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HomeMy WebLinkAboutInstallation Manual k f.. 44 .4ir d 1� N .i.,-.r .w 'µv;.{ r- �•J-fir..,_ `" s l+ yyyy d ' �1 Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home } l d H Q t'c Installation Manual �� ��o S ■ 7t z'f' 1 � c- i y i F bI Y � Bringing America Home. Bringing America Fun. � i11 j1:C f�GG)ny� 3 yg� 4-48 pg. 1 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#®5 Usingh a Ma Conforms to �g t e Manual HiDM9C55 U This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter.As you read it, identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need;construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation;and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual,refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward.Select either Single Section Home or a Multi-Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home's foundation type,either Pier and Ground Anchor or Load-Bearing Perimeter Wall(see Definitions, p.4).Then complete the work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an alternative(proprietary)foundation system,the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturer directions for instructions. See page 6 for alternative foundation system criteria. SECTIONSINGLE •M E MULTI-SECTION HOME I Pier and Ground Anchor I Load-Bearing Perimeter Pier and Ground Anchor I Load-Bearing Perimeter Wall Wall Getting Started(p.8) �j Getting Started(p.8) I I Getting Started (p.8) �� Getting Started(p.8) ♦ i ♦ II ♦ II ♦ i Prepare the Site(p. 13) Prepare the Site(p. 13) ! Prepare the Site(p. 13) i, Prepare the Site(p. 13) ' ♦ !i Install Footings(p. 18) Construct Foundation Install Footings(p. 18) !. Construct Foundation ♦ I (p.28) I I ♦ (P.28) Set the Home(p.30) ♦ ! Set the Home(p.30) ♦ Connect Utilities(p.77) ♦ Complete Roof and Exte- Install Stabilizing System ♦ Complete Multi-Section ,� rior Walls(p.47) (p.65) Prepare Appliances and Set(p.36) I I ♦ I ♦ i Equipment(p. 86) ♦ Connect Crossovers i Connect Utilities(p.77) ♦ I Complete Roof and Exte- !, (p.52) ♦ 1 Complete Under the rior Walls(p.47) Prepare Appliances and ;; Home and Site Built I I ♦ ; Complete Interior(p.63) ! Equipment(p. 86) Structures(p.96) I Connect Crossovers ♦ I ♦ (p.52) ! Connect Utilities(p.77) I Complete Under the Prepare Home for Occu- Home and Site Built I� pancy(p.99) I Complete Interior(p.63) Prepare Appliances and Structures(p.96) ♦ I ♦ I Equipment(p.86) I ♦ j Complete Installation Install Stabilizing System Prepare Home for Occu- Checklist(p. 100) (p.65) Ii Complete Under the i pancy(p.99) ♦ I; Home and Site Built ♦ I I Connect Utilities(p.77) �; Structures(p.96) Complete Installation I ♦ ! Checklist(p. 100) Prepare Appliances and ! Prepare Home for Occu- Equ ipment(p.86) 1 ncy(p.99) ! ♦ ♦ I ! Complete Under the I; Complete Installation Home and Site Built Checklist(p. 11 ! Structures(p.96) ! I ♦ ; i Prepare Home for Occu- 11 pancy(p.99) !� ♦ I !I Complete Installation ` II f I Checklist(p. 100) !I Disclaimer The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance,its members,consultants,contractors and representatives make no representations,warranty or guarantee,express or implied,as to the accuracy or appropriateness of any materials or information in this manual for use in a specific home,nor assume any liability for the use of the information,methods,or materials contained herein,or for damages arising from any such use. Copyright©2008 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance ISSN 1529-3424 r- r7\C1 17 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) l-1/t2 ,O9J,J',9�22'AM . 2 �1b PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. #05 r VOO Conforms to I■n fit■ oductio,n■ H1/16/9CSS This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. Please read all instructions and any other documents(includ- ing addendum pages and supplements)that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. This installation manual covers permits and site work through final inspection of the installation. It covers both single and multi-section homes installed over pier and anchor, load bearing crawl space walls and basement foundations. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures,for the set and hookup of manufactured homes to be used as single- family dwellings. The importance of correct installation cannot be over-emphasized.Correct installation is absolutely essential to home- owner satisfaction and the structural integrity of the home.All instructions must be followed to provide the customer with a safe,quality home. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions,further clarification,or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this manual, please contact the manufacturer(see Resources, p.4), a registered engineer,or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual.Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES • The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation.The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. • To keep the home in compliance with its warranty,the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer.Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home's warranty.Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. • When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions,or encounters site conditions(such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk)or other conditions that prevent the use of the instructions provided in this manual,the installer must obtain special site-specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. • The installer must possess a valid installation license as a manufactured home installer. In • If the installer identifies failures of the home to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and < Safety Standards(the HUD Code),the installer must notify the manufacturer and retailer. EYtI11 CF,a,,�, Z The Technical Content of the ``. . c'9(�'�4 m Manual has been reviewed by :Q PFS Corporation and found to be _ PE19600312 in conformance with the Federal a STATE OF � Manufactured Home Construction = 9 �, ; D and Safety Standards. %°� .!!;o...... �`� � �SS1ONA; ` O Jeff Legault SAFETY Ft7�y 14:46:ia:asaz.oa Z p i osoo There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed,and as I experienced professionals,should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them,and be capable of providing r safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. rD Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home.As qualified professionals in the field of manufactured home installation,installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced.Warnings are published O Z throughout this manual as reminders.These reminders may not cover all hazards,all potential hazards,or all possible 9 consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. y Z Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should D regularly inspect work performed by crews and subcontractors. r Obey OSHA regulations, particularly those related to home construction,such as Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations,call(202)512-1800 or visit www.osha.gov on the web. 12/8/20092:33:19 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 RESOURCES Conformsto HUD MHCSS S Manufacturer contact information: 1/15/09 Skyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart Indiana 46515 (574)294-6521 (574)295-8601 -FAX www.skylinecorp.com Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing US Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 Seventh Street,SW, Room 9164 Washington,DC 20410-8000 Telephone:(202)708-6423 or(800)927-2891 FAX: (202)708-4213 State Administrative Agencies. A list of SAAs may be found on the web at www.hud.gov or by contacting the Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manu- factured Housing. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered,constructed, and inspected in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construc- tion and Safety Standards(MHCSS)of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development(24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the"HUD Code")in effect on the date of manufacture.These Standards set forth minimum re- quirements for the design and construction of-manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states,counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of a manufactured home.A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards.The design plans and in-plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agencies to assure compliance with the Standards.. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the MHCSS and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards.These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installation requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed.Consult with the local authority having jurisdiction(LAHJ)for regulations that may require licenses and/or per- mits or which may affect procedures described in this manual. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY.Any device or other means designed to transfer loads to the ground. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT.Ties,straps,cables,turnbuckles,chains,and other approved components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM.A combination of anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will,when properly designed and installed,resist the uplift,overturning,and lateral forces on the manufactured home. BASEMENT.A load-bearing perimeter wall foundation that includes habitable space(finished or unfinished, heated or unheated)partly or completely below grade. CRAWLSPACE.The space underneath the home's floor system,enclosed with either load-or non-load bearing perimeter walls.The ground may covered with a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover. Crawlspace walls must be vented. CROSSOVERS.Utility interconnections between sections of multi-section homes,including heating and cooling ducts, electrical circuits,and water pipes,drain plumbing,and gas lines. DATA PLATE.An information sheet located at the main electrical panel,in the utility room, in a bedroom closet,or in a cabinet in the kitchen. It contains a unique identification number and identifies the wind zone, roof load zone,and cli- matic zone for which the home was constructed. DIAGONAL TIE.A tie intended to resist horiz.or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift,and overturning forces. FOOTING.That portion of the support system that transmits loads directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR.A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 4 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PF 0 Conforms to HUD HCSS H=BEAM.Steel H-beams are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace.They span across the foun- 1/15 09 dation from sidewall to sidewall,typically with an intermediate support pier and footing(typically in the center point re- sulting in a line of piers under the centerline of a double section home). INFORMATION PACKET.A set of important documents provided with the home including.warranties,information on high wind coverage,and other features of the specific home. INSTALLATION LICENSE.The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD-administered installation program. LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label,symbol,or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory,inspection agency,or other organization concerned with product evaluation.The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LISTED OR CERTIFIED. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency,or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip- ment or materials,and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stan- dards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LOAD-BEARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION.A support system for the home whereby the home is mechanically fastened to a structural wall(s)•that transfers gravity,lateral,and uplift loads to the ground. LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION(LAHJ).The state, city,county, municipality,utility,or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of'a manufactured home. MUST.Indicates a mandatory requirement. N/A. Indicates not applicable. PIER.That portion of the support system between the footing and the manufactured home, exclusive of shims.Types of piers include,but are not limited to: (1)manufactured steel stands;(2)pressure-treated wood;(3)manufactured con- crete stands;(4)concrete blocks;and(5)portions of foundation walls. PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION.A support system for the home that employs piers under the chassis and other locations to support gravity loads and employs ground anchors and tie downs(the stabilizing system)to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home.Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home's frame. QUALIFIED.Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely,competently,and in accordance with all applicable codes,standards, rules,and regulations.Meets all necessary qualification tests including any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed. 1n RAMADA.Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over manufactured home or any portion < thereof. rZ SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. m n SHALL. Indicates a mandatory requirement. 0 SITE FOR A MANUFACTURED HOME.A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one manufac- 0 tured home, its accessory buildings or structures,and accessory equipment,for the exclusive use of the occupants of D the home. SKIRTING.A weather-resistant material used.to enclose the perimeter,under the living area of the home,from the bottom 0 of the manufactured home to grade. Z Z STABILIZING SYSTEM.All components of the anchoring and support systems,such as piers,footings,ties,anchoring N equipment, anchoring assemblies,or any other equipment, materials and methods of construction,that support and D secure the manufactured home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM.Pilings,columns,a combination of footings,piers,foundation walls, caps,and shims and any com- > bination thereof that will,when properly installed,support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. Z TIE.Straps,cable,or securing devices used to connect the manufactured home to anchoring assemblies. D UTILITY CONNECTION.The connection of the manufactured home to utilities that include, but are not limited to,electric- Z ity,water,sewer,gas,or fuel oil. D r VERTICAL TIE.A tie intended to resist uplifting and overturning forces. WIND ZONE.The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map,as further defined by the MHCSS. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 5 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 00901�uiorms to HUD MHCSS ENGINEER'S STAMP 1/15/09 Certain pages of this manual display the seal of a registered engineer. Federal guidelines only require the seal from one state to be displayed,but the details herein apply to all states. SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL This icon indicates an important warning. It is critical to heed these warnings. This icon indicates a recommended best practice.While not required,following these practices will result in a superior installation, reducing the chance that cosmetic or dura- bility related complaints might arise. ABBREVIATIONS ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene max. Maximum American National Standards Insti- Manufactured Home Construction and ANSI tute MHCSS Safety Standards APA American Plywood Association min. Minimum ASTM American Society for Testing and Ma- mph Mile(s)per hour terials AWPA American Wood Preservers Associa- NEC National Electric Code tion CFM Cubic feet per minute NFIP National Flood Insurance Program CFR Code of Federal Regulations NFPA National Fire Protection Association DWV Drain,Waste,Vent O.C. On center EMT Electrical metallic tubing OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admini- stration FEMA Federal Emergency Management Oz Ounce(s) Agency ft Foot/feet P. Page ga Gauge psf Pounds per square foot HUD US Department of Housing and Ur- psi Pounds per square inch ban Development in Inch(es) SAA State Administrative Agency ILAHJ Local Authority Having Jurisdiction sq ft Square foot/feet Ib(s) Pound(s) ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS Alternative foundation systems or designs are permitted if they are approved by the home manufacturer and the manufac- turer's DAPIA,and are in accordance with either of the following: • Systems or designs are manufactured and installed in accordance with their listings by a nationally recognized testing agency based on a nationally recognized testing protocol;or • System designs are prepared by a registered engineer or a registered architect or tested and certified by a regis- tered engineer or registered architect in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and are manufactured and installed-so as not to take the home out of compliance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME WEATHER PROTECTION If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home,the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes with hinged roofs has not been Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 6 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. i9o� #°5 Conforms to HU MHCss damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair i15/09 tears in the home closure materials to prevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair roof shingles and siding as needed. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new or used manufactured home is to be displayed at a retail location,temporarily block and support the home. Set up single-section homes with single block piers spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each 17beam.The tire and axle system may be used as one of these required supports,and the hitch jack may be used as another. Locate the first pier no further than two feet from the rear end of the home(Figure 1). Place additional piers along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet(i.e.sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For multi-section homes,locate additional,piers along the marriage line under support columns.These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1.Supporting a home for display Grade 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" For all homes, place footings below each pier. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excavation and may be ABS pads,2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16"x 16"by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored but not on display(i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home)for a pe- riod exceeding 30 days,locate piers below each I-beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. CUSTOMIZATION OF THE MODEL MANUAL This manual is based on a model manufacturer's installation manual used by many different companies. It may have been customized from the model by the manufacturer.The table below lists the locations where this manual differs from the model manual. Summary of the change Multi-section set Step 3 Revised hinged roof details to Skyline system. Multi-section set Step 6,7&8 Revised mating line connections to conform to Skyline system. Connect cross-overs Step 1 Revised heat duct cross-overs to conform to Skyline systems. Cn Install stabilizing System Step 1 Revise anchor location requirements to conform to Skyline system. Connect Utilities Step 2 Revise water heater drip pan drainage to Skyline system. r Z M n O X v O D -a O Z Z cn a r r D O Z Z C D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 7 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Getting Started This chapter covers a few steps that,taken now,will avoid problems later in the installation process. Follow the Stepsbelow: STEP 1.LOCATE THE DATA PLATE(p.8) � 4 STEP 2.CONFIRM WIND ZONE(p.8) STEP 3.CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE(p.9) STEP 4.CONFIRM ROOF-LOAD ZONE(p. 10) iV STEP 5.CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS(p. 12) 3 l STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE Locate the data plate inside the home(Figure 2),typically on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel,or master bedroom closet. t-, — Figure 2. Sample data plate o W�9 B J j W_ The information on the data plate will be used to verify that the home was designed for ZZ the proper location. oSTEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE Z t Z From Table 1,identify the wind zone for the home.Verify that the home conforms to Site Appropriateness.If the Q the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. J site is not accessible,not appro- J • No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the priate for the planned support ZQ data plate.(Example:a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in system or cannot be properly Wind Zone III.) graded, notify the purchaser,the Z A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data retailer and HUD with the rea- 0 plate. (Example:a home designed for Wind Zone 11 can be placed in either sons why the site is unsuitable. Wind Zone II or I.) Do not install the home until all W 0 Homes located within 1,500 feet of the coastline in Wind Zones 11 and II I must issues are remedied. 0 be designed to withstand exposure'D'conditions.This will be indicated on W the data plate. UIf the home does not conform to these rules,contact the manufacturer immediately. W Z J Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 8 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. F #05 ® GettingStarted Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 TABLE 1.WIND ZONE BY LOCALITY Wind Zone I All areas except those areas listed below a's Being within Wind'Zone Il.or III Wind Zone 11 •- - Counties of Baldwin and Mobile��� ~� A • •- All counties except those listed below as within Wind Zone III • • . Counties of Bryan,Camden,Chatham,Glynn,Liberty,McIntosh Parishes of Acadia,Allen,Ascension,Assumption,Calcasieu,Cameron,East Baton Rouge,East Feliciana, Evangeline,Iberia,Iberville,Jefferson Davis,Lafayette,Livingston,Pointe Coupee,St.Helena,St.James,St.John the Baptist,St.Landry,St.Martin,St.Tammany,Tangipahoa,Vermillion,Washington,West Baton Rouge,and West Feliciana Counties of Hancock and Washington Counties of Barnstable,Bristol,Dukes,Nantucket,and Plymouth •• Counties of George,Hancock,Harrison,Jackson,Pearl River,and Stone Counties of Beaufort,Brunswick,Camden,Chowan,Columbus,Craven,Currituck,Jones,New Hanover,Onslow, Pamlico,Pasquotank,Pender,Perquimans,Tyrrell,and Washington Counties of Beaufort,Berkeley,Charleston,Colleton,Dorchester,Georgetown,Horry,Jasper,and Williamsburg Counties of Aransas,Brazoria,Calhoun,Cameron,Chambers,Galveston,Jefferson,Kennedy,Kleberg,Mata- gorda,Nueces,Orange,Refugio,San Patricio,and Willacy • Cities of Chesapeake,Norfolk;Portsmouth,Princess Anne,and Virginia Beach Entire state Coastal regions(as determined by the 90 mph isotach on the ANSUASCE 7-88 map) •- Counties of Broward,Charlotte,Collier,Dade,Franklin,Gulf,Hendry,Lee,Martin,Manatee,Monroe,Palm Beach, Pinellas,and Sarasota • Parishes of Jefferson,La'Fourche,Orleans,Plaquemines,St.Bernard,St.Charles,St.Mary,and Terrebonne - Counties of Carteret,Dare,and Hyde • - All regions of the U.S.Territories of American Samoa;Guam,Northern Mariana Islands,Puerto Rico,Trust Terri- tory of the Pacific Islands,and the United States Virgin Islands STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE From Figure 3. Thermal(UO)zone map, identify the thermal(UO)zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules. -�G r • No home may be located in an area with a higher thermal zone number than Z that indicated on the data plate.(Example:a home designed for Thermal m Zone 2 cannot be placed in Thermal Zone 3.) n O • A home may be located in a lower thermal zone than that indicated on the data plate.(Example:a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 may be placed in O either Thermal Zone 2 or 1.). • In no case may a home designated for installation in the"Humid&Fringe Climate,"as identified on the data plate, be located outside of this region O (Table 2). Z If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. D r r D --t O Z D Z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 9 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 onforms to Getting Started HUD MHCSS 1115109 VA `r ra ME Figure 3. Thermal(UO)zone k1T rip rlt� map M � WC FA C1 W ti IN CH ' 0. 0S C2 M VA; 1 2 3 Z­ M 11111111 r_1 u-va 0.116 0.M "A TABLE 2.HUMID AND FRINGE CLIMATE ZONES .. - Counties.of Baldwin,Barbour,Bullock,Butler,Choctaw,Clarke,Coffee,Conecuh,Covington,Crenshaw,Dale, Escambia,Geneva,Henry_,Houston,Lowndes,Marengo,Mobile,Monroe,Montgomery,Pike,Washington,and Wilcox . .. All counties and locations Counties of Appling,Atkinson,'Bacon,Baker,Ben Hill,Berrien,Brantley,-Brooks,Bryan,Calhoun,Camden,Char- leton,Chatham,Clay,Clinch,Coffee,Colquitt;Cook,Crisp,Decatur,Dougherty,Early,Echols,Effingham,Evans', Glynn,Grady,Irwin,Jeff Davis,Lanier,Lee,Liberty,Long,Lowndes,McIntosh,Miller;Mitchell,Pierce,Quitman, Randolph,Seminole,Tattnall,Terrell,Thomas,Tift,Turner,Ware,Wayne,and Worth All counties and locations All counties and locations .. Counties of Adams,Amite,Claiborne,Clarke,Copiah,Covington,Forrest,Franklin,George,Greene,Hancock, Harrison,Hinds,Issaquena,Jackson,Jasper,Jefferson,Jefferson Davis,Jones,Lamar,Lawrence,Lincoln, Marion,Pearl River,Perry,Pike,Rankin,Simpson,Smith,Stone,Walthall,Warren,Wayne,and Wilkinson Counties of Brunswick,Carteret,Columbus,New Hanover,Onslow,and Pender Counties of Beaufort,Berkeley,Charleston,Colleton,Dorchester,Georgetown,and Horry Counties of Anderson,Angelina,Aransas,Atascosa,Austin,Bastrop,Bee,Bexar,Brazoria,Brooks,Burleson, Caldwell,Calhoun,Cameron,Camp,Cass,Chambers,Cherokee,Colorado,Coma[,De Witt,Dimmit,Duval,Falls, Fayette,Fort Bend,Franklin,Freestone,Frio,Galveston,Goliad,Gonzales,Gregg,Grimes,Guadalupe,Hardin, Harris,Harrison,Hays,Henderson,Hidalgo,Hopkins,Houston,Jackson,Jasper,Jefferson,Jim Hogg,Jim Wells, Karnes,Kaufman,Kennedy,Kinney,Kleberg,La Salle,Lavaca,Lee,Leon,Liberty,Limestone,Live Oak,Madison, Marion,Matagorda,Maverick,McMullen,Medina,Milam,Montgomery,Morris,Nacogdoches,Navarro,Newton, J Nueces,Orange,Panola,Polk,Rains,Refugio,Robertson,Rusk,Sabine,San Augustine,San Jacinto,San Patri- cio,Shelby,Smith,Starr,Titus,Travis,Trinity,Tyler,Upshur,Uvalde,Val Verde,Van Zandt,Victoria,Walker, Z Waller,Washington,Webb,Wharton,Willacy,Williamson,Wilson,Wood,Zapata,and Zavala a Z Z STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF LOAD ZONE O From Table 3,identify the Roof Load Zone for the home.Verify that the home con- forms to the following rules. • No home may be placed in an area with a higher roof load than that indicated on the data plate.(Example:a home designed for the South(20 psf)Roof fn Load Zone cannot be placed in the Middle(30 psf)Roof Load Zone). Z A home may be located in an area with a lower roof load than that indicated Z on the data plate.(Example:a home designed for the Middle(30 psf)Roof 0= Load Zone may be placed in the South(20 psf)Roof Load Zone). There are special high roof load areas(primarily in mountains)not shown on 0 the map. Contact the LAHJ or SAA for information about these areas.The IL home's data plate will indicate if the home has been designed for one of these high roof load areas. V • Ramadas may be used in areas with roof live loads greater than 40 psf. W Z Ramadas are to be self-supporting,except that any connection to the home J must be for weatherproofing only. Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 10 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 C 0 Getting Started iq� onforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 3. ROOF LOADS BY LOCALITY North i psf roofload) All counties Counties of Aroostook,Piscataquis,Somerset,Penobscot,Waldo,Knox,Hancock,Washington . . ... All counties .. • All counties Counties of:Buena Vista,Butler,Calhoun,Cerro Gordo,Cherokee,Chickasaw,Clay,Dickinson,Emmet,Floyd, Franklin,Hamilton,Hancock,Hardin,Howard;Humboldt,Ida,Kossuth,Lyon,Mitchell,O'Brien,Osceola,Palo Alto, Plymouth,Pocahontas,Sac,Sioux,Webster,Winnebago,Worth,Wright Counties of Androscoggin,Cumberland,Franklin,Kanabec,Lincoln,Oxford,Sagadahoc,York County of Essex •- Counties of Alger,Alcona,Alpena,Antrim,Baraga,Benzie,Charlevoix,Cheboygan,Chippewa,Crawford,Delta, Dickson,Emmet,Gogebic,Grand Traverse,Houghton,Iron,Kalkaska,Keweenaw,Leelanau,Luce,Mackinac, Marquette,Menominee,Missaukee,Montmorency,Ogemaw,Ontonagon,Oscoda,Otsego,Presque Isle,Ros- common,Schoolcraft,Wexford . . Counties of Aitkin,Anoka,Benton,Blue Earth;Brown,Cass,Carlton,Carver,Chippewa,Chisago,Cook,Cotton- wood,Crow Wing,Dakota,Dodge,Douglas,Faribault,Fillmore,Freeborn,Goodhue,Grant,Hennepin,Hubbard, Itasca,Jsanti,Jackson,Kandiyohi,Kanabec,Koochiching,Lac qui Parle,Lake,Le Sueur,Lincoln,Lyon,McLeod, Meeker,Morrison,Millie Lacs,Mower,Martin,Murray,Nicollet,Nobles,Olmsted,Pipestone,Pine,Pope,Ramsey, Redwood,Renville,Rice,Rock,St.Louis,Sibley,Scott,Steele,Sherburne,Swift,Stearns,Stevens,Todd,Wa- dena,Wright,Washington,Wabasha,Winona,Waseca,Watonwan,Yellow Medicine - All Counties • All Counties • Counties of Cayuga,Clinton,Essex,Erie,Franklin,Fulton,Genesee,Hamilton,Herkimer,Jefferson,Lewis, Livingston,Madison,Monroe,Montgomery,Niagara,Oneida,Onondaga,Ontario,Orleans,Oswego,St.Lawrence, Saratoga,Schenectady,Seneca,Warren,Washington,Wayne,Wyoming,Yates ■. . - Counties of Brookings,Clay,,Codington,'Deuel,Grant,Hamlin,Hanson,Hutchinson,Kingsbury,Lake,Lincoln, McCook,Miner,Minnehaha,Moody,Turner,Union,Yankee All Counties Counties of Addison,Caledonia,Chittenden,Essex,Franklin,Grand Isle,Lamoille,Orange,Orleans,Rutland, Washington,Windsor Counties of Ashland,Bayfield,Barron,Buffalo,Burnett,Clark,Chippewa,Door,Douglas,Dunn,Eau Claire,Flor- ence,Forest,Iron,Jackson,Langlade,Lincoln,Marathon,Marinette,Menominee,Oconto,Oneida,Pepin,Pierce, Polk,Price,Rusk,St.Croix,Sawyer,Taylor,Trempealeau,Vilas,Washburn • All Counties < r • - The states and counties not listed for the Middle or-North roof load zone above are deemed to be within the South m roof load zone. 00 Is the data present and the home placed in the appropriate wind, thermal, 0 • roof load • D -q •. to STEP 5, CHECK LOCAL • ■ O • z 00- _ z • •• • •tify the home manufacturer, rn home retailer, purchaser and HUD. D r r D O z D Z C D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PF�HUDMHCSS# 1/15109 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS Local regulations may set conditions for the siting and installation of a manufactured home.Consult the LAHJ,state manufactured housing association,and the state SAA / / A (See Resources,p.4)for the specific local requirements, including: Areas subject to flooding. • Building codes that may affect the construction of site built structures and in- The foundation specifica- frastructure. tions contained in this • Local requirements regulating the installation of manufactured homes. manual are NOT intended • Setback requirements for property lines,streets,yards,and courts. to address flood loads. If the home is in the flood • Fire separation distances. plain, consult a registered • Development covenants for the specific property. engineer. • The locations of flood hazard areas and any special foundation requirements for homes installed in those areas. • In some areas, building permits are required to install manufactured homes. Prior to making any alteration to the site and the home,contact the LAHJ to determine if plan approval and permits are required. .. to Prepare the Site (p. J a Z a Z O a J J Q Z_ Z O a O (L w O U W Z J } Y ' Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 12 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. F ,: 5 Prepare Conforms to HUD MHCSS Prepare the Site VP_ 115/09 A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the process of planning the site,evaluating the soil,and preparing the site for construction of the home's support system. Follow the Stepsbelow: 1V STEP 1.PLAN SITE ACCESS(p. 13) I STEP 2.DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT(p. 13) { (jV STEP 3.CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE(p. 14) iV STEP 4.DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS(p. 14) i STEP 5.DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE(p. 14) � V STEP 6.DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY(p. 15) STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- tion company.Whoever is responsible must secure state permits from the states. through which the home will pass. Site Preparation.The home In planning the route,avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the manufacturer has no con- home,such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses,and bridges not suitable trol over the site planning for the load.Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow and installation of the home branches, bushes,or other foliage to scrape against the home as the home is moved to unless the manufacturer is the site.Avoid ditches,berms,steep slopes,and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes responsible for the home's and soft spots into which the transporter's wheels may sink.Avoid moving over steep installation. Final responsi- changes in grade(20 degrees or more). bility for site preparation, If required, provide for home storage and staging areas on the site.Plan the delivery including soil stability and and staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, frost heave control,lies with home sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate the installer.An improperly sequence.Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively ma- prepared site may result in Cn neuvered during the installation process. Plan for temporary needs,such as dump- the denial of a foundation- sters, portable toilets, crew parking,delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer de- related warranty claim. r liveries. Z m Before moving the manufactured home to the site,inform the LAHJ and make sure the n site is prepared and utilities are available. O O STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT The home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home =1 location and layout in compliance with the regulations researched in Getting Started, / Z STEP 5.CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS(p. 8). Contact utilities for Fire separation.Comply Z locations of existing infrastructure,such as underground cables, pipes, and electrical with any LAHJ fire separa- tion requirements or the re- D When planning the site improvements,consider the following: quirements NFPA 501A, D • The home location should be level. 2003 edition(Chapter 6). > • Avoid contact with large trees,steep slopes, poorly drained areas,and poten- tial flood zones. Z • Preserve trees and shrubs for shade,visual screens,and windbreaks. D Z • Plan the driveway, parking areas,septic,well,other structures, and utility D lines. r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 13 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#05 Conforms to HUD MHCSS • Consider future additions,such as screen rooms, porches,and awnings. 1/15/09 • Site the home away from natural water paths. STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE Trim overhanging foliage considering future growth, potential storms,swaying in wind and snow/ice-weighted branches. Remove organic material such as vegetation,wood, roots,twigs,dead branches,grass, and brush from directly under the home. Remove Site drainage.Moisture un- any debris that could become termite infested from the site and surrounding area. Re- der the home can result in move all other debris from the home location, including roots from beneath footing Iota- structural damage to the tions. Properly dispose of all items. floor system and other Crown the site(Figure 4)away from the foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum parts of the home. Failure slope of 1/2 inch per foot.Where property lines,walls,slopes,or other physical condi- to provide adequate tions prohibit this slope,provide the site with drains,swales,or grading to drain water slope/drainage can result in away from the structure.Any fill required to grade the site should be inorganic"con- moisture-related problems trolled fill"applied in a maximum of four inch layers,compacted between each layer to such as mold,mildew,and at least 90%of its maximum relative density. Direct runoff away from the site using erosion. ditches and berms(Figure 5). If the home will have skirting,start grading from two feet in from the edge of the home. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure 5.Direct runoff away F-1 y from the home House y y � yyyyy y y Arrows Indicate direction of water flow. Grade the ground so that water under porches,decks,and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible,use other methods such as a J drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect un- der the home. Z < The home is suitable for the installation of gutters and downspouts.When gutters and downspouts are installed,direct runoff away from the home. Z O P Q J a STEP 4.. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS 9 Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for Z placement of a home.The design of the home's support system, including footing/pier Z spacing and size,will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil, and if Soil.Inadequate soil bearing O ground anchors are used, by the soil's withdrawal strength. capacity or a support sys- The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: tem mismatched to the soil Ix 0 0The soil must be firm and undisturbed(not previously excavated)or fill com- characteristics can result in IL patted to at least 90%of its maximum relative density. Uncompacted fill will excessive or differential O settlement of the home, settle over time,causing the home to shift and become unlevel. which can cause the home V 0 Fill must not contain large debris.This too will settle over time. w to go out of level,resulting Z a The soil must not be comprised of organic clays or peat.Organic material can in jammed doors and win- decay,causing settlement,and also may harbor pests that can infest the dows,cracks in finishes Yhome. and ruptured plumbing fn connections. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 14 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. i Prepare 405 • The water table must be below the lowest level of the planned support sys- PFS tem/foundation.A soil's bearing capacity can be greatly reduced when it is to Conforms HUD4j� MHCSS saturated with water.Note that water tables may vary with seasonal or cli- 1/15109 mactic conditions. Consult a geologist or the LAHJ if you are unsure of the water table level. • The soil must not be a highly expansive type. Expansive soils can expand when they become saturated with water,causing the home to shift and be- come unlevel. If soils are expansive,contact a registered engineer,or regis- tered architect to assist with the design of the foundation system. Does the soil •• to STEP 5, DETERMINE SOIL FROST • 110� NO, Consult a registered engineer, registered architect, or geologist to determine a suitable soil bearing capacity. STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL-BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE The soil under a home must be capable of withstanding the loads imposed by the weight of the home, its support system and furnishings, as well as any loads imposed by wind,snow,or other climactic conditions. Soil bearing capacity.Sup- SOIL-BEARING CAPACITY port systems on soils with Determine the soil-bearing capacity in pounds per square foot(psf)before designing a bearing capacities less than support system.The higher the capacity(psf),the more weight the soil can hold without 1,000 psf must be designed unduly compressing.As the soil-bearing capacity increases,footings can be reduced in by a registered engineer or size or spaced farther apart. registered architect and approved by the LAHJ. Use one or more of the following methods to determine the site's soil bearing capacity: Limitations of pocket gene- • Test the soil.Hire a registered geologist,registered engineer,or registered trometers.Pocket pene- architect to determine the soil classification and maximum allowable soil bear- trometers do not work on ing capacity by testing the soil in accordance with generally accepted engi- sand or gravel. Use Table neering practice. 4 to determine allowable • Obtain soil records.The local office of the U.S.Department of Agriculture's pressure for these types of Natural Resources Conservation Service(www.soils.usda.gov)and/or the soils. If you encounter a Cn LAHJ may have test results and/or soil analyses on file for the area. layer of gravel,test the soil under the gravel.Do not • Conduct a pocket penetrometer test.Use a pocket penetrometer to esti- r' mate allowable soil-bearing capacity as follows: put the penetrometer on stones larger than its tip as m 1. Select a location that will be under a footing. this will provide an inaccu- 0 2. Clear an area of a minimum of one square foot at least four inches deep rate reading. 0 or to the depth of the bottom of the planned footing. O 3. Using the instructions provided with the pocket penetrometer,take at 0 least five readings. 4. Discard the high and low readings and average the remaining readings. p Round this result down to the nearest soil-bearing value shown in the Z right column of Table 4. Z 5. Confirm that the rounded result matches the soil description on Table 4. co • Determine soil-bearing value by visual examination.If one of the options r above is not available,the values on Table 4 can be used to establish soil- y bearing capacity by visual examination.This method provides lower capacity —� values than the options above.Accurate soil identification typically requires special training or expertise.An engineer or building code official may be able Z to assist in classifying the soil found on the site. y Z C D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 15 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Prepare TABLE 4.SOIL-BEARING CAPACITY BY SOIL TYPE4j�PFS#05 Conforms to Soil Type ' Allowable Pressure HUD MHCSS Rock or hard pan(class 1) 4,000 1/15109 Sandy gravel and gravel;very dense and/or cemented sands; 2,000 course gravel/cobbles;preloaded silts,clays and coral(class 2) Sand;silty sand;clayey sand;silty gravel;medium dense course 1,500 sands;sandy gravel;very stiff silt,sand clays(class 3) Clay,sandy clay,silty clay,clayey silt(classes 4A and 46) 1,000 Uncompacted fill,peat,organic clays(class 5) Professional testing required Note to table:No allowances made for overburden pressure,embedment depth,water table height,or settlement problems.. • Use default capacity. Use an allowable pressure of 1,500 psf,unless site- specific information requires the use of lower values based on soil classifica- tion and type according to Table 4. Note that soil types may vary across a home site. In this case,the soil with the lowest bearing capacity should be assumed when designing the support system.Keep a re- cord of the soil-bearing capacity value;it will be used later to design the home's sup- port system. FROST LINE In climates subject to ground freezing,consult the LAHJ,a registered engineer,or reg- istered architect to determine the depth of the frost line. Figure 6 may be used as a guideline when there is no specific local determination.Keep a record of the frost depth; it will be used later to design the home's support system. 2' Figure 6.Average frost 3' 415'67' 7' 6'5' penetration depth(in feet) 4' 3' Of 3' 3' 2' J D ; Z o' Z 0 a J J Z_ Will this installation •- •- ground anchors? Z 110� YES, go to STEP 6, DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING • • O • •• • • Foundation, • 28).CL 0 CL Torque Probe.Before using 0 STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPAC- the torque probe,check 0 with the utility companies ua ITY for the location of under- Z When using auger-type ground anchors to tie down the home,first,use a torque probe ground cables or pipes to } to determine the anchor-holding strength of the soil on the site. avoid contact with the Y probe shaft. Use a torque probe with a shaft of sufficient length to test the soil at the depth of the Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 16 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Prepare anchor helical plate.Augur the probe into the ground,and following the probe manufac- ���#05 turer's instructions,take the torque wrench reading in the area where the anchors will4j� 0 be installed and at the depth of the anchor helix. If the soil varies in consistency across Conforms to the site,then use the lowest reading. Based on this reading; consult the anchor manu- aun Macs facturer's charts to select the anchor type(s). 1/15109 What .- of supportinstallation 0,- For load-bearing perimeter wall, go to Construct Foundation, (p. 28) 1110- For pier and ground anchor, go to Install Footings, (p. 18) -C r z m n O X O X D O z z fn D r r D O z D z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 17 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Install • • 1509om�, Confor to HUD MHCSS Install Footings 1115109 This chapter provides instructions for the design and construction of individual footings that transfer the load from a single pier to the ground.A footing and pier together(discussed in Set the Home)is referred to as a"support."A footing may also be designed to carry the load of multiple piers(often called"strip'footings).The design of strip footings is not cov- ered in this manual. Follow the Steps • - • STEP 1.DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS(p. 18) i s STEP 2.DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS(Homes Without Perimeter Blocking)(p.21) STEP 3.DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS(Homes With Perimeter Blocking)(p.22) j STEP 4.SELECT FOOTING MATERIALS(p.23) 1 STEP 5.SIZE FOOTINGS(p.23) STEP 6.INSTALL FOOTINGS(p.26) I STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS All homes will need supports,and therefore footings, under the frame, marriage line (for multi-section homes), exterior wall openings and other heavy point loads. The home manufacturer may have provided a blocking diagram(or tags,labels, paint High roof loads.For roof or other markings under the home)indicating the required locations and/or loads for loads of 40 psf or greater, perimeter, marriage line and/or frame supports specifically for this home. If so,the dia- a registered engineer or gram or tags take precedence over the directions provided in this manual. registered architect must Create a sketch of the home that includes the exterior walls,the frame I-beams and the determine the maximum marriage line(s), if a multi-section home.The sketch will be used in this chapter to lo- marriage wall opening cate each support,and note the size of the corresponding footing.Figure 7 is an ex- permitted without pier or ample of such a support plan. other supports. Door Piers Figure 7.Example of sup- Perimeter Blocking Piers I-Beam Frame Members (if required) \i port plan J Q Z Z Frame Piers Z O Marriage Wall Piers H J J I-- Z o c ]-Beam Frame Frame Piers Z 0_ I— 0 Porch Post Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers a, Door Piers (if required) 0 U As the location and load for each support is determined, note it on the sketch.When Z selecting locations for supports, keep in mind that increasing the spacing between sup- ports will increase the load on that support and the size of the required footing. Y rn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 18 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Install Footings DETERMINE LOCATIONS ARFS.,#05 Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to Conforms to the foundation at a specific point.Locate a support under each point load, including the aun MHcss following examples: 1/15/09 • Exterior doors on side walls at both sides of each door(blocking is not re- quired at exterior doors on non-bearing end walls). • Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each open- ing(including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without inter- mediate supports,even if individual windows are less than four feet). • Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. • Locations where through-the-rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the marriage line and perimeter blocking is required(not required if the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). • , Marriage line columns. • Load-bearing porch posts. • Under heavy(400 Ibs or greater)items,such as heavy furniture,waterbeds, fireplaces and large fish tanks. Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch.Supports are not required where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor(such as with additional outriggers or floorjoists)and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. Figure 8 and Figure 9 identify typical point load support locations. Door Piers Figure 8. Typical point-load I-Beam Frame support locations Marriage Wall Piers Cn r o z m n O O 0 Porch Post Piers p Door Piers z Z CD D r r D O z D z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 19 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FootingsInstall PFS#®5 conforms to 1/15/09 Door or opening less Figure 9. Typical point-load than 48"in width Combined span A+B support locations along the Ride Beam marriage line Column post or wall less than 16"In width T.LF� Span D Span C San B Span A `�� ���01'G R•��/��''� 0.11 11 If 11 11 11 PE19600312 • . _ - — — -_ ___:Main ______ _--_ = STATE OF •A_.= MOM I-Beam _ - --- --- _____ _ Footin Footings sized fors ans C r%wi°E3 Footin s — — - Footin— - Foolins- - ---= Footing sized f respectively. sized for pfr sizedfor - sized S nfAr SpanD wall Span sized B Span A+e wi is dth, co combined span C+D with a single pier) Jeffrey T.Legault 2009.01.09 11:26:23-05'00' CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 5 to determine the loads on point-load supports. For each support,find the columns with the appropriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row(s)corre- sponding to the span (see Figure 9 for guidance on determining spans). The number in the columns under the"M"and"P"headings are the loads for supports along the marriage line and perimeter respectively(point loads in the center of a sec- tion, i.e.not along a marriage line or perimeter wall,require the load in the"P"column). Interpolation for openings between those shown in the table is permitted. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. TABLE 5. LOAD ON POINT-LOAD FOOTINGS Roof load zone and maximum section width tEl'itarel grgilmo North(40 . 1010 720 1100 770 1200 830 1250 860 1370 930 1500 1000 1490 1000 1640 1090 1800 1180 1720 1130 1900 1240 2100 1350 2200 1410 2440 1560 2700 1700 2670 1690 2970 1870 3300 2050 J ®2430 1550 2700 1710 3000 1880 3140 1960 3500 2180 3900 2400 3850 2380 4300 2650 4800 2930 Q 3140 -- 3500 — 3900 — 4090 -- 4570 — 5100 — 5040 — 5640 -- 6300 Q m 3850 4300 -- 4800 -- 5040 -- 5640 -- 6300 -- 6220 - 6970 7800 - m 4560 — 5100 — 5700 5980 -- 6700 - 7500 — 7400 - 8300 — '9300 - 0 -- - - - - -- -- - -- - -- -- F- J aM=Marriage line,P=Perimeter H Z Determine from the data plate and/or other documents if the home re- Z quires perimeter • • • O 00, If perimeter blocking • required, •• to STEP 2, DESIGN IX 1110- If perimeter blocking is required, go to STEP 3, DESIGN FRAME a. AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking), < FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking), (p.21). O • V w z J } Y N Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 20 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. �P�nforms'o#oInstall Footings 7 HUD MHCSS 1115/09 STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Pe- rimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS i // All homes require regularly spaced supports along all main frame 1-beams.Select spacing between supports and sketch them on the support plan. Keep in mind that Spacing frame supports. frame supports under homes with 8"deep I-beams may be no more than eight feet There must be a support apart.Those under homes with 10"or 12"deep kbeams may be no more than 10 feet located near the end of apart. Generally,greater distances between supports will require larger footings. each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 Figure 10 shows typical frame support locations. inches of beam past the edge of the support. Door Piers Figure 10. Typical support I-Beam Frame Members locations for homes not re- quiring regularly spaced pe- rimeter supports Frame Piers Marriage Wall Piers El p I-Beam Frame Frame Piers Porch Post Piers `\`���11��Iilt�rri�rrr� Door Piers . EY T LF��G���i' `. GISTER O•.��.� Cn CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 6 to determine the loads on frame supports. Find the column with the ap- _ = PE19600312 r propriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row corresponding to the selected _ i _ m support spacing.The number in the intersecting cell is the load. 0 % STATE OF •r�1Z\ n Loads on all frame supports can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. �'i,��.o '.�!�OIAN�•�•���`'���`� spacing However, if different d be c support spacings re used then each support with a different P 9 �Mnnntl� JeffreyT.Legault D Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 2009.01.0911:26:11- osoo' TABLE 6.LOAD ON FRAME SUPPORTS FOR HOMES NOT REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING Z FRoof load zone and max.section width Z South t ..le(3t t 22 2460 2720 3000 2740 3030 3350 3020 3350 3700 > 3540 3930 4340 3960 4400 4870 43BO 4870 5390 p 4620 5130 5690 5180 5760 6390 5740 6390 7090 Z 1 5700 6340 7030 6400 7120 7910 7100 7910 8780 D Z C D .. to STEP 4. SELECT FOOTINGMATERIALS r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 21 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. ��s • • • Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS /, Depending on design and location,some homes require regularly spaced perimeter supports along all of the sidewalls and marriage walls in addition to frame supports. This will be indicated on the data plate and/or documents included with the home. Spacing frame supports. If required, perimeter supports are only needed on bearing walls. Bearing walls are There must be a support those walls that support the ends of roof trusses or rafters(typically sidewalls and mar- located near the end of riage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalls of tag units). each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 To minimize the number of required perimeter supports,space them evenly between inches of beam past the point load supports as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12(but not under spans).These edge of the support. figures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. Door Piers Figure 11. Typical support Perimeter Blocking Piers I-Beam Frame Members locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Frame Piers F3 F3 F3 B B F3>R R Marriage Wall Piers El R o I-Beam Frame Frame Piers Porch Post Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers Door Piers Q Figure 12. Typical marriage Door or opening less Combined span A+B line support locations for a than 48"in width homes requiring perimeter Ridge Beam supports O Column pastor wall less than 16"in width F- J Span C San B San A aMain I-Beam Z fflp Marriage line Footings �, - Marriage line Footing Footing r £,'. T Footing supports ""'"`""""""-" sized for '""""'"` support "" sized far�`""`"`"` sized for """" sized for Span C Span B Span A+B Span A IX CL JX O CALCULATE LOADS 0 Use Table 7 to determine the loads on frame and perimeter supports for homes requir- w z ing perimeter blocking. Find the column with the appropriate roof load(Table 3)and ,i section width. Find the group of rows corresponding to the selected support spacing. YThe values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame,perimeter,and marriage line supports respectively. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 22 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Install Footings Loads on supports of a given type(frame, perimeter,or marriage)can be assumed to AMR be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used a then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. c°°roans to PP P 9HUD MHCSS Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 12/16/09 TABLE 7.LOAD ON FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS FOR HOMES REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING South i . i . i . 211111 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1530 1660 1850 1810 1970 2200 2090 2290 2550 2460 2720 3110 2940 3270 3730 3410 3810 4350 211111 1660 1890 2010 1660 1890 2010 1660 1890 2010 11M Mill 2150 2340 2630 2560 2810 3150 3000 3280 3680~ 3540, 3930 4510 4250 4750 5440_ 4960 5570 6370 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 11M Mill 2760 3020 3400 3310 3640 4100 3870 , 4270 4800 4620 5130 5910 5570 6230 7150 6520 7320 8390 2560 _ 2940 3150 2660 2940 3150 2560 2940 3150 111=Mill 3370 3690 4180 4070 4480 5050 4760 5260 5930 5700 6340 7310 6800 7710 8860 8070 9070 10410 STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIAL Select one of the products and materials from Table 8 for the footings. TABLE 8.FOOTING MATERIALS Material Appropriate Use Specification 6"thick poured-in-place concrete pads,slabs,or ribbons with at least a 28 Poured concrete All soil types day compressive strength of 3,000 psi.Cast-in-place concrete footings may also require reinforcing steel based on acceptable engineering practice,the design loads,and site specific soil conditions. Minimum 4"thick nominal precast concrete pads meeting or exceeding ASTM C Pre-cast concrete All soil types 90-02a,Standard Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units,without reinforcement,with at least a 28-day compressive strength of 2,500 psi. X Use in accordance with the pad manufacturer's instructions.Must be certified for r ABS plastic Stable soils use in the soil classification at the site,listed and labeled for the required load ca- Z pacity. m n Proprietary systems Consult system manufac- Consult system manufacturer. 0 turer Two layers of nominal 2-inch thick wood x 24"maximum length,pressure-treated 0 Stable soils Pressure-Treated Lum- with a water borne preservative,in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use D ber Category 4B ground contact applications. Cut ends of pressure treated lumber —{ must be field treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4-02. p Single layer of nominal%inch thick maximum 16 inch x 16 inch,or two layers of% Z Pressure-Treated Ply- inch thick for sizes greater than 16 inch x 16 inch. Rated exposure 1 or exterior N wood Stable soils sheathing in accordance with PS-1-07 Construction and Industrial Plywood. Pres- __q sure-treated in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category 4B ground-contact applications. r r T.LEA ���i -Di P G1STEjq 9G��: z PE19600312 = . = Z STATE OF D iONA1`EN\`\��� 12/15/20092:45:41 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) IA6�.e ° 20e sizis /" 14:46:41-05'00' 23 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Install Footings 4j�4S#a Conforms to HUD MHCSS Will footings •' • 12/16/09 •• to STEP 5, SIZE FOOTING, • 1110 NO, see footing system manufacturer's instructions. For on-grade footings,the ground moisture barrier may be installed now—see Complete ExteriorWork, • MOISTURE STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS Frost protection.when se- Once the load on the footing and the soil-bearing capacity are known,calculate the lecting footing materials, size of each footing as follows: bear in mind the need for 1. From Table 9 determine if the pier is to be of single-stack blocks(8 inch x16 frost protection.Not all foot- inch)or double-stack blocks(16 inch x 16 inch)pier. ing materials are suitable for freezing climates. 2. Locate the group of rows in Table 10 with the soil-bearing capacity deter- mined in Prepare the Site,STEP 5.DETERMINE SOIL-BEARING CAPAC- ITY AND FROST LINE(p. 15). Use the next lowest value if the exact value does not appear. 3. Read across the table to determine the minimum required footing area and the minimum footing thickness for the corresponding footing type(single or double-stacked blocks). 4. The required footing size may be changed by selecting another support spac- ing(Table 6 or Table 7). TABLE 9. PIER CONFIGURATION Configuration ft Less than 36 in(except corner Single-stack blocks with long side g,000 lbs. piers more than 3 blocks high) perpendicular to I-beam _ Frame Between 36 in and 67 in and cor- Double,interlocked blocks 16,000 Ibs` ner piers over 3 blocks high Over 67 in Double,interlocked blocks 1.6,000 lbs. Perimeter 54 in or less Single-stack blocks with long side 8,000 lbs. parallel to perimeter rail(rim joist) J _ Single-stack blocks with long side 54 in or less 8,000 lbs. perpendicular to the marriage line Z Q Z O F- Q J J Q fn Z Z O 1= Q lY O a W. O U W Z J } Y rn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 12/8/20092:37:07 PM 24 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FS#os .A Install Footings Conforms to HUV MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 10.FOOTING DIMENSIONS footing8 in.x 16 in.pier(single-stack 16 in.x 16 in.pier(double-stack blocks) blocks) Minimum Foot- Area(sq.in.) (in) capaci 256 16 x 16 4 800 4 800 512 - 16 x 32 4 1600 4 1600 324—i- 18 x 18 — 4 1010 -4 1010500 a 400 20 x 20 4 1250 4 1250 576 ----l 24 x 24 A 4 - 1800------ 4 --_----1800 -- 900 - 30 x 30 4 2810 -v - - 4 2810-i 256 16 x 16 4 1680 4 1680 512 16 x 32 4 3370 4 -3370 1000 324 18 x 18 4 2130 -4 e 2130 400 20 x 20 4 2630 4 2630 576 24 x 24 4 3800 4 3800 900 30 x 30 4 5930 4 5930 256 16 x16 4 2570 4 2570 512 16 x 32 4 - 5150 - 4 - 'V 5150 324 --- 18 x 18-- 4---_---3260 --------~-4 ---�-. 3260 ---- 1500 400 20 x 20 4 4020 4 4020 576 -^i24 x 24 ---i 4 —^--_---5800 -4- 5800 -- 900 30 x 30 6 8000 Y 6 -8910 256 16 x16 4 3460 4 3460 512 16 x 32 6 6840 6 ,- 6840 324 18 x 18 4 4380 4 4380 400 20 x 20 4 5410 4 5410 576 24 x 24 6 7700 6 7700 900 30 x 30 6 8000 6 12030 256 ----16 x 16 4 J4350 - -_ 4 v_ 4350 Cn 512 - -- 16 x 32 --_-`- 6 ---_-8000 — -6-- -- 8620 7 324 18 x 18 4 5510 4 5510 r 400 20 x 20 4 6800 4 6800 M 576 `-----24 x 24 -- 6-� 8000 --- 6'---_-~--9700--- --- n O 900 30 x 30 N- 8 8000 8 -^ 15000 X 256 16 x16 4 5240 4 5240 _ 0 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 10400 > 324 18 x18 4 6630 4 6630 5 +i+ Z 400 20 x 20 4 8000 4 8190 - _ Z 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 11700 (A 900 30 x 30 8 8000 8 16000 D Note:The capacity values listed have been reduced by the dead load of the concrete footing. +++++t++lltnurr„� D Design footings to comply with the following additional requirements: T"LEG�G�''' !G . 'LISTER'•. • Design each footing at least slightly larger than the base of the pier it sup- r Pe19600312 Z ports. • To keep footings directly under]-beams and other support points,size them STATE OF �� Z slightly larger than the minimum required area to allow slight adjustment of %�°o':!N°iAN?: `�,�° C D the pier location during home installation. '''%�SS�oNALEN��```� • Design footings with a footing extension(projection beyond the base of the 009.01.0911:25:36-05,00, 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 25 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Install ' ' PFS#05 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 12/16/09 Figure 13.Maximum foot- ing extensions 16"Black a° s" 1 TW� 24" Footing Extends N O Extends By More 16" 16" NO YESByltsThickness Than Its Thickness 24" 16" OrLess / YES 4\ Split Footing Extends Split Footing Extends YES.Less Than One Thins NO More Than One Thins Its Width Its Width • The footing sizes shown are for square pads and are based on the surface area n�nuuu (square inches). Design non-square footings such that the area and depth is \\�;���� l T.L eJ// equal to or greater than the area and depth of the square footing shown in �.` FQ��. FGy Table 10,and the distance from the edge of the pier to the edge of the footing is ��`��,X.. G4ST�j� not more than the thickness of the footing. ?� �;•Q� FO`; • For four-inch thick unreinforced precast concrete footings,use the minimum PE19600312 footing size for the six-inch cast-in-place footing from Table 10. o '• STATE OF 1 TABLE 10A.FOOTING EQUIVALENTS %9p��. //yDIAN��.•��i�\�� ConcreteUnreinforced Round Cast-in- N 16 x 16 Pre-Cast Place Concrete 2xl2x24 Treated %/O*N*`I1 Cast-in Place Concrete Size Jeff Leg ault 16 x 16 Single 20 Single � 2009.12.08 14:48:21 -05'00' 20x 20 Double 24 Double 24 x 24 Quad 28 Triple 30 x 30 Quad 36 J Q Z STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS Construct the footings as follows: Z 0 Maintain the distance between adjacent piers to within 10%of the tabulated 0 spacing and so the average distance between any adjacent spans is equal to or Placing Concrete an- J less than the tabulated spacing. chors.If anchors will be QWhenever possible, place point load supports directly under the required loca- placed in concrete,follow tions. If plumbing, electrical, mechanical equipment interferes,place supports instructions in Install no more than 6 inches in either direction of the support point. Stabilizing System(p. ? 65)to determine anchor Z Recess perimeter blocking supports and perimeter point load supports no more layout. Either place an- 0 than 10 inches from the edge of the floor with added support as shown in chors immediately after F Figure 14. the concrete has been Q Opoured or drill them in af- 0. ter the concrete has set. O 0 W Z J Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 12/8/20092:38:03 PM 26 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. 7AFS#05 Install Footings Conforms to HUD MHCSS 12/16/09 4x4Or2-2x4'SOn Edge(Nailed Figure 14.Perimeter sup- Together)Spanning M1nimum2 ports Exterior Wag Floor Joists Floor Rim Plate Typical Floor Joist Pier Pier 10"Max setback From Edge Of Floor • If footings are rectangular,orient them so that the long side is perpendicular to the home's I-beam. I • Place the bottom of footings on undisturbed soil or fill compacted to at least 90%of its maximum relative density. Excavation. If • In freezing climates protect footings from the effects of frost heave in accor- excavation is required, dance with any LAHJ requirements(see Prepare the Site,p. 13). Place the mark the footing locations bottom of the footings below the frost line(insulated foundations and monolithic on the ground with stakes slabs are other frost protection options not covered in this manual). before beginning to dig. • Make sure the top surface of the footing is level,flat,and smooth. In accordance with the American Concrete Institute publication ACI-308, maintain curing measures before construction or installation onto the concrete footing begins,until a minimum of 70%of the specified 28-day compressive strength has been achieved.The ACI recommended time to attain this level of strength is seven days for ASTM C150 Type 1 mixtures and 10 days for Type II mixtures. Full design live and dead loads may not be applied until the 28-day duration has elapsed for achieving full strength. Figure 14A.Footing pads. l 1s• ... .. i 'sy _ M1`,` ..E \`\`\�P�.l T.LF�9 ��. G .,� Single Pad Footing ;' �:' �. 'v :�G'STFj��.• ��'� ca ca Double Pad Fobtirig. !; PE19600312 _ r Z Load distributing pad for support = • • — m Quad Pad Footing 'o ' STATE OF - Q 0 16"x 16"Plywood Pad Footings or 0�'••;/^/DIANP,:'�kr��.` X 16"x 16"x 4"Concrete Pad Footings ''pFS+S,;oNA,... \`J\ III i Load distributing 2009.12.15!` Jeff Legault /fQ 'A( O 1•. pad for support i 7! ^`7 Z 24' 4• D r Sinqle Pad Footing ; Double Pad Fgoting r —I O Triple Pad Footing Z E 2"x 12"x 24"Lumber Pad Footings Z C 00- D .• to . r 12/15/20093:19:34 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 27 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. ConstructPFS #°5 Foundation Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD-BEARING PERIMETER WALL) This chapter provides guidelines and recommendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foundation using a load-bearing perimeter wall.A load-bearing perimeter wall foundation system uses a wall along the outer edge of the home to support the home's outside walls.This perimeter support works with interior supports such as piers,columns,and cross beams that support the home's frame and, if multi-section, marriage line. Follow the Steps • - • i 4 STEP 1.OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN(p.28) I STEP 2.EXCAVATE(p.28) STEP 3.CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB(p.28) V STEP 4.CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL(p.28) STEP 5.INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS(p.29) STEP 6.WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL(p.29) l STEP 7.BACKFILL AND GRADE(p.29) STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN If a load-bearing perimeter wall foundation design has not been provided by the home manufacturer,it is the responsibility of the retailer and/or home owner to provide a de- / / A sign approved by an engineer or architect, licensed in the state where the home will be Using engineered designs. installed.The approved design must comply with the LAHJ regulations for foundation design,waterproofing,and drainage,and the following: This section is NOT in- tended to provide a com- • The foundation perimeter bearing wall must be supported with a concrete slab plete design for a buildable or continuous strip footing around the perimeter of the home. Interior piers foundation. A complete must be supported by a slab or footings. If footings are used under interior design must be obtained piers,they may be designed as in Prepare Footings, p. 18. that is suitable for the local • Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. area and sealed by a pro- Footings and slabs must be protected from the effects of frost heave by ex- fessional engineer or regis- tered architect, licensed in tending the footings to or below the frost line or by using a frost protected the state. z shallow foundation design. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to z STEP 2. EXCAVATE be installed on a basement O Excavate for the foundation, properly disposing of the earth that is not needed for or a crawlspace have been J backfill or site-grading purposes. ordered with a recessed frame or as foundation- STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTINGS OR SLAB ready,where the frame is Z Construct the foundation according to the approved design, including the perimeter designed to avoid interfer- foundation wall,drainage system,footing(s),and/or slab. ence with the foundation z wall. O STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL Checking the water table. � Unless the approved design requires otherwise,construct the perimeter wall with mor- For basements,check for a O tared and reinforced concrete blocks or reinforced poured-in-place concrete. Install re- high water table.The water a table may vary seasonally W inforcement according to the approved design or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access ondi- O openings according to the approved design,or if not specified,according to the re- or based on weather per- 0 quirements in Complete Under the Home,STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING(p.97). tions.A geologist can er- W form an algae test to de- z When constructing pockets for an H-beam system, measure the beam depth and lo- termine the water table } cate the pockets carefully. It is critical that when the home's frame rests on top of the level.The foundation de- fX H-beam,the perimeter of the floor rests squarely on the foundation wall sill plate Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 28 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5Construct �cl onforms to Foundation 1/15/09 (Figure 15). Leave room for a two-inch nominal,pressure treated wood spacer on top sign must account for a of the wall pockets(to prevent corrosion,the steel beams must not be in direct contact high water table. with concrete).Leave at least one inch for thermal expansion at the ends of the beams Level the wall.Make sure and maintain a minimum of two inches of bearing area for the beams in the pockets the foundation is level and (yielding a minimum pocket depth of three inches). straight with no more than a Bolt a pressure treated wood sill plate(minimum 2 x 6)to the top of the foundation 1/4 inch vertical variation wall. If the home's siding cannot be nailed through,use a 2 x 10 sill plate that extends over the entire foundation into the foundation 1-1/4 inches(Figure 16).The home can then be connected to the and no more than 1/8 inch foundation by fastening the sill plate into the floor joists from below.Connect the home vertical variation over any to the foundation according to the approved design. Recess nuts into the sill plate and two-foot length. cut off the ends of bolts so they do not project above the sill plate and interfere with the Check for Plates.When us- placement of the home. ing an H-beam system, check and compensate for reinforcement plates that add thickness to the chas- sis beam at axle locations. Figure 15.H-beam installa- tion Floor Floor Joist Figure 16. Connection using Pressure Treated 2 x 10 sill plate Chassis Sill Plate Main 1-Beam - 2 x 10 d- S01 Plate Transverse _ H-beam Fastener Limits ofexca- Pressure ; vation.When a crane will Treated Plale 8 x 8 x 1Einch be used,excavate no more + Concrete Block Foundation °- Wag than two feet outside the foundation perimeter. Un- excavated ground will pro- STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS vide a more stable base for Install piers,columns and H-beams to support the interior of the home according to the the crane. approved design. Footing heights.Pour foot- ings to a height that will re- STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL duce the need to cut blocks or shim when building peri- Damp proof the foundation wall no less than up to the height of the planned backfill. meter walls and piers.. N Is this a basement foundation? -�G 100- YES, •• to • 1 Z m 00- NO, •• to • Backfilling.Backfill against 0 basement walls only after 0 the home is connected to 'o STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE the foundation or the O Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not basement walls may deflect D damage the drainage system. Grade the fill as per Prepare the Site(p. 13). inward or collapse. = O Z Does the approved foundation design call for ground anchors? Cn .. . Install Stabilizing Systems, (p. 65). • .. 1 r D O Z D Z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 29 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Set the Home PF�Conlor HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Set the Home This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home(for single section homes this is the only sec- tion)onto the foundation. Follow the Steps • - • STEP 1.PREPARE FOR SET(p.30) JV STEP 2.POSITION HOME SECTION(p.30) STEP 3.LIFT HOME(p.30) f 1 I STEP 4.CONSTRUCT PIERS(p.32) STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Before beginning the home set,complete the following: • Confirm that the site is properly cleared and graded(see Prepare the Site,p. / • /, 13. Clearances under the • Ensure that the footings are in place and properly located. home.After the home is • Install any utilities that will be difficult to install(e.g.those below grade be- leveled,the resulting dis- neath the home)after the home is in place. tance between the bottom of the entire chassis main • Secure or remove from the home and properly store all ship loose items(refer frame beam and the to shipping documents for items shipped with the home). ground must be no less • Inspect the home interior,exterior and all provided materials, appliances,and than 12 inches. equipment. Immediately report any damage or shortages to the manufacturer. Utilize proper cribbing. • The ground moisture retarder may be installed now or after the home is com- Manufactured homes plete.See Complete Exterior Work,STEP 2.INSTALL GROUND MOIS- weigh several tons.No TURE RETARDER(p.96)for requirement and then return here. one should be under the home(whether it is mov- For perimeter bearing wall foundations: ing or stationary)unless • Check that the length and width of the home match with the foundation walls. proper cribbing is in place (Figure 17). Failure to util- • Check that the two main diagonal measurements of the foundation are equal. ize proper cribbing may • Check that the foundation walls and other support points are within 1/4 inch of result in serious injury or Qlevel overall and within 1/8 inch of level within any four foot distance. death. Z0 For multi-section homes,check that each pair of diagonal measurements for each portion of the foundation corresponding to a home section are equal. Z 9 For multi-section homes,find the electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear p outriggers. Reverse them to the inside of the outrigger using star washers so Qthey will be accessible after the home is placed on the foundation walls. If using an H-beam system, remove the frame's shackle hanger if it will inter- @Leveling during a fere with proper placement of the beam. jacking. Keep the home's floor as level as possible Z STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION during jacking.Twisting or Z Position the home section in its final location(if possible, move the heaviest section of warping the floor can dam- 0 the home into place first).Then place materials needed to construct support piers near age the structure and finish- F= ing. Use as many jacks as Q their final locations under the home as determined in Prepare Footings,(p. 18). necessary to keep the floor a STEP 3. LIFT HOME flat and level. pThere are three primary methods available to place the home on the foundation:jack- 0 ing,rolling and craning.Jacks,often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and W anchor foundations;roller systems are commonly used for crawlspace foundations with Z t load-bearing perimeter walls;and cranes are most commonly used for basement foun- >- dations. Y W Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 30 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Set the Home JACKS ���#OS If jacks are to be used,comply with all jacking safety precautions and the procedure � below. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with ut- conforms to most care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in HUD MHCSS serious injury or death.Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the 1i15i09 home with jacks. JACKING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS No one should be under the home's I-beams while the jacks are being oper- ated or while the home is supported only on the jacks. • Use jacks only for raising the home. Do not rely on the jacks to support the home. • If possible, raise the home only on one side so that the other side is in contact with the ground. Leave the hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing equipment. Obey all OSHA regulations. • Make sure adequate safety cribbing(Figure 17)is in place whenever the home is placed on jacks. • Use a minimum of two commercial quality jacks,each with a rating of at least 12 tons. j • Jack only on the main chassis I-beam,centering jacks directly under the I beam. IZ0 Do not jack on a seam (joint between flanges of twin I-beams). • To distribute the concentrated loads from jacks to I-beam, place a minimum 3/8-inch thick steel plate, a C-channel, a 1'/z-inch thick hardwood block or a commercial jacking plate, between the main chassis I-beam and the jack head. • Locate the jack base on firm ground. Never jack on freshly disturbed soil or where an underground sewer pipe may be located. • Use a firm support under the jack base to prevent tipping or settling of the jack.; A minimum 16"x 16"or larger wood or rigid fiberglass pad is recommended. Never use concrete blocks as a support for a jack. Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: 1. Block wheels.Block the wheels so the house does not roll. 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing(Figure 17). — — — — — Figure 17.Stack 4"x 6"by 5' < - long timbers as shown to form r safety timbers. Place safety Z timbers under home behind m axle area and under hitch. n O .a D 3. Level lengthwise.Locate one jack at the hitch and level the section length- p wise(such that the front and rear of the section are at the same height). Z 4. Locate frame jacks.Place a minimum of one jack just forward of the first Z spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on I the side of the home that is lowest(making sure not to place jacks where the piers will go). Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 rD feet from each end of the I-beam. 5. Lift the home.Operating the jacks simultaneously(or sequentially in very small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final Z Z desired pier height. D Z ROLLER SYSTEMS c When using a roller system,comply with the equipment manufacturer's directions and the following sequence: 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 31 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Set the Home 1. Establish staging area.Establish a staging area directly adjacent to one or p��#000 5 both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers.Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- 00 conforms to HUD MHCSS turer's directions. t/15/09 3. Fasten bump blocks.Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. 4. Roll home.Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks.Remove the blocks before installing the next section of a multi-section home. CRANES When using a crane,follow these guidelines: • Position the home section(s)and crane(taking the boom reach into consid- eration)such that they do not have to be repositioned during the set. • Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. • Place straps under walls or posts,including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift,to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys- tem, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. • Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s)need not be lifted over previously set sections. Have the interior foundation supports already been designed and installed as part of an approved load-bearing perimeter wall foundation? 1110� YES, .. to • or .• to Connect • for . - section homes. 00, • .• to STEP 4. CONSTRUCT • J Q Z STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS Q For the side of the home section that is up on jacks,place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer's blocking plan(or tags). If no plan was provided,use / , / J Z the support plan developed in Install Footings(p. 18).Start at one end of the home � Designing piers.Incorrect section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and size,location or spacing of Q procedure described below. J piers may result in serious Q Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed structural damage to the in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as home. Install piers at all re- co measured from the top of the footing or pad to the top of the cap.See Table'12 for pier quired locations. Failure to do Z construction requirements. so may lead to sagging O floors,walls,and roofs,and F= could void the home's war- Q ranty. X O a. W O U W Z J } Y N Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 32 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. me #osSet the ' Conforms to HUD MHCSS _ TABLE 11.PIER MATERIAL MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS 12/16/09 Component Specification Concrete Block Nominal dimensions of at least 8"x 8"x 16";minimum load 8,000 Ibs;confirming to ASTM designation C90,grade N. Solid masonry(nominal 4"x 8"x 16"pre-cast concrete without reinforcement);pressure treated lumber Caps (nominal 2"x 8"x 16");or steel(minimum 1/2"thick,corrosion protected by a min.of a 10 mil'coating of an exterior paint oi�equivalent). Spacers Nominal 2"thick boards. Shims(also called Hardwood,minimum 4"width by minimum 6"length by maximum 1"thick(nominal);plastic'must be listed with maximumioad.capacity;used in pairs. Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- cal load capacity,and where required by design,for the appropriate horizontal load capacity.Metal or other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of.30 oz per sq.ft of surface coated. With a water borne'preservative,in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category 46 ground contact applications. TABLE 12.PIER CONSTRUCTION Configuration Maximum offset Maximum load Mortar and reinforce- top to bottom ment Less than 36 in(except Single-stack blocks with long , comer piers more than 3 side perpendicular to I-beam YS 8,000 lbs. Not required blocks high) Frame Between 36 in and 67 in 1"('/z'up to 36" and corner piers over 3 Double,interlocked blocks high) 16,000 lbs. Not required blocks high Over 67 in Designed by a registered engineer or registered architect Single-stack blocks with long Yz'up to 36"high, Perimeter 54 in or less* side parallel to perimeter rail 1"over 36"high 8,000 lbs. Not required (rim joist) Single-stack blocks with long ,/2"up to 36"high, 54 in or less* side perpendicular to the 1"over 36"high 8,000 lbs. Not required marriage line Construct perimeter and marriage line piers over 54 inches according to the requirements for frame piers of the same height. 1. Prepare footing surface. Make sure the footing surface upon which the pier C0 sits is flat and smooth.Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks, or other material off the surface of the footing. For cast-in-place concrete foot- r" ings, if the footing surface is uneven,create a level,flat surface by placing a Z treated board on the footing and mortaring on the first block(or manufactured m pier base or placing the first block or manufactured pier base on a layer n P )� Y P 9 ( P� ) Y O of premix dry sand mortar. v 2. Stack blocks.Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. O When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side-by-side,orient each layer at right angles to the previous one(Figure 18)and plan blocks so that split caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and to the I-beam. Z Figure 17A. Multiple Piers. Z Typical metal pier. See Table 11 D Where available piers do not r have the required capacity,two 1 or more piers may be used. The > sum of the pier capacities shall be at least equal to the load Z specified. D Z 4 C D Multiple Piers r 12/8/20093:15:01 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 33 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FS#®5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Figure 18.Frame pier con- struction Main I-Beam Wood Shins to F8 Gaps Up l0 1'Maz Main I-Beam Wood Shims to Fit optional(2)2x6 or Gaps Up to 10 Max (1)2x12 Spacer Optbnal2x6 4x8x16 Concrete Cap Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Typca18x8x16 Cap or 2x8x 16 P.T. Concrete Black or 1-bidmod Cap to Typical 8x8x16 € n Concrete Block �I Typical Footing +' - Typical Fooling ie 3. Cap piers.Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon.When using split caps on double-stacked block piers,install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and to the.main [- beam. Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to 4. Install shims.Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the construct or level piers,al- base of the I-beam and the top of the'pier cap.Always use shims in pairs low it to cure to at least 80% (Figure 19). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of of strength capacity(usually vertical space.When the space to'be shimmed is greater than one inch and requiring 96 hours)before less than the minimum thickness of available caps or concrete blocks, use setting the home. hardwood dimensional lumber(two inches maximum thickness)or 2"or 4" thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lum- ber/blocks over each individual cap. Figure 19.Correct shim QI-Beam placement D Z Q Shims O Spacer Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. Jcap If using a masonry perimeter enclosure,calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using stan Z dard unit dimensions(with- 0 out cutting). a5. Set up level.Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of 0 the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled n piers,adjusting the final height with shims. O USING A WATER LEVEL V A water level is a standard device for leveling the home.The level Z consists of the following components: :30 One container(five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). � Y 150 feet of 1/2 inch diameter plastic tubing. Level the home.The home is adequately leveled if there is Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 34 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Fs#0 Set the Home Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 �• Fittings for container to tubing. no more than 1/4 inch differ- ence between adjacent pier �• Valve for terminal end of tubing. supports(frame or perime- • Liquid for system: colored water in warm climates,windshield ter)and the exterior doors washing fluid in cold climates. and windows of the home do not bind and can be properly i =^ask i operated. ------wa"""=----- — — Water level operation.To operate the water level properly, both ends of the system must be open to the atmosphere.and there must I be approximately the same 1 I i amount of fluid in the tubing at all times(within a few inches). How to use a water level j 1a. Position level.Position the level such that it can reach all piers. b. Place container.Place the container so that the fluid in the con- I { tainer is at the same level as the desired level of the top of the j i supports under the home,allowing for any bracing below the level of the kbeams. c. Uncoil tubing.Uncoil the tubing and fill with fluid,taking care not to introduce bubbles into the hose. Never allow anything to crimp I or crush the tubing so as to impede the free flow of fluid. pd. Bleed air. Hold the valve below the level of the water container; open the valve to bleed out any air and close the valve. e. Establish height.Locate the tubing adjacent to a pier that is set j to the desired final height. Position the valve above the pier and open the valve. Move the water container up or down to where I the water level is at the desired final height of the pier.Maintain f the water container in that position and close the valve. if. Level piers.Move the tubing to the next pier. Hold the valve I above the pier and open it.Set the pier height to the level of the i water in the tubing and close the valve. Repeat this step until all f CD __piers are at the same level,__—___ _—_ A 6. Complete the opposite side.Jack the other side of the section up and install piers following the instructions above.At the completion of this step,the sec- Z tion should be level from front to rear and from side to side. m 7. Install perimeter and marriage line piers. Install perimeter piers and for p multi-section homes, marriage line piers. Position marriage line piers to pro- X vide equal bearing for both mating sections. 0 8. Remove running gear.Remove and store,recycle or properly dispose of the hitch,axles,and wheels.These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. 0 Is this a • - • • Z N •• to •00- NO, go to Complete Multi-Section Set, (p. 36). r D O Z z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 35 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete PFS#°5 Section Set �Confor.0�1. HUD MHCSS Complete Multi-Section Set 1/15/09 This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween units, raising and fastening hinged roofs,and fastening the home to a load-bearing perimeter wall foundation. Follow - . • - • STEP 1.INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS(p.36) STEP 2.REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS(p. 36) STEP 3.COMPLETE HINGED ROOF(p.36) STEP 4.CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET(p. 37) i I ! STEP 5.POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS(p.38) STEP 6.CONNECT FLOORS (p. 39) STEP 7.CONNECT ROOF(p.41) STEP 8.CONNECT WALLS(p.43) STEP 9.ATTACH TAG UNITS (p.45) STEP 10.REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS(p.46) i STEP 11.FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION (p.46) STEP 12.BACKFILL AND GRADE(p.46) STEP 13.BUILD STAIRS (p.46) STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line now; before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System(p.65).After install- / /, ing marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi-Section Set. ZQ Position roof jacks.Posi- < tion jacks vertically to pre- Z STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS vent the jack foot from kick- 0 Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to ing out or sliding. be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation.Do Caution during roof rais- J not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. ing.Do not enter the roof Q cavity during the raising STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF procedure. Z If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, raise the roof us- Checklists for alternate z ing a crane or roof jacks following the procedure below: construction. If the serial O number(see the data plate 1. Position lift points.Position the roof lift points(jacks or crane lift points)fol- Qlowing the jack manufacturer or crane operator instructions.Space roof lift or the chassis front cross points equally along the length of the roof with no more than five feet from the member)has the letters end of the roof to the first or last lift points. Use three lift points for a roof up to "AC"before or after it,then 48 feet long (excluding overhangs),four lift points for up to 60 feet,and five lift the Alternate Construction O on-site check list supplied U points for up to 72 feet. with the home must be w 2. Remove fasteners.Remove any temporary fasteners connecting the hinged completed and returned to Z portion of the roof to the vertical king posts.J the home manufacturer in a Y3. Lift roof.Raise the roof to its intended height.A temporary slight overexten- timely manner. If the AC Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 36 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FS#os Complete Conforms toSection Set 1/15/09 sion may be required during lifting. However,take care not to overextend the checklist relates to the roof, roof and damage the hinge. Raise the roof evenly in small increments, keep- then failure to do so may ing it level throughout the entire process to prevent racking. Do not allow roof- require future disassembly ing paper and shingles to get caught in the hinge crease.(Figure 20) of the roof and further in- 4. Secure king posts.Secure the moveable portion of the king post to the spections. ridgebeam by driving two(2)#8x3"wood screws through the beam and into the hinged king post(at Wind Zone 1). Use five(5)#8x3-1/2"screws at Wind Zone II or III. (Figure 21 and Figure 22). Figure 20. Typical roof lifting �_-Lifting mechanism arrangement. The final position of the truss is shown on the truss detail included with this manual. Hinged King post Fixed King post Figure 21. Ridge beam to hinged king post fastening \lllllllll!!//�� EY T LF Truss with angled \`�.���P G',j King Post. `$T _ PE19600312 _ 2-#8x3"screws at wind zone "Q STATE OF �' I. 548x3-1/2"screws at wind P ZonellandIll. 90.t�•�'.�NDIAN...�•�����` 11 1100 111 Jeffrey T.Legault FI 2009.01.09 Cl) 11:25:07-05'00' 7 r_ Figure 22.Alternate ridge Z m beam to king post fastening n O X �_• X 2-#8x3"screws at Wind D Zone I.5484-112"screws at Wind Zone II and II � Factory Installed 2�raft. Z O Ridgebearn 5. Redistribute Insulation.Before closing up the attic space check that the in- sulation has not shifted. Re-level the insulation if needed. r 6. Install gable walls.Assembled frames or wall studs and sheathing needed for the site assembly of the gable end walls may be provided. Install the gable O end walls for each home section as follows Figure 23.End wall completion: z Studs: Install studs 16 inches o.c.with 3-12d nails or 4-15Ga.x7/16x2- > " • D 1/2"staples,and; Z C • Sheathing: Install 3/8"min OSB sheathing with 8d nails or 16Ga.x 7/16"x > 1-1/2"staples 6"o.c. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 37 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete PFS#05 Section Conforms to HUD MHCSS f/15/09 King Post Figure 23.End wall comple- tion Wedge Truss Top Chord Hinge Inspecting vents.Fuel fired heating appliance and fire- place vents that pass through a hinged roof must Ttiss be completed and in- spected at the site prior to energizing the appliance or occupying the home. Fail- 7. Install vents.Extend plumbing vents,exhaust fans,appliance vents,and fire- ure to comply with this pre- place stacks through the hinged portion of the roof in strict accordance with caution may result in seri- this manual(Prepare Appliances and Equipment,p.86)and/or supplemen- ous injury or death.Venting tal instructions provided by the home manufacturer. systems must be installed 8. Roof Close-up.A paper spacer has been placed between the two courses of in conformance with the shingles at the hinge to prevent premature sealing of the upper course. Re- appliance manufacturer's move this paper and fasten the upper course in place as shown on the shingle instructions and any in- installation instructions. Repeat procedure on other half of home. The units structions supplied with the should now be joined together. The fastening of the ridgebeam halves to- home. gether as specified in this manual can be accomplished either by reaching down from the roof opening at the ridge or by moving along inside the roof cavity. Care should be taken not to damage the ceiling during this operation. 9. Ridge Assembly. Some models will require the framing of the peak area of the home to be completed on site. Extend peak close off frame from each half until they meet at the mating line. (Figure 24) Fasten each peak frame block to each truss top chord w/3-10d nails. Fasten the peak rails together w/10d nails 8"o.c.or w/#8x3"screws 8"o.c. Attach the roof sheathing at the peak to the blocking w/15Ga.x7/16"x1-1/2"staples or 8d nails 4"o.c.There is not a removable piece of roof decking at the peak(for ridgebeam access with this type of construction. Install roof felt and remaining shingles to complete the peak close-off. i Figure 24.Ridge Assembly Extend peak sections i� to mating line. J Site install root sheathing at Fasten peak rails together Q i peek(shipped loose) %00d nails or#8x3'screws . i 8"o.c. Z Q I Hinged trus Ridgebeam Z (typical) (typical) 0 i Q i J Fasten each block to each o.c. truss.Od nails(typical). Z STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET Z A continuous,non-porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier must be installed on 0 at least one side of the marriage line;along the floor,end walls and ceiling(and mar- F' riage lines for any tag units).Skyline Corp. has installed this gasket in the factory. In- 1Xspect the gasket and repair any gaps or tears. Checking through-the-rim- 0 ducts.Ensure that through- IL not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections the-rim-duct connections 0 along the floor,end walls,and ceiling(Figure 25). are secure and tight after 0 For homes with through-the-rim crossover ducts(see Crossover Connections,p.52) the home sections are to- Z inspect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4- 9ether. M inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. En- sure that duct openings are unobstructed. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 38 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. • • r _ Conforms to Multi- Section HUD MHCSS 1115/09 Figure 25.Mating Line Gas- Ridge beam ket Mating line gasket(factory installed)at endwalls,Floor mating line and ridge beam bottom flange. Mating line rim joist STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS Follow this procedure to install additional home sections: 1. Remove obstructions. Remove protruding nails and staples or anything else that will keep the home sections from fitting together snugly. If present,cut the temporary ceiling and floor plates at the edges of marriage line openings tak- eMechanical posi- ing care not to damage ceiling or floor coverings or displace temporary mar- tioning system.For a pier- riage line support posts(these supports and the plates will be removed after set home,a mechanical the home sections have been structurally connected). positioning system(such as 2. Complete crossovers.Before moving the two sections together,complete a roller system)will make any crossover connections that require access from the open marriage line, the process easier and including the attic duct connection(if present)and marriage wall interior elec- safer and be less likely to trical connections(see Connect Crossovers,p.52). damage the home. 3. Position section.Position the section as closely as possible(ideally within six inches)and line up with the previously set section. If using a mechanical /, positioning system or crane,follow the system manufacturer's instructions or the crane operator's directions. 4. Construct piers.With the outside walls of the home aligned,construct the Sealing gaps.Prior to com- piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home(p. pletion of the exterior close- cn 30)before continuing to the steps below. up,gaps that do not exceed one inch are permitted be- r 5. Level section.Lower the section onto the outside piers first, inside piers last. tween structural elements Z Before releasing the mechanical positioning system,check interior doorways provided that the gaps are m and other openings for misalignments that may cause problems during trim- closed before completion of n out.The floors should be flush,level,and tight and the roof section should close-up,the home sec- 0 have little, if any,gap at the top of the marriage line. Use at least two come-a- tions are in contact with longs to pull the sections snugly together and use the water level or other lev- O each other, and the mar- eling device to set all piers and shims. riage gasket provides a 6. Shim gaps.Shim any gaps up to one inch between structural elements with proper seal. dimensional lumber. If any gaps exceed one inch, re-position the home to O eliminate such gaps. z Z cn STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS D Make floor structural connections according to one of the methods described below. Method 1: Install fasteners through rim joists —DI With the home aligned at the floor and supported by its foundation,join the floors as Z shown in Figure 26 using the fastener type,size,and spacing indicated on 9 Table 13. A gap of V is allowable. Gaps larger than'/2"must be filled with plywood or Z lumber shims. C D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 39 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete Section Set PFS ®5 00 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Fastener Spacing Type WindZonelll Lag screw with 3/8"x 3" 24-36 in. 24-36 in. 24-36 in. washer *Increase fastener lengths by 3 inches for double rim joists. I- Marriage Figure 26.Floor connection Line FloorI astener Decking Rim Joists Along Marriage Marriage Line Line Gasket Fastener Staggered At Next iSpacing Interval Install additional fasteners as indicated below, making sure to repair any openings in the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose(may be provided). • Install two additional fasteners at each end of the home at approximately a 45 degree angle(+/-5 degrees)from horizontal. Patch bottom • If the home has a through-the-rim crossover duct,install one additional fas- board. Use adhesive tener at each side of the duct opening. spray, mastic,and/or diver- gent staples in combination • After installation of fasteners,repair tears or holes in the bottom board using with bottom board tape for tape specially made for that purpose. a more secure and durable connection. J Q D Z Q Z O i= Q J J Q I— Z Z O F— Q Q' O a W O U LJ Z J } Y rn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 40 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete PAr Section Set Conforms to HUD MHCSS STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF 12/16/09 If the marriage line along the roof is not snug,position jacks every 20 feet or less along the outside I-beam and uniformly lift the section until the roof area is tight. / Z A Check to make sure the ceiling joint is flush before installing the connections. If not, Closing the roof gap.Level use a jack and tee to raise whichever ceiling is low,starting at the front and working to and fasten the marriage the rear of the home.Fasten the roof along the marriage line using one of the methods line joint at the floor before below for either double or triple-section homes. jacking to tighten a roof gap. DO NOT use roof fas- DOUBLE-SECTION HOMES teners to close any gaps. Make roof structural connections in double-section homes according to the method de- Separation of the ridge scribed below. beams and trusses may Install fasteners through ridge beam occur. To obtain access into the ceiling cavity,fold back the underlayment paper and remove the 16"wide sheathing panel(s)at the peak. The beam halves may be bolted or lag screwed together. Install bolts or lag screws at 24"o.c.with 6 additional bolts/lags over interior beam supports. (Figure 27). Predrill'/"piliot holes for lag screws at 1-1/2" down from the top of the beam and with a maximum offset from horizontal of 45 de- grees. Use fastener sizes as specified in Table 14.Stagger fasteners on each side of marriage line.Spacing indicated is on-center, both sides of ridge. Fasteners may be installed from one-side of ridge beam only. NOTE:(1)When!,earn suppoR consists of a column instead of Cented'vre bearing wall,use 6 taltsfloys at 3'o.c,each silo of column. 27.Ridge beam fas- tumn. tenln (2)Beam marked with paint at column locations. 3• 3• g ��r: 24• '� 24, + 24• 'k 14 1 IX 24 'I-1f2•�. Roof Ridge Beam —Endwall Hall bearing wall TABLE 14.ROOF CONNECTIONS SPECIFICATIONS Fastener Spacing Type Size Wind Zone I Wind Zone 11 Wind Zone III Bolts with washers both 3/8"x 4-1/2" 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. sides N X Lag screws with 3/8"x 5 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. r washers Z m n O O D O Z Z D r r D O Z D Z c D r 12/8/20092:41:45 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 41 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete Multi- PpWSSOSection Set #05 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 In Wind Zones II and III an optional metal cap or straps may be installed as follows: Caps • Select metal caps made of minimum 8"x 30 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" aluminum. Installing lags.If lags are used to connect roofs, use • Install caps continuously,overlapping by minimum of four inches at splices. pilot holes and use appro- • Fasten caps with 1"x 1"x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4"long x 3/8" priately sized washers. diameter head roof nails or#8 x 1-1/4"sheet metal screws at two inches o.c. When to use metal straps. both sides of ridge. If a ridge vent will be in- Straps stalled,use straps instead • Select metal straps made of minimum 1-1/2"wide x 26 ga galvanized steel or of a continuous cap. 0.019"aluminum. • Space straps a minimum of 96 inches o.c.for Wind Zone II and a minimum 80 inches o.c.for Wind Zone III. TRIPLE-SECTION HOMES For triple-section homes where roof lines run parallel to each other on adjacent units , (Figure 29),follow the instructions in the appropriate method below to complete the connections at the roof. Method 1: Install fasteners through pre-installed sheathing For homes where sheathing is in place on both sides of the marriage line(Figure 28) install fasteners from the low side of the roof on an angle so as to penetrate roof beams on both sides of marriage line, using the fastener specifications and spacings indicated on Table 15. Center Section Outer Section Figure 28.Triple-section roof connection Method 1 Factory-Inutalled Underlayment Factory-Installed J Shingles See Skyline Corporation DField-Installed Manufactured Home Adden- Q \ Facto y dum for l inform t homes for ^� Factory-Installed additional information. Z Shingles O Asphalt Roofing Cement F Between Layers of Q Underlayment Min U'wide J J Q I— - Z Z O t•= a O IL Metal(Optional) Fastener U W Z J Y to Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 42 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FS5 ® Lei I Conforms to HUD MHCSS t1t5a9 Figure 29.Triple-section Marriage Line home ------------- dge Line Marriage Lme i i Plan Elevation TABLE 15.ROOF CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Fastener I Spacing Type--F——Sie Wind Zone I Wind Zone 11 Wind Zone III Lag screw 3/8"x 4-1/2" 24in. 241n. 24in. Bolts 3/8"x 5' 24in. 24in. 24in. Method 2: Install fasteners with ship loose sheathing For homes where sheathing is shipped loose to be installed on site(Figure 30)fasten field-installed sheathing to all underlying blocking and framing with 15 ga 7/16"x 1-1/2" staples at four inches o.c.in field and perimeter. Field installed shingles Figure 30.Triple-section roof Field installed sheathing connection Method 2 JField Installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment(min.6"wide) Factory installed shingles. 1 Factory installed underlayment Factory installed sheathing CAI STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS m Once the home is secured along the marriage line floor and roof,secure end walls, in- 0 terior doorways,and marriage line partitions according to the appropriate method de- 0 scribed below. O END WALLS y Install toed fasteners through sheathing —t Toe fasteners through sheathing from the exterior at an approximately 45 degree angle Z (+/-5 degrees)(Figure 31)according to the fastener specifications and spacing re- _ quirements in Table 16. Z D r r O z D z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 43 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. #05 oil Conforms to mffl� HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Gasket Figure 31.End wall connec- Wall Studs tion toed through sheathing Exterior Siding or Exterior Siding Underlayment j I i I Fastener TABLE 16.END WALL FASTENER SPECIFICATIONS Fastener type Size Spacing Lag screw with washer 5/16"x 5" 12in.o.c. Wood screw #8 x 3" Bin.o.c. Nail 16d Bin.o.c. MARRIAGE WALL COLUMNS,OPENINGS AND INTERIOR PARTITIONS Make connections inside the home along the marriage walls(Figure 32 and Figure 33) by installing fasteners according to the specifications and spacing requirements in Table 17.Toe screw 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 studs;through-screw 2 x 3 studs. Interierwau Figure 32.Marriage wall Mama swags ullslnto connections J 9 Maniage Walls a Plant Shelf Wag Covering Where Occurs Applied Al I I Manufaclunng Q j Facility 2 I Fasteners Oasleners a J Door J a z asteners Z Optional:Field Applied Gyp Board O Not Less Than 24'Nor Larger Than 48.Fasten Per%lea Fasteners Figure 33.Marriage line col- 0 umn connections a.. Marriage Line W 0 W J --------Support Posts Y fn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 44 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. • • Multi- Section PFS#°5 TABLE 17.MARRIAGE WALL CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Conforms to Fastener type HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Wood screw #8 x 4" Do additional sections (non tag) remain to be positioned? •• to STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGEGROUND • ' • • 1110, • continue below. Is there a .• •• to • 10, • continue below. hingedIs there a roof? 10, YES,go to STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF, (p. 36) • •• to STEP 9.ATTACH TAG • STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS After the main unit has been set on its foundation,install all tag units according to the following procedure: / /,I 1. Position and block the tag.Position the tag unit as close to the main unit as Piers under tag units. possible at its intended location. Use a hitch jack to obtain approximate level- Some tag units have spe- ing and install pier supports according to Set the Home,STEP 2.POSITION cial piering needs due to HOME SECTION(p.30).Determine whether the tag and main unit floors are the roof and/or floor con- designed to line up flush or are offset by a step and adjust the tag pier heights struction.These will be de- accordingly. tailed in supplemental pier- 2. Level the unit.Using a water level(p.34),verify that the piers are level.The ing plans supplied with the elevation of all points along the lower flange of the I-beam should be no more home. Note that tag unit than 3/8 inches from the desired height and should not deviate more than 3/4 end walls are typically load inches overall. bearing rather than side 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the tag unit is level with main unit floor,connect walls. the floors together as described in STEP 5.CONNECT FLOORS(p.39). Connect walls.Secure the tag unit walls to the main unit sidewall using#8 x 4"screws at 12 inches o.c.(see Figure 34).The sheathing shown in the detail fn may not be included by the manufacturer. If included,the sheathing over the X last stud bay was tacked in place at the factory for easy removal at the site. r Once the wall connections are complete,re-install the sheathing and complete E the siding installation. m n O Sidwall Main UM Fastear Figure 34. Tag unit wall V Sheallmg connection O (Field Instate Try Wall Studs D (Tag Unit) O Z Z D Main U u D O Exterior Z Siding 9 Tag Unit D Z 4. Connect roofs.Connect the tag unit roof to the main unit roof using#10 x 5" c screws or 3/8"x 6"lag screws,toe screwed at each main unit vertical struc- tural member(stud or truss)location.See Figure 35 for flush roof connections 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 45 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Complete A4PA Section Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 and Figure 36 for roof connections with an offset greater than two inches. Roof connections with an offset less than two inches do not require screws. SHng6 underlaymerd Figure 35. Tag unit flush roof Iretal Fhshhg Flat .��Slir5ls Over Johl connection Meta Fastens Fascia Figure 36. Tag unit offset Roof Deckhg roof connection Main Uti Slirghs Tag U A Main Unt Metal Flash" —�---- Rmf Oackhg g (s Top Course of Vml siding) Tag tH Fastener S e STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS Once the home is properly supported and the marriage line connections are completed, remove the temporary ridge beam supports and wall/ceiling plates used to brace the ridge beam during shipment.Take care not to damage the ceiling. Remove and store or properly dispose of or recycle the hitch,axles,and wheels.These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. Is the home supported on a load-bearing perimeter wall? 00- YES, go to STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION, (p.46) 10- • •• to Complete Roof and Exterior Walls (p.47). STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION Fasten the home to the foundation (typically to the sill plate)according to the fastening schedule provided by the manufacturer. / / d J When to backfill.Backfill M Is the • _ supported on a basement foundation? against basement walls z only after the home is con- NO- •• to STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE, • netted to the foundation or z NO, •• to Complete Roof • the basement walls may O deflect inward or collapse. F' Cutting the chassis.Do not J STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE cut, notch, bend,or alter in Q Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the waterproofing,taking care to not any manner beams, cross- damage the drainage system. members,and other parts z Grade the site as described in Prepare the Site,STEP 3.CLEAR AND GRADE THE of the steel chassis. O SITE(p.14). H a STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS 0 li Construct the basement stairs in compliance with the local building O P 9 code.Take care a that adequate headroom is maintained under beams and that there is sufficient landing 0 space at the bottom of the stairs. U Z •• to Complete Roof and Exterior Walls (p. J Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 46 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. ��Olqr_v#0.5 ' Complete Roof and 119�11cuirl forms toExterior Walls MHCSS 15/09 ' Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. Follow the Stepsbelow: I IV STEP 1.COMPLETE ROOF(p.47) STEP 2.COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF(p.49) STEP 3.COMPLETE SIDE WALLS(p.49) STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi-section homes,the first step in completing the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line(Figure 37). For homes with asphalt shingles,follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials,follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. Cap Shingle Underlayment Figure 37.Shingle installa- Metal&3i Onlnd2one tion atridge z a 3 a,y) / \ Factory Installed Shingles Factory Installed Weatherproofing.It is vitally Shingles Underlayme°t important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to Roof Deck inclement weather. 1. Install underlayment(when sheathing at the ridge is installed on site). Make Removing shipping protec- sure the roof sheathing is already installed(see Complete Multi-Section Set, tion.Remove shipping pro- STEP 6.CONNECT ROOF,p.39). Install 15#felt or equivalent continuously tection from the roof prior to along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping completing roofing. rn sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1"x 1"x 16 X ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III,also apply a six inch wide r— strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. E 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installa- m tion, install them now using 1"x 1"x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12ga 1-1/4" p long,3/8"diameter head roof nails. For Wind Zone I,fasten at 5/8 inch above ;13 each tab cutout slot and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the p edge(four fasteners for a three-tab shingle)(Figure 38). For Wind Zones II D and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots > and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge(six fasteners for p a three-tab shingle). Do not fasten through the shingle tar line. Z 36'Sh Ingle 36'Sh Ingle •i Figure 38.Shingle fastener N locations for Wind Zone I (left)and Wind Zones 11 and r, x x . . x x 12".x x x. . -x x x 12" Ill(right). D —L Z x Fastener Locations 3. Install underlayment. Install 15#felt or equivalent underlayment that is at D least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1"x 1"x 16 ga Z C galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III,also apply a six inch wide strip y r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 47 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. #os . Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/IS/09 of roofing cement on both sides of the ridge under the underlayment. 4. Install shingle cap.Starting at the opposite end of the home from the prevail- i /, ing wind, install ridge cap shingles provided by the manufacturer or use 12"x • 12"shingles(36"shingles cut into three equal pieces)(Figure 39). Install us- Installing a ridge vent. If a ing 1"x 1"x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4"long,3/8"diameter head ridge vent is to be installed, roofing nails spaced 5-5/8 inches from bottom edge and 1/2 inch to 1-1/2 follow the ridge vent manu- inches in from both edges. Cover the exposed fasteners with tar or cement. facturer's instructions pro- vided with the material or as an addendum to this manual in lieu of underlay- ment over ridge line and shingle cap. Cut shingle Into three pieces Figure 39.Shingle cut into as shown by dotted line thirds 1 i 2 3 HINGE ROOF CLOSE-UP For homes with hinged roofs,complete roofing underlayment and shingles along the hinge line(Figure 40)as follows: 1. Install underlayment.Attach the underlayment to the roof deck with a mini- mum of six-inch wide strip of cement. If necessary,trim the underlayment to allow the lowest shingle above the hinge of the roof to seal to the topmost shingle on the lower portion of the roof. Figure 40.Shingle installa- tion at hinge line Site Install Shingles In Hinged Area Per The Instructions On The Shingle Package Shipped Loose With The Home. ��5e c� After Roof Is In The Raised Position, JQTrim The Shingle UnderlaymentTo@Installing metal Allow The Shingle Of The Upper — flashing.Install optional Roof Section To Seal Onto The Last metal flashing over the roof Shingle Of The Lower Roof Section. decking before applying Hinge roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- t yore` ten 30 ga x 6"wide mini- mum galvanized metal with Underlayment�� Asphalt Roofing Cement roofing nails or 16 ga x 1" Z Between Layers of O UnderlaymentMinumum crown staples of sufficient 6"Wide length to penetrate the roof B sheathing.Space fasteners -i 2. Install shingles. Install missing shingles according to the shingle manufac- aturer's instructions. four inches o.c.or less near F the edge of the metal. COMPLETE TRIPLE-SECTION ROOFS Overlap the metal by at ? least two inches at joints. Z Complete roofing along triple-section home marriage lines according to one of the fol- p lowing methods based on the construction of the home. Q Method 1: Dual ridge beams 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof 0 and apply a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the sheathing. W Lay the underlayment of the center section on top of the cement(see Best 0 Practice tip for optional metal flashing). Fold down the center section roof un- derlayment on this cement. w Z 2. Install shingles.Install missing row(s)of shingles, securing them per the shingle manufacturer's installation instructions(refer to the shingle wrapper). Y U) Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 48 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. , Complete PFS#®5Exterior• • • Conforms to HUD MHCSS center Section Outer Section 1/15/09 Figure 41. Triple-section roof connection Method 1 Factory-Installed Underlayment Factory-Installed Shingles See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- Shingles Field-Installed dum for Triplewide homes for Factory-Installed additional information. Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underlayment Min 6"Wide C Metal(Optional) Fastener Method 2: Field-installed sheathing 1. Install underlayment.Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and fold up the underlayment on the center section roof.Apply to the lower roof underlayment a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement centered on the sheathing joint.Cover with the shipped loose underlayment.Apply an- other minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the ship loose under- layment centered on the upper roof sheathing joint. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s)of shingles per the shingle manufac- turer's installation instructions(refer to the shingle wrapper). Field Installed shingles Figure 42. Triple-section Field installed sheathing roof connection Method 2 JField installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment(min.6"wide) Factory installed shingles N L � r_ Factory installed underlayment z m n O Factory installed sheathing O D O z z N D r r STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF If the home has a tag unit,complete roofing for this unit now.The process for complet- ing the roof is different for flush and offset roofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- z ate section below. D z FLUSH ROOFS D For flush roofs,complete roofing along the marriage line and at the valley line as fol- r lows(see Figure 43): 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 49 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. WROTIM . - , , PFS#os Conforms to 00.0'_ HUD MHCSS 1115109 Shingle Underleyment Figure 43. Tag unit flush Instal Fleshing Flat roof connection Over Joht Fastener See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- Tag Unit Main Link dum for Triplewide homes for additional information ------------------ Marriage line Method 1: Install metal flashing(minimum 30 ga x minimum 6"wide)over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof.Secure the flashing to the roof decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a one inch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks.Space fasteners maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing.Overlap seams in the metal by at least two inches.After flashing is complete, install shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1.COMPLETE ROOF(p.47). Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factory installed under- layment a minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1.COMPLETE ROOF(p.47). Valley line Along the bottom of the valley,shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing,overlap the tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose,install the roll roofing at the valley,lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either by interweav- J ing them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. Z Q OFFSET ROOFS M If there is a gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less z than two inches,fold up the main unit dormer fascia,slide the underlayment and flash- ing from the tag unit roof behind the fascia,and bend the fascia back down and secure Q into sub-fascia with metal screws(Figure 44). • J J Q 1-- Z Z O r-- a O a O U W Z J Y W Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 50 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. W #05 Complete Roof and APACS ® Exterior Walls Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Main Unit Roof (Shingles Not Figure 44. Tag unit roofing Facto antalled Flashin Shown on Main N 9 connection with less than Unilfor Clardy) � Drip Edge Undedayment Carried Up Into Donner two inch height difference Sub-Fasca pica Fascia Man Unit Factory-lost Dormer Flashirg Shingle '. -- Shingles -- Undedaymenl Urderlayment — Distance Between Main Unit Donner and Tag Unit Roof May U nderlayment Over Rolled Vary(Min.In to Max of 21 Roofing Carried Upinto Tag Unit Dormer Sub Fascia Min.T Roof Tag Unit Truss Main Unit Dormer Truss If the gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof is two inches or more, bend up the inside corner trim at the dormer overhang and main unit sidewall, fold up the factory installed flashing on the tag unit roof,fold the inside corner trim back down,and secure into dormer wall with metal screws(Figure 45) Figure 45. Tag unit offset -_--_` Shingles roof connection Metal Fas cia Roof Decking Main and Shingles _f Metal Flashing (or Top Course of Virryl Siding) Roof Decking Tag Unit Fastener iB �o r z STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS m Siding necessary to complete the exterior has been provided with the home. Follow the 0 siding manufacturer's instructions(found on or with the packaging or as an addendum / ;13 to this manual)and to complete the exterior siding as follows: - Covering the HUD label.Do 0 1. Remove shipping protection.Remove temporary shipping protection from not cover the HUD label on D walls. the exterior of the home. d 2. Complete crossovers.Complete any crossover connections in the walls, in- Removing shipping protec- Z cluding:electrical,stereo speaker,doorbell,telephone,and intercom wires. tion.Remove temporary z 3. Install siding.Fasten siding only at stud locations,avoiding electrical wires shipping protection from that are present in the walls. walls before installing sid- ing or serious moisture r 4. Install close-up of strips.If siding has been installed on the end walls at the damage may result r D factory,fasten close-up strips securely along both edges and seal the edges . q with a waterproof sealant. O 5. Install trim. Install any matching trim required to complete the installation. Z 6. Seal penetrations.With a waterproof sealant,seal any penetrations in the y siding that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. c 10- D .• to • r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 51 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. ConnectPFPC. #°5 nf�_s'. HUD MHCSS Connect Crossovers 1/15109 This chapter covers crossover connections between units of multi-section homes, including ducts and electrical,water, waste,gas,telephone,and cable TV connections. Follow - • . - • STEP 1.CONNECT DUCTS(p.52) { V STEP 2.CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS(p.56) I STEP 3.INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING(p. 58) i r j i STEP 4.CONNECT WATER LINES(p.59) i I • II STEP 5.CONNECT DRAIN,WASTE,AND VENT LINES(p.60) 4 + V STEP 6.CONNECT GAS LINES(p. 61) I I � IV STEP 7.CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING(p.62) STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS There are three main types of duct crossover connections. Based on the location of the duct,follow the installation steps on the page indicated below: • Under the floor(p. 52). Qualified personnel.Use • In the roof cavity(p.54). only qualified personnel to • In floor,through-the-rim joist(p.54) make crossover connec- tions. Consult the LAHJ for To prevent air leakage,seal all ductwork connections, including duct collars using one licensing or any additional or more of the following materials: crossover connection re- Galvanized metal straps in combination with galvanized sheet metal screws. quirements. Z For rigid air ducts and connectors,tape and mastics listed to UL 181A. Access for service.When- For ever possible maintain ac- For flexible air ducts and connectors,tape and mastics listed to UL 181 B. cess to connection areas Z UNDER FLOOR FLEXIBLE CROSSOVER DUCT for future maintenance. 0 Make tight connections. F. When heating or cooling equipment is installed in the home,the flexible crossover duct J is provided by the manufacturer. In all cases the crossover duct must be listed for exte- Permanent,durable,and � riot use. tight crossover duct con- nections are critical to the There are four common configurations of under floor crossover ducts depending on the proper performance of the Z number of home sections and the furnace/air handler location.See Table 18 to locate home. Leaky ducts can re- Z the appropriate figure. sult in severe moisture p problems in the home,dis- c TABLE 18.UNDER FLOOR DUCT CONFIGURATIONS comfort from rooms not re- Furnace location Two home sections Three home sections the proper amount p of conditioned air,and high a. Furnace over trunk duct See Figure 46 See Figure 48 utility bills from wasted WFurnace offset from trunk duct See Figure 47 See Figure 49 heating and/or cooling en- U ergy. w Z J Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 52 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. FS#ED5 Connect Conforms to Crossovers HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Furnace I Air Figure 46.Furnace over Handler trunk duct, two home sec- ASection ® B Section tions Floor Heat Dud Tap-Out Collar Flex Dud Field-Installed Flex Support Straps Duct Furnace/Air Figure 47.Furnace offset A Section Ha® B Section fro d o snk duct, two home LU Floor Heat Du Tap-Out Collar Field-Installed Flex Dud Flex Duct SupportStraps Y-Box Under Furnace Furnace/Air Figure 48.Furnace over HandlerUJ trunk duct, three home sec- Ll A Section B B Section C Section tlons IN Floor Heal Du Tap-Out Collar Field-Installed FlexDud "V Box Under Furnace Flex Dud Support Straps A Section Furnace/Air B Section C Section Figure 49.Furnace offset Handler LJfrom trunk duct, three home sections Heat Dud Tap-Out Collar Field-Installed Flex Dud V"-Box Under Furnace Flex DuctSupportStrdps For under floor flexible crossover ducts follow the steps below: 1. Locate collars.Locate the metal crossover collars(or V-box)connected to the main trunk duct(or furnace)under the home and remove temporary ship- ping protection. Securing the X 2. Install inner duct.Slide the crossover duct inner liner over the crossover col- crossover. Between Step E: lar/V-box as far as it will go.Temporarily fasten the inner liner in place with 5 and Step 6,drill three or Z duct tape. Install a large nylon zip-tie over the inner liner just above the"ridge" more 1/16 inch holes an m around the crossover collarN-box.Apply mastic completely over inner liner equal distance around and n and collarN-box(alternately,the mastic may be applied to the collar/V-box just below the bottom edge X prior to sliding the duct inner liner over it). of the nylon zip-tie. Install 3. Connect duct insulation.Bring the duct insulation up over the zip-tie and #12 pan head screws in 0 above the home's bottom board into the floor cavity.Temporarily duct tape it these holes,through the against the base of the trunk duct/V-box. flexible duct and into the =1 4. Pull duct wrap.Pull the crossover duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- metal crossover collarN- Z tion and temporarily secure it to the trunk duct/V-box with duct tape. box.The screw heads Z 5. Install zip-tie.Feel for the nylon zip-tie that was installed over the inner liner. should be against the zip- Place another nylon zip-tie just under the first one to permanently secure the tie. crossover duct insulation and outer wrap. 6. Trim duct.Trim the crossover duct to length such that the installed duct will i ' // be straight with no kinks or unnecessary bends. p z 7. Connect other end.Follow the same procedure(steps 1 through 5)to con- Cover exposed metal. 9 nect the opposite end of the crossover duct and any other crossover ducts. Completely cover all ex- y 8. Seal joints.Seal the joints between the bottom board and the crossover duct posed metal connectors c with foam or mastic. with insulation.Apply seal- y 9. Support duct.Support the crossover duct(s)above the ground using nylon or ants and tapes only to sur- galvanized metal straps and saddles spaced every 48 inches o.c.or less. faces that are dry and free 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 53 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. PFS#°5 Connect Crossovers Conforms to HUD MHCSs 3119109 Choose straps at least 1/2 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- of dust,dirt,and grease. casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- Avoid ground contact. In- rals.Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. stalled crossover ducts ROOF CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT must not be in contact with For ducts installed in the roof cavity,follow the steps below: the ground. 1. Access duct.Access the crossover location through an access panel in the Unobstructed airflow.Ex- roof and remove any temporary shipping protection. cess length, kinks and bends in the crossover duct 2. Join ducts.Using the provided flexible duct,join the distribution boxes in will restrict airflow and de- each section of the home as shown in Figure 50, cutting off any extra duct grade the home's HVAC length to keep the duct as straight as possible.The duct is connected to one system performance. side of the home. 3. Fasten ducts.At each connection point between ducts and between ducts and distribution boxes or connectors,secure the inner duct liner with a nylon strap, apply mastic completely over the connection area, pull the duct insula- tion and outer liner over the connection area,and secure them with a second nylon strap. 4. Reinstall panel.Reinstall and secure the access panel. FWDua Figure 50.Duct crossover Dism'6mbn am, DistnbAon Box located in the roof cavity O O rRmB IN THE FLOOR CROSSOVER DUCT Where one or more crossover ducts are built into the home's floor system,connect them either through(note openings in rim joists)or under(note access panels in bot- tom board)the rim joist depending on the design of the home. Additional marriage line support. If the duct runs Method 1: Flex duct through rim joist through the marriage line Connect flex ducts that pass through the rim joist(Figure 51)as follows: rim joist,and perimeter 1. Access duct. From underneath the home,cut through the bottom board and blocking is required,a pe- part the floor insulation to access the duct. rimeter pier is required un- 2. Extend duct.Extend the flex duct from the side of the home with the furnace der the marriage wall at the through the rim joist opening and connect it to the opposing duct using the crossover location or Q un- provided splicing collar less the home is con- . structed with a perimeter Z 3. Connect duct.Connect the ducts using the procedure for joining under floor support system. Q flexible crossover ducts(p.52). 4. Seal bottom board.Move the floor insulation back to its original location and Z seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose(may be pro- vided). i Figure 51. In-floor duct with Q Marriage Line —� Splicing Collar flex duct connection though ~ the rim joist(shown with peri- Z Rim Joist I loos ng Decking Z_ meter frame system) Z — Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 l 1 I ! r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 Q l l 1 1 1 1 ! l l ! 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 Flexible Dud Beam O Bottom Board U W Access Area Z J } Y N Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3/18/20091:25:27 PM 54 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. #05 Connect ® Crossovers Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Method 2:Gasketed Type through the rim joist With a through-the-rim joist design,the duct in each floor section terminates at an opening in the marriage line rim joist. Fixed through-the-rim crossovers employing a- marriage line gasket such as in Figure 52 were completed in Complete Multi-Section Set,STEP4.CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET(p.38)and require no additional work here. Figure 52.In-floor duct with gasket between halves. 3k14'redengular to S'(or 8')raundeaep:er.Ty;h.l 1 each side of mOng line. _ —dam 1 Typical train— floorl>isl 13116'miru fdxrglaes duct board gasket beW—rep joists. Mating Merim lost Factory installed. , I 5"or6'round flexible duct, 83 SPF 9a rail Not required wN Dual Quad or Integral Floor In b. Under the rim joist In this configuration,flexible crossover ducts from adjoining sections pass through the floor and dip under the rim joist at the marriage line where they are joined(Figure 53). Pull each pair of ducts through the openings provided in the bottom board,under the marriage line rim joist and connect them using the provided splicing collar and the pro- cedure for joining under floor flexible crossover ducts(p.52)or the duct manufacturer instructions if provided. _I Figure 53.In-floor duct with Marriage Line Figure a Duct flex duct crossover under the l Rim Joist i. IoorDecking rim foist Insulation CA 7 n TT_,-r O 1" 1,% \ 1 1 1 \ %1 11\.� 1 Bottom 4^'�/1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l l l ! l l Board \ /'/ i I I I I I i i l l l l \`.`i Plywood I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ Reinforcing Plate O (Typ.Each Side) Splicing Collar —4 Strap 0 z z D r r D O z D z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 55 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Connect oFS#°5 Crossovers Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS Multi-section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s)along the marriage line(s). V&IOZ / JOINING WIRES Use qualified electricians. Two types of connections may be present at these locations—snap connectors and All electrical work must be junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover performed by a qualified location.These will be coded for identification.Connect snap connectors according to electrician and comply with the connector manufacturer's installation instructions,including fastener requirements. the 2005 NEC. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows(Figure 54): Disconnect power.Turn off power to the home before Pull wires.Pull circuit wires into the junction box,sliding them through a romex con- making connections. nector and secure snugly. (Figure 54)Do not over-tighten. Proper use of GFCI cir- 1. Strip wires.Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. Circuit Interrupted(GFCI) 2. Connect wires.Connect wires together matching like colors,using appropri- circuits are connected to ately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or the proper GFCI protected cover plate(s),if metal.Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or circuits from the power 20-amp circuits,or a single 240-volt appliance circuit. supply. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal)screws. Figure 54. Types ofjuncti_on box wiring connections A pprwed A Ppmed Connectors Connectos Apppved Conn atlas '� Whlla NU a 2 Whila lack *,; ed �d lack _(` lack Approve d P las Ec hila Xpetal orlvblal Box D Ground Ground VR (Ty Plnal) Whila round Grou q Ground Blac WN hila outs o lack a round v �Clanps PerTy{» lack Box Used(typical) Boxes Ony) pond Lug Petal Boxes Only) �—d Lug Metal Boxes Only) single 15 or 20 AMP CPcuit Double 15 or 20 AMP Cecuts 240V Appliance Circu3 FLOOR CROSSOVER a When making electrical connection(s)in the floor,use one of the wiring options de- F Z scribed below: • Q 9 snap Using� Method 1:Access panel p connectors.Do Z 1. Access wires.Find the crossover location(s)and remove the access panel(s) not use oversized nails or O if attached. If access panel openings are not provided,cut through bottom drive nail heads into snap H connectors.Some connec- board to expose the wiring(Figure 55). � tors are designed for one- 2. Route wires.Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim time use only—a new con- joist or if there is a single bumped-out access panel as in Figure 56,then un- nector must be used if they Z der the rim joists. If holes or notches have not been provided and there is no become separated. bumped-out access panel,drill maximum one-inch diameter hole(s)half-way Protect cables.Cover all Z up the rim joists on each home section,making sure the holes align and feed O the wire through the hole. cables with conduit or other 1- suitable weather-resistant < 3. Connect wires.Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s)as de- and protective material. 0 scribed above. IL 4. Secure wires.Secure wires with staples to adjacent joists or studs within p eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). U 5. Install smash plates.For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protec- w Z tors(smash plates). M 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re-install access panels and/or Y seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose(may be pro- U) vided).The access panel(s)may be temporarily installed near the crossover Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 56 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Fs#osConnect Crossovers Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 location or shipped loose with the home. Gasket Figure 55.Electrical cross- over floor wires with flush Hole Through access panels t Rim Joist t t Junction Box or —_rlf Joists Are Notched,Steel Protectors May Snap-Connector I Be Provided With the Home 1 1 1 I el May 3e Provided Figure 56.Floor electrical crossover wires with r— bumped-out access panel J 1 J und'on Box a Smp Comectcr Protective Cava (If Not Provided,Patch BoBom Board.) Method 2:Junction.box with conduit 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes are not exposed,access them inside the floor by cutting the bottom board or by removing the access panel(s). Remove the junction box covers. 2. Connect wires. If wire is coiled inside one junction box, insert it into provided flexible conduit and pass it under the rim joists to the opposing box and make the connection as described above. If no coiled wire is provided, install pro- vided ship-loose conduit with wire making connections in both boxes(Figure 57). 3. Cover boxes.Replace and secure covers on junction boxes. CAI 4. Seal floor. Replace any displaced insulation and replace access panel or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose(may be provided). r Variation to Method 2:A junction box may be installed only on one side with the z other side containing conduit behind an access panel. Bring the conduit to other m side and make one connection in the junction box. n O Gasket ill Figure 57. Under the rim O joist electrical crossover 0 connection with conduit > z_ Junction Box(May Be Under Wire For Crossover Z orAlongside Floor Joist ay Be Coiled Inside N Junction Box D Flexible Conduit r r D WALL CROSSOVERS 3 Connect electrical,phone,cable television,and stereo speaker wires in marriage walls � and/or partition and end walls. D Avoid damaging crossover Z If access panels into the marriage walls are not provided,then the connection should wires.Carefully fold mar- D have been made prior to bringing the home sections together. If access panels are riage wall crossover wires r provided in marriage,end or partition walls, remove the panels,join the wires as so they stay within a single described above using the provided snap-connector,junction box,or at a receptacle, bay and are not sand- 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 57 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. Connect PFS#°5 Crossovers Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 and re-attach the access panel(Figure 58 for marriage walls and Figure 59 for wiched between studs partitions and end walls). when the sections are pulled together. Connect Wires Figure 58.Inside marriage at Junction Box, wall crossover connection Receptacle,or Snap-Connector r--i Optional Access Panel L J Figure 59.Inside partition or Endwall Access to Junction Endwall end wall electrical crossover Side'A' Bo*llnside Flome Side'B' connection _———— Factory-Installed fill Win:Protectors Marriage Line STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded,electrically bond all chasses to- gether as follows(Figure 60): 1. Find lugs.Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. 2. Attach wire.If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wire(#8 minimum bare Dcopper wire)from one side of the home and connect it to the lug provided on Z the opposing side using the provided paint penetrating star washer,tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Z ( Figure 60.Electrical bonding Q Marriage Line of multi-section homes E- J I r rn Z Z Q Rear Outrigger at 48 Min.Copper Solderless Lug Each Marriage Line Ground Win: Half of Home Q 0 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided,attach the pro- vided four-inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two#8 x IX Q 3/4"self-tapping metal screws(one screw each side). U W Z ,J Y fn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 58 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. �f.. ms ,Con to • • Hun MHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES Connect water lines inside the floor through access panels or below the bottom board as follows: V /, WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH PANELS Applying cement. Follow 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. cement manufacturers in- 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping.caps from ends of water lines. structions with respect to application and drying time. 3. Pull lines.Pull water lines through holes in rim joist. If holes are not provided, Allow cement to fully cure drill round holes in the center of the rim joist,with a maximum diameter of one before filling pipes with wa- third the rim joist depth(Figure 61). ter. 4. Connect pipes.Connect threaded water lines using provided connector fit- tings(do not use lubricants or sealants).Connect non-threaded water lines using provided fittings and cement,inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting(a short connector pipe may be provided to bridge the gap between sections). 5. Test.Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor.Securely replace insulation and access panels. ----- ----- Figure 61. Waterline cross- over with access panels I I WATER LINES DROPPED BELOW BOTTOM BOARD /, 1. Remove caps. Remove protective shipping caps from ends of pipes and make sure pipe ends are clean and smooth. 2. Connect pipes.Connect threaded water lines using flexible pipe or a rigid Choosing cement type. connector line(if provided)and connector fittings(do not use lubricants or Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ sealants).Connect non-threaded water lines,pipe,and elbows with cement provided, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting(Figure 62). from the cement used for the DWV system. 3. Test.Test connections for leaks. 4. Protect pipes.Wrap water lines with insulation and bottom board shipped loose with home or otherwise protect to prevent freezing.Tape bottom board using tape specially made for that purpose(may be provided)and staple with 7/16"x 1/2"staples at four inches o.c.around bottom board using a divergent X (stitch)stapler or equivalent. If heat tape is used it must be listed for manufac-. r tured home use and be installed in compliance with manufacturer instructions. Z m Marriage Line n Supply Side If Figure 62. Waterline cross- 0 (Side With Water Heater) Receiving Side over through bottom board X r erL -) W Lm 0 0 Z Diecticn of Row Gasket Z Cn Cap to Be Protective Cap D Removed on Ste r r D -i Water Line and Bbows Shipped Loose lobe Z Added on Ste D Z c D r 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 59 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09. ConnectPFS#°5 • • �HUDMHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES / t // Complete portions of the drain,waste,and vent(DWV)system that are below the floor Providing required clear- as follows: ances. Provide the drain 1. Remove caps. Remove shipping covers from pipes extending through the outlet with a minimum bottom board;inspect pipes and fittings and clean them of dirt,obstructions, clearance of three inches in and burrs. any direction from all parts 2. Assemble pipes. Using the drain schematic drawing provided with the home, of the structure or any ap- begin assembling the DWV system starting at the location farthest from the purtenances and with not sewer/septic connection and working towards the outlet,fastening the pipe less than 18 inches unre- with cement or adjustable screw-clamp connectors, if provided(Figure 63). stricted clearance directly in As the system is assembled,support the piping with temporary blocking. front of the drain outlet. Unless otherwise noted on the schematic diagram, provide a minimum 1/4 Provide any cleanouts with inch per foot slope towards the sewer/septic using a plumber's level.Where a a minimum clearance of 12 slope of 1/4 inch per foot cannot be maintained, use a minimum slope of 1/8 inches directly in front of its inch per foot and install of a full-size clean-out at the uppermost point of the opening. run(Figure 64). Cement Coupling Figure 63.Drain crossover (Provided)to End of connection Pipes Support Straps Drain Pipe F F �;7 Fasten Couprlrig Direction of Flow and Slope Direction of Flow and Slope (Resided)b Piping Coupling With Clamps Connection Pipe Coupler Figure 64.DWV system JI L-Drain Pipe Dust rain rain Dropout Dropo supports Cover Dropout Slopeust Cover Z Cover San lta J� Long Turn Ell � Tee Slope Sloce wye J Long Turn Tee Wye Z lean-Out Plug (Subsitute for Elbow ong Tum EII and Provide a Full m DI W Size Clean Outwhen To Sewer/Septic Required) W 3. Test.Conduct a two-part leakage test on the completed drainage system as follows: Z 0 Part 1.With all fixtures connected,and all tub and shower drains plugged, / / A 0 fill the system with water to the rim of the toilet bowl through a higher fix- Choosing glues.Use only Q ture. Release all trapped air, replace tub and shower plugs, backfill fix- solvent sand glues com- Otures,and allow the system to stand at least 15 minutes. Check for leaks. patible with the pipe(ABS Cl- Drain the system. If leaks are found,repair and retest. or PVC). Follow manufac- W 0 Part 2. Plug all fixtures,sinks,showers,and tubs and fill with water. Re- turer's instructions. 0 lease the water in all fixtures simultaneously to obtain the maximum pos- es sible drain piping flow.As water is draining,check for leaks. If any are Z found, repair and retest. Y4. Connect to outlet.Connect the main drain line to the site sewer/septic hook- up,using an approved elastomer coupling(Figure 65). Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 60 PFS certifies this document is current as of 12-16-09.