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Letter; Mobile Home Foundation Project
0 rt of Enginee.ring, Inc. +tr'rar iryx�rz eery F /�:€ar -UWOE,- �q; yr�wrl alto a "In het , Ri Y �p31 frC ! 5 P111ul CVV IVIQI ICI V, Jr 1, II I%.. St Lucie County Permitting Department 2300 Virginia Avenue Ft. Pierce, FL 34982 February 18, 2021 RE: Permit # 2101-0126 Paulette Chapman 726 Nettles Boulevard Mobile Home'Foundation Project. Greetings Andrew Manero, Below is the response to the zoning comment dated 2/9/2021: Comment #1: A new floor plan was submitted. The floor plan shows a bay window that will encroach over the property line. Nothing is permitted over the property line. Response #1: The floor plan provided is the purchased floor plan confirmed by the manufacturer. The mobile home has a width of 13'-0," and a length of 37'-4 "The bay window adds seven (7") which makes the overall outside width 13'-7" on this portion of the home. It is noted that the mobile home will be set no closer than six inches (6") to the property line. II �.S � fi 'n' ', f � ��y ,�• Attached are the following documents for final review. The items listed have not been altered since previously submitted only combined here into one package as required for final review. 1. Revised survey by Accurite Land Surveying, Inc. dated 2/16. 2. Response to comments letter dated 2/8. 3. Engineered foundation and bracing plan dated 2/4. 4. FEMA FIRMetteFlood Zone Map. 5. Survey with highlighted Flood Zone Information. 6. Manufacturer's HUD Standard Specifications. 7. Manufacturer's Flooring and Blocking Plan. 8. Manufacturer's Installation Manual. I look forward to hearing back from you soon. Have a great day. Sincerely, Arthur Dylan O'Berry, P.E. Art of Engineering, Inc. 2674 SE Ruffin Terrace Port St Lucie, FL 34952 www.artofengineering.net (772) 203-0664 SURVEYOR'S NOTES . 3 1. SURVEY OF DESCRIPTION AS FURNISHED BY CLIENT, UNLESS_ ¢� OTHERWISE NOTED._ ~ 2: LANDS SHOWN HEREON WERE NOT ABSTRACTED FOR ,Yo EASEMENTS, BUILDING SETBACKS;'AND/OR'RIGHTS-OF-WAY OF y 3.4.7 Z"a RECORD BY ACCURIGHT LAND SURVEYING, :INC. z 3. ELEVATIONS SHOWN HEREON ARE RELATIVE TO N13RTH F race AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM. OF 1988, SEE SURVEY FOR a Z 'n� REFERENCE BENCH MARK, UNLESS OTHERWISE, NOTED.. Z Ix 4. THERE ARE.. NO ABOVE GROUND ENCROACHMENTS, UNLESS c � N FND,,5/8' .�5 Qo OTHERWISE NOTED. c. Q N LB. `NO I.D. DID. 5/8' 3: 5:ADDITIONS OR DELETIONS ,TO SURVEY MAPS OR REPORTS BY 0 I.6• NO I.D. w OTHER THAN THE SIGNING PARTY OR PARTIES IS PROHIBITED c Z ,3 0 m W WITHOUT WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE SIGNING PARTY OR .�, N cu d V PARTIES. '" N -� Z v H z 0( z / + y J O� n k. LOT 727 NA. LEGEND a VACANT '� W Z A/C, - 'AIR CONDITIONER FND. _ FOUND > lzcu ip, + , _ _ 11.0 CONC: CONCRETE COV'D -COVERED Z SET -NAIL dc. I.P. - IRON PIPE I.D. IDENTIFICATION WASHER' #4459 I.B. - IRON :BAR E.O:P. '- ECGE. OF -PAVEMENT OVERHEAD WIRE LB LICENSED BUSINESS 6y' R/W RIGHT -OF I =WAY N. & W: - NAIL 8 WASHER c 4.3 cu $ / ( -C.M - .CONCRETE 'MONUMENT P.B.- PLAT BOOK PG. - PAGE o 0 O.$\ \ N - NORTH E - EAST • W - WEST S - SOUTH 1 cu ? �si,�oy� \ N.A:V.D. 88 - NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM 1988 M h N.G.V.D. '29 - NATIONAL 'GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM 1929 N o - 3 0 SET I.B. - SET 5/8' IRON BAR. CAP #4459"� in y i� '`• r 13..4� CP).- DENOTES DISTANCE, ANGLE OR BEARING BY FURNISHED Q °q a'1d8 _ DESCRIPTION - L3 a W o� \ PARKING CF> - DENOTES MEASURED DISTANCE, ANGLE OR BEARING w A 3 u ca LOT 726 SPACE CC) - DENOTES CALCULATED DISTANCE, ANGLE OR BEARING 0 La_ X 3.47 O_ P v 14 PROPOSED MANUFACTURED HOME \ LEGAL DESCRIPTION , MINIMUM FINISH FLOOR LOT 726, OUTDOOR RESORTS OF AMERICA AT NETTLES 5 ELEVATION 5.0 h ISLAND, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF, AS RECORDED IN y gPG� D. 5/8- .PLAT BOOK 16, PAGE 1, IA-IJ, PUBLIC RECORDS OF ST. � (n �� s1 as? 0 P� p I.B. NO I.D. LUCIE COUNTY, FLORIDA, AND ACCORDING TO THE Z Z n n I.B. DNO 1 D. 4.4 PI QR�EG� Q DECLARATIONS OF CONDOMINIMUM RECORDED IN OR BOOK 186, i � PAGE 2720, PUBLIC RECORDS OF ST. LUCIE COUNTY, Q %0 c cu FLORIDA, TOGETHER WITG ALL IPPURTENANCES AND J ccu°ruu a• AMENDMENTS TREREOF. ! n�' N a V = ^^ o• tti� % V) i•. tY �G�� z W x z (i xL oIx w U LOT 731 0 o• __ VACANT c — -- — — -- - - - PROPERTY LOCATED IN FLOOD ZONES 'X & AE' �f 44 BASE-ELEVATIONi 4.0- LLJ z _ q M •�. COMMUNITY PANEL NO., 120285- 0311-K 3 DATEDi 02/19/2020 Z Z `o O PROPERTY STREET ADDRESSi W .726 NETTLES BLVD. N r �� JENSEN BEACH, FL., 34957 m � Z Z G��� PREPARED FORT PAULETTE CHAPMAN ClzQ LOT 725 Z m pG�PG Q V) BOUNDARY SURVEY w FND. 5/8" Le. 43 ACCURIGHT LAND SURVEYING, INC. z NO I.D. KOX W _.. - ,LICENSED-•-BUSINMR NO. SYMBOLS 6607 = Ld N In - GARBAGE CAN w o - LIGHT POLE a A to - WATER METER _j �o E❑ - ELECTRIC BOX EARLE R. STARKEY — PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYOR U > A� 00.00 X _ EXISTING ELEVATION REGISTRATION N0. 4459 — STATE OF FLORIDA o� SURVEY NOT VALID WITHOUT THE SIGNATURE, AND ORIGINAL Q V) FND. 5/8' CENTERLINE y I.B. NO I.D. RAISED SEAL OF A FLORIDA LICENSED LAND SURVEYOR AND MAPPER -. Ii'�i 1Fv �•Y . Engineering.J,Yrt of Inc. ,i Andrew Manero, JPI, Inc. St Lucie County Permitting Department 2300 Virginia Avenue Ft. Pierce, FL 34982 February 8, 2021 RE: Permit # 2101-0126 Paulette Chapman 726 Nettles Boulevard Mobile Home Foundation Project. Greetings Andrew Manero, Below is the response to comments dated 1/22/2021: Comment #1: Provide survey with flood zones. Response #1: Please refer to the previously submitted survey by Accurite Land Surveying, Inc. The flood zone is identified on this plan as highlighted in cyan color. A FEMA FIRMette plan has been included for reference. Note: All grades shown reference vertical datum NAVD-88. Comment #2: Provide an engineered foundation and bracing plan. Response #2: The submitted plan consists of engineering notes on pier height and anchor spacing, which require the following: 1. Door and frame piers shall beset as shown on the attached foundation and bracing plan with a maximum spacing of T-0". The frame supports provide reinforcement which exceed the Manufacturer's provided Pier Point Layout Plan (for Wind Zone II) dated 6/12/2020 (included for reference). 2. Anchors shall be set on the frame at a maximum spacing of 5'-0" on center which exceed the Manufacturer's recommendations for Wind Zone II installation of this unit.. Please refer to the attached Frame Anchor Detail (with stabilizer plate) (Manual page 72). Comment #3: Provide engineered design for the stairs. Mobile home will be built up 8'. Response #3: The home will not be built up 8' high. The home will only be required to be built up to a height as defined by the St Lucie County LDC, which is 18 inches above the adjacent road crown, or ELEV = 5.0' NAVD-88 per grades shown on the survey. 1. The home is planned to be set upon a three and a half (3%) CMU pier, which is +/-28" (2.3') in height. This will put the bottom of the mobile home at ELEV = 6.6' NAVD-88 which is sufficient in elevation to comply with St Lucie County building finished floor elevation requirements. Please refer to the attached Manufacturer's Installation Manual Pier Detail (less than 36") (Manual page 34). 2. Mechanical ductwork will all be contained within the bottom layers of the mobile. home thus above this elevation too. The air handler unit should be installed on a concrete slab at ELEV. = 5.0 NAVD-88 in the location as shown on the survey. 3. A Trex deck and stairs will be constructed to the front sliding glass door. It will be no greater than the elevation flush to the door sill and will be +/- 38" (3.2') in height. The dimension of the deck will be +/- 5 foot long by 6 foot wide (30 square feet) with aluminum handrail. The rear door will have normal mobile home fiberglass steps with aluminum handrail. Last, since the height of the home has been clarified, please confirm if engineering is still required for the front sta i rs. Comment #4: Documents missing. Further review of documents required. Response #4: Please see the following attached documents for final review. 1. Engineered foundation and bracing plan. 2. FEMA FIRMette Flood Zone Map. 3. Survey with highlighted Flood Zone Information. 4. Manufacturer's HUD Standard Specifications. 5. Manufacturer's Flooring and Blocking Plan. 6. Manufacturer's Installation Manual. Final comment: These plans and installation procedures described above as well as in the following attachments comply with St Lucie County Standards the Manufacturer's recommended installation plan as well as any applicable items set forth in the 2016 Florida Building Code 6th Edition. I look forward to hearing back from you soon. Have a great day. Sincerely, Arthur Dylan O'Berry, P.E. Art of Engineering, Inc. 2674 SE Ruffin Terrace Port St Lucie, FL 34952 www.artofengineering.net (772) 203-0664 � PdP `try' 895-£2 " s$1r.E4i�+ o. 10 ON AL In1-0# OJ ECT u5-1yo CATION; A1A PAULETTE CHAPMAN 726 NETTLES BOULEVARD JENSEN BEACH, FL 34957 JURISDICTION: ST LUCIE COUNTY PARCEL INFO: 4502-501-0912-000-7 NETTLES ISLAND INC, A CONDO -SECTION II PARCEL 726 ANDPRO-RATA SHARE IN COMMON ELEMENTS ENGINEERING NOTES: 1. ALL CONSTRUCTION WORK SHALL COMPLY WITH THE SAFETY PROVISIONS OF ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LAWS. 2. THESE PLANS COMPLY WITH THE LATEST STANDARDS OF THE 2017 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE 6TH EDITION. 3. BASE FLOOD ELEVATION 3.1. BFE ELEV. = 4.0 NAVD-88 3.2. REF. FEMA FIRMETTE 4. FINISHED FLOOR ELEVATION 4.1. MIN FFE ELEV. = 6.0 NAVD-88 4.2. 18" ABOVE ADJACENT ROAD CROWN 4.3. REF. ST LUCIE COUNTY LAND DEV. CODE 5. A/C PAD 5.1. SET AT MIN ELEV. = 5.0 NAVD-88 6. REFERENCE MANUFACTURERS INSTALLATION MANUAL. 7. PIERS 7.1. STANDARD BLOCKING (LESS THANK 36") 7.2. HEIGHT 2-1/2 CMU. 7.3. SPACING MAX. 5'-0" O.C. 7.4. REF. PAGE 34. 8. ANCHORS 8.1. SPACING MAX. 5'-0" O.C. 8.2. REF. PAGE 72. 9. STAIRS 9.1. FIBERGLASS WITH ALUM. HANDRAIL. 9.2. SEE NETTLES ISLAND PARK STANDARDS. 10. REFERENCE SURVEY BY ACCURITE SURVEY. KNOW WHAT'S BELOW ' ALWAYS CALL 811 ® BEFORE YOU DIG M. roL Marna Ira 9.Im. www.callsunshlne.com PLANS LEGEND ® I -BEAM PIERS (14) ® DOOR PIERS (6) SCALE: 1:5 2.83' 6.00' '®'ZAS TYP. SKYLINE REVI SWED FOR MANUFACTURED HOME CODE COMPLIANCE ST. LU IE C/+OUNTY OCC RECEIVED FEB 2 3 2021 Permitting D-apartment St. Lucie County t\ �' <<. �' l�o. �3fs6''12 � ' ■: o ■ • ST LUCIE COUNTY PERMIT NO: 2101-0126 ' .° ..e nIF :N q 0 0 Q o eI N N Z Q Q n ul N Z U N 6 N > - tV H U w O C to O 0 G a 2> U Z J Z W) OQrn M J J Z Z ❑ LL 0M0f (L _ F W W W M 2_jImw = LU LLj Zto Z M Arthur Dylan O'Berry 2674 SE Ruffin Terrace Port St Lucie, FL 34952 P.E. No. 88512 U1411 Date:2/4/21 PROJECT NO. 2021-001 SHEET 1 OF 1 National Flood Hazard Layer FIRMette *PEMA 80°13'42"W 27°17'25"N 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Legend SEE FIS REPORT FOR DETAILED LEGEND AND INDEX MAP FOR FIRM PANEL LAYOUT Without Base Flood Elevation (BFE) } Zone A, V, A99 SPECIAL FLOOD With BFE or Depth Zone AE; AD, AH, WAR HAZARD,AREAS j Regulatory Floodway OTHER AREAS OF FLOOD HAZARD 0.2%Annual Chance Flood Hazard, Area of i% annual chance flood with average depth less than one foot or with drelnag� areas of less than one square mile zone) Future Conditions 1%Annual Chance Flood Hazard zone Area with Reduced Flood Risk due to e' d Levee. See Notes. zone x Area with Flood Risk due to Leveezone D NO SCREEN Area of MinimalFloodHazard zonex 0 Effective LOMRs OTHER AREAS Area of Undetermined Flood Hazard zonE GENERAL — Channel, Culvert, or Storm Sewer STRUCTURES I l i l l t t Levee, Dike, or Floodwall a 202 Cross Sections with 1%Annual Chance 17.5 Water Surface Elevation a — — — Coastal Transect »µ-sn— Base Flood Elevation Line (BFE) Limit of Study ® Jurisdiction Boundary -- --- Coastal Transact Baseline OTHER _ Profile Baseline FEATURES Hydrographic Feature Digital Data Available N No Digital Data Available MAP PANELS ® Unmapped The pin displayed on the map Is an approximate point selected by the user and does not represe an authoritative property location. This map complies with FEMA's standards for the use of digital flood maps If It Is not void as described below. The basemap shown complies with FEMA's basemap accuracy standards The flood hazard Information is derived directly from the authoritative NFHL web services provided by FEMA. This map was exported on 2/2/2021 at 11t11 AM and does not reflect changes or amendments subsequent to this date and time. The NFHL and effective Information may change or become superseded by new data over time. This map Image Is vold If the one or more of the following map elements do not appear. basemap Imagery, flood zone labels, legend, scale bar, map creation date, community identifiers, FIRM panel number, and FIRM effective date. Map Images for unmapped and unmodemized areas cannot be used for regulatory purposes. I p. NO I.D.D �� O AFND. 5/4r NO I.D. at LOT V7 f vAoAhoj, ! a F SET PAIL do ✓ K� �' WASHER 0,45.9 % �. v .,•. ` o. as � � �. a 4 Qr'' 3 ty AQ 37'-4" 4" 18'-8" TRANSOM TRANSOM wSTATAC --- �o _a ❑ ❑ L—�M%1 OPT UM � BEOR� M KRCHENIDINING_ _ J 8"a:" I POCKET DOOR POCKET I I DOO I I 0 ITV I l V 6' AfF I I I 110V Recopt 3 . I I _ _ _ wAtl Berke —— LASS I � �-------J - JTRAY CEILING I TRAY CEILING SEAT Side Sa' i 5Id SLIDING GLASS DOOR TRANSOM TRANSOM TRANSOM Factory Expo 37'-4" f 3714-1 CK o6/12/2mo 13164 D mm-mm mm im EIS gm am oepi/= I= 3nm of - DRAVM NUUM 14-04097-01N ' MAX 37'-4° 1' MAX. -I— u u 29-r U-s V-10' q17041 2f--4' 2e-4' 7701 -------- 12401 1240/ PIER POINT LAYOUT (PIERS 01--REMIT & CENIERLNE NITHOUT PERIMETER FOUNDATION) NOTE REGARDING UTIUTY DROPS: ALL MEASMENTS ARE APPROIWATE. PIER POINT LAYOUT DIEVIS DESIGNm EM 20 ESIE ROT ZONE X QM Sff= SEE INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR LOADING CAPACITIES 0 I -BEAM PIER SUPPMRI - SEE INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR LOADING CAPACITIES Q SIDEWALL PIER SUPPORTS: SEE ABOVE DIAGRAM FOR LOC. OF DOORS OR 4 OR LARGER MIN(fOctory Expo In 11 112 Uri i im i 18i j 143 1 ,63 PIERS REVO UNDER SIDEWALL PORCH COLUh91S CONTACT MANUFACTURING OMSION FOR LOCATIONS, I 06/,2/2m 13164 D. 37'-4" 13714-1CK nm am ECS nm mn:tm, 14-04097-01 N CONSTRUCTION FEATURES: • Wind Zone II • 7 Year Limited Warranty, Best in the Industry! • 8'Sidewall Heightw/ Cathedral Ceilings • Flat Ceiling on Single Sections • Vaulted Ceiling On Multi -Sections • 2x6" Exterior Walls, 16" On Center • 2x6" Floor Joists, 16" On Center (24 & 28 wides) • 2x8" Floor Joists, 16" On Center (32 wides) • OSB Exterior Wall Sheathing with House Wrap • OSB Tongue & Groove Floor Decking • OSB Roof Decking • Roof Ridge Vent • Insulation: R-19 Ceiling, R-19 Wall, R-11 Floor EXTERIOR FEATURES: • 25 Year A/R Shingles with Painted Drip Edge • 7" Minimum Overhangs with Vented Soffit • Vinyl Lap Siding • Vinyl Insulated Low-E Windows • Lineal Exterior Window Treatment - All Windows • 4 Lite Fiberglass Front Door w/Deadbolt & Storm • 36" 9-Lite Fiberglass Rear Door w/ Deadbolt & Storm • Low-E Sliding Glass Door with Grids (per plan) INTERIOR FEATURES: • Textured Ceiling • 1/2" Finished Drywall Throughout, Bullnose Corners • Painted Cove, Baseboard, Door & Window Trim • Painted Window Sills • 2" Blinds with White Wood Cornices • Vertical Blind at Sliding Glass Door(per plan) SOLDBY: Factory F,�cpo factory Direct Pricing' HOME CENTERS • Plush Nylon Carpeting with 5 Lb. Rebond Pad • LUX Vinyl Floor Tile • Vinyl Foyer at Front Door (per plan) • Raised Panel Passage Doors, (3) Mortised Hinges • 36" Passage Doors to Bedrooms (per plan) • Double By -Pass Wardrobe Doors (per plan) • Lever Door Handles • Wire & Brace for Ceiling Fan in LR and Master • Dining Chandelier • Switched Ceiling Lights in Walk -In Closets • Subway Tile Backsplash in Kitchen & Baths • Crescent Edge Countertops in Kitchen & Baths KITCHEN & APPLIANCES: • Hardwood or White Painted Cabinet Face Frames • Choice of Cabinet Doors • Cabinet Over Refrigerator • Hidden Cabinet Door Hinges • Lined Overhead Cabinets • Adjustable Overhead and Base Cabinets • Designer Cabinet Hardware • Full Extension Soft -Close Drawer Guides • Drawer Over Door Base Cabinet Construction • Bank of Drawers • Recessed LED Lighting • 18 CIF 2-Door Frost Free Refrigerator by Whirlpool • 30" Free Standing Deluxe Electric Range by Whirlpool • Designer Range Hood with Light and Fan • High -Rise Single Lever Faucet with Sprayer • 8" Deep Stainless Steel Sink 1230 SW 10th St. Ocala, FL34471 Local:352-462-2300 Fax:352-462-2305 NANUFACTUBED BY: SIG�I.iNE Last Updated:10-23-20 BATH FEATURES: • Ceramic Tub and Shower Walls (Excluding Singlewides) • Clear Shower Enclosure • Residential Drop -In Tub (per plan) • Raised Lavies - Banjo Lavy in Guest Bath (per plan) • China Sinks with Overflow Drain • Single Lever Temp -Stop Faucets at Tub & Shower • Dual Handle Metallic Lavy Faucets • Curved Rod with Decorator Overdrape at Tub • Towel Bar & Tissue Holders • 2-Bulb Vanity Lights Over Mirrors • Bank of Drawers in Master Bath • Elongated Commodes • Transom Windows (per plan) • Vent Fans with Lights ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING, A/C & UTILITY: • 200 AMP Service - Cabinet Door at Panel Box • Smoke Alarms with Battery Backup • Exterior Receptacle • PEX Fresh Water Lines • 30 Gallon Electric Water Heater with Pan (per plan) • Water Shut -Off Valves Throughout • Engineered Overhead Duct System • Whole House Ventilation System • Multi -Direction Ceiling Grids • In the Ceiling Room to Room Air Exchange • USB Charger Receptacle in Kitchen • Plumbed for Washer, 220V Wire for Dryer Our Manufactured Homes are crafted by Skyline Homes in Ocala, FL, where the principles of cutting edge technology and design innovation are artfully blended to produce high quality yet VALUE -BASED recreational and residential homes. Leading the competition in experience and value, Skyline is one of America's largest and most trusted home builders. Thank you for making Factory Expo Home Centers and Skyline your choice X of home builder. Customer Initials/Date IMPORTANT: Alta Cima Corp reserves the right to modify, cancel or substitute products or features of this event at any time without prior notice or obligation. Pictures and other promotional materials are representative and may depict or contain floor plans, square footages, elevations, options, upgrades, extra design features, decorations, floor coverings, specialty light fixtures, custom paint and wall coverings, window treatments, landscaping, sound and alarm systems, furnishings, appliances, and other designer/decorator features and amenities that are not included as part of the home and/or may not be available at all locations. Home, pricing and community information is subject to change, and homes to prior sale, at any time without notice or obligation. 02020 Alta Cima Corp. All rights reserved. 1. Establish staging area. Establish a staging area directly adjacent to one or both sides of the foundation. r 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- turer's directions. 3. Fasten bump blocks. Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. 4. Roll home. Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks. Remove) the blocks before installing the next section of a multi -section home. CRANES When using a crane, follow these guidelines: • Position the home section(s) and crane (taking the boom reach into consid- eration) such that they do not have to be repositioned during the set. • Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. • Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys- tem, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. • Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over previously set sections. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up on jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer's blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 18). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as measured from the top of the footing or pad to the top of the cap. See Table 12 for pier construction requirements. oFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 i // Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structural damage to the home. Install piers at all re- quired locations. Failure to do so may lead to sagging floors, walls, and roofs, and could void the home's war- ranty. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 32 905 11 Set the Home Conforms to HUD MHCSS TABLE 11. PIER MATERIAL MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS 12/16/09 Nominal dimensions of at least 8" x 8" x 16'; minimum load 8,000 lbs; confirming to ASTM designation C90, grade N. Solid masonry (nominal 4" x 8" x 16" pre -cast concrete without reinforceme`nt); ptessure treated lumber • +(nominal 2' x 8" x 16 ); orsteel (minimurri -117Ihick, corrosion protected<by a7nin. of a llU mil coating of an exter of1paint or equivalent). , . .. Nominal 2" thick boards. calledShims Hardwood,.minimum 4 .width by minimum.W 1'ength by maximum 1" thick (nominal); plastic must�be listed (also; wedges) with maximum load capacityused in pairs. . Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- cal load capacity, and where required by design, for the appropriate horizontal load capacity. Metal or cast • other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of .30 oz per sq. ft of surface coated. rpreservative, With a water borne is accordance -with A_ WPA.Standard U1-04 for Use Category 45 ground contact applications. , TABLE 12. PIER CONSTRUCTION Maximum offset Maximum load Mortar and reinforce- topConfiguration to.. ess fawn 3E iFl except "Single -stack blocks with long , comer piers than 3 /z" 8,000 lbs. Not required blocks high) side perpendicular to I-beam Petween 36 in and 67 in 1" up to 36" and corner piers over 3 Double, interlocked blocks high) 16,000 lbs. Not required blocks high Over 67 in besigned by a registeted engineer or registered architect Single -stack blocks with long ,/Z' up to 36" high, Perimeter 54 in or less* side parallel to perimeter rail 8,000 lbs. Not required 1" over 36" high (rim joist) 54 in•or,less* side Sing(perpendicular to thelong .,,/z' up to 36" high, g 000 I,bs. Not required ' marriage line 1" over 36"' high * Construct perimeter and marriage line piers over 54 inches according to the requirements for frame piers of the same height. 1. Prepare footing surface. Make sure the footing surface upon which the pier CD sits is flat and smooth. Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks, .� or other material off the surface of the footing. For cast -in -place concrete foot- ings, if the footing surface is uneven, create a level, flat surface by placing a Z treated board on the footing and mortaring on the first block (or manufactured m pier base), or by placing the first block (or manufactured pier base) on a layer p of premix dry sand mortar. v 2. Stack blocks. Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. 0 When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side -by -side, orient each layer D at right angles to the previous one (Figure 18) and plan blocks so that split —I caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and to the I-beam. z Figure 17A. Multiple Piers. Z to Typical metal plot. See Table 11 D Where available piers do not r .: have -the requiied'capacity, tvio r" of mare pieis,maybe.used_ T8e surdof the pier, capacities shall be at least equal to,the load O specified. Z Z C D Multiple Piers r 12/8120093:15:01 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 33 is to 1/15/09 Main I -Beam Wood Shins to Fa Gaps Up to 1'Max Optcrelw Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Cap or2x8x16 P.T. or Hardwood Cap Typical 8x&16 Concrete Block Typical Footing Mair Wood Shin Gaps Up t( ' Optional (2 (1) 2x12 4x8x16 G7nc Typica Concre i I Typical Forty I 3. Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon. When using split caps on double -stacked block`piers, install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and to the main (- beam. 4. Install shims. Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the base of the I-beam and the top of the pier cap. Always use shims in pairs (Figure 19). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of vertical space. When the space to be shimmed is greater than one inch and less than the minimum thickness of available caps or concrete blocks, use hardwood dimensional lumber (two inches maximum thickness) or 2" or 4" thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lum- ber/blocks over each individual cap. 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. USING A WATER' LEVEL A water level is a standarddevice for leveling the home. The level consists of the .following components: • One container (five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). • 150 feet of 1/2 inch diameter plastic tubing Figure 18. Frame pier con- struction V&AZZA Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- low it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. Figure 19. Correct shim placement Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using stan- dard unit dimensions (with- out cutting). V I &// Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is 34 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Install Stabilizing Systems This chapter covers the design and installation of the stabilizing system which secures the home against lateral and upward forces caused by wind. The system covered here uses earth (or ground) anchors and steel straps connected to the home's longitudinal steel beams and/or exterior walls. Stabilizer plates may also be used to prevent the anchor head from moving laterally in the ground. An anchor, strap, and stabilizer plate (if used) together are referred to as a tie -down. Anchors can also be mounted in concrete footings when there is enough concrete mass (weight) to resist the lateral and upward forces. This type of system is not covered in this manual. STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS (p. 65) STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION (p. 71) STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS (p. 71) STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 72) STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 73), STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS (p. 76) STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS Create a sketch of the home plan showing the exterior walls, marriage line(s) (if any) and frame I -beams (this will be similar to the base sketch created in Prepare Footings, page 18). See Table 19 for a list of anchor locations, types, and where they are required. Pages where the requirements are provided are noted in the last column. As each anchor location is determined, mark it on the sketch, noting important dimen- sions such as spacing between anchors. When complete, this will be the home's tie - down plan (Figure 69 and Figure 70). TABLE 19. ANCHOR LOCATION TYPES uonnec[ any racwry-insrairou siuewai ue-uuwn wraps io a yrounu anchor regaruiess or ure wino zone in which the home is placed. 2. Install marriage line anchors prior to moving the home over the top of the anchor locations and then return to Set the Home or Complete Multi -Section Set respectively. Figure 69 and Figure 70 illustrate typical anchor locations for a double -section home in Wind Zone I and Wind Zones II and III respectively. Need for a stabilizing sys- tem. The manufactured home must be secured against the wind by the use of an anchor assembly or an alternative foundation system. Where site or other conditions prohibit the use of the manufac- turer's instructions, a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect must design the stabilizing system. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use in flood or seismic hazard areas. In those areas retain a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect to design the stabilizing system. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 65 Marriage Line Kew �—Anchor Head • — Strap ®.--_ Vertical Tie -down Idewall Frame Tie -down � � A-), CA Marriage wall vertical tie -down. Extend strap to far I -Beam for Doublewide units with 5/12 Roof pitch. Endwall Tie -downs 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 R\Sidewall vertical tie -down. Marriage Line SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 20, 21, and 22 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II, and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi -section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing, and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Check the anchor manu- facturer instructions to determine if there is a minimum spacing between anchors. Keep in mind that sidewall frame tie -downs must be located no more than two feet from each end wall. 66 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 69. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zone I Figure 70. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zones 11 or 111 Vr ZZ Maximum spacing re- quirements. The LAHJ may have anchor spacing requirements that super - cede the values provided in this manual. APW Conforms to' HUD MHCSS 6/19/14 6/17/20141:25:24 PM Systems 4q� Conforms to HIID MHCSS 1115109 TABLE 2 . WIND ZE__) Wfr$IDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING Height from Roof Sidlewall I -be . slope.. , degrees) -maximum 5112 (26.5 degrees) spacingFloor width height .. .. .. . - Up to 22" - 5'-4" IIIIIIII1Jl/7j7j,/ t 22" to 48" - M.A. \``\T• FGyG.,�, 48" 67" to -^ N.A. ]!V• •Q�G\STEj�o•• ����� Up to 25" -'y N.A. -- PE 19600312 - 25" to 48" - N.A. -_ - Lessthan 48" to 67" - 4 N.A. �% •� STATE OF a v- Upto25" - 4'-0" ��.�••°.!NOIANp:••'••4- ? - - . -- More than 48" to 67" - N A.�SS�ONA'I��G�`��`` 9 -0Up.to,25" _- �� N.A. p 2009.01.09 - -__- 25" to 48" - N.A. j 7! 11:23:58-08'00' 48"to67' _ -- N.A. _-- ^--_-- Up to 25" 5'4" 6-4" 5'-4" 25°to48"._._________ — N.A. �- N.A.u. 5,4 --- • 48" to 67^.`.^--- N.A. N.A. 5'-4' Up to 25" 4'-0" �e 4'-0" ~ 5'4' -` 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'4 More 48" to 67" - N.A. - N.A.--�- ----- 5'4' -- - • Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' 5'4 or 25" to 48" -_. � - __ ____ N.A. _ __ ~--` - -___N.A. N.A. 5' 4 � re than- 48" to 67" N.A. __ 5'-4' LUp to 25"- '__--- N.A. - ---- NA. ----- --- 5'-4'91-01, 99.51, 25" to 48" -48°to67"._.__._.__..—N.A. N.A. N.A. - 5'-4' -- N.A._._.___. 5-4_.._- -- - Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'-4' or 25" to 48" 4'-0" - 4'-0" - 5'-4' ---- '-- 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' -- -- Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" - 5'-0' 99.51, 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'A' More than 48°ta67"_-- N.A.NA•-_.___-___.__.___. 5.-4________ • Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'A" 5'A' or 25"to 48" N.A.— v N.A. _ --- '-4' - -- More than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'4 Up to 25" ,. --- -4--0" 4 0_�, - --_-- -------- 5'-4' -4 - - 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' 67"—__-__-- N.A. --- -.- ------__ N.A. _..__-- _.-_-----_-------- •--- _ ---. _— 5A' - ---- - Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" - 5'-4' • -------- 25" to 48" _.—..-_..-----'-------'--_._.___-------.� 4,-0" -- --- -- --- —4 -0" - ---- _----- --- - 5 4' -- --- _.__.----------. __ .-------_.-.-. _-----_. 48" to 67" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'-4' • Up-to-25" 5:4; .. 5,4" 5'-4' 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'A' • - than 48" to.67" N.A. N.A. - 5'-4' Up to 25" 5'4" 5'-4" 5'4' More than 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0` - 5'-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 5'A' Up to 25" 5'4" 6'-4" 5'A' -- 25" to 48" 4'-0" --- N.A. -- -- -- - - - - 5'4' 48" to 67" NA. N.A. �_-- _------ -- - 5,4' 68 SKyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM SIDEWALL VERTICAL ANCHORS Homes designed for Wind Zones II and III also require vertical tie -downs along the side - walls. The vertical tie -down anchor straps (or brackets for connecting to the home) are factory installed and indicate the locations. Vertical and frame sidewall tie -downs may connect to one double -headed anchor or each to its own dedicated anchor. Any factory -installed sidewall tie -down straps must be connected to a ground anchor re- gardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS 1 End wall frame tie -downs are especially important for homes that are wider and have higher roof pitches because those features increase the surface area exposed to wind loads at the ends of the home. Use Table 23 to determine the number of end wall frame anchors required at the each end of each home section. End wall frame tie -downs are not required at Wind Zone I. PFS#®5. Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 23. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS REQUIRED PER HOME SECTION ON EACH END OF THE HOME Wind Zone II Wind Zone III Maximum 12' 14' 16' & 18' 12' 14' 16' & 18' sidewall Maximum section section section section section section height roof pitch width width width width width width V, 6„ c - a> o C U 9'-01 7'-6" -z, o 3 � 2 m rn 9,-0„ MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS In Wind Zones II and III, marriage line anchors are required along the marriage wall. In Wind Zone I marriage line anchors are sometimes required. (Figure 80) There may be manufacturer -installed brackets indicating required tie -down locations (may be identified by tags or paint). If necessary to avoid interference with tie -downs, the marriage line pier location may be offset horizontally from the column by a maximum of 6 inches. TAG UNIT FRAME ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. TAG UNIT VERTICAL ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. PORCH POST ANCHORS At Wind Zone II or III install tie -down strap to a ground anchor through the factory in- stalled bracket. Install ground anchor and tie -down strap at each factory installed bracket. OFFSET UNIT ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for offset units. \\\` %%%IIIIIIIN/!l��i PEY T. Leo /* eG�sTEAF.9G��'�y PE19600312 STATE OF JF Q �,0 OA1�' •.'�OIANP •' ;�(��``� �SS+�ONA i SIO!3 Jeffrey T. Legault �( 2009.01.09 11:23:28-05'00' When to install marriage line anchors. Anchors along the marriage line must be installed prior to the second half of a multi - section home being set. Setting the strap angle. When straps are con- nected only to the near (- beam, (Figure 71) the an- gle the strap makes with the ground should be be- tween 30 degrees and 60 degrees. Angles greater than 60 degrees may re- quire closer anchor spac- ing. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 70 t� Conforms to HUD MHCS: 3/19109 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION There are two primary tie -down configurations: the near beam and the far beam meth- ods. Skyline Corporation use the near beam method for all Wind Zone I applications. The near beam method is also used at Wind Zones II and III, except when a unit has a 5 in 12 roof pitch, and then the far beam method is used. The two methods are described below: • Near Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the beam closest to the anchor. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double -headed anchor. • Far Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the out- side beam. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double - headed anchor. The far beam method is only required for double wide units at Wind Zone II or III with a 5/12 roof pitch. Sidewall Vertical Tie -down (Wind Zone II or III). I -Beam Far I -Beam G/ro/4nd Level .Near Beam sidewall frame tie -down r( Angle - 30 to 60 degrees Far Beam sidewall frame tie -down (5/12 Roof pitch units at Wind Zone II or III). plate Ground Anchor STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS Use the torque probe results from Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL - BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15) and the anchor manufacturer instruc- tions; select the type and length of anchor to use. The installed ground anchor size (length) must be listed (i.e. approved) for the soil class. Make sure the anchor is of sufficient length such that the top of the helix is below the frost line. Select a shaft diameter sufficient to resist excessive torsion, "ring-ofl" (when the helix or anchor head separates from shaft) or shaft splitting. Consult the anchor sup- plier for guidance. Review all of STEP 3. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 71) and STEP 4. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 72) before making final anchor selections to determine when single -headed vs. double - headed anchors should be used. Follow the specifications in Table 30 when selecting stabilizing system components. Figure 71. Lateral tie -down configurations 3118/20091:30:55 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 71 Conforms to HUD MHCSS - I 1/15/09 TABLE 24. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS .. Anchors must bekte'sted and listed fo re§ist a minimum ultimate load of 4;725-lbs and.a minimum allowable,! working•loadjof31`50 Ills orultimate'and.coCT9$ponding working load�limited',by,soil conditons- and.anchoef • -length. The,working.load is the maximum load the designer can use. Ground anchors'must be provided j� with -protection against weather deterioration, and corrosion.at'least equivalent tothat provided by a coating., of zinc on steel of not less than'0:30 ozper sq ft 'of surface coated. Straps must be minimum 1-1/4" x 0.035" zinc -coated (0.30 oz per sq ft) steel strapping conforming to ASTM D3953-97, Type 1, Grade 1, Finish B with a minimum allowable working load capacity of 3,150 Ibs and a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 lbs. Slit or cut edges of zinc -coated strapping do not need to be zinc coated. The size and type:of stabilizer plate, ,if required by the ground anchor manufacturer;"will'be specified in the anchor manufacturer`s instructions. Stabilizer.plates'must be provided with, protection against weather. li • deterioration and corrosion at leastequivalent to'that�provided by a coating of zinc on steel of noYless'than 0.30 oz persq ft:of's'U FNce coated: Altematively, ABS stabilizer,plates may tie used when listed and certi= :filed for such,use. STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS Before beginning anchor installation, check for obstructions under the home such as piers and frame members that may interfere with the tie down strapping. Check with util- ity companies to determine the location of underground utilities, such as electrical and @Grading phone lines, and water, sewer, and gas pipes that may be buried in potential anchor lo- cations. Also check for homeowner -installed wires and pipes, such as those connecting area exterior lighting or sheds to the home. These must also be avoided. around anchors. Anchor � heads should not rest in FRAME ANCHORS sunken spots. Grade the Frame anchors can be installed in two ways, in -line and against a stabilizer plate. The ground so that water does two methods are discussed below: not collect around anchor heads, but runs away from In -Line Configuration the anchor and out from The in -line configuration (Figure 72) for homes can be used in Wind Zone I only. Typi- under the home. Do not cally, in -line anchors are used under high homes where the anchors can be installed bury anchor heads. from under the home after the home is set. In -line anchors can also be installed before the home is set, however, precisely aligning the anchor with the home both vertically and horizontally is difficult. Using swivel connectors for the strap to beam connection can provide some horizontal flexibility. , To install in -line frame anchors, drive the anchor into the ground at an angle and location such that a straight line can be drawn from the tip of the anchor through the anchor head and to the connection point on the I-beam (Figure 73). Figure 72. In -line anchor configuration Figure 73. Stabilizer plate Main Main configuration Beam Beam Sidewall Frame Sidewall Frame Tie -Down Strap Pier Tie -Down Strap Pier Ground Ground Anchorwilh Anchor Stabilizer Plate 31 I I I —III I I I I I I I II I I I I 1 II I I IE I Stabilizer Plate Configuration Stabilizer plate configuration Figure are suitable for homes in all wind zones. An- chors may be installed after the ome is set. A stabilizer device, typically an ABS or metal plate, is used to prevent the top of the anchor from slicing through the soil when the load is applied. Stabilizer plates are available in a variety of widths. Choose the wid- est plate that can be driven into the soil to maximize resistance to movement. The LAHJ Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 72 may have stabilizer plate requirements. Install anchors with stabilizer plates as follows: 1. Locate anchor. Select a ,location for the anchor under the home but within six inches of the exterior wall (Figure 74). Aviod locations that will interfere with skirting. is Stabilizer plate 2. Install anchor. To assure that the anchor attachment point will end up at the stabilizer plate, start the anchor insertion approximately 12 inches back from from the desired location if using a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 inches if using a 60 inch long anchor. Install the anchor at about 15 degrees off vertical, with the head tilted away from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of approximately one half its length. 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step 1. 4. Complete anchor installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect straps from the home to sidewall frame, end wall frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp corners including around [-beams with radius clips or other methods (Figure 75). Radius clips may be fabricated from 26ga (min) by 1 '/-inch wide galvanized steel strap formed to fit around corners. Longitudal Bracket N Protect Top and Bottom of Beam'rf 1-Beam Strap is Wrapped Around Beam PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 74. Determining an- chor and stabilizer plate lo- cation Soil depression. Do not locate anchor heads in soil depressions where water may pool. Figure 75. Radius clips 4-48 PG. 1) 73 i 4 1'yV1�Tl S�V• � � 1 A C. *iJ -w �� Yri^.a �ic _ t._ ti /. • �, r ... + r 4 1 77* , Y � of>�i Q ;} V� �� � � � "-• X � . �. � _ � L . tom, �� j� 7 � 'ri' ~. 1 Kam" yT r, ..�,�^.. Y. :.1 4 } �' ,--Six,�T ��'- �x-s_ � j*-r .r� �� 11, .<,., •�� �y°- �+1 "�'� ySx. �,r( : I I I I I va M I w 19:4 00-010111[ :11[:1Its] INi'IC:IIlore AP Using the Manual HUD MC1CS5 1/15/09 This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter. As you read it, identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need; construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation; and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual, refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward. Select either Single Section Home or a Multi -Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home's foundation type, either Pier and Ground Anchor or Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall (see Definitions, p. 4). Then complete the work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an alternative (proprietary) foundation system, the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturer directions for instructions. See page 6 for alternative foundation system criteria. SECTIONSINGLE • Pier and Ground Anchor Load -Bearing Perimeter, Wall Pier and Ground Anchor •HOME Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall Getting Started (p. 8) Getting Started (p. 8) Getting Started (p. 8) Getting Started (p. 8) V V Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Install Footings (p. 1'8) Construct Foundation Install Footings (p. 18) Construct Foundation (p. 28) ♦ (p. 28) Set the Home (p:30) ♦ Set the Home (p. 30) Connect Utilities (p. 77) V Complete Roof and Exte- Install Stabilizing System T Complete Multi -Section rior Walls (p. 47) (p.-65) Prepare Appliances and Set (p. 36) V ''Equipment (p. 86) ♦ Connect Crossovers. Connect Utilities (p. 77) V Complete Roof and Exte- ('p. 52) V . Complete Under the rior Walls (p; 47) Prepare Appliances -and - Home and Site -Built ♦ Complete Interior (p. 63) Equipment (p. 86) Structures (p. 96) Connect Crossovers ('p. 52) Connect Utilities (p. 77) Complete Under the Prepare Home for'Occu- .Home and' Site Built pancy (p. 99) Complete Interior(0. 63) Prepare,Appliances and', Structures (p. 96) V ♦ Equipment (p. 86) ♦ Complete Installation Install Stabilizing System Prepare Home for Occu- Checklist (p. 100) (p. 65) Complete Under the pancy (p. 99), ♦ Home and Site Built Connect. Utilities (p. 77)i. Structures (p. 96) Complete Installation Checklist (D. 100); " _ — -_ = Prepare Appliances and. Prepare Home for Occu- Equipment (p. 86) pancy (p. 99) ♦ V Complete Under the Complete Installation Home andI Site Built. Checklist (p,-10% Structures (p:96) Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 99) V Complete Installation Checklist (p. 100), Disclaimer The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance, its members, consultants, contractors and representatives make no representations, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, as to the accuracy or appropriateness of any materials or information in this manual for use in a specific home, nor assume any liability for the use of the information, methods, or materials contained herein, or for damages arising from any such use. Copyright © 2008 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance ISSN 1529-3424 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 2 • y � Introduction This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. Please read all instructions and any other documents (includ- ing addendum pages and supplements) that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. This installation manual covers permits and site work through final inspection of the installation. It covers both single and multi -section homes installed over pier", and anchor, load bearing crawl space walls and basement foundations. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures, for the set and hookup of manufactured homes to be used as single- family dwellings. The importance of correct installation cannot be over -emphasized. Correct installation is absolutely essential to home- owner satisfaction and the structural integrity of the home. All instructions must be followed to provide the customer with a safe, quality home. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions, further clarification, or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this manual, please contact the manufacturer (see Resources, p. 4), a registered engineer, or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual. Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede. the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES • The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation.. The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. I • To keep the home in compliance with its warranty, the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer. Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home's warranty. Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. • When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions, or encounters site conditions (such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk) or other conditions that prevent the use of the'instructions provided in this manual, the installer must obtain special site -specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. • The installer must possess amalid installation license as a manufactured home installer. • If the installer identifies failures of the home to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (the HUD Code), the installer must notify the manufacturer and retailer. ,, `���� rSl T. LZ, ii�� The Technical Content of the P'G�sTEq 9G�4'% Manual has been reviewed by PE19600312 PFS Corporation and found to be #02 99DA"Lw in conformance with the Federal = o •: STATE OF Manufactured Home Construction ® % 9 ' w , and Safety Standards: conforms to °'�F HUD MHCSS ONAi ,ENG���� 6/19/14 SAFETY There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed, and as experienced professionals, should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them, and be capable of providing safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home. As qualified professionals, in the field of manufactured home installation, installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced. Warnings are published throughout this manual as reminders. These reminders may not cover all hazards, all potential hazards, or all possible consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should regularly inspect work performed by crews and subcontractors. Obey OSHA regulations, particularly ttpose related to home construction, such as Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations, call (202) 512-1800 or visit www.osha.gov on the web. 6/17/20141:18:23 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3 RESOURCES Manufacturer contact information: Skyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart Indiana 46515 (574) 294-6521 (574) 295-8601 - FAX www.skylinecorp.com Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing US Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 9164 Washington, DC 20410-8000 Telephone: (202) 708-6423 or (800) 927-2891 FAX: (202) 708-4213 Q45�:#05. Conforms to 4i HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 State Administrative Agencies A list of SAAs may be found on the web at www.hud.gov or by contacting the Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manu- factured Housing. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered, constructed, and inspected in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construc- tion and Safety Standards (MHCSS) of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the "HUD Code") in effect on the date of manufacture. These Standards set forth minimum re- quirements for the design and construction of manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states, counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of a manufactured home. A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards. The design plans and in -plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agencies to assure compliance with the Standards. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the MHCSS and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installation requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed. Consult with the local authority having jurisdiction (LAHJ) for regulations that may require licenses and/or per- mits or which may affect procedures described in this manual. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. Any device or other means designed to transfer loads to the ground. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT. Ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM. A combination of anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed and installed, resist the uplift, overturning, and lateral forces on the manufactured home. BASEMENT. A load -bearing perimeter wall foundation that includes habitable space (finished or unfinished, heated or unheated) partly or completely below grade. CRAWLSPACE. The space underneath the home's floor system, enclosed with either load- or non -load bearing perimeter walls. The ground may be covered with a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover. Crawlspace walls must be vented. CROSSOVERS. Utility interconnections between sections of multi -section homes, including heating and cooling ducts, electrical circuits, and water pipes, drain plumbing, and gas lines. DATA PLATE. An information sheet located at the main electrical panel, in the utility room, in a bedroom closet, or in a cabinet in the kitchen. It contains a unique identification number and identifies the wind zone, roof load zone, and cli- matic zone for which the home was constructed. DIAGONAL TIE. A tie intended to resist horiz. or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. FOOTING. That portion of the support system that transmits loads directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. ne Uorpo 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM 4 HUD is to 'H-BEAM. Steel H-beams are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace. They span across the foun- dation from sidewall to sidewall, typically with an intermediate support pier and footing (typically in the center point re- sulting in a line of piers under the icenterline of a double section home). INFORMATION PACKET. A set of important documents provided with the home including warranties, information on high wind coverage, and other features of the specific home. INSTALLATION LICENSE. The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD -administered installation program. LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory, inspection agency, .or other organization concerned with product evaluation. The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LISTED OR CERTIFIED.. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip- ment or materials, and whose listing states either that,the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stan- dards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LOAD -BEARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION. A support system for the home whereby the home is mechanically fastened to a structural wall(s) that transfers gravity, lateral, and uplift loads to the ground. LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (LAHJ). The state, city, county, municipality, utility, or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of a manufactured home. MUST. Indicates a mandatory requirement. NIA. Indicates not applicable. PIER. That portion of the support system between the footing and the manufactured home, exclusive of shims. Types of piers include, but are not limited to: (1) manufactured steel stands; (2) pressure -treated wood; (3) manufactured con- crete stands; (4) concrete blocks; and (5) portions of foundation walls. PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION. A support system for the home that employs piers under the chassis and other locations to support gravity loads and employs ground anchors and tie downs (the stabilizing system) to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home. Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home's frame. QUALIFIED. Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely, competently, and in accordance with all applicable codes, standards, rules, and regulations. Meets all necessary qualification tests including any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed. RAMADA. Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over a manufactured home or any portion thereof. SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. SHALL. Indicates a mandatory requirement. SITE FOR A MANUFACTURED HOME. A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one manufac- tured home, its accessory buildings or structures, and accessory equipment, for the exclusive use of the occupants of the home. SKIRTING. A weather -resistant material used to enclose the perimeter, under the living area of the home, from the bottom of the manufactured home to grade. STABILIZING SYSTEM. All components of the anchoring and support systems, such as piers, footings, ties, anchoring equipment, anchoring assemblies, or any other equipment, materials and methods of construction, that support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM. Pilings, columns, a combination of footings, piers, foundation walls, caps, and shims and any com- bination thereof that will, when properly installed, support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. TIE. Straps, cable, or securing devices used to connect the manufactured home to anchoring assemblies. UTILITY CONNECTION. The connection of the manufactured home to utilities that include„but are not limited to, electric- ity, water, sewer, gas, or fuel oil. VERTICAL TIE. A tie intended to resist uplifting and overturning forces. WIND ZONE. The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map, as further defined by the MHCSS. 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 5 00 -� HUD MHUSS ENGINEER'S STAMP vislo9 Certain pages of this manual display the seal of a registered engineer. Federal guidelines only require the seal from one state to be displayed, but the details herein apply to all states. SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL This icon indicates an important warning. It is critical to heed these warnings. This icon indicates a recommended best practice. While not required, following these practices will result in a superior installation, reducing the chance that cosmetic or dura- bility related complaints might arise. ABBREVIATIONS ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene max. Maximum ANSI American National Standards Insti- MHCSS Manufactured Home Construction and tute Safety Standards APA American Plywood Association min. Minimum AS.TM American Society for Testing and Ma- mph Mile(s) per hour terials AWPA American Wood Preservers Associa- NEC National Electric Code tion CFM Cubic feet per minute NFIP National Flood Insurance Program CFR Code of Federal Regulations NFPA National Fire Protection Association DWV Drain, Waste, Vent O.C. On center EMT Electrical metallic tubing OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admini- stration FEMA Federal Emergency Management oz Ounce(s) Agency ft Foot/feet p. Page ga Gauge psf Pounds per square foot HUD US Department of Housing and Ur- psi Pounds per square inch ban Development in Inch(es) SAA State Administrative Agency LAHJ Local Authority Having Jurisdiction sq ft Square foot/feet Ib(s) Pound(s) ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS Alternative foundation systems or designs are permitted if they are approved by the home manufacturer and the manufac- turer's DAPIA, and are in accordance with either of the following: • Systems or designs are manufactured and installed in accordance with their listings by a nationally recognized testing agency based on a nationally recognized testing protocol; or • System designs are prepared by a registered engineer or a registered architect or tested and certified by a regis- tered engineer or registered architect in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and are manufactured and installed so as not to take the home out of compliance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME WEATHER PROTECTION If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home, the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes with hinged roofs has not been Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 6 'damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair tears in the home closure materials toprevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair roof shingles and siding as needed. I SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new or used manufactured home is to be displayed at a retail location, temporarily block and support the home. Set up single -section homes with single block piers spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each I-beam. The fire and axle system may be used as one of these required supports, and the hitch jack may be used as another. Locate the first pier no further than two feet from the rear end of the home (Figure 1). Place additional piers along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet (i.e. sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For multi -section homes, locate additional piers along the marriage line under support columns. These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1., Supporting a home for display 1 Grade 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0" For all homes, place footings below each pier. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excavation and may be ABS pads, 2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16" x 16" by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored but not on display (i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home) for a pe- riod exceeding 30 days, locate piers below each I-beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. CUSTOMIZATION OF THE MODEL MANUAL This manual is based on a model manufacturer's installation manual used by many different companies. It may have been customized from the model by the manufacturer. The table below lists the locations where this manual differs from the model manual. Summary of the change #02 �Conforms HUD MHCSS 6/19/14 6/17/20141:22:09 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) .Multi=sectrori('set Step 3..,.Revised hinged roofdetarls to,Skylinersystem •'-' ' Multi -section set Step 6, 7 & 8 Revised mating line connections to conform to Skyline system. °Gonnectcross overs:- .°Step 1 ,• •';`s -.Revised hsatducY:cross-overs-to conform toiSkyline .systems. Install stabilizing System Step 1 Revise anchor location requirements to conform to Skyline system. ;Gonrect Utilities , Getting Started This chapter covers a few steps that, taken now, will avoid problems later in the installation process. STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE Locate the data plate inside the home (Figure 2), typically on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, or master bedroom closet. -a �1 The information on the data plate will be used to verify that the home was designed for the proper location. STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE From Table 1, identify the wind zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. • No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in Wind Zone III.) • A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II can be placed in either Wind Zone II or I.) • Homes located within 1,500 feet of the coastline in Wind Zones 11 and I II must be designed to withstand exposure 'D' conditions. This will be indicated on the data plate. If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. Figure 2. Sample data plate #02 4jConrurms to HUD h1HCSS 1/30/17 Site Appropriateness. If the site is not accessible, not appro- priate for the planned support system or cannot be properly graded, notify the purchaser, the retailer and HUD with the rea- sons why the site is unsuitable. Do not install the home until all issues are remedied. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11/29/20169:43:03 AM TABLE 1. WIND ZONE BY LOCALITY se areasiisted below as being within Wind Zone II of"111 t Counties of Baldwin and Mobile m All counties except those Flisted below as within Wind Zone III Counties;;o'f,Bryan, Camdenat, -ml ynn Liberfy; McIntosh Parishes of Acadia, Allen, Ascension, Assumption, Calcasieu, Cameron, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Evangeline, Iberia, Iberville, Jefferson Davis, Lafayette, Livingston, Pointe Coupee, St. Helena, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Landry, St. Martin, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Vermillion, Washington, West Baton Rouge, and West Feliciana GountiesY if Hancock anon W shington Counties of Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, Nantucket, and Plymouth Gounties.ofGeorge iHancock Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River,:and Stone• ` Counties of Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington Countiesof Beaufort Berkeley Charleston; Golleton,' Dorchester Georgetown; Horry, Jasper, and .Williamsbur`g a� Counties of Aransas; Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kennedy, Kleberg, Matagor- da, Nueces, Orange, Refugio, San Patricio, and Wiillacy Cities of Chesapeake Norfolk Portsmouth Princes"sAnne;:and Virginia Beach Entire state Coastal regions'(as determined by'the 90 mph isotach:on the,ANSUASCE 7-88:map) Counties of Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Lee, Martin, Manatee, Monroe, Palm Beach, Pinellas, and Sarasota �— Panshes,of Jefferson La Fourche ;Qrldans 'Plaquemines, St Berriard, St. Charles, °St Mary,.and Terrebonne. Counties of Carteret; Dare, and Hyde All regions;ofthe,ll.S Ter ritones'ofAmencan Samoa;'Guarh .Northem�Mariana:lslands, Puerto Rico , T�ustTerrito- ry`F`of.the Pacific Islands,.and thoUnited States Virginaslands. y VT _NH 11/29/20169:43:03 AM Skyline Corporation MA NJ-, ,T, DE Figure 2A. Wind Zone Map - m Conforms to HUD 1IHCSS 1/30/17 6% STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE From Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone map, identify the thermal (UO) zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules. • No home may be located in an area with a higher thermal zone number than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 Cannot be placed in Thermal Zone 3.) • A home may be located in a lower thermal zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 may be placed in ei- ther Thermal Zone 2 or 1.). • In no case may a home designated for installation in the "Humid & Fringe Climate," as identified on the data plate, be located outside of this region (Table 2). If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone map #02 m Conforms to HLID NIHCSS 1/30/17 tunes �m = U 0-thluei 0.116 M Win TABLE 2. HUMID AND FRINGE CLIMATE ZONES Alabama`CountiesuofBaldwin Barkiour�Bullock Butler Choctaw Clarke Coffee, Conecuh Covington�Creeshaw, Dale Escarnbia, Geneva, Henry;:'Houston, Lown des Marengo Mot ile,,Nlohroe Montgomery, Pike Uashington and 111rilcox � �' Florida All counties and locations Decatur, Hawaii All counties and locations Louisiana All counties and locations' Mississippi Counties of Adams, Amite, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Issaquena, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Mari- on, Pearl River, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Walthall, Warren, Wayne, and Wilkinson Carolinallorth ,Counties of Brunswick, Carteret; Columbus,",New Hanover, Onslow, and Pender ' South Carolina Counties of Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, and Horry TexasCounties of Anderson, Angelina, -Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, ,Bee Bexar, Brazoria,-Brooksi Burleson Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron,,Camp, Cass; Chambers, Cherokee, Colorado, Coma[, De Witt, Dimmit, Duval, Falls, Fayette, Fort"Bend,: Franklin,, Freestone, Frio, Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Gregg; Grimes, Guadalupe, Hardin, Harris Harrison,*- Hays, Henderson, Hidalgo, -Hopkins, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Jim;Wells, .Karnes; Kaufman, KennIedy,•Kinney, Kleberg, La Salle, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone,'Li.ve Oak; Madison; Marion; Matag"orda, Maverick','McMullen,'Medina, Milam,,Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro,.,Newton, Nueces,-Orange, Panola, Polk, Rains,'Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, -San Patri-_ cio,!Shelby, Smitt ,Starr, Titus Travis, Trinity,, Tyler, Upshur, Uvalde, Val Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, lWak ter, Washington, Webb,`Wharton, Willacy, <Mlliamson,' .Wilson, Wood,2apata, and Zavala Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 10 11/29/20169:43:03 AM Getting Started STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF LOAD ZONE From Table 3, identify the Roof Load Zone for the home. Verify that the home con- forms to the following rules. • No home may be placed in an area with a higher roof load than that indicated on the data plate. (Example:, a home designed for the South (20 psf) Roof #02 Load Zone cannot be placed in the Middle (30 psf) Roof Load Zone). • A home may be located in an area with a lower roof load than that indicated Conforms to on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the Middle (30 psf) Roof HUD n1HCss Load Zone may be placed in the South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone). 1/30/17 • There are special high roof load areas (primarily in mountains) not shown on the map. Contact the LAHJ or SAA for information about these areas. The home's data plate will indicate if the home has been designed for one of these high roof load areas. • Ramadas may be used in areas with roof live loads greater than 40 psf. Ramadas are to be self-supporting, except that any connection to the home must be for weatherproofing only. TABLE 3. ROOF LOADS BY LOCALITY North i psf roofload) All counties - �Counfies+of Aroostook Nscatagws,Somerset Penobscot, Waldo Knox Hancock Washington: .. -.. �AII counties - . - All counties - �Counfies of: Buena Vista, lBytler Calhoun Cerro Gortlo, Cherokee Chickasaw,_Clay, Dickinson .Emmet; Floyd; .Franklin, Hamilton, Hancock; Hardirr;.Ho'ward', H6mtiol8t, Itla,;Kossuth; Lyon, Mitchell, Q'Bnen„Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas Sac;,rSiouz, Webster; Winnebago, Worth, Wright- - Counties of Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kanabec, Lincoln, Oxford, Sagadahoc, York - ".County of,Essez . - Counties of Alger, Alcona, Alpena, Antrim, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Dickson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Houghton, Iron, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Ros- common, Schoolcraft, Wexford - . - Counties ofAitkm Anoka Benton,;Blue Earth, Brown; "Cass, Garlton,,Garver, Chippewa,.Chlsago, Cook; Cotton-. wood, Crow Wing,,'DakotaDodge-.Douglas, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn Goodhue. Grant Hennepin; Hubbard, ;Itasca, Isanti, Jackson Kandiyohl,.Kanabec, Koochiching Lac,qui.Parle, Lake, Le Sueu�,,Lmcoln, Lyon; McLeod, Meeke�;•Mornson; Millie'Lacs; Mower, Martin; Murray; Nicollet; Nyobles,,Olmsted,<Pipestone, Pine, Pope;'Ramsey, Redwood,`Renville, Rice,.Rock St..Louis, Sibley, ScotYSteele,°Sherburne, Swift;.Steains, Stevens, Todd, Wade- , na, Wright, Washington; _Vyabasha,;Winona, Waseca, Watonwan; Yellow Medicine, • All Counties - All Counties - . Counties of Cayuga, Clinton, Essex, Erie, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Living- ston, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Sara- toga, Schenectady, Seneca, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wyoming, Yates • ■ . • . Counties of Brookings Clay, Codingtor Deuel, Grant,Hamlim'Hanson;, Hutchinson, Kingsbury, ;Lake, Lincoln, McCook, Miner, Minneha'ha Moody, Turner, union, Yankee All Counties - • Counties "of Addison Cale_doma .Chittenden Essex, Franklin; Grand.lsle; Lamoille; Orange, Orleans, Rutland' Counties of Ashland, Bayfield, Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Clark, Chippewa, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Flor- ence, Forest, Iron, Jackson, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vilas, Washburn All Counties - The states and counties not listed for the Middle or North roof load zone above are deemed to be within the South, -roof load zone a 11/29/20169:43:03 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11 � __ 4 a Zones: •:SnQ*Load,[pM :,40 30, :3 •20 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS Local regulations may set conditions for the siting and installation of a manufactured home. Consult the LAHJ, state manufactured housing association, and the state SAA (See Resources, p. 4) for the specific local requirements, including: • Building codes that may affect the construction of site built structures and in- frastructure. • Local requirements regulating the installation of manufactured homes. • Setback requirements for property lines, streets, yards, and courts. • Fire separation distances. • Development covenants for the specific property. • The locations of flood hazard areas and any special foundation requirements for homes installed in those areas. • In some areas, building permits are required to install manufactured homes. Prior to making any alteration to the site and the home, contact the LAHJ to determine if plan approval and permits are required. Figure 3A. Roof zone map. #02 h1Z MAI -9. 0 Conforms to 1%W00HUD 14HCSS 1/30/17 V ZZ T Areas subject to flooding. The foundation specifica- tions contained in this manual are NOT intended to address flood loads. If the home is in the flood plain, consult a registered engineer. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11/29/20169:43: 12 Prepare the Site Hun MECSS 1/15109 A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the process of Iplanning the site, evaluating the soil, and preparing the site for construction of the home's support system. STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- tion company. Whoever is responsible must secure state permits from the states through which the home will pass. In planning the route, avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the home, such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses, and bridges not suitable for the load. Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow branches, bushes, or other foliage toi scrape against the home as the home is moved to the site. Avoid ditches, berms, steep slopes, and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes and soft spots into which the transporter's wheels may sink. Avoid moving over steep changes in grade (20 degrees or more). If required, provide for home storage, and staging areas on the site. Plan the delivery and staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, home sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate sequence. Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively ma- neuvered during the installation process. Plan for temporary needs, such as dump- sters, portable toilets, crew parking, delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer de- liveries. Before moving the manufactured home to the site, inform the LAHJ and make sure the site is prepared and utilities are available. STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT The'home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home location and layout in compliance with the regulations researched in Getting Started, STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 8). Contact utilities for locations of existing infrastructure, such as underground cables, pipes, and electrical lines. When planning the site improvements, consider the following: • The home location should be level. • Avoid contact with large trees, steep slopes, poorly drained areas, and poten- tial flood zones. • Preserve trees and shrubs for shade, visual screens, and windbreaks. • Plan the driveway, parking areas, septic, well, other structures, and utility lines. Site Preparation. The home manufacturer has no con- trol over the site planning and installation of the home unless the manufacturer is responsible for the home's installation. Final responsi- bility for site preparation, including soil stability and frost heave control, lies with the installer. An improperly prepared site may result in the denial of a foundation - related warranty claim. Fire separation. Comply with any LAHJ fire separa- tion requirements or the re- quirements NFPA 501A, 2003 edition (Chapter 6). 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 13 U, • Consider future additions, such as screen rooms, porches, and awnings. • Site the home away from natural water paths. STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE Trim overhanging foliage considering future growth, potential storms, swaying in wind and snow/ice-weighted branches. Remove organic material such as vegetation, wood, roots, twigs, dead branches, grass, and brush from directly under the home. Remove any debris that could become termite infested from the site and surrounding area. Re- move all other debris from the home location, including roots from beneath footing loca- tions. Properly dispose of all items. Crown the site (Figure 4) away from the foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum slope of 1/2 inch per foot. Where property lines, walls, slopes, or other physical condi- tions prohibit this slope, provide the site with drains, swales, or grading to drain water away from the structure. Any fill required to grade the site should be inorganic "con- trolled fill" applied in a maximum of four inch layers, compacted between each layer to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Direct runoff away from the site using ditches and berms (Figure 5). If the home will have skirting, start grading from two feet in from the edge of the home. W 14�/ y Al- Hc use k y � yyyyy y y ire Avows Indicate direction of water flow. Grade the ground so that water under porches, decks, and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible, use other methods such as a drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect un- der the home. The home is suitable for the installation of gutters and downspouts. When gutters and downspouts are installed, direct runoff away from the home. STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for placement of a home. The design of the home's support system, including footing/pier spacing and size, will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil, and if ground anchors are used, by the soil's withdrawal strength. The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: • The soil must be firm and undisturbed (not previously excavated) or fill com- pacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Uncompacted fill will settle over time, causing the home to shift and become unlevel. Fill must not contain large debris. This too will settle over time. • The soil must not be comprised of organic clays or peat. Organic material can decay, causing settlement, and also may harbor pests that can infest the home. HUD MHCS,S 1/15/09 r /Z Site drainage. Moisture un- der the home can result in structural damage to the floor system and other parts of the home. Failure to provide adequate slope/drainage can result in moisture -related problems such as mold, mildew, and erosion. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure 5. Direct runoff away from the home t /1Z Soil. Inadequate soil bearing capacity or a support sys- tem mismatched to the soil characteristics can result in excessive or differential settlement of the home, which can cause the home to go out of level, resulting in jammed doors and win- dows, cracks in finishes and ruptured plumbing connections. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 14 • The water table must be below the lowest level of the planned support sys- tem/foundation. A soil's bearing capacity can be greatly reduced when it is saturated with water. Note that water tables may vary with seasonal or cli- mactic conditions. Consult a geologist or the LAHJ if you are unsure of the water table level. • The soil must not be a highly expansive type. Expansive soils can expand when they become saturated with water, causing the home to shift and be- come unlevel. If soils are expansive, contact a registered engineer, or regis- tered architect to assist with the design of the foundation system. STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE The soil under a home must be capable of withstanding the loads imposed by the weight of the home, its support system and furnishings, as well as any loads imposed by wind, snow, or other climactic conditions. SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY Determine the soil -bearing capacity in pounds per square foot (psf) before designing a support system. The higher the capacity (psf), the more weight the soil can hold without unduly compressing. As the soil -bearing capacity increases, footings can be reduced in size or spaced farther apart. Use one or more of the following methods to determine the site's soil bearing capacity: • Test the soil. Hire a registered geologist, registered engineer, or registered architect to determine the soil classification and maximum allowable soil bear- ing capacity by testing the soil in accordance with generally accepted engi- neering practice. • Obtain soil records. The local office of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (www.soils.usda.gov) and/or the LAHJ may have test results and/or soil analyses on file for the area. • Conduct a pocket penetrometer test. Use a pocket penetrometer to esti- mate allowable soil -bearing capacity as follows: 1. Select a location that will be under a footing. 2. Clear an area of a minimum of one square foot at least four inches deep or to the depth of the bottom of the planned footing. 3. Using the instructions provided with the pocket penetrometer, take at least five readings. 4. Discard the high and low readings and average the remaining readings. Round this result down to the nearest soil -bearing value shown in the right column of Table 4. 5. Confirm that the rounded result matches the soil description on Table 4. • Determine soil -bearing value by visual examination. If one of the options above is not available, the values on Table 4 can be used to establish soil - bearing capacity by visual examination. This method provides lower capacity values than the options above. Accurate soil identification typically requires special training or expertise. An engineer or building code official may be able to assist in classifying the soil found on the site. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 P;iF�,#05 HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 V F 1 ZZA Soil bearing capacity. Sup- port systems on soils with bearing capacities less than 1,000 psf must be designed by a registered engineer or registered architect and approved by the LAHJ. Limitations of pocket pene- trometers. Pocket pene- trometers do not work on sand or gravel. Use Table 4 to determine allowable pressure for these types of soils. If you encounter a layer of gravel, test the soil under the gravel. Do not put the penetrometer on stones larger than its tip as this will provide an inaccu- rate reading. 15 TABLE 4. SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY BY SOIL TYPE Soil Type (and classification) Allowable Sandy gravel and gravel; very dense and/or cemented sands; 2,000 course gravel/cobbles; preloaded silts, clays and coral (class 2) Sand silty sand clayey santl silty gravel medium denim a course' sands saniiy gravet;;very stiffsilt sand; clays;(class 3) 1 500 e Clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt (classes 4A and 413) 1,000 77 Uncornpacted fillpea4 organic clays (class 5) Professional testing required f Note to table: No allowances made for overburden pressure, embedment depth, water table heioht. or settlement problems. • Use default capacity. Use an allowable pressure of 1,500 psf, unless site - specific information requires the use of lower values based on soil classifica- tion and type according to Table 4. Note that soil types may vary across a home site. In this case, the soil with the lowest bearing capacity should be assumed when designing the support system. Keep a re- cord of the soil -bearing capacity value; it will be used later to design the home's sup- port system. FROST LINE In climates subject to ground freezing, consult the LAHJ, a registered engineer, or reg- istered architect to determine the depth of the frost line. Figure 6 may be used as a guideline when there is no specific local determination. Keep a record of the frost depth; it will be used later to design the home's support system. 3' STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPAC- ITY When using auger -type ground anchors to tie down the home, first, use a torque probe to determine the anchor -holding strength of the soil on the site. Use a torque probe with a shaft of sufficient length to test the soil at the depth of the Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 6. Average frost penetration depth (in feet) i Z/ Torque Probe. Before using the torque probe, check with the utility companies for the location of under- ground cables or pipes to avoid contact with the probe shaft. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 16 anchor helical plate. Augur the probe into the ground, and following the probe manufac- turer's instructions, take the torque wrench reading in the area where the anchors will be installed and at the depth of the anchor helix. If the soil varies in consistency across the site, then use the lowest reading. Based on this reading, consult the anchor manu- facturer's charts to select the anchor type(s). �HUDCSS MH 1/15/o9 009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 17 Install Footings _ 1/15/09 This chapter provides instructions for the design and construction of individual footings that transfer the load from a single pier to the ground. A footing and pier together (discussed in Set the Home) is referred to as a "support." A footing may also be designed to carry the load of multiple piers (often called "strip" footings). The design of strip footings is not cov- ered in this manual. STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS All homes will need supports, and therefore footings, under the frame, marriage line (for multi -section homes), exterior wall openings and other heavy point loads. The home manufacturer may have provided a blocking diagram (or tags, labels, paint or other markings under the home) indicating the required locations and/or loads for perimeter, marriage line and/or frame supports specifically for this home. If so, the dia- - gram or tags take precedence over the directions provided in this manual. Create a sketch of the home that includes the exterior walls, the frame I -beams and the marriage line(s), if a multi -section home. The sketch will be used in this chapter to lo- cate each support, and note the size of the corresponding footing. Figure 7 is an ex- ample of such a support plan. Door Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers I -Beam Frame Members (if required) Frame Piers Wall Piers 1-Beam Frame ( ">4 Frame Piers Post Piers N Perimeter Blocking Piers Door Piers (if required) As the location and load for each support is determined, note it on the sketch. When selecting locations for supports, keep in mind that increasing the spacing between sup- ports will increase the load on that support and the size of the required footing. V�A ! ?bFZZ High roof loads. For roof loads of 40 psf or greater, a registered engineer or registered architect must determine the maximum marriage wall opening permitted without pier or other supports. Figure 7. Example of sup- port plan Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 18 13 DETERMINE LOCATIONS Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to conforms to the foundation at a specific point. Locate a support under each point load, including the 1%000HUD MHCSS following examples: 1115109 • Exterior doors on side walls at both sides of each door (blocking is not re- quired at exterior doors on non -bearing end walls). • Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each open- ing (including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without inter- mediate supports, even if individual windows are less than four feet). • Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. • Locations where through -the -rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the marriage line and perimeter blocking is required (not required if the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). • Marriage line columns. • Load -bearing porch posts. • Under heavy (400 Ibs or greater) items, such as heavy furniture, waterbeds, fireplaces and large fish tanks. Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch. Supports are not required where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor (such as with additional outriggers or floor joists) and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. Figure 8 and Figure 9 identify typical point load support locations. Door Piers 10110011;1C_ Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure B. Typical point -load support locations 19 is to Door or opening less than 48" in width \ Span D Span C San B Column post orwall less than 16" in width San A sized for & D respectively. (Note if " T" sized for " '"` sized for sized for Span D wall is less than 16" In Span C Span B Span A+B width, use combined span C+D with a single pier) Footing sized for Span A CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 5 to determine the loads on point -load supports. For each support, find the columns with the appropriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row(s) corre- sponding to the span (see Figure 9 for guidance on determining spans). The number in the columns under the "M" and "P" headings are the loads for supports along the marriage line and perimeter respectively (point loads in the center of a sec- tion, i.e. not along a marriage line or perimeter wall, require the load in the "P" column). Interpolation for openings between those shown in the table is permitted. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. TABLE 5_ LOAD ON POINT -LOAD FOOTINGS 1115109 Figure 9. Typical point -load support locations along the marriage line ``xo%%jIIIIIIII/,/// �� �G,1ST�%��0�•�� •� PE19600312 9 STATE OF O.o'-' Z!vD I ANP•• - /� Jeffrey T. Legault g7c'7'� 2009.01.09 Roof load zone and maximum section width 0. 1010 720 1100 770 1200 830 1250 860 1370 930 1500 1000 1490 1000 1640 1090 1800 1180 © 1720 1130 1900' 1240 ,2100 1350 2200 .1410. 24401 >1560 , 27001 ``=17Q0 2670. 1690'.`2970 ;1870- 3300 2050'' ® 2430 1550 2700 1710 3000 1880 3140 1960 3500 2180 3900 2400 3850 2380 4300 2650 4800 2930 m .314 3500;!;3900 - 4090, 4570I; 5100. 5040; 5640 }6300 - 4300 -- 4800 -- 5040 -- 5640 - 6300 -- 6220 -- 6970 - 7800 -- �3850 '45605100' 'S700- _.' 5980 6700' , 7500 7400' 8300 . 9300 - M = Marriage line, P = Perimeter Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 20 a is to 1/15/09 STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Pe- rimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS All homes require regularly spaced supports along all main frame I -beams. Select spacing between supports and sketch them on the support plan. Keep in mind that frame supports under homes with 8" deep I -beams may be no more than eight feet apart. Those under homes with 10" or 12" deep I -beams may be no more than 10 feet apart. Generally, greater distances between supports will require larger footings. Figure 10 shows typical frame support locations. V&**1VZZA Spacing frame supports. There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 10. Typical support ,nbers locations for homes not re- quiring regularly spaced pe- rimeter supports rs Wall Piers `s 5orch Post Piers N Door Piers 0%%111111 T Lcro'9G��% _0PEY `` �•�Q�G,1STEj��O ��'�� CALCULATE LOADS • •; Use Table 6 to determine the loads on frame supports. Find the column with the ap- _ PE19600312 propriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row corresponding to the selected support spacing. The number in the intersecting cell is the load. 9';• STATE OF Loads on all frame supports can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal; �¢ ''�, O.c� ' .'AID IAN?:.•' �� �•`� ���'�i,�sS/ONA1-ti�G�`���` However, ifsupportspacingsare used then each support with a different spacing should bent nrllN Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. Jeffrey T. Legault gjg 2009.01.0911:26:11 ,. / 0600' TABLE 6. LOAD ON FRAME SUPPORTS FOR HOMES NOT REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING Middle . - m 2460 2720 3000 2740 3030 3350 3020 3350 3700 m�g 3540 ` 39304,340 3960 "'"4400 , 4870 " 4380 4870 .15390 - 4620 5130 5690 5180 5760 6390 5740 6390 7090 5700 6340 7030 6400 .; 7120 `. 7910 '` 7100 791.0' 8780 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 21 is to 1115109 STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS Depending on design and location, some homes require regularly spaced perimeter supports along all of the sidewalls and marriage walls in addition to frame supports. This will be indicated on the data plate and/or documents included with the home. If required, perimeter supports are only needed on bearing walls. Bearing walls are those walls that support the ends of roof trusses or rafters (typically sidewalls and mar- riage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalls of tag units). To minimize the number of required perimeter supports, space them evenly between point load supports as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 (but not under spans). These figures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. Perimeter Blocking Piers I -Beam Frame Post Piers Door Piers Piers -Beam Frame Members Blocking Piers Frame Piers Wall Piers Frame Piers supports s¢aaror support Io, Span C . Span B Span A+B Span A CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 7 to determine the loads on frame and perimeter supports for homes requir- ing perimeter blocking. Find the column with the appropriate roof load (Table 3) and section width. Find the group of rows corresponding to the selected support spacing. The values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame, perimeter, and marriage line supports respectively. i 1 / A Spacing frame supports. There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 11. Typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Figure 12. Typical marriage line support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 22 • PF4S Loads on supports of a given type (frame, perimeter, or marriage) can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. c°D MH co PP P 9 P Y•4j HUD MHCSS Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 12/16/09 TABLE 7. LOAD ON FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS FOR HOMES REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1530 1660, 1656 1.810 -1070"' 2260 2090 2290 2550 2460 2720 3110 2940 3270 3730 3410 3810 4350 1860 _90 1890 c201D = 1,660 1,890 . 2010 1660 - 1890: 2090 ' • 2150 2340 2630 2560 2810 3150 3000 3280 3680 _3540 °3*80 4510•:'. 4250 .. 4750 ,5440, 4960 5670 -' 6370 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 .•2760 '3020 3400 3310' 3640', .:4100 3870 4270 4800 4620 5130` 5910 5570 6230 7150 6520 7320 8390 2560 2040. 3150 2560 2940 3150 2560 2940 3150 1 3370 3690 4180 4070 4480 5050 4760 5260 5930 5700 6340.' n `,7310 6890 7710`- 8860 8070. 9070" 10410 STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIAL 7_ Select one of the products and materials from Table 8 for the footings. TABLE S_ FOOTING MATERIALS AppropriateMaterial .- Minimum 6" thick poured -in -place concrete pads, slabs, or ribbons with at least a 28 Poured concrete All soil types day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Cast -in -place concrete footings may also require reinforcing steel based on acceptable engineering practice, the design loads, and site specific soil conditions. Minimum 4° thick nominal precast concrete pads meeting or exceeding ASTM C Pre -cast concrete ' " All soil types 90=02a, 'Standard Specification for•"Load Bearing. Concrete Masonry Units, without 4einfor6ement, •with at least a '28day compressive strength of 2,500 psi. Use in accordance with the pad manufacturer's instructions. Must be certified for ABS plastic Stable soils use in the soil classification at the site, listed and labeled for the required load ca- pacity. Proprietary,systems Consult system manufac= " Consult systern manufacturer. turer P Two layers of nominal 2-inch thick wood x 24" maximum length, pressure -treated Pressure -Treated Lum- Stable soils with a water borne preservative, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use ber Category 413 ground contact applications. Cut ends of pressure treated lumber must be field treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4-02. =Single layer of nominal, %,inch thick maximum 16 inch x 16 inch, or.two layers of % Pressure Treated Ply- Inch thick for sizes greater.than 16 inch x 16 inch. Rated exposure 1 or exterior , wood Stable stills sheathing, in, accordance with •PS-1-'07 Construction and Industrial Plywood. Pres- " . -"sure -treated in accordance With AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category. 413 - gr6j4nd-contact,applications.: 12/15/20092:45:41 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) \\\11III I J I III/,/ EY T. l,f; `.���`�IV��Q GISTEEj�;•9G��'��i O: PE19600312 9 STATE OF �•��� 9/ONA ///111111j111►1O VG```\` ❑lt- 2009.12.15 • 14:46:41-05'00' 23 STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS Once the load on the footing and the soil -bearing capacity are known, calculate the size of each footing as follows: 1. From Table 9 determine if the pier is to be of single -stack blocks (8 inch x16 inch) or double -stack blocks (16 inch x 16 inch) pier. 2. Locate the group of rows in Table 10 with the soil -bearing capacity deter- mined in Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPAC- ITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15). Use the next lowest value if the exact value does not appear. 3. Read across the table to determine the minimum required footing area and the minimum footing thickness for the corresponding footing type (single or double -stacked blocks). 4. The required footing size may be changed by selecting another support spac- ing (Table 6 or Table 7). �1!" = "I 71=1Z«Ze]►IJcell] :7_,%1101IN Less than 36 in (except corner Single -stack blocks with long side 8,000, lbs. piers more than 3 blocks high) perpendicular to I-beam Between 36 in and 67 in and cor- Double, interlocked blocks 16,000 lbs. ner piers over 3 blocks high Over 67 in' _ �! Double, interlocked blocks','_ '16,000 lbs. 54 in or less Single -stack blocks with long side $ 000 lbs. parallel to perimeter rail (rim joist) 54 'in or less Single -stack blocks with long side 8,000 lbs. _ perpendicular to the marriage line 7® Conforms to HUD MHiCSS 12/16/09 V&AZZA Frost protection. When se- lecting footing materials, bear in mind. the need for frost protection. Not all foot- ing materials are suitable for freezing climates. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 12/8/20092:37:07 PM 24 is to 1/15/09 TART F in Fnnlrlmr. nimr-mSInNS FCapacity .. . Minimum Foot- . .- . blocks) Unreinforced Unreinforced . • • •. . (double-stack . .. 256 16 x 16 4 800 4 800 512 16 x 32 .. 4 _ - - 1600 4 - —4 1600^_ _ 324 T _. 18 x 18 4 y 1010 1010 500 _ 400 20 x 20 .. 4 1250 4 — — 1250 576 _ 24 x 24 4~ 1800 4 1800 --- 900 --_-- 30.x 30 -- 4-------_ 2810 - ! - 4 2810 256 16 x 16 4 1680 4 1680 '512 - ' 16 x 32 ` • 4' 3370 4 3370 324 18 x 18 4 2180 4 2130 1000 -� 400 20 x20 4 ` 2630 ` 4 2630 576 24 x 24 4 3800 4 3800 900 _ 30 x 30 4 593Q 4 - 5930 256 16 x 16 4 2570 4 _.—_.._._-- 2570 512 — 16x32�------ 4 ------ --- 5150-----------4 5150----- 324 18 x 18 4 3260 4 3260 400 20 x 20 4 4020 4 4020 576 24 x 24 4 5800 4 5800 —___ ------ 900 ------ 30 x 30 - -6-- ------- -- ---------.--------- 6 800 00 6 8910, 256 16 x 16 4 3460 4 3460 512 . 16 x 32, J 6 6840, 6 6940 324 18 x 18 4 4380 4 4380 400 20 z'20 4 5410 4 5410 576 24 x 24 6 7700 6 7700 900 30. x 30. "," n 6 8000 6 12030 256 16 x 16 4 4350 4 4350 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 8620 324 18 x 18 4 5510 4 5510 400 20 x 20 -_��.--- 4 6800 4 — ----_ -- __------ _-- --- -- - -- ------------ 6800 -- -- 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 9700 900 30 x 30, 8 8000 8 15000 256 16 x 16 4 5240 4 5240 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 10400 324 18 x 18 4 6630 4 6630 400 20 x:20 .. 4 8000 4 8190 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 11700 900 30 x 30 8 8-0008 16000 Nate: The capacity values listed have been reduced by the dead load of the concrete footing. Design footings to comply with the following additional requirements: • Design each footing at least slightly larger than the base of the pier it sup- ports. • To keep footings directly under ]-beams and other support points, size them slightly larger than the minimum required area to allow slight adjustment of the pier location during home installation. • Design footings with a footing extension (projection beyond the base of the 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 PE19600312 STATE OF Q JeRrey T. LegaWl 2009.01.0911:25:36 /-05,00, 25 4„ 6„ 16" Block 4= Type 2 ' �+ Footing Extends N O Extends By More 1 fi" 16" YES Bylts Thickness Than Its Thickness 24" Or Less 4" 6" Split Footing Extends YES Less Than One Third Its Width 4" 4" Split Footing Extends NO More Than One Third Its Width NrO YES • The footing sizes shown are for square pads and are based on the surface area (square inches). Design non -square footings such that the area and depth is equal to or greater than the area and depth of the square footing shown in Table 10, and the distance from the edge of the pier to the edge of the footing is not more than the thickness of the footing. • For four -inch thick unreinforced precast concrete footings, use the minimum footing size for the six-inch cast -in -place footing from Table 10. TABLE 10A. FOOTING EQUIVALENTS unreinrorceu Cast Place Place 16 16 Pre mounu Place Concrete 2x12x24 Treated -in Concrete Size (Inches) x -Cast Concrete Pads (Diameter — Inches) Lumber Pads o Single o a D. �. . .. 28 Triple 0 30 Quad36 STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS Construct the footings as follows: • Maintain the distance between adjacent piers to within 10% of the tabulated spacing and so the average distance between any adjacent spans is equal to or less than the tabulated spacing. • Whenever possible, place point load supports directly under the required loca- tions. If plumbing, electrical, mechanical equipment interferes, place supports no more than 6 inches in either direction of the support point. • Recess perimeter blocking supports and perimeter point load supports no more than 10 inches from the edge of the floor with added support as shown in Figure 14. Contorms to HUD MHCSS 12/16/09 Figure 13. Maximum foot- ing extensions \``\��►tl I � I I NN�ry��i S� PE19600312 - -0 STATE OF ' AZ qV sS;ONAi 10 Jeff Legault '46g 2009.12.08 14:48:21-05'00' 1 � A Placing Concrete an- chors. If anchors will be placed in concrete, follow instructions in Install Stabilizing System (p. 65) to determine anchor layout. Either place an- chors immediately after the concrete has been poured or drill them in af- ter the concrete has set. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1 26 'onforms to UD MHCSI 12/16/09 4x4 Or 2-2x4'S On Edge Together) Spanning Mi Flo, Rim Plate 10" h From E • If footings are rectangular, orient them so that the long side is perpendicular to the home's I-beam. • Place the bottom of footings on undisturbed soil or fill compacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. • In freezing climates protect footings from the effects of frost heave in accor- dance with any LAHJ requirements (see Prepare the Site, p. 13). Place the bottom of the footings below the frost line (insulated foundations and monolithic slabs are other frost protection options not covered in this manual). • Make sure the top surface of the footing is level, flat, and smooth. In accordance with the American Concrete Institute publication ACI-308, maintain curing measures before construction or installation onto the concrete footing begins, until a minimum of 70% of the specified 28-day compressive strength has been achieved. The ACI recommended time to attain this level of strength is seven days for ASTM C150 Type 1 mixtures and 10 days for Type II mixtures. Full design live and dead loads may not be applied until the 28-day duration has elapsed for achieving full strength. Single Pad Footing Load distributing pad for support Quad Pad Footing 16" x 16" Plywood Pad Footings or 16" x 16" x 4" Concrete Pad Footings 1 I J Load distributing i pad for support 24' Single Pad Footinq 'l z 12" x 24' Lumber Pad Footitligs Double Pad Footing Doubilk Pad Faoting Figure 14. Perimeter sup- ports Excavation. If excavation is required, mark the footing locations on the ground with stakes before beginning to dig. Figure 14A. Footing pads. v(T. LF I*, �•�Q�G1STEj��O••�-A PE19600312 'fl •' STATE OF r• 1 Jeff Legault 2009.12.15 ' 15:20:06 - 05'00' 12/15/20093:19:34 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 27 is to 1115109 ' Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD -BEARING PERIMETER WALL) This chapter provides guidelines and recommendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foundation using a load -bearing perimeter wall. A load -bearing perimeter wall foundation system uses a wall along the outer edge of the home to support the home's outside walls. This perimeter support works with interior supports such as piers, columns, and cross beams that support the home's frame and, if multi -section, marriage line. STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN (p. 28) V' STEP 2. EXCAVATE (p. 28) STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB (p. 28) STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL (p. 28) STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS (p. 29) STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL (p. 29), STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE (p. 29) STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN If a load -bearing perimeter wall foundation design has not been provided by the home manufacturer, it is the responsibility of the retailer and/or home owner to provide a de- sign approved by an engineer or architect, licensed in the state where the home will be installed. The approved design must comply with the LAHJ regulations for foundation design, waterproofing, and drainage, and the following: • The foundation perimeter bearing wall must be supported with a concrete slab or continuous strip footing around the perimeter of the home. Interior piers must be supported by a slab or footings. If footings are used under interior piers, they may be designed as in Prepare Footings, p. 18. • Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. • Footings and slabs must be protected from the effects of frost heave by ex- tending the footings to or below the frost line or by using a frost protected shallow foundation design. STEP 2. EXCAVATE Excavate for the foundation, properly disposing of the earth that is not needed for backfill or site -grading purposes. STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTINGS OR SLAB Construct the foundation according to the approved design, including the perimeter foundation wall, drainage system, footing(s), and/or slab. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL Unless the approved design requires otherwise, construct the perimeter wall with mor- tared and reinforced concrete blocks or reinforced poured -in -place concrete. Install re- inforcement according to the approved design or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access openings according to the approved design, or if not specified, according to the re- quirements in Complete Under the Home, STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 97). When constructing pockets for an H-beam system, measure the beam depth and lo- cate the pockets carefully. It is critical that when the home's frame rests on top of the H-beam, the perimeter of the floor rests squarely on the foundation wall sill plate 1 ZZ Using engineered designs. This section is NOT in- tended to provide a com- plete design for a buildable foundation. A complete design must be obtained that is suitable for the local area and sealed by a pro- fessional engineer or regis- tered architect, licensed in the state. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to be installed on a basement or a crawlspace have been ordered with a recessed frame or as foundation - ready, where the frame is designed to avoid interfer- ence with the foundation wall. Checking the water table. For basements, check for a high water table. The water table may vary seasonally or based on weather condi- tions. A geologist can per- form an algae test to de- termine the water table level. The foundation de - Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 28 a is to ' NPP- 1/15/09 (Figure 15). Leave room for a two-inch nominal, pressure treated wood spacer on top of the wall pockets (to prevent corrosion, the steel beams must not be in direct contact with concrete). Leave at least one inch for thermal expansion at the ends of the beams and maintain a minimum of two inches of bearing area for the beams in the pockets (yielding a minimum pocket depth of three inches). Bolt a pressure treated wood sill plate (minimum 2 x 6) to the top of the foundation wall. If the home's siding cannot be nailed through, use a 2 x 10 sill plate that extends into the foundation 1-1/4 inches (Figure 16). The home can then be connected to the foundation by fastening the sill plate into the floor joists from below. Connect the home to the foundation according to the approved design. Recess nuts into the sill plate and cut off the ends of bolts so they do not project above the sill plate and interfere with the placement of the home. Floor Pressure Treated Chassis Sill Plate Main I -Beam Transverse H-beam Pressure Treated Plate 8 x 8 x 16-inch Concrete Black STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS Install piers, columns and H-beams to support the interior of the home according to the approved design. STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL Damp proof the foundation wall no less than up to the height of the planned backfill. STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the fill as per Prepare the Site (p. 13). sign must account for a high water table. Level the wall. Make sure the foundation is level and straight with no more than a 1/4 inch vertical variation over the entire foundation and no more than 1/8 inch vertical variation over any two -foot length. Check for Plates. When us- ing an H-beam system, check and compensate for reinforcement plates that add thickness to the chas- sis beam at axle locations. Figure 15. H-beam installa- tion Figure 16. Connection using 2 x 10 sill plate Limits of exca- vation. When a crane will tie used, excavate no more than two feet outside the foundation perimeter. Un- excavated ground will pro- vide a more stable base for the crane. Footing heights. Pour foot- ings to a height that will re- duce the need to cut blocks or shim when building peri- meter walls and piers. i&AZZA Backfilling. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is connected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. ne Lorporation (4-4ti HU. 1) 29 is to 1115109yU` Set the Home This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home (for single section homes this is the only sec tion) onto the foundation. V. STEP T. PREPARE FOR SET (p: 30) STEP 2. POSITION, HOME SECTION (p. 30) ' STEP 3.LIFT HOME (p. 30) STEP 4: CONSTRUCT PIERS (p. 32) STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Before beginning the home set, complete the following: / Z/ • Confirm that the site is properly cleared and graded (see Prepare the Site, p. • 13. Clearances under the • Ensure that the footings are in place and properly located. home. After the home is • Install any utilities that will be difficult to install (e.g. those below grade be- leveled, the resulting dis- tance between the bottom neath the home) after the home is in place. of the entire chassis main • Secure or remove from the home and properly store all ship loose items (refer frame beam and the to shipping documents for items shipped with the home). ground must be no less • Inspect the home interior, exterior and all provided materials, appliances, and than 12 inches. equipment. Immediately report any damage or shortages to the manufacturer. Utilize proper cribbing. • The ground moisture retarder may be installed now or after the home is com- Manufactured homes weigh several tons. No plete. See Complete Exterior Work, STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOIS- one should be under the TURE RETARDER (p. 96) for requirement and then return here. home (whether it is mov- For perimeter bearing wall foundations: ing or stationary) unless • Check that the length and width of the home match with the foundation walls. proper cribbing is in place (Figure 17). Failure to util- • Check that the two main diagonal measurements of the foundation are equal. ize proper cribbing may • Check that the foundation walls and other support points are within 1/4 inch of result in serious injury or Qlevel overall and within 1/8 inch of level within any four foot distance. death. Za For multi -section homes, check that each pair of diagonal measurements for < each portion of the foundation corresponding to a home section are equal. z 0 For multi -section homes, find the electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear O outriggers. Reverse them to the inside of the outrigger using star washers so Qthey will be accessible after the home is placed on the foundation walls. @Leveling J If using an H-beam system, remove the frame's shackle hanger if it will inter- during Q fere with proper placement of the beam. jacking. Keep the home's floor as level as possible Z STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION during jacking. Twisting or Z p Position the home section in its final location (if possible, move the heaviest section of warping the floor can dam- age the structure and finish - home into place first). Then place materials needed to construct support piers near ing. Use as many jacks as 9' their final locations under the home as determined in Prepare Footings, (p. 18). their necessary to keep the floor and level. aflat STEP 3. LIFT HOME a. O There are three primary methods available to place the home on the foundation: jack- 0 ing, rolling and craning. Jacks, often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and W Z anchor foundations; roller systems are commonly used for crawlspace foundations with load -bearing perimeter walls; and cranes are most commonly used for basement foun- >_ dations. Y Cn Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 30 JACKS If jacks are to be used, comply with all jacking safety precautions and the procedure below. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with ut- most care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in serious injury or death. Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the home with jacks. • No one should be under the home's .I beams while the jacks are being oper- ated & while the home is supported only on the jacks. • Use jacks only for raising the home. Do not rely on the jacks to support the home. . • If possible, raise the home only on one side so that the other side is in contact with the ground: Leave the hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing equipment. • Obey all OSHA regulations, • Make sure adequate safety cribbing (Figure 17) is in place whenever the home is placed on jacks.' • Use a.minimum of two commercial quality jacks, each with a rating of at least 12 tons. • Jack only on the main chassis I-beam, centering jacks directly under the beam. • Do not jack on a seam (joint between flanges of twin 1-beams). • To distribute the concentrated loads from jacks to I-beam, place a minimum 3/8-inch thick steel plate, a C-channel, a 1 %cinch thick hardwood block or a commercial jacking plate, between the main chassis I-beam and the jack head. • Locate the jack base -on firm ground. Never jack on freshly disturbed soil or where an underground sewer pipe may be located. • Use a firm support under the jack base to prevent tipping or settling of the jack. A minimum 16" x 16" or larger wood or rigid fiberglass pad is recommended. Never use concrete blocks as a support for a jack. Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: 1. Block wheels. Block the wheels so the house does not roll. 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing (Figure 17). 3. Level lengthwise. Locate one jack at the hitch and level the section length- wise (such that the front and rear of the section are at the same height). 4. Locate frame jacks. Place a minimum of one jack just forward of the first spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on the side of the home that is lowest (making sure not to place jacks where the piers will go). Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 feet from each end of the I-beam. 5. Lift the home. Operating the jacks simultaneously (or sequentially in very small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final desired pier height. ROLLER SYSTEMS When using a roller system, comply with the equipment manufacturer's directions and the following sequence: 9:22 AM Skyline PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Figure 17. Stack 4"x 6"by 5' long timbers as shown to form safety timbers. Place safety timbers under home behind axle area and under hitch. 31 1. Establish staging area. Establish a staging area directly adjacent to one or both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- turer's directions. 3. Fasten bump blocks. Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. 4. Roll home. Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks. Remove the blocks before installing the next section of a multi -section home. CRANES When using a crane, follow these guidelines: • Position the home section(s) and crane (taking the boom reach into consid- eration) such that they do not have to be repositioned during the set. • Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. • Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys- tem, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. • Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over previously set sections. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up on jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer's blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 18). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as measured from the top of the footing or pad to the top of the cap. See Table 12 for pier construction requirements. i 4 PFS#°5 Conforms to xun MHCss 1/15/09 1 F,6**VZA Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structural damage to the home. Install piers at all re- quired locations. Failure to do so may lead to sagging floors, walls, and roofs, and could void the home's war- ranty. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 32 Set the me ��#05 o Conforms to HUD MHCSS TABLE 11. PIER MATERIAL MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS 12/16/09 Component. - dimensions of at least 8" x 8" x 16"; minimum load 8,000 Ibs; confirminill pill g to ASTM designation Concrete C90, grade N. (nominal 4 x'$' x 1 ti" pre casf'concrete without r- inforcemerit),,pressure treated lumber' �Solid,masonry £(nominal 2`x 8 x 1ti) or steel (minimum 1,/2";thick, .corrosion.,orotected by a min; of a'10 mil;coating of.an. _extenor paint or equivalent). Spacers Nominal 2" thick boards. i— (alsoShims called iHa�dwood, mmirnurri 4 width by rill imum-'6" length by`mazirl 1:" thick (nominal); plastic must be listed • • with.maxiriium.loa'-capacity;,used.in'pairs. Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- cal load capacity, and where required by design, for the appropriate horizontal load capacity. Metal or concretecast other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of .30 oz per sq. ft of surface coated. Pressure treated : With, a waterbomeipreser'vative, in accordance with AWPA Starl Ul-04 for Use Category 4B ground woo - =n'tact,applications; A " TABLE 12. PIER CONSTRUCTION Mortar and reinforce- Pier loca i Height Configuration Maximum offset Maximum t ... on top to bottom ment Less than 36 in (except Single -stack blocks with long , corner piers more than 3 /i' 8,000 lbs. Not required blocks high) 1 side perpendicular to I-beam Frame Between 36 in and 67 in 1" (''/z" up to 36" and corner piers over 3 Double, interlocked blocks high) 16,000 lbs. Not required blocks high Over 67 in _ Designed by a registered engineer or registered architect �+ — Singocks with long '/Z up to 36" high, (parallel Perimeter 54 in or less* side of perimeter rail 8,000 lbs. Not required 1" over 36" high (rim joist) Single7sItacklong ,,Yz' up to 36' high, 54 in or less* side perpe dbl8,000 lbs. Not.required perpendicularto the 1" over 36" high marriage line * Construct perimeter and marriage line piers over 54 inches according to the requirements for frame piers of the same height. 1. Prepare footing surface. Make sure the footing surface upon which the pier Cn sits is flat and smooth. Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks, X or other material off the surface of the footing. For cast -in -place concrete foot- ings, if the footing surface is uneven, create a level, flat surface by placing a Z treated board on the footing and mortaring on the first block (or manufactured m pier base), or by placing the first block (or manufactured pier base) on a layer p of premix dry sand mortar. 2. Stack blocks. Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. 0 When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side -by -side, orient each layer D at right angles to the previous one (Figure 18) and plan blocks so that split —1 caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and to the I-beam. O Z Figure 17A. Multiple Piers. Z cn Typical metal pier": See Table•,a 1 D Where available, puts do not r ha Ge,lhe required dapacity, two r qt g6ie pieis iniiyfie used; The -D-I sum of the pier capacities shall tie at least equal to the load Z specified. Z - C D Multiple Piers, r 12/8/20093:15:01 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 33 onforms to D MHCSS�k"__ 1/15109 Main I -Beam Wood Shins to Fi Gaps Up to 1° Max Optbml2x6 Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Cap or&&16P.T. or Hardmod Cap Typical 8x8x16 Concrete Block Typical Footing Main I -Beam Wood Shins to FE Gaps Up to TMax Options] (2)2x6or (1) 2x12 Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Cap Typical UN16 Concrete Block Typical FookV 3. Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon. When using split caps on double -stacked block piers, install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and to the main (- beam. 4. Install shims. Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the base of the I-beam and the top of the pier cap. Always use shims in pairs (Figure 19). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of vertical space. When the space to be shimmed is greater than one inch and less than the minimum thickness of available caps or concrete blocks, use hardwood dimensional lumber (two inches maximum thickness) or 2" or 4" thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lum- ber/blocks over each individual cap. 1-B St Sp; 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. USING WATER LEVEL.' A water level is a standard device fdrleveling the home. The level consists of the following components; • One container (five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). • 1.50 feet of 1/2 inch diameter plastic tubing,._ SKynne 34 Figure 18. Frame pier con- struction v&rlrzzA Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- low it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. Figure 19. Correct shim placement Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using stan- dard unit dimensions (with- out cutting). i // Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is is to 1/15/09 Fittings for container to tubing.,', Valve for terminal end of tubing"..: , Liquid ,for system: colored water in warm climates, windshield washing fluid in cold,climates. How to use a water level a. Position level. Position the level such that it can reach all piers. b. Place container. Place the container so that the fluid in the con- tainer is at the same level as the desired level of the top of the supports under the home, allowing for any bracing below the level of the I -beams. c. Uncoil tubing. Uncoil the tubing and,fill with fluid, taking care not to ,introduce bubbles_ into the hose. Never allow anything to crimp or crush the tubing so as to impede the free flow of fluid. d. Bleed air. Hold the valve below the, level of the water container;_ open, the valve to bleed out any air and close the valve. e'. Establish height. Locate the tubing adjacent to a pier that is set to the�desiredfinal height. Position the valve above the pier and open, the valve. Move the water container up or down to where the water level is at the desired final height of the pier. Maintain the water container in that position and close the valve. f. Level piers. Move the tubing to the next pier. Hold -the valve above the pier and open it. Set the pier height to the level of the water in the tubing and close the valve. Repeat this step until all. —piers are at the same level. ' 6. Complete the opposite side. Jack the other side of the section up and install piers following the instructions above. At the completion of this step, the sec- tion should be level from front to rear and from side to side. 7. Install perimeter and marriage line piers. Install perimeter piers and for multi -section homes, marriage line piers. Position marriage line piers to pro- vide equal bearing for both mating sections. 8. Remove running gear. Remove and store, recycle or properly dispose of the hitch, axles, and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. 9:22 Skyline Corporation no more than 1/4 inch differ- ence between adjacent pier supports (frame or perime- ter) and the exterior doors and windows of the home do not bind and can be properly operated. Water level operation. To operate the water level properly, both ends of the system must be open to the atmosphere and there must be approximately the same amount of fluid in the tubing at all times (within a few inches). 35 , Complete Multi -Section Set - 1/15/09 This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween units, raising and fastening hinged roofs, and fastening the home to a load -bearing perimeter wall foundation. STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS (p.-36) STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS (p. 36) . STEP"3. COMPLETE HINGED ROdF'(p. 36) - STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 37) ,w STEP-5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS (p. 38) STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS (p. 39) y- STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF (p. 41) STEP 8. CONNECT'WALLS (p. 43) STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS (p. 45) STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS (p. 46) STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION (p. 46) V STEP 1.2. BACKFILL AND GRADE (p. 46) STEP 13.-BUILD STAIRS (p. 46) STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line now; before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System (p. 65). After install- ing marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi -Section Set. STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation. Do not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, raise the roof us- ing a crane or roof jacks following the procedure below: 1. Position lift points. Position the roof lift points (jacks or crane lift points) fol- lowing the jack manufacturer or crane operator instructions. Space roof lift points equally along the length of the roof with no more than five feet from the end of the roof to the first or last lift points. Use three lift points for a'roof up to 48 feet long (excluding overhangs), four lift points for up to 60 feet, and five lift points for up to 72 feet. 2. Remove fasteners. Remove any temporary fasteners connecting the hinged portion of the roof to the vertical king posts. 3. Lift roof. Raise the roof to its intended height. A temporary slight overexten- � A Position roof jacks. Posi- tion jacks vertically to pre- vent the jack foot from kick- ing out or sliding. Caution during roof rais- ing. Do not enter the roof cavity during the raising procedure. Checklists for alternate construction. If the serial number (see the data pjate or the chassis front cross member) has the letters "AC" before or after it, then the Alternate Construction on -site check list supplied with the home must be completed and returned to the home manufacturer in a timely manner. If the AC Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 36 to 4. 1/15/09 sion may be required during lifting. However, take care not to overextend the roof and damage the hinge. Raise the roof evenly in small increments, keep- ing it level throughout the entire process to prevent racking. Do not allow roof- ing paper and shingles to get caught in the hinge crease. (Figure 20) Secure king posts. Secure the moveable portion of the king post to the ridgebeam by driving two (2) #8x3" wood screws through the beam and into the hinged king post (at Wind; Zone 1). Use five (5) #8x3-1/2" screws at Wind Zone II or III. (Figure 21 and; Figure 22). Lifting mechanism \ \ Hinged King post t�_ Fixed King post / Truss with angled King Post. 2-#8x3" screws at Wind Zone I. 5484-1/2" screws at wind Zone II and III. 2-Nax3" sctews at Wlnd Zone I. 5484-VT screws at Wind Zone II and 111. _i;:rad. oryinstalled IIl 5. Redistribute Insulation. Before closing up the attic space check that the in- sulation has not shifted. Re -level the insulation if needed. 6. Install gable walls. Assembled frames or wall studs and sheathing needed for the site assembly of the gable end walls may be provided. Install the gable end walls for each home section as follows Figure 23. End wall completion: • Studs: Install studs 16 inches o.c. with 3-12d nails or 4-15Ga.x7/16"x2- 1/2" staples, and; • Sheathing: Install 3/8" min OSB sheathing with 8d nails or 16Ga. x 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples 6" o.c. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM ine Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) checklist relates to the roof, then failure to do so may require future disassembly of the roof and further in- spections. Figure 20. Typical roof lifting arrangement. The final position of the truss is shown on the truss detail included with this manual. Figure 21. Ridge beam to hinged king post fastening T. 0 PE19600312 STATE OF S/ONA' t�N�`````� Jeffrey T. Legault �! 2009.01.09 11:25:07-05'00' Figure 22. Alternate ridge beam to king post fastening 37 is to HUD w 7. Install'vents. Extend plumbing vents, exhaust fans, appliance vents, and fire- place stacks through the hinged portion of the roof in strict accordance with this manual (Prepare Appliances and Equipment, p. 86) and/or supplemen- tal instructions provided by the home manufacturer. 8. Roof Close-up. A paper spacer has been placed between the two courses of shingles at the hinge to prevent premature sealing of the upper course. Re- move this paper and fasten the upper course in place as shown on the shingle installation instructions. Repeat procedure on other half of home. The units should now be joined together. The fastening of the ridgebeam halves to- gether as specified in this manual can be accomplished either by reaching down from the roof opening at the ridge or by moving along inside the roof cavity. Care should be taken not to damage the ceiling during this operation. 9. Ridge Assembly. Some models will require the framing of the peak area of the home to be completed on site. Extend peak close off frame from each half until they meet at the mating line. (Figure 24) Fasten each peak frame block to each truss top chord w/3-10d nails. Fasten the peak rails together w%10d nails 8" o.c. or w/#8x3" screws 8" o.c. Attach the roof sheathing at the peak to the blocking w/15Ga.x7/16"x1-1/2" staples or 8d nails 4" o.c. There is not a removable piece of roof decking at the peak (for ridgebeam access with this type of construction. Install roof felt and remaining shingles to complete the peak close -off. Extend peak sections '�, i - to mating line. i Site install roof.sheathing at//����� Fasten peak rails together peak (shipped loose). 7� X/8" od nails or il8z3" screws HingcaVussµRim l) (typical) I / �;• i�\/• • Fasten each block to each o.c. truss w1310d nails (typical). STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET A continuous, non -porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier must be installed on at least one side of the marriage line; along the floor, end walls and ceiling (and mar- riage lines for any tag units). Skyline Corp. has installed this gasket in the factory. In- spect the gasket and repair any gaps or tears. If not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections along the floor, end walls, and ceiling (Figure 25). For homes with through -the -rim crossover ducts (see Crossover Connections, p. 52) inspect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4- inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. En- sure that duct openings are unobstructed. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 38 Figure 23. End wall comple- tion i // Inspecting vents. Fuel fired heating appliance and fire- place vents that pass through a hinged roof must be completed and in- spected at the site prior to energizing the appliance or occupying the home. Fail- ure to comply with this pre- caution may result in seri- ous injury or death. Venting systems must be installed in conformance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions and any in- structions supplied with the home. Figure 24. Ridge Assembly Checking through -the -rim - ducts. Ensure that through - the -rim -duct connections are secure and tight after the home sections are to- gether. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM A 4 �® Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115/09 Ridge beam Mating line rim joist STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS Follow this procedure to install additional home sections: 1. Remove obstructions. Remove protruding nails and staples or anything else that will keep the home sections from fitting together snugly. If present, cut the temporary ceiling and floor plates at the edges of marriage line openings tak- ing care not to damage ceiling or floor coverings or displace temporary mar- riage line support posts (these supports and the plates will be removed after the home sections have been structurally connected). 2. Complete crossovers. Before moving the two sections together, complete any crossover connections that require access from the open marriage line, including the attic duct connection (if present) and marriage wall interior elec- trical connections (see Connect Crossovers, p.52). 3. Position section. Position the section as closely as possible (ideally within six inches) and line up with the previously set section. If using a mechanical positioning system or crane, follow the system manufacturer's instructions or the crane operator's directions. 4. Construct piers. With the outside walls of the home aligned, construct the piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home (p. 30) before continuing to the steps below. 5. Level section. Lower the section onto the outside piers first, inside piers last. Before releasing the mechanical positioning system, check interior doorways and other openings for misalignments that may cause problems during trim - out. The floors should be flush, level, and tight and the roof section should have little, if any, gap at the top of the marriage line. Use at least two come -a - longs to pull the sections snugly together and use the water level or other lev- eling device to set all piers and shims. 6. Shim gaps. Shim any gaps up to one inch between structural elements with dimensional lumber. If any gaps exceed one inch, re -position the home to eliminate such gaps. STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS Make floor structural connections according to one of the methods described below. Method 1: Install fasteners through rim joists With the home aligned at the floor and supported by its foundation, join the floors as shown in Figure 26 using the fastener type, size, and spacing indicated on Table 13. A gap of V is allowable. Gaps larger than'/2" must be filled with plywood or lumber shims. Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 Figure 25. Mating Line Gas- ket Mechanical posi- tioning system. For a pier - set home, a mechanical positioning system (such as a roller system) will make the process easier and safer and be less likely to damage the home. Sealing gaps. Prior to com- pletion of the exterior close- up, gaps that do not exceed one inch are permitted be- tween structural elements provided that the gaps are closed before completion of close-up, the home sec- tions are in contact with each other, and the mar- riage gasket provides a proper seal. 39 iliYimii .- A . Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Lag screw with 3/8" x 3" 24 - 36 in. 24 - 36 in. 24 - 36 in. washer Increase fastener lengths by 3 inches for double rim joists. Marriage Figure 26. Floor connection Line Floor Fastener Decking Rim Joists Along Marriage Marriage Line Line Gasket Fastener Staggered At Next i Spacino Interval Install additional fasteners as indicated below, making sure to repair any openings in the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). • Install two additional fasteners at each end of the home at approximately a 45 degree angle (+/- 5 degrees) from horizontal. Patch bottom • If the home has a through -the -rim crossover duct, install one additional fas- board. Use adhesive tener at each side of the duct opening. spray, mastic, and/or diver- gent staples in combination • After installation of fasteners, repair tears or holes in the bottom board using with bottom board tape for tape specially made for that purpose. a more secure and durable connection. bKyline 40 -Conforms to HUD MHCSS STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF ' 12/16/09 If the marriage line along the roof is not snug, position jacks every 20 feet or less along the outside I-beam and uniformly lift the section until the roof area is tight. Check to make sure the ceiling joint is flush before installing the connections. If not, use a jack and tee to raise whichever ceiling is low, starting at the front and working to the rear of the home. Fasten the roof along the marriage line using one of the methods below for either double or triple -section homes. DOUBLE -SECTION HOMES Make roof structural connections in double -section homes according to the method de- scribed below. Install fasteners through ridge beam To obtain access into the ceiling cavity, fold back the underlayment paper and remove the 16" wide sheathing panel(s) at the peak. The beam halves may be bolted or lag screwed together. Install bolts or lag screws at 24" o.c. with 6 additional bolts/lags over interior beam supports. (Figure 27). Predrill 11" piliot holes for lag screws at 1-1/2" down from the top of the beam and with a maximum offset from horizontal of 45 de- grees. Use fastener sizes as specified in Table 14. Stagger fasteners on each side of Imarriage line. Spacing indicated is on -center, both sides of ridge. Fasteners may be installed from one -side of ridge beam only. NOTE: (1) When beam support consists of a column instead of Centerline bearing wall, use 6 bobsflags at T O.C. each side of column. (2) Beam marked with paint at column locations. 9' 3• Roof Ridge Beam — Endwall Hall bearing wall-47" TABLE 14. ROOF CONNECTIONS SPECIFICATIONS Bolts with washers both 3/8" x 4-1/2" 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. sides L-ag.screws with in 24 in: -24'in -' washers 3/8 x-5" 24„� ^. 41:45 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) //. Closing the roof gap. Level and fasten the marriage line joint at the floor before jacking to tighten a roof gap. DO NOT use roof fas- teners to close any gaps. Separation of the ridge beams and trusses may occur. Figure 27. Ridge beam fas- tening 41 is to HUD In Wind Zones II and III an optional metal cap or straps may be installed as follows: Caps • Select metal caps made of minimum 8" x 30 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" aluminum. • Install caps continuously, overlapping by minimum of four inches at splices. • Fasten caps with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 1.2 ga 1-1/4" long x 3/8" diameter head roof nails or #8 x 1-1/4" sheet metal screws at two inches o.c. both sides of ridge. Straps • Select metal straps made of minimum 1-1/2" wide x 26 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" aluminum. • Space straps a minimum of 96 inches o.c. for Wind Zone II and a minimum 80 inches o.c. for Wind Zone III. TRIPLE -SECTION HOMES For triple -section homes where roof lines run parallel to each other on adjacent units (Figure 29), follow the instructions in the appropriate method below to complete the connections at the roof. Method 1: Install fasteners through pre -installed sheathing For homes where sheathing is in place on both sides of the marriage line (Figure 28) install fasteners from the low side of the roof on an angle so as to penetrate roof beams on both sides of marriage line, using the fastener specifications and spacings indicated on Table 15. Center Section Outer Section Factory -Installed Underlayment� Factory -Installed %I%.— Shingles Field -Installed Shingles Factory -Installed Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underlayment Min 6' Wide Metal (Optional) Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 42 V&* // Installing lags. If lags are used to connect roofs, use pilot holes and use appro- priately sized washers. When to use metal straps. If a ridge vent will be in- stalled, use straps instead of a continuous cap. Figure 28.Triple-section roof connection Method 1 See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM A ..1: Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 15. ROOF CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Method 2: Install fasteners with ship loose sheathing For homes where sheathing is shipped loose to be installed on site (Figure 30) fasten field -installed sheathing to all underlying blocking and framing with 15 ga 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples at four inches o.c. in field and perimeter. Field installed shingles Field installed sheathing Feld installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) Factory installed shingles 1 Factory installed underlayment installed sheathing STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS Once the home is secured along the marriage line floor and roof, secure end walls, in- terior doorways, and marriage line partitions according to the appropriate method de- scribed below. END WALLS Install toed fasteners through sheathing Toe fasteners through sheathing from the exterior at am approximately 45 degree angle (+/- 5 degrees) (Figure 31) according to the fastener specifications and spacing re- quirements in Table 16. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 29.Triple-section home Figure 30.Triple-section roof connection Method 2 43 is to TABLE 16. END WALL F Gasket Wall Studs Exterior Siding or Exterior Siding Underlayment SPECIFICATIONS MARRIAGE WALL COLUMNS, OPENINGS AND INTERIOR PARTITIONS Make connections inside the home along the marriage walls (Figure 32 and Figure 33) by installing fasteners according to the specifications and spacing requirements in Table 17. Toe screw 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 studs; through -screw 2 x 3 studs. iheH Occurs Optional: Feld Applied Gyp Board Not Less Than 24"Nor Larger Than 48". Fasten Per Notes _ Skyline Corporation 44 Interior Wall Butts Into Manage Walls Wall Covering Applied At Manufacturing Facility 1115109 Figure 31. End wall connec- tion toed through sheathing Figure 32. Marriage wall connections Figure 33. Marriage line col- umn connections I TABLE 17. MARRIAGE WALL CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Wood screw .:X'q s STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS After the main unit has been set on its foundation, install all tag units according to the following procedure: 1. Position and block the tag. Position the tag unit as close to the main unit as possible at its intended location. Use a hitch jack to obtain approximate level- ing and install pier supports according to Set the Home, STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION (p. 30). Determine whether the tag and main unit floors are designed to line up flush or are offset by a step and adjust the tag pier heights accordingly. 2. Level the unit. Using a water level (p.34), verify that the piers are level. The elevation of all points along the lower flange of the I-beam should be no more than 3/8 inches from the desired height and should not deviate more than 3/4 inches overall. 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the tag unit is level with main unit floor, connect the floors together as described in STEP 5. CONNECT FLOORS (p. 39). Connect walls. Secure the tag unit walls to the main unit sidewall using #8 x 4" screws at 12 inches o.c. (see Figure 34). The sheathing shown in the detail may not be included by the manufacturer. If included, the sheathing over the last stud bay was tacked in place at the factory for easy removal at the site. Once the wall connections are complete, re -install the sheathing and complete the siding installation. 4. Connect roofs. Connect the tag unit roof to the main unit roof using #10 x 5" screws or 3/8" x 6" lag screws, toe screwed at each main unit vertical struc- tural member (stud or truss) location. See Figure 35 for flush roof connections Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 i T /Z Piers under tag units. Some tag units have spe- cial piering needs due to the roof and/or floor con- struction. These will be de- tailed in supplemental pier- ing plans supplied with the home. Note that tag unit end walls are typically load bearing rather than side walls. Figure 34. Tag unit wall connection 45 Conforms to 1/15/09 and Figure 36 for roof connections with an offset greater than two inches. Roof connections with an offset less than two inches do not require screws. Shngle Urderhyment Figure 35. Tag unit flush roof Instal F6shmg Pot Shing ps connection Metal Fastener Fascia Figure 36. Tag unit offset Roof Deckingroof connection Unit Shh!lsa Tag Unit Main Unt--'—�--- Metal Fhshng (ar Top Course Roof Decking of Vinyl Szu; Tag tkt Fastener \- lEiF C=.0 STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS Once the home is properly supported and the marriage line connections are completed, remove the temporary ridge beam supports and wall/ceiling plates used to brace the ridge beam during shipment. Take care not to damage the ceiling. Remove and store or properly dispose of or recycle the hitch, axles, and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION Fasten the home to the foundation (typically to the sill plate) according to the fastening schedule provided by the manufacturer. STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the waterproofing, taking care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the site as described in Prepare the Site, STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p.14). STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS Construct the basement stairs in compliance with the local building code. Take care that adequate headroom is maintained under beams and that there is sufficient landing space at the bottom of the stairs. Skyline 46 I ZZ When to backfill. Backfill ' against basement walls only after the home is con- nected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Cutting the chassis. Do not cut, notch, bend, or alter in any manner beams, cross - members, and other parts of the steel chassis. to 4 y 1/15/09 Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 47)-E STEP.2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF (p. 49) STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS (p. 49) STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi -section homes, the first step yin completing the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line (Figure 37). For homes with asphalt shingles, follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials, follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. Cap Shingle Underlayment Metal (Wind Zone 2 8 3 Only) Factory Installed Shingles L Factory Installed Shingles Underlayment Roof Deck 1. Install underlayment (when sheathing at the ridge is installed on site). Make sure the roof sheathing is already installed (see Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 6. CONNECT ROOF, p. 39). Install 15# felt or equivalent continuously along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installa- tion, install them now using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head roof nails. For Wind Zone I, fasten at 5/8 inch above each tab cutout slot and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (four fasteners for a three -tab shingle) (Figure 38). For Wind Zones II and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (six fasteners for a three -tab shingle). Do not fasten through the shingle tar line. —36°Shingle � —36°Shingle % % 12" % % %- % % % 12" % Fastener Locations 3. Install underlayment. Install 15# felt or equivalent underlayment that is at least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind' Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation Figure 37. Shingle installa- tion at ridge &AZZ Weatherproofing. It is vitally important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to inclement weather. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove shipping pro- tection from the roof prior to completing roofing. Figure 38.Shingle fastener locations for Wind Zone 1 (left) and Wind Zones 11 and 111 (right). 47 Conforms to HUD MH SS _ _'� x k of roofing cement on both sides of the ridge under the underlayment. 4. Install shingle cap. Starting at the opposite end of the home from the prevail- ing wind, install ridge cap shingles provided by the manufacturer or use 12" x 12" shingles (36" shingles cut into three equal pieces) (Figure 39). Install us- ing 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head roofing nails spaced 5-5/8 inches from bottom edge and 1/2 inch to 1-1/2 inches in from both edges. Cover the exposed fasteners with tar or cement. Cut shingle into three pieces as shown by dotted line 1�2�3 HINGE ROOF CLOSE-UP For homes with hinged roofs, complete roofing underlayment and shingles along the hinge line (Figure 40) as follows: 1. Install underlayment. Attach the underlayment to the roof deck with a mini- mum of six-inch wide strip of cement. If necessary, trim the underlayment to allow the lowest shingle above the hinge of the roof to seal to the topmost shingle on the lower portion of the roof. Site Install Shingles In Hinged Area Per The Instructions On The Shingle Package o� Shipped Loose With The Home. SO After <R After Roof Is In The Raised Position, vPpe Trim The Shingle UnderlaymentTo Allow The Shingle Of The Upper ~ Roof Section To Seal Onto The Last Shingle Of The Lower Roof Section. Hinge G. et �10 o1 se Underlayment As phaIt Roof ng Cement Between Layers of U nderlayment Minumum 6" Wide 2. Install shingles. Install missing shingles according to the shingle manufac- turer's instructions. COMPLETE TRIPLE -SECTION ROOFS Complete roofing along triple -section home marriage lines according to one of the fol- lowing methods based on the construction of the home. Method 1: Dual ridge beams 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and apply a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the sheathing. Lay the underlayment of the center section on top of the cement (see Best Practice tip for optional metal flashing). Fold down the center section roof un- derlayment on this cement. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles, securing them per the shingle manufacturer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). Skyline Co 48 1 i&I/, Installing a ridge vent. If a ridge vent is to be installed, follow the ridge vent manu- facturer's instructions pro- vided with the material or as an addendum to this manual in lieu of underlay- ment over ridge line and shingle cap. Figure 39. Shingle cut into thirds Figure 40. Shingle installa- tion at hinge line Installing metal flashing. Install optional metal flashing over the roof decking before applying roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- ten 30 ga x 6" wide mini- mum galvanized metal with roofing nails or 16 ga x 1" crown staples of sufficient length to penetrate the roof sheathing. Space fasteners four inches o.c. or less near the edge of the metal. Overlap the metal by at least two inches at joints. AW AW Conforms to HUD MHCSS Center Section Outer Section 1/15/09 ctory-Installed Underlayment-1 Factory -Installed shingles J Field Installed Shingles Factory -Installed Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underlayment Min 5' Wide (Optional) Method 2: Field -installed sheathing 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and fold up the underlaymeni on the center section roof. Apply to the lower roof underlayment a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement centered on the sheathing joint. Cover with the shipped loose underlayment. Apply an- other minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the ship loose under- layment centered on the upper roof sheathing joint. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles per the shingle manufac- turer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). Factory installed underlayment Field Installed shingles Field installed sheathing jr Field installed underlayment 1 / Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) installed shingles installed sheathing STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF If the home has a tag unit, complete roofing for this unit now. The process for complet- ing the roof is different for flush and offset roofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- ate section below. FLUSH ROOFS For flush roofs, complete roofing along the marriage line and at the valley line as fol- lows (see Figure 43): Figure 41. Triple -section roof connection Method 1 See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information. Figure 42. Triple -section roof connection Method 2 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 49 aKW-MJkli. is to 1115109 Shingle Underlayment Instal FInt FlatOver JoM Marriage line Method 1: Install metal flashing (minimum 30 ga x minimum 6" wide) over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof. Secure the flashing to the roof decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a one inch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks. Space fasteners maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing. Overlap seams in the metal by at least two inches. After flashing is complete, install shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 47). Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factoryinstalled under- layment a minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 47). Valley line Along the bottom of the valley, shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing, overlap the tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose, install the roll roofing at the valley, lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either by interweav- ing them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. OFFSET ROOFS If there is a gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less than two inches, fold up the main unit dormer fascia, slide the underlayment and flash- ing from the tag unit roof behind the fascia, and bend the fascia back down and secure into sub -fascia with metal screws (Figure 44). Figure 43. Tag unit flush roof connection See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 50 HUD MHCSS 1115/09 Main Unit Roof (Shingles Not Factory4ntalled Flashing Shown on Main Unitfor Claity)—Ddp Edga Undedayment Carried Up Into Donner Sub -Fascia Fascia Fascia Main Unit Factory -lost Dormer Flashing Shingles Distance Between Main Unit I \ Donner and Tag Unit Roof May —J Underlayment ov�Rdled Vary (Min.a to Max of 21 Roofing Carried Up lnm TUrit �RZI Dormer anent ver oiled Tag Unit Truss Main Unit Dormer Truss If the gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof is two inches or more, bend up,the inside corner trim at the dormer overhang and main unit sidewall, fold up the factory installed flashing on the tag unit roof, fold the inside corner trim back down, and secure into dormer wall with metal screws (Figure 45) les Fascia ) Roof Decking —� -- Main Unit S hi ng [as Metal Flash (or Top C. e of Vinyl Siding) Roof Decking Tag Unit Fastener STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS Siding necessary to complete the exterior has been provided with the home. Follow the siding manufacturer's instructions (found on or with the packaging or as an addendum to this manual) and to complete the exterior siding as follows: 1. Remove shipping protection. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls. 2. Complete crossovers. Complete any crossover connections in the walls, in- cluding: electrical, stereo speaker, doorbell, telephone, and intercom wires. 3. Install siding. Fasten siding only at stud locations, avoiding electrical wires that are present in the walls. 4. Install close-up of strips. If siding has been installed on the end walls at the factory, fasten close-up strips securely along both edges and seal the edges with a waterproof sealant. 5. Install trim. Install any matching trim required to complete the installation. 6. Seal penetrations. With a waterproof sealant, seal any penetrations in the siding that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. Figure 44. Tag unit roofing connection with less than two inch height difference Figure 45. Tag unit offset roof connection Covering the HUD label. Do not cover the HUD label on the exterior of the home. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls before installing sid- ing or serious moisture damage may result. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 51 'Crossovers0 0 Conforms to Y - • HUD MHCSS Connect Crossovers 1/15/09 This chapter covers crossover connections between units of multi -section homes, including ducts and electrical, water, waste, gas, telephone, and cable TV connections. STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS There are three main types of duct crossover connections. Based on the location of the duct, follow the installation steps on the page indicated below: • Under the floor (p. 52). • In the roof cavity (p. 54). • , In floor, through -the -rim joist (p. 54) To prevent air leakage, seal all ductwork connections, including duct collars using one or more of the following materials: • Galvanized metal straps in combination with galvanized sheet metal screws. • For rigid air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181A. • For flexible air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181 B. UNDER FLOOR FLEXIBLE CROSSOVER DUCT When heating or cooling equipment is installed in the home, the flexible crossover duct is provided by the manufacturer. In all cases the crossover duct must be listed for exte- rior use. There are four common configurations of under floor crossover ducts depending on the number of home sections and the furnace/air handler location. See Table 18 to locate the appropriate figure. TABLE 18. UNDER FLOOR DUCT CONFIGURATIONS Furnace location J Two home sections Three home sections Furnace over trunk duct See Figure 46 See Figure 48 Fumace offsetfrom trunk duct } dF See Figure 47 r i5 See Figure 49 i , /Z Qualified personnel. Use only qualified personnel to make crossover connec- tions. Consult the LAHJ for licensing or any additional crossover connection re- quirements. Access for service. When- ever possible maintain ac- cess to connection areas for future maintenance. Make tight connections. Permanent, durable, and tight crossover duct con- nections are critical to the proper performance of the home. Leaky ducts can re- sult in severe moisture problems in the home, dis- comfort from rooms not re- ceiving the proper amount of conditioned air, and high utility bills from wasted heating and/or cooling en- ergy. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 52 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 46. Fumace over Furnace I Air trunk duct, two home sec- ASection Handler ® B Section tions DI Floor Heat Dud Tap -Out Collar Flex Dud Field -Installed Flex Support Straps Duct i Furnace/Air Figure 47. Furnace offset Handler from trunk duct, two home A Section W B Section sections Heat Dud Tap -Out Collar Field -Installed Flex Dud Flex Dud Support Straps 7V--B�,x KUnder Furnace Furnace/Air Figure 48. Furnace over Handler trunk duct, three home sec- ASection B Section C Section tions Floor Heat Du Tap -Out Collar Field4nstalled Flex Dud "V tlox Under Furnace Dud Support Straps A Section Furnace Mir B Section C Section Figure 49. Furnace offset Handler from trunk duct, three home sections Installed Flex Dud "V'-BoxUnderFurnace Flex Duct SupportStraps For under floor flexible crossover ducts follow the steps below: 1. Locate collars. Locate the metal crossover collars (or V-box) connected to the main trunk duct (or furnace) under the home and remove temporary ship- ping protection. Securing the 2. Install inner duct. Slide the crossover duct inner liner over the crossover col- crossover. Between Step IarN-box as far as it will go. Temporarily fasten the inner liner in place with 5 and Step 6, drill three or duct tape. Install a large nylon zip -tie overthe inner linerjust above the "ridge" more 1/16 inch holes an around the crossover collarN-box. Apply mastic completely over inner liner equal distance around and and collarN-box (alternately, the mastic may be applied to the collarN-box just below the bottom edge prior to sliding the duct inner liner over it). of the nylon zip -tie. Install 3. Connect duct insulation. Bring the duct insulation up over the zip -tie and #12 pan head screws in above the home's bottom board into the floor cavity. Temporarily duct tape it these holes, through the against the base of the trunk �duct/V-box. flexible duct and into the 4. Pull duct wrap. Pull the crossover duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- metal crossover collarN- tion and temporarily secure it to the trunk duct/V-box with duct tape. box. The screw heads 5. Install zip -tie. Feel for the nylon zip -tie that was installed over the inner liner. should be against the zip - tie. Place another nylon zip -tie ju',st under the first one to permanently secure the crossover duct insulation and outer wrap. 6. Trim duct. Trim the crossover duct to length such that the installed duct will i /, be straight with no kinks or unnecessary bends. A 7. Connect other end. Follow the same procedure (steps 1 through 5) to con- Cover exposed metal. nect the opposite end of the crossover duct and any other crossover ducts. Completely cover all ex- 8. Seal joints. Seal the joints between the bottom board and the crossover duct posed metal connectors with foam or mastic. with insulation. Apply seal- 9. Support duct. Support the crossover duct(s) above the ground using nylon or 'saddles ants and tapes only to sur- faces.that are dry and free galvanized metal straps and spaced every 48 inches o.c. or less. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 53 NOM ® cOOroPII1S to HUD MHOS: 3/19/09 Choose straps at least 1/2 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- rals. Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. ROOF CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT For ducts installed in the roof cavity, follow the steps below: 1. Access duct. Access the crossover location through an access panel in the roof and remove any temporary shipping protection. 2. Join ducts. Using the provided flexible duct, join the distribution boxes in each section of the home as shown in Figure 50, cutting off any extra duct' length to keep the duct as straight as possible. The duct is connected to one side of the home. 3. Fasten ducts. At each connection point between ducts and between ducts and distribution boxes or connectors, secure the inner duct liner with a nylon strap, apply mastic completely over the connection area, pull the duct insula- tion and outer liner over the connection area, and secure them with a second nylon strap. 4. Reinstall panel. Reinstall and secure the access panel. IN THE FLOOR CROSSOVER DUCT Where one or more crossover ducts are built into the home's floor system, connect them either through (note openings in rim joists) or under (note access panels in bot- tom board) the rim joist depending on the design of the home. Method 1: Flex duct through rim joist Connect flex ducts that pass through the rim joist (Figure 51) as follows: 1. Access duct. From underneath the home, cut through the bottom board and part the floor insulation to access the duct. 2. Extend duct. Extend the flex duct from the side of the home with the furnace through the rim joist opening and connect it to the opposing duct using the provided splicing collar. 3. Connect duct. Connect the ducts using the procedure for joining under floor flexible crossover ducts (p. 52). 4. Seal bottom board. Move the floor insulation back to its original location and seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). Marriage Line — Rim Joist TTT 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 J_1�L Flexible Duct Bottom Board — plicing Collar Decking Area of dust, dirt, and grease. Avoid ground contact. In- stalled crossover ducts must not be in contact with the ground. Unobstructed airflow. Ex- �cess length, kinks and bends in the crossover duct will restrict airflow and de- grade the home's HVAC system performance. Figure 50. Duct crossover located in the roof cavity V&*#ZFZ Additional marriage line support. If the duct runs through the marriage line rim joist, and perimeter blocking is required, a pe- rimeter pier is required un- der the marriage wall at the crossover location or un- less the home is con- structed with a perimeter support system. Figure 51. In -floor duct with flex duct connection though the rim joist (shown with peri- meter frame system) Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3/18/20091:25: 54 is )nforms to JD MRCS; 1/15/09 Method 2: Gasketed Type through the rim joist With a through -the -rim joist design, the duct in each floor section terminates at an opening in the marriage line rim joist. Fixed through -the -rim crossovers employing a marriage line gasket such as in Figure 52 were completed in Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 38) and require no additional work here. 3'R14r rectangular to 5' (or 6) round adapter. Typical each side of mating rive. 7311fi min. flDerg duot boats gasket between rbn joisla Malug line rlm joist Faclmy installed. #3 SPF 2© rea. Not required with Dual Quad or Integral Floor unts. Under the rim joist In this configuration, flexible crossover ducts from adjoining sections pass through the floor and dip under the rim joist at the marriage line where they are joined (Figure 53). Pull each pair of ducts through the openings provided in the bottom board, under the marriage line rim joist and connect them using the provided splicing collar and the pro- cedure for joining under floor flexible crossover ducts (p. 52) or the duct manufacturer instructions if provided. Marriage Line Rim Joist — Insulation — Bottom Board Collar lexible Duct IoorDecking Plywood Reinforcing Plate (Typ. Each Side) Figure 52. In -floor duct with gasket between halves. Figure 53. In -floor duct with flex duct crossover under the rim joist 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 55 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS Multi -section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s) along the marriage line(s). JOINING WIRES Two types of connections may be present at these locations —snap connectors and junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover location. These will be coded for identification. Connect snap connectors according to the connector manufacturer's installation instructions, including fastener requirements. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows (Figure 54): Pull wires. Pull circuit wires into the junction box, sliding them through a romex con- nector and secure snugly. (Figure 54) Do not over -tighten. 1. Strip wires. Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. 2. Connect wires. Connect wires together matching like colors, using appropri- ately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or cover plate(s), if metal. Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or 20-amp circuits, or a single 240-volt appliance circuit. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal) screws. )prove d P las Uc orrvblal Box (Typical) rps PerType Used (rypicao Single 15 or 20 AMP CPcul Double 15 or 20 AMP circuits FLOOR CROSSOVER When making electrical connection(s) in the floor, use one of the wiring options de- scribed below: Method 1: Access panel 1. Access wires. Find the crossover location(s) and remove the access panel(s) if attached. If access panel openings are not provided, cut through bottom board to expose the wiring (Figure 55). 2. Route wires. Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim joist or if there is a single bumped -out access panel as in Figure 56, then un- der the rim joists. If holes or notches have not been provided and there is no bumped -out access panel, drill maximum one -inch diameter hole(s) half -way up the rim joists on each home section, making sure the holes align and feed the wire through the hole. 3. Connect wires. Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s) as de- scribed above. 4. Secure wires. Secure wires with staples to adjacent joists or studs within eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). 5. Install smash plates. For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protec- tors (smash plates). 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re -install access panels and/or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). The access panel(s) may be temporarily installed near the crossover 7pp-® Conform; to, HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Use qualified electricians. All electrical work must be performed by a qualified electrician and comply with the 2005 NEC. Disconnect power. Turn off power to the home before making connections. Proper use of GFCI cir- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupted (GFCI) circuits are connected to the proper GFCI protected circuits from the power supply. Figure 54. Types of junction box wiring connections 240V Appliance arcul V&*IrZZA Using snap connectors. Do not use oversized nails or drive nail heads into snap connectors. Some connec- tors are designed for one- time use only — a new con- nector must be used if they become separated. Protect cables. Cover all cables with conduit or other suitable weather -resistant and protective material. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 56 ,. Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 location or shipped loose with the home. asket Figure 55. Electrical cross- over floor wires with flush r- - - - - , - "ale TnroLgn . access panels t i Rim Jost L----J Junction Box or — _rlf Joists Are Notched, Steel Protectors May Be Provded With the Home Snap -Connector ��Access Panel May Be Provided Figure 56. Floor electrical crossover wires with r — bumped -out access panel TJ Junction Box or Snap Comecta PiotacWe Cava (B Not Pmvided, Patch Bdtan Board.) Method 2: Junction box with conduit 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes are not exposed, access them inside the floor by cutting the bottom board or by removing the access panel(s). Remove the junction box covers. 2. Connect wires. If wire is coiled inside one junction box, insert it into provided flexible conduit and pass it under the rim joists to the opposing box and make the connection as described above. If no coiled wire is provided, install pro- vided ship -loose conduit with�wire making connections in both boxes (Figure 57). 3. Cover boxes. Replace and secure covers on junction boxes. 4. Seal floor. Replace any displaced insulation and replace access panel or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). Variation to Method 2: A junction box may be installed only on one side with the other side containing conduit behind an access panel. Bring the conduit to other side and make one connection in the junction box. Figure 57. Under the rim joist electrical crossover connection with conduit U U �T Junction Box (May Be Under Wire For Crossover orAlongside Floor Joist ayBe Coiled Inside Junction Box Iexible Conduit WALL CROSSOVERS // Connect electrical, phone, cable television, and stereo speaker wires in marriage walls � and/or partition and end walls. Avoid damaging crossover If access panels into the marriage walls are not provided, then the connection should wires. Carefully fold mar - have been made prior to bringing the home sections together. If access panels are riage wall crossover wires provided in marriage, end or partition walls, remove the panels, join the wires as so they stay within a single described above using the provided snap -connector, junction box, or at a receptacle, bay and are not sand- 09 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 57 to 1/15/09 i r and re -attach the access panel (Figure 58 for marriage walls and Figure 59 for partitions and end walls). Connect Wires at Junction Box, Receptacle, or r--1 Snap -Connector Optional Access Panel r STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded, electrically bond all chasses to- gether as follows (Figure 60): 1. Find lugs. Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. 2. Attach wire. If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wire (#8 minimum bare copper wire) from one side of the home and connect it to the lug provided on the opposing side using the provided paint penetrating star washer, tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Line Rear Outrigger at , L#8 Min. Copper '-,_Solderless Lug Each Marriage Line Ground Wire Half of Home 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided, attach the pro- vided four -inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two #8 x 3/4" self -tapping metal screws (one screw each side). wiched between studs when the sections are pulled together. Figure 58. Inside marriage wall crossover connection Figure 59. Inside partition or end wall electrical crossover connection Figure 60. Electrical bonding of multi -section homes Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 58 00 to 1/15/09 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES Connect water lines inside the floor through access panels or below the bottom board as follows: WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH PANELS 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping caps from ends of water lines. 3. Pull lines. Pull water lines through holes in rim joist. If holes are not provided, drill round holes in the center of the rim joist, with a maximum diameter of one third the rim joist depth (Figure 61). 4. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using provided connector fit- tings (do not use lubricants or sealants). Connect non -threaded water lines using provided fittings and cement, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting (a short connector pipe may be iprovided to bridge the gap between sections). 5. Test. Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor. Securely replace insulation and access panels. WATER LINES DROPPED BELOW BOTTOM BOARD 1. Remove caps. Remove protective shipping caps from ends of pipes and make sure pipe ends are clean and smooth. 2. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using flexible pipe or a rigid connector line (if provided) and connector fittings (do not use lubricants or sealants). Connect non -threaded water lines, pipe, and elbows with cement provided, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting (Figure 62). 3. Test. Test connections for leaks. 4. Protect pipes. Wrap water lines with insulation and bottom board shipped loose with home or otherwise protect to prevent freezing. Tape bottom board using tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided) and staple with 7/16" x 1/2" staples at four inches o.c. around bottom board using a divergent (stitch) stapler or equivalent. If heat tape is used it must be listed for manufac- tured home use and be installed in compliance with manufacturer instructions. Supply Side (Side With Water Heater) Direction of Row Cap to Be Removed on Site Gasket Marriage Line Receiving Side mtective Cap Water L'ne and Elbows Shipped Loose to be Added on Site i // Applying cement. Follow cement manufacturers in- structions with respect to application and drying time. Allow cement to fully cure before filling pipes with wa- ter. Figure 61. Waterline cross- over with access panels V&OZZA Choosing cement type. Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ from the cement used for the DWV system. Figure 62. Waterline cross- over through bottom board ne Lorporatlon (4-4d NV. 1) 59 onforms to JD.MHCSS , 1115109 STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES Complete portions of the drain, waste, and vent (DWV) system that are below the floor as follows: 1. Remove caps. Remove shipping covers from pipes extending through the bottom board; inspect pipes and fittings and clean them of dirt, obstructions, and burrs. 2. Assemble pipes. Using the drain schematic drawing provided with the home, begin assembling the DWV system starting at the location farthest from the sewer/septic connection and working towards the outlet, fastening the pipe with cement or adjustable screw -clamp connectors, if provided (Figure 63). As the system is assembled, support the piping with temporary blocking. Unless otherwise noted on the schematic diagram, provide a minimum 1/4 inch per foot slope towards the sewer/septic using a plumber's level. Where a slope of 1/4 inch per foot cannot be maintained, use a minimum slope of 1/8 inch per foot and install of a full-size clean -out at the uppermost point of the run (Figure 64). Cement Coupling (P rovided) to End of Pipes Drain Pipe Fasten Coupreg (Provided) to Piping zyll_� Cover Double Ell -Long Turn 91 Direction of Flow and Slope To Sewer/Septic Support Straps Pipe Supports Direction of Flow and Slope Pipe Providing required clear- ances. Provide the drain outlet with a minimum clearance of three inches in any direction from all parts of the structure or any ap- purtenances and with not less than 18 inches unre- stricted clearance directly in front of the drain outlet. Provide any cleanouts with a minimum clearance of 12 inches directly in front of its opening. Figure 63. Drain crossover connection Figure 64.DWV system Drain rain Dropout Dropout SI ust Cover Long Turn Ell Long Turn Tee Wye (Subsitutefor6bow lean-0uCPlug Long Tum Ell and Provide a Full Size Clean Cut When Required) 3. Test. Conduct a two-part leakage test on the completed drainage system as follows: • Part 1. With all fixtures connected, and all tub and shower drains plugged, fill the system with water to the rim of the toilet bowl through a higher fix- ture. Release all trapped air, replace tub and shower plugs, backfill fix- tures, and allow the system to stand at least 15 minutes. Check for leaks. Drain the system. If leaks are found, repair and retest. • Part 2. Plug all fixtures, sinks, showers, and tubs and fill with water. Re- lease the water in all fixtures simultaneously to obtain the maximum pos- sible drain piping flow. As water is draining, check for leaks. If any are found, repair and retest. 4. Connect to outlet. Connect the main drain line to the site sewer/septic hook- up, using an approved elastomer coupling (Figure 65). Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 60 i srzz Choosing glues. Use only solvents and glues com- patible with the pipe (ABS or PVC). Follow manufac- turer's instructions. onforms to JD MHCSS 1/15/09 Examples of Connection Pipe and Fittings (Not Supplied by the&AepeplaroveCdmn Manufacturer)p at of 4 ter ain Site Sewer Hook Up 5. Install supports. Install permanent drain line supports at a distance of four feet o.c. or less (see Figure 63, Figure 65, and Figure 66). (2) 0.131-Diax3 4 Nails Min. 2x3 Lumber 0.131-Diax3y Nail — Galv.orAlum. Strip — Min.'1x3 Lumber (2) 0.131"Diax3 Nails Into Floor Jdst (2) 'e x 2- x 16GA Staples or (2) 0.131-Diax34 Nails Each End (2)Staples or� Screws Each Side .Galy. or Alum Strip .Min. W Lumber J -Drain Pipe 6. Insulate. Replace all insulation and make sure all potentially exposed portions of the DWV system are well insulated to protect against freezing. STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES The gas crossover connection may use quick disconnect fittings or threaded connec- tors. Find the connection location below the floor at the marriage line and gather the connectors (they may be shipped loose if not present under the home). For quick disconnect fittings (Figure 67), remove any dust caps and then with one hand, pull back on the quick disconnect device, snap it over the quick disconnect adap- tor and release it to complete the connection. For threaded connectors (Figure 68), remove the black cap and nipple (or any other plugs, such as a black iron plug) from "both the supply and receiving sides and screw the connector onto the supply and return pipes as necessary. Check for leaks before connecting to gas service (see Connect Utilities, STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE, p. 83). 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Figure 65. DWV connection to sewer/septic Figure 66. DWV pipe sup- port options //. Protect pipes from freez- ing. If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, pour antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- traps. Installing quick disconnect fittings. Do not use tools, lubricants, or sealants with quick disconnect fittings. Gas test precautions. Do not connect to gas service until tests described in Connect Utilities have been successfully completed. 61 Quids -Disconnect Male Fitting Flex Factory Installed Quick -Disconnect Female Fitting Installed on Inlet Side Male Cap Female Cap IT Direction of Gas Flow Shut-OffValve Installed on Inlet Side Flex Connector CPFactory Installed Female Cap Or Male Cap Direction of Gas Flow STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING Install telephone and cable television wiring in accordance with the requirements of the LAHJ, the NEC, and NFPA No.70-2005. When making crossover connections or in- stalling telephone or cable television wires, do not run them in the same raceway as, or in close proximity to, high voltage electrical conductors or cables. Wires should only be installed by trained professionals. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 62 Conforms to HUDMHGSS 1115/09 Figure 67. Gas crossover _ with quick disconnect fittings Figure 68. Gas crossover with threaded connectors V&F*IrZZA Installing wiring. When in- stalling telephone and ca- . ble television wires, do not damage electrical wires, plumbing lines, or ducts. Serious personal injury or death could result from damage to electrical wires. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM ' HUD MHCSS Complete the, Interior 1115/09 This chapter covers the completion of the home's interior finishes including finishing walls, ceilings, flooring, trim, and mis- cellaneous items. STEP 1 ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS (063) yrL } -STEP-2. FINISH GYPSUM 'BOARD (p: 63)j V' STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES`(0.=64) . V, STEP 4. COMPLETE CARPET (p, 64) STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM (p. 64)', STEP 6.'INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS (p. 64) STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS Align and secure walls at marriage line openings as follows: 1. Align walls. Align walls and clamp in place. 2. Fasten walls. Secure clamped walls together with metal straps or long screws so they do not move when the clamps are removed. Insert wood wedges in gaps between walls, and glue and screw to create a tight connec- tion. 3. Fill gaps. Fill any remaining gaps with wood or sheathing material. STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD Finish all unfinished gypsum board walls and ceilings as follows: 1. Install panels. Install ship loose gypsum panels using a 1/4 inch diameter bead of adhesive on all framing members and minimum 1-1/2 inch long dry- wall screws, nails, or staples at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. 2. Mud seams. Mud and tape all seams and corners, filling all fastener depres- sions. Follow mud manufacturer's directions. 3. Paint. When the final coat of mud is dry, prime and paint all unfinished gyp- sum board to match existing paint color and finish texture. Fastening gypsum. When attaching gypsum board, depress, but do not break the paper face with the fas- tener. Breaking the paper will weaken the connection. Using alternative materials. Obtain the home manufac- turer's approval before us- ing interior finish materials other than those provided with the home. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 63 STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES Conforms to Install interior ship loose wall and/or ceiling panels using a 1/4 inch diameter bead of Hun MHCss polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive on all framing members and fasten with minimum 1- 1/15/09 112 inch long staples or nails at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. STEP 4. COMPLETE CARPET Install and seam ship loose or rolled carpet as follows: / / A 1. Prepare floor. Clean the floor of all dirt and debris and smooth the floor deck • at the marriage line seams as necessary to ensure a level and smooth sur- Installing carpet. Only ex - face. perienced carpet installers - 2. Lay pad. Lay down the carpet pad, if provided. should install carpet. Fail- 3. Stretch carpet. Ensuring all carpet "grain" runs in the same direction, fit and ure to follow the carpet secure the carpet using a power carpet stretcher. Stretch the carpet up to .the manufacturer's directions seam and tack it down temporarily until the carpet is seamed. may void the carpet war- 4. Butter carpet. "Butter" with carpet adhesive the edges of the carpet along the ranty. seam. 5. Seam carpet. Place heat bond tape under the seam with the glue side next to the carpet and apply heat from a seaming iron to the top of the seam, press- ing the carpet into the glue. Stagger seams. 6. Keep scraps. Retain reasonable size carpet scraps to protect carpet and Stagger all seams. For ex - flooring during move -in. ample, locate the carpet pad seam three inches to STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM left of marriage line and the Using fine gauge wire staples or pin nails, install ship loose molding and wainscot pan- carpet seam three inches to eling to finish trimming out ceilings, marriage line walls, front and rear end walls, and right of marriage line. passageway doors where necessary. STEP 6. INSTALL.SHIP LOOSE ITEMS Remove all strapping, blocking, and packaging from appliances, windows, and doors. Install any drapes, mini -blinds, mirrors, door stops, closet shelves, and hardware per the product manufacturer's installation instructions. Skyline Corporation (4-48 64 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Install Stabilizing, Systems This chapter covers the design and installation of the stabilizing system which secures the home against lateral and upward forces caused by wind. The system covered here uses earth (or ground) anchors and steel straps connected to the home's longitudinal steel beams and/or exterior walls. Stabilizer plates may also be used to prevent the anchor head from moving laterally in the ground. An anchor, strap, and stabilizer plate (if used) together are referred to as a tie -down. Anchors can also be mounted in concrete footings when there is enough concrete mass (weight) to resist the lateral and upward forces. This type of system is not covered in this manual. STEP,1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS (p., 65) .° STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE-DOWN`CONFIGURATION (p. 71) STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS (p. 71)' . �� STEP 4.,'INSTALL ANCHOR&(p. 72): -STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 73) STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST'STRAPS (p. 76) STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS Create a sketch of the home plan showing the exterior walls, marriage line(s) (if any) and frame I -beams (this will be similar to the base sketch created in Prepare Footings, page 18). See Table 19 for a list of anchor locations, types, and where they are required. Pages where the requirements are provided are noted in the last column. As each anchor location is determined, mark it on the sketch, noting important dimen- sions such as spacing between anchors. When complete, this will be the home's tie - down plan (Figure 69 and Figure 70). TARI F 1Q AKIM40R I ()CATION TVPFR Location Type Zone lj�W�' I nd Zones 11 and III See pag- Frame Yes Yes 66 7 Veitical No ' Yes ' ` .70 ,. End wall Frame Sometimes Yes 70 7-7 Vertical 'Sometimes ,'Yes - 70 " Frame Yes Yes 70 _ Vertical No Yes 70 Vertical No _. Yes 70N� • " Yes, Yes-�� 70 Connect any 'factory -installed sidewall tie -down straps to a ground anchor regardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. 2. Install marriage line anchors prior to moving the home over the top of the anchor locations and then return to Set the Home or Complete Multi -Section Set respectively. Figure 69 and Figure 70 illustrate typical anchor locations for a double -section home in Wind Zone I and Wind Zones II and III respectively. i / A Need for a stabilizing sys- tem. The manufactured home must be secured against the wind by the use of an anchor assembly or an alternative foundation system. Where site or other conditions prohibit the use of the manufac- turer's instructions, a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect must design the stabilizing system. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use in flood or seismic hazard areas. In those areas retain a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect to design the stabilizing system. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 65 t r Marriage Line Key: -�—Anchor Head Strap ®Vertical Tie -down Sidewall Frame Tie -down Marriage wall vertical tie -down. ®. Extend strap to far I -Beam for Doublewide units with 5/12 Roof pitch. Endwall Tie -downs i 00 00 00 W W W W W W Sidewall vertical tie -down. Marriage Line SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 20, 21, and 22 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II, and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi -section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing, and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Check the anchor manu- facturer instructions to determine if there is a minimum spacing between anchors. Keep in mind that sidewall frame tie -downs must be located no more than two feet from each end wall. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 66 Figure 69. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zone 1 Figure 70. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zones 11 or Ill i Z/ Maximum spacing re- quirements. The LAHJ may have anchor spacing requirements that super - cede the values provided in this manual. PFS#°2 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 6/19/14 6/17/20141:25:24 PM o##C0onfbrms to ^ ' uuuMHcSu TABLE 20. WIND ZONE I SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING 1115109 Up to 25" `0 STATE OF Ir 1/0/20099:22AM Skyline Corporation(4-48PG. 1) 87 Conforms to HUD MJJc9s , 1/15/09 TABLE 21. WIND ZONE II SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING Up to 22" - 5'-4" 011111I111!!!/,14e ._._. T. �PEY •G1STQ 48" to 67" N.A. `� �� 'NA. Up to 25" PE19600312 25" to 48" - N.A. _ _ 48" to 67" - N.A. STATE OF ' Q Up to 25" 4 -� '/i��9O�F :� DI AN..•'� ���� 25" to 48" - _ _� N.A. e _ ij S r10 i /pNA1-0 48" to 67" - N.A. �//pull l g1111�1� Up to 25" �25" - N.A. effre9`=r. [egaait Q 2009.01.09 - _ to 48" N.A. 11:23:58-05'_00' 48" to 67" - N.A. - Up to 25" 5'4" 5'4" 54" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'4' Upto'25" --- 4'-0" 4'-0" 54 25"to48"-�-��---N.A.�____�� 25__ N.A. 5'4_--.�.__. _'48" __- to 67" NA. N.A. - 5'4' Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" -- 5'4' 25" to 48" . N.A. N.A. 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 64 Up to 25" 'N.A. NA. 5'-4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' Up to 25" 5W 5'-4" V-4- 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'4' _ �48"to67" N.A. N.A-_—_.-_____-_.�___...5-4' Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" - 64' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'4' Up to 25" 5'4" 5'4" __ 5'4' 25" to 48" N.A. NA. - 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'4' Up to 25" 4'-0" _. 4`0- . 5 4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5-4- 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - -- 5'-4' Up to 25" 5'4" VA" 5'-4' 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" TA' 48" to 67" 4'-0" N-0" 5'A' - Up to 25" 5'4." 5'-4" - - 5'4' 25" to 48" 4'-0" N-0" 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 5'4' Up to 25" 5'-0" 5'4" 5'-4' 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" V-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 64 Up to 25" 5' 4" 6-4" 5 4 25" to 48" 4'-0" N.A. 514 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 64 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 68 Conforms t0 HUD MHCSS 1115109 TABLE 22. WIND ZONE III SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING Up to 25 4 -0" w 25" to 48" _-- NA. — -- `\``01%111111111/// `�: T - — �� FPV Fq 48" to 67" - N.A. ,\ST�. •. Up to 25" N.A. �_` PE 19600312 25" to 48" N.A. 48" to 67" - N.A. i ; -0 •: STATE OF 1 Up to 20" 4'-0" 0c,�''s�NDIANP•' • ����� _ 20" to 48" N.A./�SS�ON _ Al NA — 48" to 67" -- N.A. /////11111U0 Up to 25" - N.A. 2009.01.09- 25" to 48" N.A. 48" to 67" N.A. - - Up to 25" 4'-0" ----_ __ _--N.A. 4'-0" - 4'-0" — 25" to 48" N.A. 4 -0 - 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" 25" to 48" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' - 4'-0" 25" to 48° N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" —_--- 48"25" to 48 N.A. A N.A.—--__4 -0^ 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' - 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Upto25" 4'-0" 4'-0" - 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0' 4'-0" - 4'-0" 25" to 48" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" U p to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" - 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" NA. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" - 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" - 4'-0" 25" to 48"------- N.A. v N.A. ,---_------- 4'-0„ ---- - 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 4.-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0° - 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) .• SIDEWALL VERTICAL ANCHORS Homes designed for Wind Zones II and III also require vertical tie -downs along the side - walls. The vertical tie -down anchor straps (or brackets for connecting to the home) are factory installed and indicate the locations. Vertical and frame sidewall tie -downs may connect to one double -headed anchor or each to its own dedicated anchor. Any factory -installed sidewall tie -down straps must be connected to a ground anchor re- gardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS End wall frame tie -downs are especially important for homes that are wider and have higher roof pitches because those features increase the surface area exposed to wind loads at the ends of the home. Use Table 23 to determine the number of end wall frame anchors required at the each end of each home section. End wall frame tie -downs are not required at Wind Zone I. PFS #05 Conforms to Hun MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 23. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS REQUIRED PER HOME SECTION ON EACH END OF THE HOME Maximum sidewall Maximum height roof pitch Wind Zone II Wind Zone III 12' 14' 16' & 18' 12' 14' section section section section section width width width width width 16' & 18' section width 0 7'-6" a� - C_ U N 9'-0" T-6" o 5 5 y 9'-0" MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS In Wind Zones II and III, marriage line anchors are required along the marriage wall. In Wind Zone I marriage line anchors are sometimes required. (Figure 80) There may be manufacturer -installed brackets indicating required tie -down locations (may be identified by tags or paint). If necessary to avoid interference with tie -downs, the marriage line pier location may be offset horizontally from the column by a maximum of 6 inches. TAG UNIT FRAME ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. TAG UNIT VERTICAL ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. PORCH POST ANCHORS At Wind Zone II or III install tie -down strap to a ground anchor through the factory in- stalled bracket. Install ground anchor and tie -down strap at each factory installed bracket. OFFSET UNIT ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for offset units. \\`��t111111111//lJ���i T. LF !4 PE19600312 STATE OF Q 90,0••' .AND I AN;P••' ��tv� 'Z' Jeffrey T. Legault �.! 2009.01.09 11:23:28-05'00' r // When to install marriage line anchors. Anchors along the marriage line must be installed prior to the second half of a multi - section home being set. Setting the strap angle. When straps are con- nected only to the near (- beam, (Figure 71) the an- gle the strap makes with the ground should be be- tween 30 degrees and 60 degrees. Angles greater than 60 degrees may re- quire closer anchor spac- ing. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 70 to 3/19/09 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION There are two primary tie -down configurations: the near beam and the far beam meth- ods. Skyline Corporation use the near, beam method for all Wind Zone I applications. The near beam method is also used at Wind Zones 11 and III, except when a unit has a 5 in 12 roof pitch, and then the far beam. method is used. The two methods are described below: • Near Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the beam closest to the anchor. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double -headed, anchor. • Far Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the out- side beam. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double - headed anchor. The far beam method is only required for double wide units at Wind Zone II or III with a 5/12 roof pitch. Sidewall Vertical Tie -down (Wind Zone II or III). Near I -Beam Far ]-Beam Gro nd Level Near Beam sidewall frame tie -down 7( Angle - 30 to 60 degrees"'Par Beam sidewall frame tie -down (5/12 Roof pitch units at Wind Zone II or III). plate Ground Anchor STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS Use the torque probe results from Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL - BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15) and the anchor manufacturer instruc- tions; select the type and length of anchor to use. The installed ground anchor size (length) must be listed (i.e. approved) for the soil class. Make sure the anchor is of sufficient length such that the top of the helix is below the frost line. Select a shaft diameter sufficient to resist excessive torsion, "ring -off' (when the helix or anchor head separates from shaft) or shaft splitting. Consult the anchor sup- plier for guidance. Review all of STEP 3. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 71) and STEP 4. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 72) before making final anchor selections to determine when single -headed vs. double - headed anchors should be used. Follow the specifications in Table 30 when selecting stabilizing system components. 3/18/20091:30:55 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 71. Lateral tie -down configurations 71 onforms to JD MHI S9'- r " 1/15/09 TABLE 24. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS Straps must be minimum 1-1/4" x 0.035" zinc -coated (0.30 oz per sq ft) steel strapping conforming to ASTM D3953-97, Type 1, Grade 1, Finish B with a minimum allowable working load capacity of 3,150 Ibs and a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 lbs. Slit or cut edges of zinc -coated strapping do not need to be zinc coated. STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS Before beginning anchor installation, check for obstructions under the home such as piers and frame members that may interfere with the tie down strapping. Check with util- ity companies to determine the location of underground utilities, such as electrical and phone lines, and water, sewer, and gas pipes that may be buried in potential anchor lo- cations. Also check for homeowner -installed wires and pipes, such as those connecting exterior lighting or sheds to the home. These must also be avoided. FRAME ANCHORS Frame anchors can be installed in two ways, in -line and against a stabilizer plate. The two methods are discussed below: In -Line Configuration The in -line configuration (Figure 72) for homes can be used in Wind Zone I 'only. Typi- cally, in -line anchors are used under high homes where the anchors can be installed from under the home after the home is set. In -line anchors can also be installed before the home is set, however, precisely aligning the anchor with the home both vertically and horizontally is difficult. Using swivel connectors for the strap to beam connection can provide some horizontal flexibility. To install in -line frame anchors, drive the anchor into the ground at an angle and location such that a straight line can be drawn from the tip of the anchor through the anchor head and to the connection point on the I-beam (Figure 73). Main Beam Sidewall Frame Tie -Down Strap Ground Anchorwith Stabilizer Plate Stabilizer Plate Configuration , Stabilizer plate configurations (Figure 73) are suitable for homes in all wind zones. An- chors may be installed after the home is set. A stabilizer device, typically an ABS or metal plate, is used to prevent the top of the anchor from slicing through the soil when the load is applied. Stabilizer plates are available in a variety of widths. Choose the wid- est plate that can be driven into the soil to maximize resistance to movement. The LAHJ Grading area around anchors. Anchor heads should not rest in sunken spots. Grade the ground so that water does not collect around anchor heads, but runs away from the anchor and out from under the home. Do not bury anchor heads. Figure 72. In -line anchor configuration Figure 73. Stabilizer plate configuration Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9: 72 may have stabilizer plate requirements. Install anchors with stabilizer plates as follows: Locate anchor. Select a location for the anchor under the home but within six inches of the exterior wall (Figure 74). Aviod locations that will interfere with skirting. 15 Stabilizer plate 2. Install anchor. To assure that the anchor attachment point will end up at the, stabilizer plate, start the anchor insertion approximately 12 inches back from from the desired location if using a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 inches if using a 60 inch long anchor. Install the anchor at about 15 degrees off vertical, with the head tilted away from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of approximately one half its length. 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step 1. 4. Complete anchor installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect straps from the home to sidewall frame, end wall frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp corners including around 1-beams with radius clips or other methods (Figure 75). Radius clips may be fabricated from 26ga (min) by 1 '/-inch wide galvanized steel strap formed to fit around corners. Longitudal Bracket Protect Top and Bottom of Beam ff 1-Beam CV ) Strap is Wrapped 0 Around Beam 4#05 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 74. Determining an- chor and stabilizer plate lo- cation Soil depression. Do not locate anchor heads in soil depressions where water may pool. Figure 75. Radius clips Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 73 SPLICING STRAPS Splicing may be required when a pre-cut strap is of insufficient length. Splices in tie -down straps are not permitted in a `Y' configuration. Overlap straps by 12 inches, applying one splice clip from above and the other from below; use a crimping tool to tightly seal the splice clips (Figure 76). Do not run any portion of the splice through an anchor head bolt. Apply Splice Clips In Direction of Arrows Strap E T V7'Y' Splice Approx.12" NotN OPermitted SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Install straps to sidewall frame anchors as follows: 1. Connect strap to home. Connect one end of the strap to the home connection point using approved buckles or clips (swivel or hook clip preferred). 0Wrap strap aroundmain beam OConnect hook totopof main beam and connect other end ofstrapto anchor head. 2. Connect strap to anchor. Connect the other end of the strap to the split bolt in the anchor. Leave enough strap length to be able to make at least three, but no more than five complete turns around the bolt before it becomes tight (approxi- mately 2 1/2 inches per turn or 7 1/2 to 13 inches total). Fewer than three turns and the strap may not hold onto the bolt when force is applied. Conversely, more than five turns may not fit within the U-channel of the anchor head. Follow the procedure outlined in Figure 78. PFS#°5 Conforms to 1%W000 HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 76. Tie -down strap splice Figure 77. Strap to beam connection i Z, Strap to beam connection. Regardless of the strap supplier's recommenda- tions, the strap must be connected to the top of the main beam to prevent damage to the structure. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 74 AW / V Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 OInsert the tension bolt into the O Place the strap through the slotted O Using a 15/16" socket or open end anchor head and loosely attach shank of the tension bolt and bend wrench, rotate clockwise, wrapping the hex nut up to 90". the strap around the tension bolt. ix OOnce tensioned to the point that counterclockwise resistance appears, use a 5r6" open end wrench to hold thesquareneck while repositioning thel5l16" tensioning wrench to continue tensioning. Repeat as required. OOnce fully tensioned, align the square neck of the boltwlth the square recess in the anchorhead and tighten the hex nut. This will draw the two togetherand lock the system into final position. If approved by the manufacturer, double head anchors maybe used for both diagonal and vertical tie -down strap tensioning. Tension the diagonal tie -down strap first Follow Steps 3 through 7 to install straps to anchorhead. 3. Pretension anchor. For anchors with stabilizer plates, pretension the anchor by pulling it up to the stabilizer plate using the strap and take-up bolt to move the anchor head. Continue pulling the strap until the plate moves a small amount (about 1/2 inch). This is called packing the plate and it will yield the strongest resistance (the bottom of the anchor head should be maximum 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate). END WALL FRAME ANCHORS Attach straps to the bracket welded by the manufacturer to the frame (Figure 79). If no brackets have been installed, use approved beam clamps designed specifically for this purpose, available from anchor suppliers. Connect straps to anchors following same pro- cedure as for sidewall frame anchors. Main Beam Pier End Wall Tie- 30 - 45 Down Strap degrees\ Anchor with Stabilizer Plate Figure 78. Procedure for connecting the strap to frame and anchor i /, Anchor head location. As the anchor is pulled up to meet the stabilizer plate, the head of the anchor will rise. In its final position, the bottom of the anchor head should be no more than 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate. Figure 79. End wall frame anchor attachment method 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 75 MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS If vertical straps have been attached to the home by the manufacturer, connect the other end of the straps to the anchor heads. Factory installed marriage line uplift straps must be attached to anchoring equipment. The types of straps used are shown below. (Figure 80) Type 1 is a strap used at Wind Zone I only. Some Wind Zone I units do not require marriage line vertical uplift tie -downs. These units will not have any of the straps shown below factory installed and will have double marriage line walls. Type 2 and 3 are used at Wind Zone II or III only. All Wind Zone II or III multi wide units require marriage line vertical tie -downs. Uplift connector capacity Type 3 is 3114 lbs. each to be resisted by anchoring equipment. Factory installed standard Uplift connector capacity Is IT 8 1 T B 2 hurricane strap. Capacity 12421bs. each to be resisted by is 3150 tbs. anchoring equipment. \ 1/4' cable thimble Inserted In connector hole. 7/32' /4' l or 1 _ galvanized steel Slot In strap Is for 'Standard hurricane Is to be connected cable. Tension ahachmentofstandard directly per manufacturer hundcance strap. approved groedgr und Instructions. anchor. STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS After all anchors have been installed and pre -tensioned, recheck all anchor straps to as- sure that they are tight and that the anchor shafts have remained in contact with the sta- bilizer plates. Do not over -tension straps. Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 80. Marriage line ver- tical tie -downs Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 76 Connect Utilities 7- 9 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 12/16/09 This chapter contains procedures and requirements for the connection and testing of utility hook-ups. Responsibility for making utility connections varies by location. Consult the LAHJ and the utility before connecting the home to any utilities. STEP 1,. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE (p. 77) V. STEP2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE (p. 80) STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE (p. 83) STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE (p. 84) STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE The home is designed for connection to an electrical wiring system rated at 120/240 volt AC. All electrical field work must be done by a licensed electrician or other person ap- proved by the LAHJ. 50 AMP POWER SUPPLY CORD The power supply to a Skylne Corporation manufactured home may be by a listed 50 AMP power supply cord. The power cord shall be permanently attaced to the distribution panel board or to a junction box. The listed 50 AMP power supply cord shall bear the fol- lowing marking: FOR USE WITH MOBILE HOMES — 50 AMPERES. FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES The current rating (in amperes) of the home can be found on the tag located on the out- side next to the feeder or service entrance, and on the electrical distribution panel. Using this information, determine the required feeder wire size from Table 25. These sizes are based on an ambient temperature of 86 degrees Fahrenheit and do not take voltage drop into consideration. Acceptable conductor types are: RHH, RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW2, THWN, THWN-2, XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, and USE-2. TABLE 25. ELECTRICAL FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES FOR COPPER CONDUCTORS Breaker Size in Junction Panel box size 50 , . - &6 Minimum Size Raceway Conduit DiameterBox 1 ConductorsMain Red & White Green Bare Black #6,AWG al 46 AWG #10 AWG (L #8 100 8x8x4 1-1/4 #3 AWG #3 AWG #8 AWG #8 125 10x1 Qx4 1-1/2 #2 AWG #2a W .jj #6 AWG r 4#b 150 10x10x4 1-1/2 1/0 AWG #2 AWG #6 AWG #6 200. ' 12x12x4� 2 _ 3/0 AWG 1/Q AWG #6 AWG Gy #4 225 15x12x4 2-1/2 3/0'AWG 1/0 AWG #4 AWG #4 V'A ! & ZZ Special precautions when installing electrical ser- vice. Installation of the electric power to the home can cause exposure to live electrical circuits. Exposure to live electrical circuits or improper grounding of the conductor in the panel board may result in severe shock or possible electro- cution. A qualified installer must make the connec- tions for the electric power. 12/8/20092:42:53'PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 77 is to 1115109 FEEDER CONNECTIONS Feeder connections are made from above or from below the home as follows: i // From above — mast weatherhead feeder The routing, connection, and support of the service drop must meet local codes. Homes Power supply. A large enough power supply must equipped this way contain all necessary conduits to the electrical distribution panel. be available at the site. An However, the feeder conductors (not provided with the home) are installed on site. If the inadequate power supply masthead is located above the roof overhang, allow a minimum clearance of eight feet result in improper op- above all roof points that the conductors pass over. There are two exceptions to this rule: erationmay of and possible (1) The vertical clearance may be reduced to three feet if the roof has a minimum slope damage to motors and ap- damage of 4 in 12; and (2) The vertical clearance may be reduced to 18 inches if no more than It may also in - four feet of service -drop conductors pass above the roof overhang, and if they terminate aces. crease electricity costs. crease at a through -the -roof raceway or approved support. A minimum clearance must also be provided from the final grade to the service -drop conductors. This measurement may vary from 10 feet to 18 feet, depending on the types of traffic anticipated below the ser- vice drop (refer to the NEC). Unless impractical, locate service heads above the point of attachment of the service -drop conductors and make them rain -tight. If individual conduc- tors do not extend downward, form drip loops. From below — underside junction box feeder A section of conduit is factory installed through the floor cavity. Connect to that conduit with approved fittings and conduit (not provided with the home) to the point where the service entrance cable enters the crawl space. Install properly -sized service entrance conductors from the main power supply to the panel board. Depending on the location of the main panelboard inside the home, or the point at which the service entrance conduc- tors enter the crawl space, a separate service disconnect may be required. Refer to Table 25 for the conductor and junction box requirements. The installer must provide the supply connection including the feeder conductors, junction box, and conduit connectors. Protect conductors emerging from the ground from a minimum of 18 inches below grade to eight feet above grade, or to the point of entrance to the home. The distance meas- ured from the top surface of a buried cable, conduit, or raceway to the finished grade must meet the minimum burial requirements outlined in the NEC. Use a moisture -proof bushing at the end of the conduit from which the buried cable emerges. GROUNDING /Z The home must be properly grounded to protect the occupants. The only safe and ap- � proved method of grounding the home is through an electrically -isolated grounding bar in the manufactured home distribution panel board. This grounds all non -current -carrying Grounding the electrical metal parts to the electrical system in the home at a single point. system. Do not provide Each neutral conductor must be connected to the system grounding conductor on the the electrical power until the supply side of the main disconnect in accordance with Articles 250.24, 250.26, and grounding electrode is in- 250.28 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005. stalled and connected. Where the meter base has a disconnect (typically when the meter is more than 6 feet When the meter base is not on the house never use from the service electric panel, although this may vary by LAHJ) the ground and neutral the neutral conductor of should be bonded at that disconnect and then grounded to the driven earth ground. Four the feeder cable as a wires will leave the service electric panel to the disconnect. Three wires will enter the ground wire. disconnect from the meter base (refer to Figure 81). Where there is no disconnect on the meter base or between the meter base and service electric panel (typically when the meter is within 6 feet from the service electric panel, al- though this may vary by LAHJ), the main circuit breaker in the service electric panel be- comes the first disconnect. In this case, the neutral and ground are bonded in the service electric panel and connected to the driven earth ground from the service electric panel. Three wires lead between the meter base and the service electric panel (refer to Figure 82). Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 78 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Service Entry (May Be Above Or Below Ground) —Main Panel Enclosure f2" Conduit To B Neutral Service Head Equipment Bus Bar Ground Bus Bar Meter By Utility Meterbase Company Ground From Meter Enclosure Disconnect Bonding Strap 2" Conduit Not Installed Disconnect (Fused) Grounding Lug - f2" Conduit To Chassis To Grounding Rod To Main J, Panel Metallic Conduit OrFitlingsTo Be Effectively Grounded To It Equipment Ground Black - "H OT' To A Or B Red - "HOT" To A Or B White To Neutral Bus Bar Ground To Equipment Ground Math Panel Se lo. Entry Enclosure (Above Or Below Gmund) 2°Conduit To 9 l Neutral Service Head Equipment Bus Bar Ground Bus Bar Meter By Ubay Company ter Endomm Bonding Strap talled By Z" Conduit nufacturer Grounding Lug Conduit L To Chassis To Gmunding Rod To Ma^ —Panel Metallic Conduit Or Fltdngs To Be Effectively Grounded To Equipmentk-°HOT To AOrB Ground Red -'HOT To A Or 8 White To Neutral Bus Bar In all cases, a grounding electrode conductor and .a ground wire must be installed ac- cording to the following specifications: 1. Grounding wire to be per Table 25 provided by the manufacturer. If manufac- turer provides a minimum 1/2'inch EMT or conduit raceway, the #6 minimum bare copper wire is provided by the retailer for installation. 2. The clamp connecting the grounding wire to the electrode shall be suitable for direct burial and located flush,or below ground level. 3. Use a listed 5/8 inch diameter, by eight foot long iron electrode or nonferrous rod of at least 1/2 inch diameter by eight feet long for grounding (larger sizes may be required by the LAHJ due to soil impedence). 4. Drive the electrode to a depth of not less than eight feet so that at least eight feet of the electrode is in contact with the soil. 5. When rock is encountered, the electrode may be driven at an angle not to ex- ceed 45 degrees from vertical or buried in a trench that is at least 2-1/2 feet deep. FIELD INSTALLED METER BASE When a meter base is installed in the field, Figure 83 and the following requirements must be adhered to: • Install the meter base according to the manufacturer's instructions. • Use straps to support any conduit. Do not use the meter base equipment for support. • Use exterior equipment and enclosures listed as weatherproof and entrance 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 Figure 81. Electrical feeder connection when meter has a disconnect installed (typi- cally more than 6 feet from service electric panel). Figure 82. Meter base wir- ing when there is no sepa- rate disconnect installed (typically within 6 feet of ser- vice electric panel). 79 conductors listed for wet locations. • The grounding bar may be installed separate from the neutral bar for purposes of testing the electrical system. • The grounding bar may be isolated during the electrical check and re -attached, after the tests are completed. • Check with the local electrical utility to verify meter base requirements and loca- tions and distances for the main panel and meter box. • The field installed meter base enclosure must be installed in accordance with its listing. Fasten securely to exterior wall studs and provide for a weather -tight seal. • Check the local code for any requirements regarding the location of the meter base. Meter or Wall Enclosure it Space ren Meter Sure And or Wall STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE CONNECTION To connect the home's water system to the water source, identify the water inlet located under the home (usually below the water heater compartment or utility room) and follow the procedure described below (refer to Figure 84): 1. Flush pipe. Flush field -installed water piping free of all debris prior to connec- tion to the home's water inlet. 2. Clean threads. Ensure that pipe threads are clean. 3. Install pressure -reducing valve. If the local water supply exceeds 80 psi in- stall a pressure -reducing valve. 4. Connect valve. Install a main shut-off valve between the water supply and the inlet on the home. Locate the riser for the shutoff valve underneath or adjacent to the home. Select a full flow gate or ball shutoff valve, or equivalent valve. To prevent the possibility of fresh water contamination install an anti -siphon valve on all field installed exterior faucets. i onformsto JD M1iCS'� 1115/09 Figure 83. Meferbase clearances. 0 Selecting heat tape. Use only pipe -heating cable (tape) listed for manufac- tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- ble (tape) manufacturer in- stallation instructions. Maximum water pressure. The water system for the home was designed for a maximum inlet pressure of 80 psi. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 80 Factory -Installed Water Pipe Optional Hose Bb_ (Not Supplied) Connect To T Here For Water System Test Locate Water Riser Underneath or — Adjacent to Home Service Connection (Not Suppled) Mandatory Shut -Off Valve (Not Supplied) HUD MHCSS 1/15109 5. Install water heater discharge drain. Inspect the drain opening on the water heater to ensure that it is clear of any obstruction. If the home is to be installed on a basement or enclosed crawlspace, install drain pipe connecting the dis- charge from the water heater temperature and pressure relief valve to the out- side or to a sump. 6. Install water heater drip pan drain.. Assure that the drain for the water heater drip pan does not terminate under the home. Using the materials provided and the accompanying instructions run a drain line from the water heater drip pan through the floor to the exterior of the crawl space. Terminate the line between six and 24 inches above grade. (Figure 85). Make the termination point rodent proof. Install screen over end of pipe extension (not provided). Water Heater (factory installed) Floor CPVC or PVC pipe extension (field installed). See note 2. Support pipe extension every 4-0" Figure 84. Water system connection i&*// Turning on Water Service. Do NOT turn on the water service to the home until the drain lines have been com- pleted .and connected to the sewer system. Using check valves. Install a check valve on the water inlet to prevent water system drainage in the event of a loss of water pressure from the source. Such pressure loss could cause the water heater to drain, exposing the heating elements of electric water heaters causing them to fail. Figure 85. Water heater drip pan and drain Note 1. Water heater drip pan drain pipe has been fac- Waterheitory installed through the (f ryinstalletalled) bottom board. A 90 degree elbow has been factory in- stalled to accept the pipe ex- tension. Floor joist Note 2. Insert the CPVC or PVC drain pipe extension (factory provided — field in- ............................................ stalled) into the factory in- stalled 90 degree elbow. Be sure to provide'/" per foot \ CPVC orPVC water heater Bottom board of slope to provide positive dra drainage. drip pan over -flow drainage g pipe (factory installed). See note 1. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 81 is to it A 7. Insulate. In areas subject to freezing temperatures, protect with insulation or heat tape pipes, valves and pressure reducers that are exposed to the out- doors; and pipes in water heater compartments with non -insulated doors. Con- nect heat tape to the electrical outlet under the home near the water supply inlet. TESTING After testing the electrical system and connecting the water lines check the water system for leaks using one of the procedures described below. Before testing, close all water faucets, spigots, and toilet -tank float valves. Hydrostatic (preferred): 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot outlet and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the test from possible injury. 2. Fill water heater. Confirm that the water heater tank is full of water. 3. Pressurize system. Connect a hydrostatic pump, valve, and gauge to the loca- tion shown in Figure 84. Pressurize the system with water at 100 psi, and then isolate it from the pressure source. Bleed all air from the highest and farthest points in the system. 4. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 15 minutes. 5. Fix leaks. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate and correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections orjoints and installing new pipe or joints with couplings. 6. Repeat. Repeat the test until all leaks have been eliminated. Pneumatic: 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot outlet and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the test from possible injury. 2. Pressurize system. Connect an air pump and pressure gauge to the water inlet, pressurize the system to 100 psi and isolate the pressure source from the system. 3. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for least 15 minutes. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate any leaks by applying soapy water to the connections and looking for bubbles. 4. Fix leaks. Correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or joints and installing new pipe or joints with couplings. 5. Retest. Repeat the procedure until all leaks have been eliminated. 6. Restore connections. Reconnect the water heater and the water supply. FREEZE PROTECTION FOR UNOCCUPIED HOMES If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, protect water lines from freezing as fol- lows: 1. Disconnect supply. Turn off the water supply and disconnect the water supply inlet. 2. Drain water heater. Turn off the water heater; if necessary, attach a hose to the valve to direct water away from under the home, open the drain valve and drain the tank completely. 3. Drain faucets. Open all faucets throughout the home (including the laundry area if plumbed, and any exterior faucets) and let them drain completely. 4. Drain toilets. Flush toilets and drain water tanks completely. 5. Close faucets. Close all water faucets with the exception of one. 6. Connect compressor. Connect a maximum of 30 psi air supply to the water inlet connection using a low pressure compressor. 7. Open faucets. With the air supply on the system, open one faucet at a time Skyline Corporation 82 1/15/09 i // Selecting heat tape. Use only pipe -heating cable (tape) listed for manufac- tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- ble (tape) manufacturer in- stallation instructions. Testing water lines. Only use pneumatic (air) testing when hydrostatic testing is not practical. Air under pressure is explosive. Ex- ercise extreme caution and notify all site personnel of the test. Wear protective eyewear and take precau- tions to prevent impact damage to the system while the test is in pro- gress. Do not pneumati- cally test CPVC systems. Pneumatically test Flow Guard Gold systems only at low pressure levels (20 psi or less). Pressurizing water lines. When pressurizing the wa- ter system, connect the pump to a location above a closed shut-off valve so as not to introduce pressure into the municipal water supply. throughout the home. 8. Disconnect compressor. After the entire system has been drained of all water, disconnect the air supply and'close the water inlet valve. 9. Pour anti -freeze. Pour an antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P-_ traps. STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE CONNECTION If the home uses natural or liquid petroleum gas (LPG, also known as propane) for water or space heating, cooking or other appliances, follow the procedure described below: 1. Inspect vents. Assure that all exhaust vents on gas -fired equipment are se- curely connected and that roof jacks and stacks have not come loose during transit and they are properly installed. 2. Review appliance instructions. Review each appliance manufacturer's in- structions before the home is connected to the gas supply. Most gas appliances are typically configured to operate on natural gas. If the gas supply will be LPG, consult the appliance manufacturer's instructions to determine what changes need to be made. For homes (located above 3,000 feet, appliances may require a different orifice. 3. Remove cap. Remove the protective cap from home inlet pipe and install a full flow shut-off valve at the supply inlet (Figure 86). 4. Install regulator. The gas piping system is designed for a pressure that is at least seven inches of water column (4 oz., per sq in or 0.25 psi) but not more than 14 inches of water column (8 oz. per sq in or 0.5 psi). If gas from any sup- ply source exceeds, or could exceed this pressure, install a regulator if required by the LAHJ. 5. Connect supply. Using matching threaded fittings, connect the gas supply to the inlet side of the shut-off valve. 6. Close valves. Close all valves at appliances prior to opening the main supply valve. Full Flow Shutoff Valve Required (Supplied By Others) i T Source of Gas -Union (Supplied By Others) TESTING Test the gas piping system in the following two ways: 1) piping only and 2) entire system. Consult with the LAHJ for any additional testing or start-up requirements. Before testing is begun, the temperature of the ambient air and the piping should be ap- proximately the same. Conduct the tests when and where air temperatures will remain constant. Piping only test (all appliances isolated) 1. Isolate appliances. Isolate all appliances from the system by closing all appli- ance shut-off valves. 2. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a mercury manometer or slope PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Installing gas lines. Only qualified professionals may connect and test gas ser- vice. Figure 86. Gas service con- nection V&* ZZ Fill gas water heaters. Be- fore lighting the pilot on a gas powered water heater, fill the tank with water. Fail- ure to do so could damage the water heater. 09 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 83 Conforms to gauge calibrated in increments of not more than 1/10 lb. HUD MHCSS1/15/09 3. Pressurize system. Using an air compressor, pressurize the system with com- pressed air to three psi and isolate the pressure source from the system., 4. Monitor pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 10 minutes. 5. Check for leaks. If pressure drops below three psi, check for leaks by applying a non -corrosive, ammonia -free gas leak detection fluid to the joints at all valves, appliance connections, and crossover connections (do not use dish washing de- tergents, soap, or other household chemicals). If bubbles form, tighten the con- nection and recheck. 6. Repair leaks. If leaks persist, replace defective pipes or fittings with sound ma- terial and retest. 7. Release pressure. Release pressure and open all appliance shut-off valves. 8. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- move leak detection fluid. Entire system test (with appliances) 1. Close appliances. Close all gas equipment. controls and pilot light valves ac- cording to the individual gas equipment manufacturer's instructions. 2. Open valves. Assure that gas shut-off valves for all gas equipment are in the open position. 3. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a pressure gauge calibrated in ounces. 4. Pressurize system. Pressurize the system with compressed air to six to eight ounces (3/8 to 1/2 psi, or 10 to 14 inches of water column). 5. Check for leaks. Check for leaks as described above in step 4 of the Piping only test. Replace defective pipes or fittings with sound material and re -test. 6. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- move leak detection fluid. GAS APPLIANCE START-UP Open the shut-off valve for each appliance and adjust the burners according to the appli- ance manufacturer's instructions. Verify that the furnace and water heater thermostats are operating properly and set them to the desired temperatures. STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE Homes that are equipped with oil burning furnaces must have oil supply piping installed and tested on site by a qualified professional in accordance with NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 or the requirements of the LAHJ, which- Testing oil tanks. All oil ever is more stringent. The home manufacturer does not supply oil piping or tanks. storage tank and piping in - OIL CONNECTION stallations and tests must Consult the furnace manufacturer's instructions for proper pipe -sizing and installation meet all applicable local procedures. Where piping is run through the bottom of the home, ensure all holes in the regulations and should be bottom board are sealed tight with foam, mastic, and/or tape specially made for that pur- made only by experienced, pose and made rodent proof. qualified personnel. When equipping the home with an oil storage tank, comply with the following: • Install the pipe with a gradual slope toward the fill end or drain. plug (if so equipped) to facilitate pumping or draining of water and sludge. • Provide a readily accessible approved manual shut-off valve at the outlet, in- stalled to close against the supply. • Equip the tank with an approved oil filter or strainer located downstream from the tank shut-off valve. Use a filter or strainer containing a sump with a drain to trap water. • Equip under ground tanks with a filler neck extending one foot above grade and a minimum 1-1A inch diameter vent pipe extending at least two feet above grade. • Locate the tank to be accessible for service and inspection, and safe from fire and other hazards. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 84 • If the tank is located inside a compartment of the home, provide ventilation at the bottom of the compartment to permit diffusion of vapors. If the tank is fixed to the home, provide for filling and draining from the outside. • Insulate interior tanks from the structural members of the home. Provide tanks so installed with an outside fill and vent pipe and an approved liquid level gauge. • Install tanks that feed vaporizing type oil furnaces so that oil flows by gravity. To achieve efficient gravity flow, make sure that the bottom of the tank is at least 18 inches above the furnace oil control level. • Tanks for gun type oil furnaces (these furnaces include a fuel pump) may be in- stalled above or below ground. OIL SYSTEM TESTING Before operating the system, fill the tank to capacity with the fuel to be burned and visu- ally check all joints in the system for leakage. Replace (do not repair) parts that leak. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 85 Prepare Appliances and Equipment This chapter provides instructions for installing and/or preparing appliances and other equipment. While the items below can be completed in any order, the last item, CONDUCT ELECTRICAL TEST, must be done last. INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (p:86) -PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM (p, 91), v INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT (p.87) INSTALL EVAPORATOR COOLER (p 88) PREPARE UENTILATIONrSTSTEM (p: 88) 'PREPARE FUEL BURNING WATER HEATER (p. 89) PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER (p. 89) SMOKE ALARMS (p. 90) ;PREPARE FIREPLACES AND WOOD STOVES (p. 90) PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES /-FIXTURESI (p;• 92) INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING (p. 93) #02 - V.INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING 93 (p• % - rnli�rn» �n litm �It1C SS 1/30/17 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (p. 95) INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (if applicable) CENTRAL UNITS F // Install split system or unitary central air conditioners and/or heat pumps as follows: 1. Check suitability. Check the home's Comfort Cooling Certificate (may be in- Use listed appliances. All cluded with the data plate) to confirm that the home is suitable for installation applicable appliances must of central air. If so, note the air distribution system's rated duct capacity be listed or certified by a (BTU/hr), any equipment sizing guidance provided by the manufacturer and nationally recognized test - information provided to calculate the home's heat gain. ing agency for the applica- 2. Select equipment. Select equipment with a rated heating capacity (BTU/hr) tion for which the unit is in - not exceeding the maximum indicated on the home's data plate and a rated tended and installed in ac- cooling capacity sized in accordance with Chapter 28 of the 1997 ASHRAE cordance with the terms of Handbook of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual J, Residential Cooling Load, 8th its listing or certification. edition. Information needed to calculate the home's heat gain can be found on Properly sizing equipment. the home's comfort cooling certificate. Choose equipment with a min. circuit Oversized cooling equip - amperage (found on the equip. rating plate) no greater than the branch circuit ment can lower energy effi- rating of the exterior air conditioning receptacle (indicated on the adjacent ciency, reduce comfort, tag), if present. shorten equipment life, and 3. Install A -coil. When installing a cooling A -coil in a down -flow furnace that in- may cause moisture prob- corporates a fresh air intake duct, position the duct in the furnace cavity ac- lems in the home (including cording to the furnace manufacturer's instructions (Figure 83). For electric potentially damaging the down -flow furnaces, trim the ventilation duct as needed to allow installation of home's structure). Sizing the A -coil and secure the duct to the wall of the compartment or to the top of guidance is provided by the the A -coil. Do not restrict the flex duct opening; allow the duct insulation to Manufactured Housing Re- 86 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11/29/201611:52:58 AM 4 ♦ T 'k contact the A -coil, or allow the duct to become kinked, restricted, or config- ured to form a trap. Trap "Whole "Whole House" House" Ventilation Ventilation Flex Dud i Flex Duct A -Coil A -Cod Furnace Furnace Cabinet ,Furnace Cabinet Furnace PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM If the home does not contain a factory installed heating appliance, install a remote heating appliance according to INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, p. 91. Prepare fuel -burning heating systems included with the home as follows: 1. Inspect for damage. Inspect ithe furnace and report any damage to the home manufacturer. 2. High altitude. If the home is located more than 2,000 feet above sea level or as indicated in the furnace manufacturer's instructions, derate gas furnaces 4% for each 1,000 feet abov6 sea level. This work must be done by a qualified (and in some jurisdictions, licensed) technician. 3. Convert for LPG gas. If LPG gas (propane) will be, used, convert the appli- ance from natural gas to LPG, gas use. Conversion must be made by a quali- fied and (if required by the LAHJ) licensed technician. 4. Install intake air pipe. Consult the appliance manufacturer's instructions for maximum allowable pipe run length, requirements for air dampers, locations relative to expected snow levels (check with the LAHJ for expected snow lev- els), acceptable materials, pipe supports, and pipe termination requirements. 5. Install flue. For combustion appliances, install the flue roof cap and stack as- sembly as described in PREPARE FIREPLACES, Chimneys (p. 94). INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT Install remote units in compliance with iall heating and cooling equipment requirements in this chapter above and the following; 1. Locate connections to the home. Find the manufacturer -installed connect- ors, labels, or tags under the home indicating the required connection points for supply and return air. If connectors are not provided nor location indicated, select a supply duct location such that there are approximately equal number's of supply registers forward and rear of the connection point. Locate the return duct in the center of the home. 2. Install ducts. Install the appropriate supply and return ducts (not provided) between the remote unit and the home (Figure 85), making connections ac- cording to'the instructions for�crossover ducts in Crossover Connections (p. 56). 3. Install dampers. If installing a remote cooling unit in a home with a factory in - search Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guide- lines available at www.mhrahome.org. Figure 83. Whole house ventilation flex duct in an' electric down -flow furnace. From left to right: as pre- pared in the factory, • proper installation with A -coil; im- proper installation with A -coil Selecting A -coils. Use only A -coil units compatible and listed for use with the fur- nace in the home and in- stalled in accordance with the furnace manufacturer's instructions. Installing flue stacks with a hinged roof. If flue stack components are installed above the finish roof line (as is often the case with hinged roofs), an Alterna- tive Construction letter is normally required along with a follow-up inspection. Contact the factory for guidance. Venting appliances to the outside. Vent to the exteri- or of the home all combus- tion appliances except ranges and ovens. Selecting ducts. Exterior ductwork for remote units must be provided by the in- staller or HVAC contractor. Ducts must be approved for exterior installation and should be wrapped with in- sulation of at least R-8 un- der a vapor barrier with a perm raing of not greater than one. #02 4iIWOFIS.0 (a Conforms to 11UD NIHCSS 1/30/17 11/29/201611:52:58 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 87 1. Y 0F stalled furnace, install dampers between the furnace and the home's air duct system, and between the remote unit and the home's air duct system to pre- vent warm air in heating mode from escaping to the remote cooling unit and vice versa. Home 4. Connect wiring. Install a thermostat containing a fan switch. Connect utilities in accordance with all manufacturer's instructions and local codes. 5. Seal penetrations. Repair or replace all floor insulation disturbed during the duct installation and seal holes in the bottom board using foam, mastic, or tape specially made for that purpose. Air Conditioning or Heating Equipment supply Duct Marriage Supply Return Line Duct Duct Wil Support Straps at 48" in. O.C. Minimum upport Block Minimum Clearance Between Ducts and Ground tobe4in. INSTALL EVAPORTOR COOLER (if applicable) If the home has been factory prepared for the installation of an evaporator cooler, then install a listed evaporator cooler in accordance with the appliance instructions and list- ing. Contact the Skyline division that built your home for more information. PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM Prepare the whole -house ventilation system according to the ventilation system manu- facturer's instructions. Confirm that any fresh air intake ducts extend to the exterior and do not draw air from the crawlspace under the home. Do not allow any fresh air ventila- tion intake ducts to become kinked or restricted, forming a trap (Figure 85). Skyline corporation Figure 84. Remote unit damper locations Figure 85. Ducts connecting exterior heating and/or cool- ing equipment to the home #02 0001" Conforms to HUD �IHCSS 1/30/17 i /, Choosing pipe lengths. The appliance manufactur- er may designate the length of the pipe run based on the pipe diameter and the number of turns in the pipe run. 11 /29/201611:52:58 AM PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER The water heater discharge and drip pan drains should have been installed in Connect Utilities (p. 81), In homes with direct -vent water heaters (that utilize gas, oil, or other combustion fuel), and where the water heater is not independently vented to the exterior through a grilled opening, provide combustion air from under the floor using pipe and cement acceptable to the appliance manufacturer or through the roof via a double -walled flue pipe. If pro- vided through the floor, run the air piping to the exterior of the home, with supports spaced every 3-1/2 feet o.c. or less. Terminate the pipe facing downward a minimum of 12 inches above the ground surface and provide a screen on the pipe vent cap. PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER DRYER VENTS If the home includes a clothes dryer, the components for ventilating the dryer are in- cluded with the home (but not necessarily installed) and a vent opening has been roughed in either in the wall or floor. (If a dryer is not installed, seal all dryer vent open- ings). Run the dryer vent to the outside through the exterior wall or through the floor to a point beyond the perimeter of the home, using materials approved by the clothes dryer man- ufacturer (see Figure 86). Vent Below Floor Install the vent as follows: Vent Through Exterior Wall 'Nth Clampto rt Vent Cap _\� Rigid or Flex Duct Dryer ion Dry, Cap Venting exhaust systems. Exhaust vents must extend to the home's exterior through skirting. Termina- tion of the dryer exhaust underneath the home can cause condensation and moisture damage to the home. Lint and dust accu- mulation can ignite, causing a fire. The exhaust system must not contain reverse slope. Figure 86. Clothes dryer venti- lation ductwork through floor (left) or exterior wall (right) Itom Clamp to Dryer #02 Nth Connection act Strap Conforms to HUD INIHCSS r 1/30/17 ame Secured to of R i m Play or Install Through Skirting 1. Remove temporary caps. Remove any temporary seals and duct caps, from the vent rough openings. 2. Install ductwork. Install ductwork using clamps (do not use screws or other fasteners that penetrate into the duct) and support the duct with metal straps connected to the floor joists or chassis at two feet o.c. or less. Ensure duct connections are internally overlapped to prevent inhibiting the flow of air and thereby causing lint accumulation. 3. Install cap and damper. Install an approved dryer vent cap with damper on the exterior termination of the duct. If the vent terminates at skirting, secure the cap to framing or skirting with sheet metal screws and seal edges with caulk or sealant. If the vent terminates through a wall, apply a bead of sealant to the back of the cap around the opening and secure with sheet metal screws to metal, hardboard or fiber cement siding or with wood screws to a mount block for vinyl siding. 4. Seal opening. Seal openings inside and outside of the home including at the floor, interior walls, siding and skirting (with caulk), and at the bottom board using foam, mastic and/or tape specially made for that purpose. V&*1rZZJ Avoid damaging structural elements. Do not cut or otherwise damage structur- al elements such as floor joists or wall studs for the installation of the dryer ex- haust system. Gas. Ventilation components that may be included with the home for an electric dryer may not be accepta- ble for gas dryers. Consult the gas dryer manufacturer instructions. 0 GAS DRYERS If the home was not fitted for a gas dryer, installing one requires substantial alteration to the home. Gas supply piping and adequate venting must be provided as specified by the dryer manufacturer and installed by a trained professional. Do not cut major struc- tural elements to accommodate a gas dryer. PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS The home has several factory installed smoke alarms that are wired to a 120-volt cir- cuit. If the home was designed for placement on a basement, an additional alarm is provided for installation at a pre -wired location under the home. Connect the basement smoke alarm and test all alarms as follows: 1. Check circuit. Ensure that electrical power to the home is activated and that the smoke alarm circuit is on. 2. Remove batteries. Make sure backup batteries (if any) are removed from all smoke alarms. 3. Test alarms. Press the test button on each alarm sequentially. All alarms should sound simultaneously when the test button on any one smoke alarm is pressed. Replace (with the same brand as those installed elsewhere in the home) any alarms that do not sound and retest. 4. Replace batteries. After successful test, replace the backup batteries, dis- carding the protective tabs. PREPARE FIREPLACES AND WOOD STOVES Install chimneys, chimney flashing and roofing, fireplace combustion air inlets, and hearths according to the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described be- low. Fireplaces, wood stoves and their compopnents are to be installed per their manu- facturer instructions and in accordance with their listings. CHIMNEYS Fireplace and wood stoves may require on -site installation of additional sections of ap- proved chimney pipe, a spark arrestor, and a rain cap assembly. Follow the manufac- turer's instructions and the procedures described below: 1. Remove coverings. Remove protective materials covering the roof flashing and any foreign material from the installed part of the chimney. 2. Install chimney pipe. Assemble and seal the chimney per the fireplace or wood stove manufacturer's installation instructions and if there is a conflict be- tween the instructions and the figure, follow the instructions. To assure suffi- cient draft for proper operation, extend the chimney at least three feet above the highest point where it penetrates the roof and at least two feet higher than any surface within 10 feet of the chimney (Figure 88). Use additional sec- tion(s) of chimney pipe (not provided) if required by local code or if the site has obstructions within 10 feet of the chimney. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 90 Installing ducts. Keep ductwork straight and smooth as possible without excess slack. Slope it slightly downward towards the exterior to facilitate moisture drainage. 11 /29/201612:23:00 Roof Top Assen* Less'Man10' 2' 3' JD MMHCSS 1115/09 Figure 91. Chimney and combustion air intake duct installation Selecting the appropriate flue. Wood fireplaces use larger diameter flues than gas fireplaces. Make sure flue matches the appliance type. Gas fireplaces cannot burn wood because the flue is too small and smoke will back up into the home. If wood fireplaces are con- verted to gas the flue will be too large resulting in ex- cessive heat loss through the chimney. 3. Install shingles. Install shingles up to the edge of the flue cut-out in the roof deck. Secure shingles installed under the roof flashing with asphalt cement. 4. Install flashing. Place flashing over pipe section and shingles and set in as- phalt cement. Secure flashing to roof deck at top two corners with roofing nails. 5. Complete shingles. Cut shingles in successive courses to fit around the pipe and embed them in asphalt cement where they overlap the flashing. Secure shingles with roofing nails through flashing and apply asphalt cement over nail heads. The completed installation should appear as shown in Figure 93, with the lower part of the flange overlapping the lower shingles and the side and upper shingles overlapping the flange. Figure 92. Chimney clear- ance 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 91 to l ► 1/15/09 Figure 93. Roof flashing and Push Down Upper and Side shingle installation around Roof Shingles Shingles Overlap Caulking Flange and Are Set In chimney Roof Shingles Cement Flange Storm Cellar Flue Pipe z Trim With Sheet Metal L Lower Part of Flange Sheers If Difficult To Make ' Overlaps Lower Shingle Flashing Lay Flat On Roof COMBUSTION AIR INLETS Combustion air inlets provide combustion air through the floor or an exterior wall to a i // combustion appliance. If through an exterior wall, site installation is not required. If • through the floor, extend the duct from its point just below the floor to the outside (addi- Installing combustion air tional duct material required for this may or may not be provided with the home). Lo- inlets. Do not install the cate the inlet damper above expected snow levels (contact the LAW for snow levels). combustion air inlet such Follow the fireplace manufacturer's instructions (typically in the fireplace/stove or with that material from the the chimney parts). hearth can drop beneath the home. HEARTHS If shipped loose, install the fireplace hearth according to the fireplace manufacturer's instructions. PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES Install kitchen and bath appliances according to the manufacturer's instructions and the described for below. / // procedures each appliance COOKING APPLIANCES Installing exhaust ducts. If the home is provided with a range, cook top and/or grill containing its own exhaust Route exhaust ducts so system that penetrates the floor, complete the exhaust system as follows: they do not terminate be- t. Remove covers. Remove the cover on the factory -installed exhaust pipe pro- neath the home. truding from beneath the floor near the appliance. 2. Install termination fitting. Secure the provided termination fitting at the outside edge of the floor. 3. Install duct. Use the provided flexible metallic duct to connect the elbow pro- truding from the floor and the termination fitting. Refer to the manufacturer's installation instructions for guidance on supporting the duct and making the connections. SITE -INSTALLED GAS APPLIANCES Install only appliances with a Btu capacity equivalent to or less than the capacity of the factory -installed piping and at the location of a factory -installed gas riser. REFRIGERATOR Prepare the refrigerator as follows: • Remove straps, blocks, or other securement devices used for shipping and patch any resulting marks on floors or walls. • If the refrigerator has an icemaker, check water lines for leaks upon installa- tion and a few days later to make sure no leaks have developed. SITE -INSTALLED APPLIANCES AND FIXTURES If sinks, tubs, showers or other fixtures or appliances are to be site -installed, follow the manufacturer's installation instructions. Use only products listed for use in manufac- tured homes and follow all applicable local codes. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 92 aim 1115109 INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING Install exterior lighting according to Figure 94 and the following: 1. Remove cover. Remove the screws and cover from electrical junction box. 2. Install flash ring. Place the non-combustible flash ring over the junction box. 3. Connect wires. Connect fixture wires to house wires in the box, black to black, white to white, and equipment ground to equipment ground, using listed wire connectors. Push wires into the box. 4. Connect fixtures. Connect the fixture to the junction box or strap using screws provided with the light fixture. 5. Weatherproof. Weatherproof/caulk around the base of the fixture, leaving a small gap in the caulking on the bottom to permit drainage of water that may accumulate. 6. Complete installation. Install bulb and globe on the fixture and verify proper operation. Wire From 9. lri Non•C ombuslibbRirg Wire From Wire (If Requhd) Wire Nut Swith (Typm (TYPmD Fixture Caxgy A hi rou = la I hlb la ro 63 11 Globe Pigtail for Ground Conindy Junclion Bar Wire to Other FoLa INSTALL CEILING FANS/LIGHTS Install ceiling fans with the trailing edges of the blades at least six feet -four inches above the finished floor. Comply with all unit manufacturers' instructions and the re- quirements below. Electrical boxes for use with ceiling fans have a maximum allowed weight (usually 35 — 50 Ibs). This is stamped inside the box. Check the maximum weight of the fan versus the allowable weight for the electrical box before installing the fan. CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED TO FACTORY -INSTALLED ELECTRICAL BOX IN CEILING Before installing the unit, make sure that adequate structural bracing is present in the ceiling. If uncertain, check with the manufacturer. Follow the fan or light manufacturer's instructions to connect the unit and complete the wiring. If the instructions are not available, connect the wiring as shown in Figure 95. orpo (4-48 PG..1) ? I�z Lighting installation. A qualified electrician should install lighting. Before con- necting lighting, disconnect power to the lighting circuit. Ground all exterior light fix- tures. Using a non-combustible ring. Install a non- combustible ring completely covering any combustible surfaces the fixture may be mounted on (e.g. hard- board, clad wood and vinyl siding), or when ceiling ma- terial is exposed between the light fixture canopy and the junction box. Figure 94. Exterior lighting connection / A Installing ceiling fans. A qualified electrician should install lighting and fans. Be- fore connecting the ceiling fan or light, disconnect power to the fan wires. Any unit installed outside of the home (such as in a porch ceiling) shall be listed for wet locations. 93 ■ I A 7 Ground Wire Color Cc Wires Wire Nut Ceiling 9 Mounting umueo or Noncombustible Ring (If Required) HUD NIHCSS 1/15/09 CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED ON SITE -INSTALLED DECORATIVE BEAM Where the electrical box will be mounted in a site -installed decorative center beam at- tached to the ridge beam, connect the fixture as follows (see Figure 96): 1. Cut hole. If the decorative beam (shipped loose) does not contain a precut hole for the electrical box, cut a hole with a diameter approximately 1/4 inch larger than the box's using a hole saw. Align the hole with the supply wire lo- cation and center on the beam. 2. Install box. Install the box in the hole and secure the flange (plastic boxes only) to the decorative beam with four #6 x 1" screws. 3. Insert wire. Insert the ceiling wire through a knock -out hole in the side of the electrical box. It may be necessary to cut a notch in the top of the decorative beam (on the supply wire side of the center beam hole) allowing the supply wire to be inserted into the electrical box without binding against the beam during installation. Leave approximately four inches of wire free in the box. 4. Attach beam. Secure the decorative beam in place over the center line joint, checking that the supply wire is not pinched or penetrated by beam fasteners. Secure the electrical box to the ridge beam with #8 x 2 1/2" wood screws through the two holes in the top of the box. 5. Strip wires. Strip about 3/4 inch of insulation from the white and black con- ductor ends of the supply wire. 6. Position ring. Position the non-combustible flash ring (provided) over the electrical box so that the finished surface (adjacent to electrical box) which is to be covered by the fan canopy is not exposed. 7. Install and wire unit. Follow the unit manufacturers installation instructions for mounting the fan/light assembly to the box and for electrical wiring. Use provided electrical connectors for splicing wire. Ceiling Supply Wire Coiled And Secured for Shipment Notch Beam at Holeif Necessary forwire Chase Secure Box to 2x6 Center Beam (field -installed) Ridge Beam 2x6 Center Beam - Shipped Loose for Field Installation Hole for Box Cut Through 2x6 (May Be Cut in PlantorinField) Secure Box to Ridge Beam (field installed) Electrical Box Supply Wire Inserted in Field Through Side Knockout of Box Figure 95. Wiring for a ceil- ing fan or chain -hung light fixture. V&**WZZ,d Choosing ceiling fan junc- tion boxes. Connect ceil- ing fans only to junction boxes listed and marked for ceiling fan application in accordance with Article 314.27(b) of 2005 NEC. Always ground metal junc- tion boxes. Selecting fan weight. Do not use any ceiling fans or light fixtures that exceed the weight rating of the box (35 Ibs unless otherwise noted). Grounding electrical de- vices. Ground fans/lights using a fixture -grounding device or a fixture - grounding wire as specified in the manufacturer's in- structions. Figure 96. Ceiling fan/light mounted to flush ridge beam Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 94 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM After completion of all electrical wiring and connections, including crossovers, appli- ances, lights, and ceiling fans, inspect and test the electrical system as follows: 1. Fill water heater. Fill water heater before turning on power to the home or switching on the circuit breaker. 2. Test continuity. Before turning on .the electrical power to the home, conduct an electrical continuity test to ensure that exposed metallic parts of the home. and the chassis are effectively bonded. ' 3. Test operation. After turning'on the electrical power to the home, conduct operational tests of all devices (except water heaters, electric ranges, electric furnaces, dishwashers, clothes washers/dryers, and portable appliances) to demonstrate that they are connected and in working order. 4. Test polarity. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct elec- trical polarity checks to determine that connections of electrical equipment in- stalled or completed during installation have been made properly. Visual veri- fication is an acceptable electrical polarity check. 9:22 AM ine 4 PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Complete Exterior Work Conforms t0 -" HUD MHCSS 1115/09 This chapter covers sealing the bottom board, installing the ground cover and skirting, preparing wind protection shutters, and completing site -built structures. STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD (p. 96) , `STEP 2: INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE.RETARDER (p 96)•, STEP-3 INSTALL SKIRTING' (p. 97) .' STEP 4 ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS (p. 97) STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES (p. 97) STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD Tears and openings in the bottom board can result from transportation or installation activities. Inspect for holes and gaps the entire bottom board, especially areas around service penetrations, crossover connections, pipe and duct hangers, foundation ele- ments, and the perimeter of the floor. Using approved materials appropriate for the type of repair, repair the bottom board wherever torn or loosened as follows: 1. Insulate. Replace any missing insulation prior to closure and repair of the bot- tom board, paying particular attention to insulation gaps that may have been created at P-traps. 2. Repair large openings. Repair large openings with a durable patch made of bottom board fabric or other compatible material and fastened with vinyl bot- tom board tape held in place by fasteners installed with a divergent stapler. Seal the edges around patches with foam or mastic. For large openings, in- stall a rigid backer board behind the bottom board to provide a fastening sub- strate for the patch. 3. Repair small openings. Repair small gaps and tears with a combination of vinyl bottom board tape, patches, mastic, or foam sealant. STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER If the space under the home is to be enclosed with skirting or other materials, a ground moisture retarder of a minimum six mil thick polyethylene sheeting or equivalent must be installed covering the ground under the home. Moisture retarders are not required in and regions (less than 15 inches of rainfall annually) with dry soil conditions. If on - grade (surface) footings are used, install the ground moisture retarder prior to placing the footings, or install it around the footings after all other work under the home is com- plete. Install the ground moisture retarder as follows: 1. Apply sheeting. Unroll the ground moisture overlapping joints in the sheeting a minimum of 12 inches and covering the entire area under the home except for areas under recessed entries, decks, and porches. 2. Seal joints. Seal joints in the retarder with mastic. 3. Weigh down. To keep the retarder in place, weigh it down with stones, concrete blocks, or other heavy, durable materials. 4. Repair tears. Repair any voids or tears in the retarder by patching with like ma- terial, maintaining a minimum 12-inch overlap and sealing joints with mastic. i , �� Sealing bottom boards. A continuous and sealed bot- tom board is critical for home performance, energy efficiency, protection against moisture problems, prevention of pipe freezing, and protection against in- sects and rodents. Bottom board sealing methods. Tapes shall never be used alone to re- pair a bottom board. Diver- gent staples or mastic must be used in tandem with tape to prevent future tear off. Fastening vinyl siding. Do not install fasteners directly into vinyl siding. Allow for siding thermal expansion by pre -drilling minimum 1/2 inch diameter fastener holes or fastening skirting to a ledger under the home (see Best Practice tip). Avoiding radon. For enclosed perimeter wall crawlspace foundations in areas where radon is com- monly found in the soil, continue the moisture re- tarder up the perimeter wall Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 96 HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 3. INSTALL SKIRTING Skirting is any structural or non-structural perimeter crawlspace enclosure. Complete site -built structures (see STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES, p.98) that abut the home (such as porches, attached garages, and steps) prior to installing skirt- ing. TABLE 26. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS To design and install skirting, comply with the skirting manufacturer's instructions (if provided) and the following: 1. Configure skirting. Run the skirting along the perimeter of the home's heated, conditioned space. Do not enclose with skirting areas under recessed entries, porches, or decks (whether constructed as part of the home or added on site) unless skirting is of the fully vented type and installed so as to .allow water to freely flow out from under the home. 2. Fasten skirting. Recess the skirting under the siding or trim and attach it to the home in a manner that prevents water from being trapped between the siding or trim and the skirting. For wood, aluminum, or fiberglass skirting, in- stall a skirt rail (lumber strip) under the floor inset at least 1-1/2 inches from the edge of the siding for attachment of the skirting. Allow for frost heave when installing skirting in areas subject to frost. 3. Provide ventilation. Unless the skirting has integral ventilation openings that meet the following ventilation requirements, install equally sized ventilation openings on at least two opposite sides of the foundation. Size ventilation area to equal at least one square foot or each 150 square feet of under -floor area (or for each 1,500 square feet if a ground moisture retarder is installed according to STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER, p. 96). Place vents as high above the ground as practical. 4. Install access. Provide an access opening not less than 18 inches wide and 24 inches high and located so that any utility connections located under the home are accessible. 5. Extend vents, drains, and inlets. Run appliance exhaust vents, combustion air inlets, and air conditioner condensation drains through the skirting to the outside and terminate each as instructed in the sections of this manual corre- sponding to each appliance. STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUT- TERS If desired, prepare temporary protective window covers for use during severe wind storms and hurricanes according to Figure 97, Table 27, and the procedure below. 1. Assemble extension framing using with two 16d common nails at each con- nection. 2. Assemble shutter panels as shown in Figure 97. 3. Store the shutters such that they are protected from the weather, are not in di- rect contact with the ground, and are easily accessible by the homeowner. ine Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) at least 12 inches, sealing the edges and between the seams with mastic. Attaching vinyl siding. To install skirting on vinyl - sided homes, screw a treated 2 x 4 on edge to the underside of the floor joists two inches back from the edge of the home. Screw skirting tight to the 2 x 4. V&r*#ZrZA Avoid backfrlling against skirting. Do not backfill against non-structural skirt- ing. 97 Conforms to HUD MHCSE* W 5/09 *- To attach shutters to the home: 1. Fasten extension framing to wall framing materials with 16d double -headed nails or #8 x 3" screws, toe nailed/screwed, per Table 27. 2. Fasten assembled panel(s) to extension framing with 12d nails, per Table 27. After use, remove shutters from the home, patch nail holes with caulk and store them as above. Cut If Desired PProx. 1' Approx. 30 Degrees Extension Franug iA ar Stud Grade SPF 2x3 or2x4 Secure OSS or Pyvaod to Studding With 12d Nalls at 6' O.C. 2x4 #2 SPF Studding, Required When P lyvood or OSE Used Is Y' or Less In Thckness TABLE 27. SHUTTER CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS Figure 97. Wind protection shutter construction * 2 x 3 perimeter extension with 2 x 4 studding at 16 inches o.c. STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES Install site -built structures such as steps, landings, garages, awnings, carports, breezeways, porches, decks, railings, sheds, and utility rooms according to manufac- turer's instructions (if any), in compliance with all local regulations including fire separa- Designing site -built struc- tion and electrical requirements, and according to the following: tures. All site -built struc- • Construct site -built structures to be structurally independent unless provided tures must support their for in the design of the home (instructions will be provided by the manufac- own dead, live, and wind turer). loads and must not • Do not damage the integrity of the home's structural or weatherproofing sys- transmit any loads to the tem. Seal any weatherproofing connections between the site -built structure home's structure. All car - and the home and flash any roof connections. ports should be freestand- • Utilize only GFCI outlets for site -built structures. ing. • Install and test smoke alarms in any site -built structures according to local code. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 98 Prepare Home for Occupancy Follow these steps for final inspection -and completion of the home. STEP 1.VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION (p. 99) STEP 2. COMPLET&INSPECTION CHECKLIST (p. 99) V. STEP'3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR.CHECKLIST (p. 99) STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME (p. 99) STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) IN- SPECTION This is normally the responsibility of the retailer and the manufacturer, however, the in- stallation is not complete until the alternative construction inspection has been passed and documented. STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST After all previous steps have been accomplished, inspect the home to verify that it has been completely and properly installed using the checklist starting on p. 100. Correct any deficiencies found, if possible, or if not possible, inform the retailer or manufacturer immediately. STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST For ENERGY STAR qualified homes (check with the retailer or manufacturer), this step is to be completed by the manufacturer's designated representative. Ask the retailer or the manufacturer who this is. The manufacturer's representative must complete the Energy Star Site Installation Checklist, obtain signatures on the ENERGY STAR label, and return the completed ENERGY STAR Site Installation Checklist to the manufacturing plant. STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME Remove and properly dispose of all installation -generated dust, debris, and packaging materials from the home and the surrounding property. Ensure that the home is in "move -in" condition. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 Conforms to HUD MHCSS y X 1/15/09 Complete Installation Checklist Use this checklist to confirm that the listed aspects of the installation are complete and correct. FOUNDATION Footings properly sized and constructed for the soil conditions Pier spacing per data plate and applicable table and roof load zone Limits of the checklist. This Piers properly constructed and vertical checklist is not all-inclusive. Perimeter blocking installed (if required) Some homes have impor- Piers at each side of large sidewall openings tant features not listed here. Completing this Center line piers installed at columns checklist does not guaran- Shims in place and tight tee that all installation re- quirements have been met. ANCHORS Approved anchors are used Anchors are installed at correct angles Anchor spacing and installation correct Longitudinal ties installed (if required) Anchor straps are tensioned UNDER THE HOME Moisture retarder installed The ground is properly graded to prevent water accumulation HVAC ducts are supported off the ground and connected tightly to collars at all ends Fireplace combustion air intake free and unrestricted No holes or tears in bottom board Skirting has been installed per manufacturer's instructions with proper vent- ing and provision for frost heave Dryer vent, range/cook top exhaust, water heater temperature and pressure overflow pipe and AC condensate drain installed to perimeter of crawl space EXTERIOR Shingled roofs are free of visible damage and serious defects and there are no missing or loose shingles Shingle close-up and ridge cap have been completed per applicable details All hold down straps on shingled roofs have been removed and staple holes have been properly sealed Penetrations at roof stacks, vents and chimneys have been properly sealed Siding and trim is free of gaps, voids, missing fasteners, damage, and seri- ous defects. All seams are sealed and hardboard edges are sealed Drip edge and fascia is properly installed and free of damage and serious de- fects Gutters and downspouts are installed properly such that water is diverted away from the home Trees and bushes have been trimmed to prevent brushing against the home in windy conditions or under snow loads The HUD label is exposed, intact and legible The exterior of the home and immediate surroundings is clean, clear of con- struction materials, dust, and debris Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 100 " . . 0 INTERIOR Ceilings, walls, and floor coverings are free from damage and serious defects Carpeting is properly stretched and seamed All trim and molding is installed properly and free of damage and defects All cabinets, countertops, plumbing fixtures, appliances, furnishings, and window coverings are free of damage or serious defects All cabinet doors and drawers work properly All interior and exterior doors and windows open, close, and latch properly One window in each bedroom meets emergency egress requirements, has operating instruction labels on it, and operates properly All temporary shipping hardware has been removed Floors are level The data plate is intact and, legible Smoke alarms have been tested The interior of the home is clean, clear of materials, dust, and debris WATER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS Crossover and service connection and splices have been properly made with correct materials Water and drain lines are insulated or otherwise protected from freezing Pipe supports are installed and properly spaced Proper slope has been maintained on all drain lines All necessary inspections and tests have been performed All sinks, basins, tubs, and toilets operate properly All hot and cold water lines are properly connected to fixtures, dispense wa- ter as labeled, and operate properly ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS The panel amperage matches the connection to the home The home has been properly grounded The main power supply has been properly connected and tested by a li- censed electrician All electrical crossovers have been connected All receptacles, switches, and light fixtures operate properly Ground fault circuit interrupters operate properly All exterior lights have been properly installed GAS/FUEL OIL SYSTEMS The gas system pressure test has been conducted Connections between units are properly made with access as required The main fuel line has been properly connected and tested by a qualified technician APPLIANCE OPERATING AND VENTING All appliances are working properly Appliance venting is in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions Fresh air intakes are properly installed Whole house, kitchen, and bath exhaust fan operation are correct Fireplace chimney stack extension and roof cap have been installed in ac- cordance with the manufacturer's instructions 09 9:22 AM Skvline Coroo PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 10 A Air conditioner/heat pump is sized properly conforHCSS ms to MISCELLANEOUS. 11 HUD M Installation/anchoring certificates or seals have been issued and installed (if 1/15/09 required) Owner's and operation manuals are available for all appliances This installation manual is left with home Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 102 Index of Steps INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................3 IMPORTANTNOTICES............................................................................................................................. 3 SAFETY..................................................................................................................................................... 3 RESOURCES............................................................................................................................................ 4 FEDERALPREEMPTION.......................................................................................................................... 4 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................................4 ENGINEER'S STAMP................................................................................................................................ 6 SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL......................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 6 ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS............................................................................................... 6 DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME.............................................................................................. 6 GETTING STARTED.................................................................................................8 STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE...................................................................................................... 8 STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE...................:........................................................................................... 8 STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL-ZONE.......................................................................................................9 STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF -LOAD ZONE...................................................................................................10 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS....................................................................12 PREPARETHE SITE................................................................................................13 STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS..................................................................................................................13 STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT........................................................................13 STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE.................................................................................................14 STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITION................................................................................................. 14 STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE...................................................15 STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY..........................................................16 INSTALLFOOTINGS................................................................................................18 STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS...........................................................................................18 STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking) ...................................... 21 STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) ............. 22 STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIALS................................................................................................. 23 STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS......................................................................................................................... 23 STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS.................................................................................................................. 26 CONSTRUCT FOUNDATIONS.................................................................................28 STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN.............................................................................................28 STEP2. EXCAVATE................................................................................................................................. 28 STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB.................................................................................... 28 STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL..................................................................................... 28 STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS...............................................................................................29 STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL.......................................................................................29 STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE............................................................................................................ 29 SETTHE HOME...........................................:............................................................30 STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET................................................................................................................... 30 STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION....................................................................................................... 30 STEP3. LIFT HOME.................................................................................................................................. 30 STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS................................................................................................................... 32 COMPLETE MULTI -SECTION SET..........................................................................36 STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS.....................................................................................36 CConforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 9 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 10 KI STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS.................................................................... 36 1i15i09 STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF.......................................................................................................36 STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET................................................................... 38 STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS..............................................................................39 STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS................................................................................................................... 39 STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF........................................................................................................................41 STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS ., STEP9. ATTACH TAG UNITS..................................................................................................................45 STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS................................................................................................ 46 STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION..........................................................................................46 STEP12. BACKFILL AND GRADE..........................................................................................................46 STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS..........................................................................................................................46 COMPLETE ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS..........................................................47 STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF......................................................................................................................47 STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF....................................................................................................49 STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS.......................................................................................................... 51 CONNECT CROSSOVERS.......................................................................................52 STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS...................................................................................................................... 52 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS................................................................................. 56 STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING............................................................................................ 58 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES.......................................................................................................... 59 STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES........................................................................ 60 STEP6. CONNECT GAS LINES...............................................................................................................61 STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING.................................................................. 62 COMPLETE THE INTERIOR....................................................................................63 STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS.................'....................................................................................... 63 STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD........................................................................................................... 63 STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES............................................................................64 STEP4. COMPLETE CARPET................................................................................................................. 64 STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM....................................................................................................................... 64 STEP 6. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS................................................................................................... 64 INSTALL STABILIZING SYSTEM............................................................................65 STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS.........................................................................................65 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION..............................................................................71 STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS.................................................................................................................... 71 STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS................................................................................................................... 72 STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS...................................................................................................................... 73 STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS.............................................................................................. 76 CONNECTUTILITIES...............................................................................................77 STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE........................................................................................... 77 STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE.................................................................................................... 80 STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE..........................................................................................................83 STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE............................................................................................................ 84 PREPARE APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT..........................................................86 INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP...................................................................................... 86 PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM................................................................................................................. 87 INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT..................................................................87 PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM.......................................................................:................................. 88 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 104 is to 1115109 PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER........................................................................................88 PREPARECLOTHES DRYER..................................................................................................................89 PREPARESMOKE ALARMS.....................:............................................................................................. 90 PREPAREFIREPLACES..........................................................................................................................90 PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES................................................................. 92 INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING...............................................................................................................93 INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING............................................................................................... 93 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM................................................................................................................... 95 COMPLETE EXTERIOR WORK...............................................................................96 STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD..................................................................................... 96 STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER............................................................................ 96 STEP3. INSTALL SKIRTING.................................................................................................................... 97 STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS ............................................... :...... 97 STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES................................................................................... 98 PREPARE HOME FOR OCCUPANCY.....................................................................99 STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION ................................................ 99 STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST..................................................................................... 99 STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST................................................................................. 99 STEP4. CLEAN THE HOME..................................................................................................................... 99 COMPLETE INSTALLATION CHECKLIST..............................................................100 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 10 Skyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart, Indiana www.skylinecorp.com 4-48 PG. 1 4jPFS#°2 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 2/28/19