 volt elec-
trical actuator and a flush mount flange which positions
the damper within the wall for a flush exterior appear-
ance. Optional actuators are available in 24 or 460 volts.
� �71 'RANI 1 T SUPPLY
MODEL WD-420
W D-300
WD-21
IN
Model WD-420 opens by pressure differential and closes WD-42I
by an adjustable return spring. The mounting flange pro-
vides for an external damper position allowing more
distance from the fan for better air performance.
MODEL WD-430
Flush Mount
Model WD-430 opens by pressure differential and closes
by an adjustable return spring. The.flush mount flange
positions the damper within the wall for a flush exterior
appearance.
INSTALLATION NOTES
1. Sufficient distance must be maintained between the fan blades and
the damper for proper air performance. This distance can be provided by
use of a wall collar or wall housing.
2. Weatherhoods should be installed on all intake dampers exposed to
severe weather.
Exhaust applications may also require weatherhoods.
W D-320
••11�2„
'Damper
JW Size AIRFLOW
Sq.
m�
*Damper
OW Size —
Sq.
..1 1/2„
'Damper
Size
Sq.
"11/2'
AIRFLOW
W D-430
'Recommended damper sizes shown on pg. 5.
••10x10 & 12x12 dampers have 1" flanges.
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