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HomeMy WebLinkAboutInstallation Manual March 2018 - Southern HomesSite Construction Manual 3FWJTFE.BSDI 1 Using the Manual This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter. As you read it, identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need; construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation; and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual, refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward. Select either Single Section Home or a Multi-Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home’s foundation type, either Pier and Ground Anchor or Load-Bearing Perimeter Wall (see Def- initions, p. 6). Then complete the work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an alternative (proprietary) foundation system, the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturer’s directions for instructions. See page 8 for alternative foundation system criteria. SINGLE SECTION HOME MULTI-SECTION HOME Pier and Ground Anchor Load-Bearing Perimeter Wall Pier and Ground Anchor Load-Bearing Perimeter Wall Getting Started (p. 10) ź Prepare the Site (p. 15) ź Install Footings (p. 20) ź Set the Home (p. 38) ź Install Stabilizing System (p. 74) ź Connect Utilities (p. 95) ź Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 103) ź Complete Under the Home and Site built Struc- tures (p. 112) ź Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 115) ź Complete Installation Checklist (p. 116) Getting Started (p. 10) ź Prepare the Site (p. 15) ź Construct Foundation (p. 35) ź Connect Utilities (p. 95) ź Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 103) ź Complete Under the Home and Site built Struc- tures (p. 112) ź Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 115) ź Complete Installation Checklist (p. 116) Getting Started (p. 10) ź Prepare the Site (p. 15) ź Install Footings (p. 20) ź Set the Home (p. 38) ź Complete Multi-Section Set (p. 44) ź Complete Roof and Exte- rior Walls (p. 56) ź Connect Crossovers (p. 61) ź Complete Interior (p. 72) ź Install Stabilizing System (p. 74) ź Connect Utilities (p. 95) ź Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 103) ź Complete Under the Home and Site built Struc- tures (p. 112) ź Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 115) ź Complete Installation Checklist (p. 116) Getting Started (p. 10) ź Prepare the Site (p. 15) ź Construct Foundation (p. 35) ź Complete Multi-Section Set (p. 44) ź Complete Roof and Exte- rior Walls (p. 56) ź Connect Crossovers (p. 61) ź Complete Interior (p. 72) ź Connect Utilities (p. 95) ź Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 103) ź Complete Under the Home and Site built Struc- tures (p. 112) ź Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 115) ź Complete Installation Checklist (p. 116) *HWWLQJ6WDUWHG     /,672)),*85(6 )LJXUH1R 'HVFULSWLRQ 3DJH1R )LJXUH1R 'HVFULSWLRQ 3DJH1R )LJXUH6XSSRUWLQJDKRPHIRUGLVSOD\)LJXUH7ULSOH6HFWLRQ5RRI&RQQHFWLRQ0HWKRG )LJXUH6DPSOH'DWD3ODWH )LJXUH7ULSOH6HFWLRQ5RRI&RQQHFWLRQ0HWKRG  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for footer tables Page 30 - revised Appropriate Use for ABS plastic in Table 8 Page 32 - shaded chart to easily identify round footer capacities Page 33 - revised Fig. 11 to include allowance for footings exceeding the maximum extension 3DJHDGGHGDPSDQGDPSRSWLRQVLQ7DEOH All pages containing a chart or table were revised to reduce the dark shading in order to increase the legibility of these pages. Getting Started 5 Introduction This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Installation Standards. Please read all instructions and any other documents (including addendum pages and supplements) that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. This installation manual covers permits and site work through final inspection of the installation. It covers both single and multi-section homes installed over pier and anchor and load bearing crawl space walls. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures, for the set and hookup of homes to be used as single-family dwellings. The importance of correct installation cannot be over-emphasized. Correct installation is absolutely essential to homeowner satisfaction and the structural integrity of the home. All instructions must be followed to provide the customer with a safe, quality home. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions, further clarification or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this ma- nual, please contact the manufacturer, a registered engineer or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual. Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES x The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation. The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. x To keep the home in compliance with its warranty, the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer. Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home’s warranty. Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. x When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions, or encounters site conditions (such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk) or other conditions that prevent the use of the instructions provided in this manual, the installer must obtain special site-specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. Designs provided by registered professional engineers or registered architects must also be approved by the manufacturer and DAPIA. Alternative support and anchorage designs may be used which are state approved and acceptable to the local authority having jurisdiction. SAFETY There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed and, as experienced professionals, should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them, and be capable of providing safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home. The installer must possess a valid installation license as a manufactured home installer. As qualified professionals in the field of home installation, installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced. Warnings are published throughout this manual as reminders. These reminders may not cover all hazards, all potential hazards, or all possible consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should regularly inspect work preformed by crews and subcontractors. Obey OSHA regulations, particularly those related to home construction, such as Title 29 Code of Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations, call (202) 512-1800 or visit www.osha.gov on the web. Getting Started 6 RESOURCES Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing US Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 9164 Washington, DC 20410-8000 Telephone: (202) 708-6423 or (800) 927-2891 FAX: (202) 708-4213 State Administrative Agencies A list of SAAs may be found on the web at www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/sfh/mhs/mhssaa.cfm or by contacting the Of- fice of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing or in the Homeowners Manual. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered, constructed and inspected in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the “HUD Code”) in effect on the date of construction. These Standards set forth minimum requirements for the de- sign and construction of manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states, counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of a manufactured home. A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards. The design plans and in-plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agencies to assure compliance with the Standards. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installa- tion requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed. Consult with the local authority having jurisdiction (LAHJ) for regulations that may require licenses and/or permits or which may affect procedures described in this manual. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. Any device or other means designed to transfer home anchoring loads to the ground. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT. Ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a home to anchor assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM. A combination of anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed and installed, resist the uplift, overturning, and lateral forces on the home. BASEMENT. A load bearing perimeter wall foundation that includes habitable space (finished or unfinished, heated or unheated) completely or partially below grade. CONCRETE ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home anchoring tension loads from straps to concrete foundation or slab system. CRAWLSPACE. The space underneath the home’s floor system, enclosed with either load- or non-load bearing perimeter walls. The ground may be covered with a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover. Crawlspace walls must be vent- ed and an access must be provided. CROSSOVERS. Utility interconnections between sections of multi-section homes, including heating and cooling ducts, electrical circuits, and water pipes, drain plumbing, and gas lines. DATA PLATE. An information sheet located on a cabinet door under the kitchen sink or on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, utility room or in the master bedroom closet. It contains a unique identification number and identi- fies the wind zone, roof load zone, and climatic zone for which the home was constructed. DIAGONAL TIE. A tie intended to resist horizontal or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. FOOTING. That portion of the support system that transmits loads directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. H-BEAM. Steel H-beams, also called cross beams, are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace. They span across the foundation from sidewall to sidewall, typically with an intermediate support pier and footing (typ- ically in the center point resulting in a line of piers under the centerline of a double section home). INFORMATION PACKET. A set of important documents provided with the home including warranties, information on high wind coverage, and other features of the specific home. Getting Started 7 INSTALLATION LICENSE. The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD-administered installation program. LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation. The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LISTED OR CERTIFIED. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip- ment or materials, and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stand- ards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LOAD-BEARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION. A support system for the home whereby the home is mechanically fastened to a structural wall(s) that transfers gravity, lateral and uplift loads to the ground. LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (LAHJ). The state, city, county, municipality, utility, or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of a manufactured home. MUST. Indicates a mandatory requirement. N/A. Indicates not applicable. PIER.That portion of the support system between the footing and the home, exclusive of shims. Types of piers include, but are not limited to: (1) manufactured steel stands; (2) pressure-treated wood; (3) manufactured concrete stands; (4) concrete blocks; and (5) portions of foundation walls. PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION. A support system for the home that employs piers under the chassis and other locations to support gravity loads and employs ground anchors and tie downs (the stabilizing system) to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home. Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home’s frame. QUALIFIED (OR LICENSED). Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely, competently, and in accordance with all applicable codes, standards, rules and regula- tions. Meets all necessary qualification tests including any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed, including the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD-administered installation program. The term does not incorporate a state-issued installation license or certifica- tion, except to the extent provided in this part. The term does not imply that HUD approves or recommends an install- er or warrants the work of an installer, and should not be used in any way that indicates HUD approval in violation of 18 U.S.C. 709. RAMADA. Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over a home or any portion of the home. SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. SHALL. Indicates a mandatory requirement. SITE FOR A HOME. A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one home, its accessory buildings or structures, and accessory equipment, for the exclusive use of the occupants of the home. SKIRTING. A weather-resistant material used to enclose the perimeter, under the living area of the home, from the bottom of the home to grade. STABILIZING SYSTEM. All components of the anchoring and support systems, such as piers, footings, ties, anchoring equipment, ground anchors, or any other materials and methods of construction that support and secure the home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM. Pilings, columns, a combination of footings, piers, foundation walls, caps, and shims and any com- bination thereof that will, when properly installed, support and secure the home to the ground. TIE. Straps, cable, or securing devices used to connect the home to anchoring assemblies. UTILITY CONNECTION. The connection of the home to utilities that include, but are not limited to, electricity, water, sew- er, gas, or fuel oil. VERTICAL TIE. A tie intended to resist uplifting and overturning forces. WIND ZONE. The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map, as further defined in by the Manufactured Home Con- struction and Safety Standards *HWWLQJ6WDUWHG     (1*,1((5¶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x 6\VWHPGHVLJQVDUHSUHSDUHGE\DUHJLVWHUHGHQJLQHHURUDUHJLVWHUHGDUFKLWHFWRUWHVWHGDQGFHUWLILHGE\DUHJLV WHUHGHQJLQHHURUUHJLVWHUHGDUFKLWHFWLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKDFFHSWDEOHHQJLQHHULQJSUDFWLFHDQGDUHPDQXIDFWXUHG DQGLQVWDOOHGVRDVQRWWRWDNHWKHKRPHRXWRIFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKH0DQXIDFWXUHG+RPH&RQVWUXFWLRQDQG6DIHW\ 6WDQGDUGV x $Q$OWHUQDWLYH)RXQGDWLRQDQGRU7LHGRZQV\VWHPGHVLJQPXVWEHVXEPLWWHGWRWKHPDQXIDFWXUHULILWLVQRWOLVWHG RQWKHIROORZLQJZHEVLWHZZZ6(KRPHV6RXWKHUQFRP&OLFNWKH%XLOGHUV5HVRXUFHWDEDWWKHERWWRPRIWKH SDJHWRYLHZDOO'$3,$DSSURYHG$OWHUQDWLYH7LHGRZQV\VWHPV3ULRUWRREWDLQLQJDQDOWHUQDWLYHGHVLJQFRQWDFW WKHKRPHEXLOGLQJIDFLOLW\IRUDYDLODEOHDSSURYHGDOWHUQDWLYHGHVLJQVRULQVWUXFWLRQVIRUVXEPLWWLQJDQDOWHUQDWLYH GHVLJQ  Getting Started 9 DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME WEATHER PROTECTION If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home, the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes has not been damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair tears in the home closure materials to prevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair nail holes in roof shingles with asphalt cement or replace damaged shingles. Inspect and repair siding as needed. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new home is to be displayed at a retail location, temporarily block and support the home. Set up homes with sin- gle block piers (maximum height per Table 9), metal piers or jack stands spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each I-beam. The tire and axle system may be used as one of these required supports, and the hitch jack may be used as another. Locate the first support no further than two feet from the rear end of the home (Figure 1). Place additional sup- ports along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet (i.e. sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For 18’ wide homes, perimeter supports must also be spaced no further than 12 feet o.c. For multi section homes, locate additional supports along the marriage line under support columns. These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1. Supporting a home for display For all homes, place footings below each support. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excava- tion and may be ABS pads, 2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16” x 16” by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored at the manufacturer’s facility, model home center or the home site, but not on display (i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home) for a period exceeding 30 days, locate supports below each I- beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. For 18’ wide homes, perimeter supports must also be spaced no further than 12 feet o.c. Whether the home is being supported for display or storage the height of the home should be no higher than 48 inches as measured from the top of the ground to the bottom of the I-beam. In addition, it is extremely important that the roof/ridge vents are installed while the home is on display. Failure to install the roof/ridge vents may lead to significant damage to the roof and home. Getting Started 10 Getting Started This chapter covers a few steps that, taken now, will avoid problems later in the installation process. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE (p. 10) ź STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE (p. 10) ź STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE (p. 11) ź STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF-LOAD ZONE (p. 13) ź STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 14) STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE Locate the data plate inside the home (Figure 2), typically inside a kitchen cabinet door or on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, utility room or bedroom closet. Figure 2. Sample data plate – shown as reference only, actual data plate may vary. The information on the data plate will be used to verify that the home was designed for the proper location. STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE From Table 1, identify the wind zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. x No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in Wind Zone III.) x A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II can be placed in either Wind Zone II or I.) When a home is located in a lower wind zone than indi- cated on the data plate it may be installed per the requirements of the lower wind zone. x Homes located within 1,500 feet of the coastline in Wind Zones II and III must be designed to withstand exposure ‘D’ conditions. This will be indicated on the data plate. 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WKHKRPHLVORFDWHGLQWKH IORRGSODLQFRQVXOWDUHJLV WHUHGHQJLQHHU ŹJRWR3UHSDUHWKH6LWH S   Prepare the Site 15 Prepare the Site A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the process of planning the site, evaluating the soil, and preparing the site for construction of the home’s support system. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS (p. 15) ź STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT (p. 15) ź STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p. 16) ź STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS (p. 16) ź STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 17) źSTEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY (p. 19) STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- tion company. Whoever is responsible must secure state permits from the states through which the home will pass. In planning the route, avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the home, such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses and bridges not suitable for the load. Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow branches, bushes or other foliage to scrape against the home as the home is moved to the site. Avoid ditches, berms, steep slopes and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes and soft spots into which the transporter’s wheels may sink. Avoid moving over steep changes in grade (20 degrees or more). If required, provide for home storage and staging areas on the site. Plan the delivery and staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, home sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate sequence. Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively ma- neuvered during the installation process. Plan for temporary needs, such as dump- sters, portable toilets, crew parking, delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer deli- veries. Before moving the home to the site, inform the LAHJ and make sure the site is pre- pared and utilities are available. Site Preparation. Final re- sponsibility for site prepara- tion, including soil stability and frost heave control, lies with the installer. An impro- perly prepared site may re- sult in the denial of a foun- dation-related warranty claim. STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT The home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home location and layout in compliance with the regulations researched in Getting Started, STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 14). Contact utilities for locations of existing infrastructure, such as underground cables, pipes and electrical lines. When planning the site improvements, consider the following: x The home location should be level. x Avoid contact with large trees, steep slopes, poorly drained areas and poten- tial flood zones. x Preserve trees and shrubs for shade, visual screens and windbreaks. Fire separation. Comply with any LAHJ fire separa- tion requirements or the re- quirements NFPA 501A, 2003 edition (Chapter 6). Prepare the Site 16 x Plan the driveway, parking areas, septic, well, other structures and utility lines. x Consider future additions, such as screen rooms, porches and awnings. x Site the home away from natural water paths. STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE Trim overhanging foliage (tree limbs, etc. that could cause damage to the home) consi- dering future growth, potential storms, swaying in wind and snow/ice-weighted branches. All organic material such as vegetation, wood, roots, twigs, dead branches, grass, brush and wood scraps must be removed in areas where footings are to be placed. Remove any debris that could become termite infested from the site and sur- rounding area. Properly dispose of all items. Crown the site (Figure 4) away from the foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum slope of 1/2 inch per foot. Where property lines, walls, slopes or other physical condi- tions prohibit this slope, provide the site with drains, swales or grading to drain water away from the structure. Any fill required to grade the site should be inorganic “con- trolled fill” applied in a maximum of four inch layers, compacted between each layer to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Direct runoff away from the site using ditches and berms (Figure 5). If the home will have skirting, start grading from two feet in from the edge of the home. Site drainage. Moisture un- der the home can result in structural damage to the floor system, foundation, anchoring system and other parts of the home. Failure to provide adequate slope/drainage can result in moisture-related problems such as mold, mildew and erosion. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure 5. Direct runoff away from the home Grade the ground so that water under porches, decks and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible, use other methods such as a drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect under the home. The home is suitable for the installation of gutters and downspouts. Gutters and down- spouts must be installed per the gutter and downspout manufacturer’s installation in- structions. When gutters and downspouts are installed, direct runoff away from the home. STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for placement of a home. The design of the home’s support system, including footing/pier spacing and size, will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil and, if ground anchors are used, by the soil’s withdrawal strength. The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: x The soil must be firm and undisturbed (not previously excavated) or fill com- Soil. 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RI5ZKHQXQDGMXVWHGIURVWGHSWKH[FHHGVLQFKHV $QDSSURYHGJURXQGYDSRUEDUULHULVDSSOLHG        Prepare the Site 19 Figure 5A. Frost Penetration Map Will this installation use auger-type ground anchors or con- crete anchors? Ź YES, go to STEP 6, DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY, (p.19). Ź NO, go to Construct Foundation, (p. 35). Torque Probe. If a torque probe is used, check with the utility companies for the location of underground ca- bles or pipes to avoid con- tact with the probe shaft. STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY What type of support system will this installation use? Ź For pier and ground or concrete anchor, go to Install Stabiliz- ing Systems, (p. 74) Ź For load bearing perimeter wall, go to Construct Foundation, (p. 35) If the anchor holding strength of the soil is unknown test the soil per the requirements of the an- chor manufacturer’s installation instructions. 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When select- ing locations for supports, keep in mind that increasing the spacing between supports will increase the load on that support and the size of the required footing. DETERMINE LOCATIONS Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to the foundation at a specific point. Locate a support under each point load, including the follow- ing examples: x Exterior doors in side walls at both sides of each door (blocking is not required at exterior doors in end walls supported by the steel header). x Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each opening (including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without intermediate supports, even if individual windows are less than four feet). x Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. x Locations where through-the-rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the mar- riage line (unless otherwise noted in supplemental documents provided with the home or unless the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). x Marriage line columns. x Load-bearing porch posts. x On each side of factory installed fireplaces when located on the exterior sidewalls or marriage walls (except when supported by the steel header). Adjustable outriggers may only be used to replace piers below exterior door or window open- ings less than 48” and below factory installed fireplaces located on the exterior sidewalls or marriage walls. Adjustable outriggers may only be used at these locations when local codes permit the use of these devices and they are installed according to the manufacturer’s instal- lation instructions. Adjustable outriggers are not an acceptable replacement for perimeter supports on homes requiring perimeter blocking. Factory installed outriggers and cross- members may also replace piers below exterior door or window openings less than 48”. Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch. Supports are not required where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor (such as with additional outriggers or floor joists) and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. Figure 7. Typical point-load support locations along the marriage line. CALCULATE LOADS Use Tables 5-5c to determine the loads on point load supports (columns). For each support, find the table with the appropriate section width. Then, find the row with the appropriate roof load zone and the column corresponding to the span (see Figure 7 for guidance on determining spans — if a support is shared by spans on both sides, add the respective loads together to arrive at the total load under that point). The number in the intersecting cell is the load. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV     RoofLive Load(PSF)4 8 121416182024283236404448 20 1000 1600 2200 2500 2800 3100 3400 4000 4600 5200 5800 6400 7000 7600 30 2000 2800 3600 4000 4400 4800 5200 6000 6800 7600 8400 9200 10000 10800 40 2400 3400 4400 4900 5400 5900 6400 7400 8400 9400 10400 11400 12400 13400 60 3200 4600 6000 6700 7400 8100 8800 10200 11600 13000 14400 15800 17200 18600 80 4000 5800 7600 8500 9400 10300 11200 13000 14800 16600 18400 20200 22000 23800 100 4800 7000 9200 10300 11400 12500 13600 15800 18000 20200 22400 24600 26800 29000 120 5600 8200 10800 12100 13400 14700 16000 18600 21200 23800 26400 29000 31600 34200 MaximumOpeninginMarriageLine(ft) 20ftMax.HomeWidth TABLE5.POINTLOADONFOOTINGSATMARRIAGELINEOPENINGS(LBS)  RoofLive Load(PSF)4 8 121416182024283236404448 20 1120 1840 2560 2920 3280 3640 4000 4720 5440 6160 6880 7600 8320 9040 30 2320 3280 4240 4720 5200 5680 6160 7120 8080 9040 10000 10960 11920 12880 40 2800 4000 5200 5800 6400 7000 7600 8800 10000 11200 12400 13600 14800 16000 60 3760 5440 7120 7960 8800 9640 10480 12160 13840 15520 17200 18880 20560 22240 80 4720 6880 9040 10120 11200 12280 13360 15520 17680 19840 22000 24160 26320 28480 100 5680 8320 10960 12280 13600 14920 16240 18880 21520 24160 26800 29440 32080 34720 120 6640 9760 12880 14440 16000 17560 19120 22240 25360 28480 31600 34720 37840 40960 MaximumOpeninginMarriageLine(ft) 24ftDoubleSection/36ftTripleSectionMax.HomeWidth TABLE5a.POINTLOADONFOOTINGSATMARRIAGELINEOPENINGS(LBS)  RoofLive Load(PSF)4 8 121416182024283236404448 20 1240 2080 2920 3340 3760 4180 4600 5440 6280 7120 7960 8800 9640 10480 30 2640 3760 4880 5440 6000 6560 7120 8240 9360 10480 11600 12720 13840 14960 40 3200 4600 6000 6700 7400 8100 8800 10200 11600 13000 14400 15800 17200 18600 60 4320 6280 8240 9220 10200 11180 12160 14120 16080 18040 20000 21960 23920 25880 80 5440 7960 10480 11740 13000 14260 15520 18040 20560 23080 25600 28120 30640 33160 100 6560 9640 12720 14260 15800 17340 18880 21960 25040 28120 31200 34280 37360 40440 120 7680 11320 14960 16780 18600 20420 22240 25880 29520 33160 36800 40440 44080 47720 MaximumOpeninginMarriageLine(ft) 28ftDoubleSection/42ftTripleSectionMax.HomeWidth TABLE5b.POINTLOADONFOOTINGSATMARRIAGELINEOPENINGS(LBS)      ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV      RoofLive Load(PSF)4 8 121416182024283236404448 20 1330 2260 3190 3655 4120 4585 5050 5980 6910 7840 8770 9700 10630 11560 30 2880 4120 5360 5980 6600 7220 7840 9080 10320 11560 12800 14040 15280 16520 40 3500 5050 6600 7375 8150 8925 9700 11250 12800 14350 15900 17450 19000 20550 60 4740 6910 9080 10165 11250 12335 13420 15590 17760 19930 22100 24270 26440 28610 80 5980 8770 11560 12955 14350 15745 17140 19930 22720 25510 28300 31090 33880 36670 100 7220 10630 14040 15745 17450 19155 20860 24270 27680 31090 34500 37910 41320 44730 120 8460 12490 16520 18535 20550 22565 24580 28610 32640 36670 40700 44730 48760 52790 MaximumOpeninginMarriageLine(ft) 32ftDoubleSection/48ftTripleSectionMax.HomeWidth TABLE5c.POINTLOADONFOOTINGSATMARRIAGELINEOPENINGS(LBS)    'HWHUPLQHIURPWKHGDWDSODWHDQGRUODEHOVDORQJWKHSHULPH WHULIWKHKRPHUHTXLUHVSHULPHWHUEORFNLQJ Ź,ISHULPHWHUEORFNLQJLV127UHTXLUHGJRWR67(3'(6,*1 )5$0(68332576 +RPHV:LWKRXW3HULPHWHU%ORFNLQJ  S  Ź,ISHULPHWHUEORFNLQJLVUHTXLUHGJRWR67(3'(6,*1)5$0( $1'3(5,0(7(568332576 +RPHV:LWK3HULPHWHU%ORFNLQJ  S    67(3'(6,*1)5$0(68332576 +RPHV:LWKRXW3HULPHWHU %ORFNLQJ  '(7(50,1(/2&$7,216 $OOKRPHVUHTXLUHUHJXODUO\VSDFHGVXSSRUWVDORQJDOOPDLQIUDPH,EHDPV6HOHFWVSDFLQJ EHWZHHQVXSSRUWVDQGVNHWFKWKHPRQWKHVXSSRUWSODQ.HHSLQPLQGWKDWIUDPHVXSSRUWV XQGHUKRPHVZLWK´GHHS,EHDPVPD\EHQRPRUHWKDQHLJKWIHHWDSDUW7KRVHXQGHU KRPHVZLWK´RU´GHHS,EHDPVPD\EHQRPRUHWKDQIHHWDSDUW*HQHUDOO\JUHDWHU GLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQVXSSRUWVZLOOUHTXLUHODUJHUIRRWLQJV)LJXUHVKRZVW\SLFDOIUDPHVXS SRUWORFDWLRQV 6SDFLQJIUDPHVXSSRUWV 7KHUHPXVWEHDVXSSRUW SLHUORFDWHGQHDUWKHHQG RIHDFK,EHDPVXFKWKDW WKHUHLVQRPRUHWKDQ LQFKHVDVPHDVXUHGIURP WKHRXWVLGHHGJHRIWKH IORRUWRWKHFHQWHURIWKH SLHU )LJXUHTypical support locations for homes not re- quiring regularly spaced perimeter supports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´RYHUKDQJ LQDSVI5RRI/RDG=RQHZRXOGEHOEVOEV OEV OEV 1RWHWKHORFDWLRQDQGORDGUHTXLUHGRIHDFKVXSSRUWRQWKHVNHWFK :LGWKOLVWHGLQHDFKFROXPQRIWKHIROORZLQJFKDUWVLVWKHRYHUDOOZLGWKRIWKHKRPH(JIW LVDVLQJOHVHFWLRQIWLVDGRXEOHVHFWLRQDQGIWLVDWULSOHVHFWLRQ     )LJXUH$ Typical mar- riage line support locations for homes not requiring pe- rimeter supports PierSpacing 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4'2195 2519 2843 3140 3410 2400 2764 3128 3462 3765 2605 3009 3413 3783 4120 >4'to6'3093 3579 4065 4510 4915 3400 3946 4492 4993 5448 3708 4314 4920 5475 5980 >6'to8'3990 4638 5286 5666 6420 4400 5128 5856 6523 7130 4810 5618 6426 7167 7840 >8'to10'4888 5698 6508 7250 7925 5400 6310 7220 8054 8813 5913 6923 7933 8858 9700 TABLE6.LOADONFRAMEPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESNOTREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKINGEXCEPTATOPENINGS(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(1Ͳ1/2"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) South(20psf)Middle(30psf)North(40psf)  PierSpacing 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4'2240 2564 2888 3185 3455 2460 2824 3188 3522 3825 2680 3084 3488 3858 4195 >4'to6'3160 3646 4132 4578 4983 3490 4036 4582 5083 5538 3820 4426 5032 5588 6093 >6'to8'4080 4728 5376 5750 6510 4520 5248 5976 6643 7250 4960 5768 6576 7317 7990 >8'to10'5000 5810 6620 7363 8038 5550 6460 7370 8204 8963 6100 7110 8120 9046 9888 TABLE6a.LOADONFRAMEPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESNOTREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKINGEXCEPTATOPENINGS(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(6"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) South(20psf)Middle(30psf)North(40psf)    ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV      PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft Upto4'2300 2624 2948 3191 2540 2904 3268 3541 2780 3184 3588 3891 >4'to6'3250 3736 4222 4587 3610 4156 4702 5112 3970 4576 5182 5637 >6'to8'4200 4848 5496 5757 4680 5408 6136 6682 5160 5968 6776 7382 >8'to10'5150 5960 6770 7378 5750 6660 7570 8253 6350 7360 8370 9128 TABLE6b.LOADONFRAMEPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESNOTREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKINGEXCEPTATOPENINGS(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(12"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) South(20psf)Middle(30psf)North(40psf)  PierSpacing 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft Upto4'2420 2744 3068 3311 2700 3064 3428 3701 2980 3384 3788 4091 >4'to6'3430 3916 4402 4767 3850 4396 4942 5352 4270 4876 5482 5937 >6'to8'4440 5088 5736 6222 5000 5728 6456 7002 5560 6368 7176 7782 >8'to10'5450 6260 7070 7678 6150 7060 7970 8653 6850 7860 8870 9628 TABLE6c.LOADONFRAMEPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESNOTREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKINGEXCEPTATOPENINGS(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(24"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) South(20psf)Middle(30psf)North(40psf)  &DOFXODWH/RDGV 8VH7DEOHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHORDGVRQVXSSRUWVEHORZRSHQLQJVLQWKHVLGHZDOOZKHQSHULPHWHU EORFNLQJLVQRWUHTXLUHG)LQGWKHURZZLWKWKHDSSURSULDWHRSHQLQJVSDQ7KHQILQGWKHFROXPQ ZLWKWKHDSSURSULDWHIORRUZLGWK7KHQXPEHULQWKHLQWHUVHFWLQJFHOOLVWKHORDG PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft Upto3'1025 1100 1175 1244 1306 >5'to6'1400 1520 1640 1750 1850 >3'to4'1150 1240 1330 1413 1488 >6'to8'1650 1800 1950 2088 2213 >4'to5'1275 1380 1485 1581 1669 >8'to10'1900 2080 2260 2425 2575 PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft Upto3'1200 1300 1400 1492 1575 >5'to6'1680 1840 2000 2147 2280 >3'to4'1360 1480 1600 1710 1810 >6'to8'2000 2200 2400 2583 2750 >4'to5'1520 1660 1800 1928 2045 >8'to10'2320 2560 2800 3020 3220 PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft PierSpacing 10/20ft 12/24ft 14/28/42ft 16/32/48ft 18ft Upto3'1375 1500 1625 1740 1844 >5'to6'1960 2160 2360 2543 2710 >3'to4'1570 1720 1870 2008 2133 >6'to8'2350 2600 2850 3079 3288 >4'to5'1765 1940 2115 2275 2421 >8'to10'2740 3040 3340 3615 3865 Middle(30psf)Middle(30psf) North(40psf)North(40psf) TABLE6d.LOADONPIERFOOTINGSATOPENINGSALONGTHESIDEWALL(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(24"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) South(20psf)South(20psf)  ŹJRWR67(36(/(&7)227,1*0$7(5,$/6 S    67(3'(6,*1)5$0($1'3(5,0(7(568332576 +RPHV :LWK3HULPHWHU%ORFNLQJ  '(7(50,1(/2&$7,216 'HSHQGLQJRQGHVLJQDQGORFDWLRQVRPHKRPHVUHTXLUHUHJXODUO\VSDFHGSHULPHWHUVXS SRUWVDORQJDOORIWKHVLGHZDOOVDQGPDUULDJHZDOOVLQDGGLWLRQWRIUDPHVXSSRUWV,IUHTXLUHG SHULPHWHUVXSSRUWORFDWLRQVZLOOEHLGHQWLILHGE\ODEHOVDWWDFKHGDORQJWKHERWWRPRIWKH VLGHZDOOVDQGPDUULDJHZDOOVDQGQRWHGRQWKH'DWD3ODWH $SLHUVXSSRUWZLOOEHUHTXLUHGDW 6SDFLQJIUDPHVXSSRUWV 7KHUHPXVWEHDVXSSRUW Install Footings 26 each of the label locations. Additionally, perimeter support locations may be identified by a white stripe or mark beneath the home on the bottom board material. Perimeter blocking supports must be placed no further than 8 feet on-center. If required, perimeter supports are only needed on bearing walls. For 20 psf roof live load, perimeter support is only required at exterior doors and other openings 48” and larger, un- less noted otherwise. Supports may be added at each corner of each endwall for leveling purposes, but are not required. Bearing walls are those walls that support the ends of roof trusses or rafters (typically sidewalls and marriage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalls of tag units). To minimize the number of required perimeter supports, space them evenly between point load supports as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 (but not under open spans). These fig- ures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. pier located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 24 inches as measured from the outside edge of the floor to the center of the pier. Figure 9.Typical support lo- cations for homes requiring perimeter supports Figure 10. Typical marriage line support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports CALCULATE LOADS Use Tables 7-7c to determine the loads on frame and perimeter supports for homes requir- ing perimeter blocking. Find the chart with the appropriate sidewall eave overhang. Then, find the column with the appropriate roof load and section width. Find the group of rows cor- responding to the selected support spacing. The values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame, perimeter and marriage line supports respectively. Loads on supports of a given type (frame, perimeter or marriage) can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. Loads for piers installed at 5, 7 and 9 feet on-center can be estimated by adding the loads A perimeter support must be installed within 4 feet of col- umn supports and the corner of the home when the home is designated for perimeter blocking. The loads listed in Tables 5 for homes greater than 20 psf roof load include   ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV      IRUWKHKLJKHUDQGORZHUVSDFLQJDQGGLYLGLQJLQKDOI HJWKHORDGIRUIUDPHSLHUV LQVWDOOHGDWIHHWRQFHQWHUIRUDZLGHZLWKD´RYHUKDQJLQDSVI5RRI/RDG =RQHZRXOGEHOEVOEV OEV OEV  1RWHWKHORFDWLRQDQGORDGUHTXLUHGRIHDFKVXSSRUWRQWKHVNHWFK :LGWKOLVWHGLQHDFKFROXPQRIWKHIROORZLQJFKDUWVLVWKHRYHUDOOZLGWKRIWKHKRPH(JIW LVDVLQJOHVHFWLRQIWLVDGRXEOHVHFWLRQDQGIWLVDWULSOHVHFWLRQ    WKHDGGLWLRQDOIRRWVSDQ Pier Spacing Location 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 Upto4' Sidewall 1175 1295 1415 1525 1625 1380 1540 1700 1847 1980 1585 1785 1985 2168 2335 1995 2275 2555 2812 3045 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 >4'to6' Sidewall 1563 1743 1923 2088 2238 1870 2110 2350 2570 2770 2178 2478 2778 3053 3303 2793 3213 3633 4018 4368 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 >6'to8' Sidewall 1950 2190 2430 2650 2850 2360 2680 3000 3293 3560 2770 3170 3570 3937 4270 3590 4150 4710 5223 5690 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 Pier Spacing Location 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 Upto4' Sidewall 2405 2765 3125 3455 3755 2815 3255 3695 4098 4465 3225 3745 4265 4742 5175 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 >4'to6' Sidewall 3408 3948 4488 4983 5433 4023 4683 5343 5948 6498 4638 5418 6198 6913 7563 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 >6'to8' Sidewall 4410 5130 5850 6510 7110 5230 6110 6990 7797 8530 6050 7090 8130 9083 9950 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 North(60psf)South(20psf) TABLE7.LOADONFRAMEANDPERIMETERPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKING(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(1Ͳ1/2"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) North(80psf) North(100psf) North(120psf) Middle(30psf) North(40psf)  ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV         Pier Spacing Location 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 Upto4' Sidewall 1220 1340 1460 1570 1670 1440 1600 1760 1907 2040 1660 1860 2060 2243 2410 2100 2380 2660 2917 3150 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 >4'to6' Sidewall 1630 1810 1990 2155 2305 1960 2200 2440 2660 2860 2290 2590 2890 3165 3415 2950 3370 3790 4175 4525 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 >6'to8' Sidewall 2040 2280 2520 2740 2940 2480 2800 3120 3413 3680 2920 3320 3720 4087 4420 3800 4360 4920 5433 5900 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 Pier Spacing Location 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 Upto4' Sidewall 2540 2900 3260 3590 3890 2980 3420 3860 4263 4630 3420 3940 4460 4937 5370 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 >4'to6' Sidewall 3610 4150 4690 5185 5635 4270 4930 5590 6195 6745 4930 5710 6490 7205 7855 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 >6'to8' Sidewall 4680 5400 6120 6780 7380 5560 6440 7320 8127 8860 6440 7480 8520 9473 10340 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 North(60psf)South(20psf) TABLE7a.LOADONFRAMEANDPERIMETERPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKING(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(6"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) North(80psf)North(100psf)North(120psf) Middle(30psf)North(40psf)   ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV       Pier Spacing Location 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 Upto4' Sidewall 1280 1400 1520 1610 1520 1680 1840 1960 1760 1960 2160 2310 2240 2520 2800 3010 Upto4' Marriagewall 1760 2000 2240 2420 2160 2480 2800 3040 2560 2960 3360 3660 3360 3920 4480 4900 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 >4'to6' Sidewall 1720 1900 2080 2215 2080 2320 2560 2740 2440 2740 3040 3265 3160 3580 4000 4315 >4'to6' Marriagewall 2440 2800 3160 3430 3040 3520 4000 4360 3640 4240 4840 5290 4840 5680 6520 7150 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 >6'to8' Sidewall 2160 2400 2640 2820 2640 2960 3280 3520 3120 3520 3920 4220 4080 4640 5200 5620 >6'to8'Marriagewall 3120 3600 4080 4440 3920 4560 5200 5680 4720 5520 6320 6920 6320 7440 8560 9400 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 Pier Spacing Location 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 Upto4' Sidewall 2720 3080 3440 3710 3200 3640 4080 4410 3680 4200 4720 5110 Upto4' Marriagewall 4160 4880 5600 6140 4960 5840 6720 7380 5760 6800 7840 8620 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 >4'to6' Sidewall 3880 4420 4960 5365 4600 5260 5920 6415 5320 6100 6880 7465 >4'to6' Marriagewall 6040 7120 8200 9010 7240 8560 9880 10870 8440 10000 11560 12730 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 >6'to8' Sidewall 5040 5760 6480 7020 6000 6880 7760 8420 6960 8000 9040 9820 >6'to8'Marriagewall 7920 9360 10800 11880 9520 11280 13040 14360 11120 13200 15280 16840 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 North(60psf)South(20psf) TABLE7b.LOADONFRAMEANDPERIMETERPIERFOOTINGSFORHOMESREQUIRINGPERIMETERBLOCKING(LBS) RoofLoadZoneandMax.HomeWidth(12"Max.SidewallEaveOverhang) North(80psf)North(100psf)North(120psf) Middle(30psf)North(40psf)   ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV      Pier Spacing Location 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24/36ft 28/42ft 32/48ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 Upto4' Sidewall 1400 1520 1640 1730 1680 1840 2000 2120 1960 2160 2360 2510 2520 2800 3080 3290 Upto4' Marriagewall 1760 2000 2240 2420 2160 2480 2800 3040 2560 2960 3360 3660 3360 3920 4480 4900 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 1930 2236 2542 2772 >4'to6' Sidewall 1900 2080 2260 2395 2320 2560 2800 2980 2740 3040 3340 3565 3580 4000 4420 4735 >4'to6' Marriagewall 2440 2800 3160 3430 3040 3520 4000 4360 3640 4240 4840 5290 4840 5680 6520 7150 >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2848 3256 3562 >6'to8' Sidewall 2400 2640 2880 3060 2960 3280 3600 3840 3520 3920 4320 4620 4640 5200 5760 6180 >6'to8'Marriagewall 3120 3600 4080 4440 3920 4560 5200 5680 4720 5520 6320 6920 6320 7440 8560 9400 >8'to10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 2950 3460 3970 4353 Pier Spacing Location 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft 20ft 24ft 28/42ft 32/48ft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 Upto4' Sidewall 3080 3440 3800 4070 3640 4080 4520 4850 4200 4720 5240 5630 Upto4' Marriagewall 4160 4880 5600 6140 4960 5840 6720 7380 5760 6800 7840 8620 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 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VLJQHGE\DUHJLVWHUHGHQJLQHHURUUHJLVWHUHGDUFKLWHFWWRUHVLVWWKHHIIHFWVRI IURVWKHDYH$QFKRUDJHUHTXLUHPHQWVPXVWEHLQFOXGHGZLWKHDFKUHJLVWHUHG HQJLQHHURUUHJLVWHUHGDUFKLWHFWGHVLJQZKHQWKHDQFKRUDJHUHTXLUHPHQWV OLVWHGLQWKLVPDQXDOFDQQRWEHDFFRPPRGDWHG3ULRUWRREWDLQLQJDQDOWHUQDWLYH GHVLJQFRQWDFWWKHKRPHEXLOGLQJIDFLOLW\IRUDYDLODEOHDSSURYHGDOWHUQDWLYHGH VLJQVRULQVWUXFWLRQVIRUVXEPLWWLQJDQDOWHUQDWLYHGHVLJQ x 0DNHVXUHWKHWRSVXUIDFHRIWKHIRRWLQJLVOHYHOIODWDQGVPRRWK  ([FDYDWLRQ,I H[FDYDWLRQLVUHTXLUHGPDUN WKHIRRWLQJORFDWLRQVRQWKH JURXQGZLWKVWDNHVEHIRUH EHJLQQLQJWRGLJ ŹJRWR6HWWKH+RPH S   Construct Foundation 35 Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD BEARING PERIMETER WALL) This chapter provides guidelines and recommendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foundation using a load bearing perimeter wall. A load bearing perimeter wall foundation system uses a wall along the outer edge of the home to support the home’s outside walls. This perimeter support works with interior supports such as piers, columns and cross beams that support the home’s frame and, if multi-section, marriage line. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN (p. 35) ź STEP 2. EXCAVATE (p. 35) ź STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB (p. 35) ź STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL (p. 35) ź STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS (p. 37) ź STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL (p. 37) ź STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE (p. 37) STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN If a load bearing perimeter wall foundation design has not been provided by the home manufacturer, it is the responsibility of the retailer and/or home owner to provide a de- sign approved by an engineer or architect, licensed in the state where the home will be installed. The approved design must comply with the LAHJ regulations for foundation design, waterproofing and drainage, and the following: x The foundation perimeter bearing wall must be supported with a concrete slab or continuous strip footing around the perimeter of the home. Interior piers must be supported by a slab or footings. If footings are used under interior piers, they may be designed as in Design Frame and Perimeter Supports, p. 25. x Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. IMPORTANT: Verify the di- mensions of the actual floor width (eg. a 28’ wide home does not meas- ure 28 feet in width). x Footings and slabs must be protected from the effects of frost heave by ex- tending the footings to or below the frost line or by using a frost protected shallow foundation design. STEP 2. EXCAVATE Excavate for the foundation, properly disposing of the earth that is not needed for backfill or site grading purposes. STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTINGS OR SLAB Construct the foundation according to the approved design, including the perimeter foundation wall, drainage system, footing(s) and/or slab. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL Unless the approved design requires otherwise, construct the perimeter wall with mor- tared and reinforced concrete blocks or reinforced poured-in-place concrete. Install re- inforcement according to the approved design or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access openings according to the approved design, or if not specified, according to the re- quirements in Complete Under the Home, STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 113). Using engineered designs. This section is NOT intend- ed to provide a complete design for a buildable foun- dation. A complete design must be obtained that is suitable for the local area and sealed by a professional engineer or registered archi- tect, licensed in the state. Alternate foundation designs must be approved by the manufactururer and DAPIA. Prior to obtaining an alterna- tive design contact the home building facility for available approved alternative de- signs or instructions for submitting an alternative de- sign.The manufacturer is capable of providing limited model specific foundation designs upon request. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to be installed on a basement or a crawlspace have been or- dered with a recessed frame or as a basement-ready frame system, where the &RQVWUXFW )RXQGDWLRQ     :KHUHRSHQVODWWHGGHFNERDUGVDUHXVHGDWUHFHVVHGHQWULHVDQGSRUFKHVSURYLVLRQV PXVWEHPDGHWRHQVXUHZDWHULVQRWSHUPLWWHGWRGUDLQLQWRWKHDUHDXQGHUWKHFRQGL WLRQHGSRUWLRQRIWKHKRPH$Q\SHULPHWHUW\SHVNLUWLQJRUIRXQGDWLRQZDOOVKRXOGEHLQ VWDOOHGWRIROORZWKHH[WHULRURIWKHZDOORIWKHKRPHDQGSHUPLWWKHDUHDEHQHDWKWKH SRUFKWRGUDLQZDWHUDZD\IURPWKHKRPH :KHQFRQVWUXFWLQJSRFNHWVIRUDFURVVEHDPV\VWHPPHDVXUHWKHEHDPGHSWKDQGOR FDWHWKHSRFNHWVFDUHIXOO\,WLVFULWLFDOWKDWWKHKRPH¶VIUDPHUHVWVRQWRSRIWKHFURVV EHDPDQGWKHSHULPHWHURIWKHIORRUUHVWVVTXDUHO\RQWKHIRXQGDWLRQZDOOVLOOSODWH )LJXUH /HDYHURRPIRUDWZRLQFKQRPLQDOKDUGZRRGVSDFHURUVWHHOSODWHVSDF HURQWRSRIWKHZDOOSRFNHWV WRSUHYHQWFRUURVLRQWKHVWHHOEHDPVPXVWQRWEHLQGL UHFWFRQWDFWZLWKFRQFUHWH /HDYHDWOHDVWRQHLQFKIRUWKHUPDOH[SDQVLRQDWWKHHQGV RIWKHEHDPVDQGPDLQWDLQDPLQLPXPRIWZRLQFKHVRIEHDULQJDUHDIRUWKHEHDPVLQ WKHSRFNHWV \LHOGLQJDPLQLPXPSRFNHWGHSWKRIWKUHHLQFKHV  %ROWDSUHVVXUHWUHDWHGZRRGVLOOSODWH PLQLPXP[ WRWKHWRSRIWKHIRXQGDWLRQ ZDOO,IWKHKRPH¶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ross beam in- stallation        )LJXUHConnection using 2 x 10 sill plate   Construct Foundation 37 STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS Install piers, columns and cross beams to support the interior of the home according to the approved design. STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL Damp or water proof foundation walls as necessary according to local jurisdiction re- quirements. Footing heights. Pour foot- ings to a height that will re- duce the need to cut blocks or shim when building pe- rimeter walls and piers. Backfilling. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is connected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Is this a basement foundation? Ź YES, go to Set the Home, (p. 38). Ź NO, go to STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE, (p. 37) STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the fill as per Prepare the Site (p. 15). Does the approved foundation design call for ground anchors? Ź YES, go to Install Stabilizing Systems, (p. 74). Ź NO, go to Set the Home, (p. 38). Set the Home 38 Set the Home This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home (for single section homes this is the only sec- tion) onto the foundation. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET (p. 38) ź STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION (p. 38) ź STEP 3. LIFT HOME (p. 38) ź STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS (p. 40) STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Before beginning the home set, complete the following: x Confirm that the site is properly cleared and graded (see Prepare the Site, p. 15. x Ensure that the footings are in place and properly located. x Install any utilities that will be difficult to install (e.g. those below grade be- neath the home) after the home is in place. x Secure or remove from the home and properly store all ship loose items (refer to shipping documents for items shipped with the home). x Inspect the home interior, exterior and all provided materials, appliances and equipment. Immediately report any damage or shortages to the manufacturer. For perimeter bearing wall foundations: x Check that the actual length and width of the home matches the foundation walls. x Check that the two main diagonal measurements of the foundation are equal. x Check that the foundation walls and other support points are within 1/4 inch of level overall and within 1/8 inch of level within any four foot distance. x For multi-section homes, check that each pair of diagonal measurements for each portion of the foundation corresponding to a home section are equal. x For multi-section homes, find the electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear outriggers. Reverse them to the inside of the outrigger so they will be access- ible after the home is placed on the foundation walls. x If using a cross beam system, remove the frame’s shackle hanger if it will in- terfere with proper placement of the beam. STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION Position the home section in its final location (if possible, move the heaviest section of the home into place first). Then place materials needed to construct support piers near their final locations under the home as determined in Install Footings, (p. 20). STEP 3. LIFT HOME There are three primary methods available to place the home on the foundation: jack- ing, rolling and craning. Jacks, often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and anchor foundations; roller systems are commonly used for crawlspace foundations with load bearing perimeter walls; and cranes are most commonly used for basement foun- dations. JACKS If jacks are to be used, comply with all jacking safety precautions and the procedure below. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with ut- Clearances under the home. After the home is leveled, the resulting dis- tance between the bottom of the entire chassis main frame beam and the ground must be no less than 12 inches. Utilize proper cribbing. Homes weigh several tons. No one should be under the home (whether it is moving or stationary) unless proper cribbing is in place (Figure 15). Fail- ure to utilize proper crib- bing may result in serious injury or death. Leveling During Jacking. Keep the home’s floor as level as possible during jacking. Twisting or warping the floor can dam- age the structure and finish- ing. Use as many jacks as necessary to keep the floor flat and level. Set the Home 39 most care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in serious injury or death. Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the home with jacks. JACKING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS x No one should be under the home’s I-beams while the jacks are being operat- ed or while the home is supported only on the jacks. x Use jacks only for raising the home. Do not rely on the jacks to support the home. x If possible, raise the home only on one side so that the other side is in contact with the ground. Leave the hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing equipment. x Obey all OSHA regulations. x Make sure adequate safety cribbing (Figure 15) is in place whenever the home is placed on jacks. x Use a minimum of two commercial quality jacks, each with a rating of at least 12 tons. x Jack only on the main chassis I-beam, centering jacks directly under the beam. x Do not jack on a seam (joint between flanges of twin I-beams). x To distribute the concentrated loads from jacks to I-beam, place a minimum 3/8-inch thick steel plate, a C-channel, a 1½-inch thick hardwood block or a commercial jacking plate, between the main chassis I-beam and the jack head. x Locate the jack base on firm ground. Never jack on freshly disturbed soil or where an underground sewer pipe may be located. x Use a firm support under the jack base to prevent tipping or settling of the jack. A minimum 16” x 16” or larger wood or rigid fiberglass pad is recommended. Never use concrete blocks as a support for a jack. x Never use jacks that are leaking or are in need of repair. Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: 1. Block wheels. Block the wheels so the house does not roll. 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing (Figure 15) Figure 15. Stack 4” x 6” by 5’ long timbers as shown to form safety timbers. Place safety timbers under home behind axle area and under hitch. 3. Level lengthwise. Locate one jack at the hitch and level the section leng- thwise (such that the front and rear of the section are at the same height). 4. Locate frame jacks. Place a minimum of one jack in front of the first spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on the side of the home that is lowest (making sure not to place jacks where the piers will go). Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 feet from each end of the I-beam. 5. Lift the home. Operating the jacks simultaneously (or sequentially in very small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final desired pier height. Set the Home 40 ROLLER SYSTEMS When using a roller system, comply with the equipment manufacturer’s directions and the following sequence: 1. Establish staging area. Establish a staging area directly adjacent to one or both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- turer’s directions. 3. Fasten bump blocks. Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. 4. Roll home. Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks. Remove the blocks before installing the next section of a multi-section home. CRANES When using a crane, follow these guidelines: x Position the home section(s) and crane (taking the boom reach into consider- ation) such that they do not have to be repositioned during the set. x Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. x Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. x Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. x Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. x Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys- tem, notch and reinforce the home’s rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. x Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over previously set sections. No one should be under the home while it is suspended. Never put your hands be- tween the home and the pe- rimeter walls. Have the interior foundation supports already been designed and installed as part of an approved load bearing perimeter wall foundation? Ź YES, go to Complete Multi-Section Set, (p. 44) or go to Connect Utilities, (p. 95) for single section homes. Ź NO, go to STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS, (p. 40). STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up on jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer’s blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 20). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as measured from the top of the footing, pad or grade to the top of the cap. The pier height can be measured from the lowest surrounding grade to the top of the cap when grade level is above the top of the footing. See Table 12 for pier construction require- ments. Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structural damage to the home. Install piers at all re- quired locations. Failure to do so may lead to sagging floors, walls and roofs, and could void the home’s war- ranty.   6HWWKH+RPH      7$%/(3,(50$7(5,$/0,1,08063(&,),&$7,216 &RPSRQHQW6SHFLILFDWLRQ &RQFUHWH%ORFN1RPLQDOGLPHQVLRQVRIDWOHDVW´[´[´FRQILUPLQJWR$670GHVLJQDWLRQ& &DSV 6ROLGPDVRQU\ QRPLQDO´[´[´SUHFDVWFRQFUHWHZLWKRXWUHLQIRUFHPHQW WUHDWHGRUKDUGZRRGOXPEHU QRPLQDO´[´[´ RUVWHHO PLQLPXP´WKLFNFRUURVLRQSURWHFWHGE\DPLQRIDPLOFRDWLQJRIDQ H[WHULRUSDLQWRUHTXLYDOHQW  6SDFHUV1RPLQDO´WKLFNKDUGZRRGERDUGVRUQRPLQDO´RU´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±IRU8VH&DWHJRU\%JURXQG FRQWDFWDSSOLFDWLRQV  7$%/(3,(5&216758&7,21 3LHUORFDWLRQ+HLJKW&RQILJXUDWLRQ0D[LPXPRIIVHW WRSWRERWWRP 0D[LPXP/RDG OEV  :LWKRXW0RUWDU:LWK0RUWDU )UDPH /HVVWKDQLQ  6LQJOHVWDFNEORFNVZLWKORQJ VLGHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRIUDPH ,EHDP ò´ %HWZHHQLQDQGLQ'RXEOHLQWHUORFNHGEORFNV´OEV %HWZHHQLQDQGLQ7ULSOHLQWHUORFNHGEORFNV´OEV %HWZHHQLQDQGLQ'RXEOHLQWHUORFNHGUHLQ IRUFHGEORFNV´1$ 3HULPHWHULQRUOHVV  6LQJOHVWDFNEORFNVZLWKORQJ VLGHSDUDOOHOWRSHULPHWHUUDLO ULPMRLVW  ò´ 0DUULDJHOLQHLQRUOHVV  6LQJOHVWDFNEORFNVZLWKORQJ VLGHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKH PDUULDJHOLQH ò´ 6LQJOHVWDFNSLHUVPD\EHFRQVWUXFWHGXSWR´PD[KHLJKWRQO\ZKHQLQVWDOOHGDVSHULPHWHUDQGPDUULDJHOLQHVXSSRUWSLHUV &URVVUHIHUHQFHPD[LPXPDOORZDEOHSLHUKHLJKWZLWKPD[LPXPDOORZDEOHIORRUKHLJKWOLVWHGLQIUDPHWLHGRZQFKDUWV,I PD[LPXPKHLJKWOLVWHGLQIUDPHWLHGRZQFKDUWVLVH[FHHGHGWKHQGHVLJQVPXVWEHSURYLGHGE\DUHJLVWHUHGSURIHVVLRQDOHQ JLQHHURUUHJLVWHUHGDUFKLWHFW 0D[LPXPKRUL]RQWDORIIVHWRIò´DOORZHGIRUSLHUKHLJKWVXSWR´DQGD´RIIVHWDOORZHGIRUSLHUKHLJKWVEHWZHHQ´DQG ´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et the Home 42 3. Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon. When using split caps on double-stacked block piers, install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and perpendicular to the main I-beam. 4. Install shims. Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the base of the I-beam and the top of the pier cap. When required, always use shims in pairs (Figure 17). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of vertical space. When the space to be shimmed is greater than one inch and less than the minimum thickness of available caps or con- crete blocks, use hardwood dimensional lumber (two inches maximum thick- ness) or 4” thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lumber/blocks over each individual cap. Two cap blocks may be used as the cap on double block piers provided the joint between the cap blocks is per- pendicular to the joint between the open cell concrete blocks and is also per- pendicular to the I-beam supported by the pier. Figure 16. Frame pier con- struction. Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- lowed it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. Figure 17. Correct shim placement Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using standard unit dimensions (without cutting). 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. USING A WATER LEVEL A water level is a standard device for leveling the home. The level consists of the following components: x One container (five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). x 150 feet of 1/2 inch diameter clear plastic tubing. x Fittings for container to tubing. x Valve for terminal end of tubing. x Liquid for system: colored water in warm climates, windshield washing fluid in cold climates. Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is no more than 1/4 inch differ- ence between adjacent pier supports (frame or perime- ter) and the exterior doors and windows of the home do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Ź<(6JRWR&RQQHFW8WLOLWLHV S  Ź12JRWR&RPSOHWH0XOWL6HFWLRQ6HW S    Complete Multi- Section Home 44 Complete Multi-Section Set This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween units, raising and fastening hinged roofs and fastening the home to a load bearing perimeter wall foundation. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS (p. 44) ź STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS (p. 44) ź STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF (p. 44) ź STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 45) ź STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS (p. 45) ź STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS ź STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF ź STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS ź STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS (p. 54) ź STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS (p. 55) ź STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION (p. 55) ź STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE (p. 55) ź STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS (p. 55) STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line now; before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System (p. 74). After instal- ling marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi-Section Set. STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation. Do not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. Wind wrap (such as Tyvek or other similar product) will be installed over the exterior wall OSB sheathing and under the shipping plastic. Be careful not to damage the wind wrap when removing the shipping plastic. STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, refer to Appen- dix D for hinged truss installation information. Checklists for alternate construction. If the serial number (see the data plate or the chassis front cross member) has the letters “AC” before or after it, then the Alternate Construction on-site check list supplied with the home must be completed and returned to the home manufacturer in a timely manner. If the AC checklist relates to the roof, then failure to do so may require future disassembly of the roof and further in- spections. Complete Multi- Section Home 45 STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET A continuous, non-porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier will be installed on at least one side of the marriage line; along the floor, end walls and ceiling (and marriage lines for any tag units). The manufacturer has provided a marriage line gasket either installed on the home or shipped loose. If installed, inspect the gasket and repair any gaps or tears. If not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections along the floor, end walls and ceiling. For homes with through-the-rim crossover ducts (see Connect Crossovers, p.61) in- spect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4 inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. Ensure that duct openings are unobstructed. Checking through-the-rim- ducts. Ensure that through- the-rim-duct connections are secure and tight after the home sections are to- gether. STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS Follow this procedure to install additional home sections: 1. Remove obstructions. Remove protruding nails and staples or anything else that will keep the home sections from fitting together snugly. If present, cut the temporary ceiling and floor plates at the edges of marriage line openings tak- ing care not to damage ceiling or floor coverings or displace temporary mar- riage line support posts (these supports and the plates will be removed after the home sections have been structurally connected). 2. Complete crossovers. Before moving the two sections together, complete any crossover connections that require access from the open marriage line, including the attic duct connection (if present) and marriage wall interior elec- trical connections (see Connect Crossovers, p.61). 3. Position section. Position the section as closely as possible (ideally within six inches) and line up with the previously set section. If using a mechanical positioning system or crane, follow the system manufacturer’s instructions or the crane operator’s directions. 4. Construct piers. With the outside walls of the home aligned, construct the piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home (p.38) before continuing to the steps below. 5. Level section. Lower the section onto the outside piers first, inside piers last. Before releasing the mechanical positioning system, check interior doorways and other openings for misalignments that may cause problems during trim- out. The floors should be flush, level and tight and the roof section should have little, if any, gap at the top of the marriage line. Use at least two come-a- longs to pull the sections snugly together and use the water level or other leveling device to set all piers and shims. 6. Shim gaps. Shim any gaps up to one inch between structural elements with dimensional lumber. If any gaps exceed one inch, re-position the home to eliminate such gaps. STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS Make floor structural connections according to the appropriate method described below. A sealing gasket shall be present between marriage line rim joists. Alternate 1: Toed fasteners through bottom board Make connections according to the fastener specifications in Table 13 and Figure 18 and the metal strap specifications that follow. Spacing indicated in Table 13 is on-center, both sides of marriage line. Fasteners on each side of marriage line shall be staggered and offset by twice the spacing distance (Figure 18A). Repair any tears or holes in the bottom board after installation of fasteners. Mechanical posi- tioning system. For a pier- set home, a mechanical positioning system (such as a roller system) will make the process easier and sa- fer and be less likely to damage the home. Safety. Remember to place safety timbers under home behind axle area and under hitch. Sealing gaps. Prior to com- pletion of the exterior close- up, gaps that do not exceed one inch are permitted be- tween structural elements provided that the gaps are closed before completion of close-up, the home sec- tions are in contact with each other; and the mar- riage gasket provides a proper seal. 46 TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Fastener “S” Spacing Type Size Wind Zone 1 Wind Zone 2 Wind Zone 3 Wood Screw #8 x 4” 20 in. 12 in. 12 in. Nail 16d(.135”) x 3- 1/2” NA 11-1/2 in. 11-1/2 in. Lag Screw 3/8” x 4” 24 in. 14-1/2 in. 14-1/2 in. Figure 18. Floor connection through bottom board Figure 18A. Staggered off- set fastening along marriage line Additional fastening requirements: x Wind zones 2 and 3 require metal strap per specifications below. x Fasteners to be installed at approximately a 30 degree angle from horizontal. x Two additional fasteners are required at each end of the home. x 1/4” pilot holes must be drilled on-site when connecting floors with 3/8” lag screws. x Metal strap and fastening specifications (required for Wind Zones 2 and 3): x Strap to be min 26ga 1-1/2” wide galvanized steel strap spaced per Ta- ble 13A and fastened with (10) 7/16” x 15ga staples or (9) 8d common nails each end per Figure 18. Strap length shall be sufficient to hold the required fasteners. TABLE 13A. MAXIMUM STRAP SPACING –“T” Wind Zone Strap Wind Zone 1 Wind Zone 2 Wind Zone 3 26 ga. x 1-1/2” NA 96 in. 96 in. Note: Bottom board not shown for clarity. All holes in the bottom board must be patched with a vinyl tape designed for repairing tears and holes. All fasteners for straps must penetrate into floor joists. Fastener lengths must be increased due to   &RPSOHWH0XOWL 6HFWLRQ+RPH      DQ\JDSVEHWZHHQWKHPRGXOHVWRREWDLQWKHVDPHSHQHWUDWLRQ$OOJDSVPXVWEH ILOOHGZLWKGLPHQVLRQHGOXPEHUSULRUWRIDVWHQHULQVWDOODWLRQ 67(3&211(&7:$//6 0DNHZDOOVWUXFWXUDOFRQQHFWLRQVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDSSURSULDWHPHWKRGGHVFULEHGEHORZ  /DJVFUHZRUZRRGVFUHZHQGVWXGVEHKLQGRUWKURXJKVKHDWKLQJ)DVWHQHUVPD\ EHWRHIDVWHQHGZKHQLQVWDOOHGWKURXJKVKHDWKLQJ 0DNHFRQQHFWLRQV )LJXUH DFFRUGLQJWRWKHIDVWHQHUVSHFLILFDWLRQVDQGVSDFLQJUH TXLUHPHQWVLQ7DEOHDQGWKHIROORZLQJUHTXLUHPHQWV x )RUODJVFUHZVSUHGULOO´SLORWKROHV x ,IH[WHULRUZDOOVKHDWKLQJSDQHOVPXVWEHUHLQVWDOOHGIDVWHQXVLQJPLQJD[´[ ´VWDSOHVRUGQDLOVVSDFHGLQFKHVRFWRDOOKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWLFDOIUDP LQJPHPEHUV x ,QWHULRUJ\SERDUGWREHLQVWDOOHGZLWK´GU\ZDOOVFUHZVDW´RFHGJHVDQGILHOG RU´GU\ZDOOQDLOVDW´RFHGJHVDQGILHOG,QVWDOOSUHILQLVKHGSDQHOVZLWK´ [JDVWDSOHVDW´RFHGJHVDQG´RFILHOG   )LJXUHEndwall connec- tions 7$%/((1':$//&211(&7,2163(&,),&$7,216 )DVWHQHUW\SH6L]H6SDFLQJ /DJVFUHZ ´[´ LQRF :RRG6FUHZ[´LQRF   67(3&211(&7522)6 08/7,6(&7,21+20(5,'*(/,1( 0DNHURRIVWUXFWXUDOFRQQHFWLRQVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDSSURSULDWHPHWKRGGHVFULEHGEHORZ ,IWKHKRPHKDVDKLQJHGURRIVHHDOVRWKHVHFWLRQRQKLQJHURRIUDLVLQJDQGIDVWHQLQJ ±6KLQJOHULGJHFDS)DVWHQZLWK[´VKLQJOHQDLOVZLWKPLQLPXP´GLDPH WHUKHDG´HDFKVLGH ±´ZLGHIHOWIXOOOHQJWKRIURRI       ±:LQG=RQHDQGRQO\±´ZLGH[JDFRQWLQXRXVVWHHOULGJHFDSIDVWHQ ZLWK´[´[JDVWDSOHVDW´RQFHQWHUPD[HDFKVLGH  7$%/(522)&211(&7,21:,7+28786(2)5,'*(9(17 522) 3,7&+ ¶6,'(:$//0$;  :LQG=RQH )DVWHQHU:LQG=RQH:LQG=RQH:LQG=RQH [´ZRRGVFUHZV LQRF LQRF LQRF GQDLOVLQRFLQRFLQRF ´[´ODJVFUHZV LQRF LQRF LQRF  1RWH´KROHPXVWEHGULOOHGRQVLWHZKHQXVLQJ´[´ODJVFUHZV  )LJXUHRoof connections  7$%/($522)&211(&7,21:,7+86(2)5,'*(9(17 522)3,7&+ ¶6,'(:$//0$;  :LQG=RQH )DVWHQHU:LQG=RQH:LQG=RQH:LQG=RQH [´ZRRGVFUHZV  DWHDFKEORFN  DWHDFKEORFN  DWHDFKEORFN ´[´ODJVFUHZV  DWHDFKEORFN  DWHDFKEORFN  DWHDFKEORFN  1RWH´KROHPXVWEHGULOOHGRQVLWHZKHQXVLQJ´[´ODJVFUHZV   )LJXUH$Roof connec- tions  6FUHZVPXVWEHLQVHUWHGIURPKDOIZLWKRXWIDFWRU\LQVWDOOHG´EORFNVDQGPXVWSHQHWUDWH VKHDWKLQJUDLODQG´LQWR[EORFNDWWDFKHGWRWKHRSSRVLWHKDOI   Complete Multi- Section Home 49 This page intentionally left blank. 50 This page intentionally left blank. Complete Multi- Section Home 51 This page intentionally left blank. 52 This page intentionally left blank. Complete Multi- Section Home 53 This page intentionally left blank. Complete Multi- Section Home 54 Do additional sections (non tag) remain to be positioned? Ź YES, go to STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GROUND ANC- HORS, (p. 44) Ź NO, continue below. Is there a tag unit? Ź YES, go to STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS (p. 54) Ź NO, continue below. Is there a hinged roof? Ź YES, go to STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF, (p. 44) Ź NO, go to STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS, (p. 54) STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS After the main unit has been set on its foundation, install all tag units according to the following procedure: 1. Position and block the tag. Position the tag unit as close to the main unit as possible at its intended location. Use a hitch jack to obtain approximate leve- ling and install pier supports according to Set the Home, STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION (p. 38). Determine whether the tag and main unit floors are designed to line up flush or are offset by a step and adjust the tag pier heights accordingly. 2. Level the unit. Using a water level (p.42), verify that the piers are level. The elevation of all points along the lower flange of the I-beam should be a no more than 3/8 inches from the desired height and should not deviate more than 3/4 inches overall. 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the tag unit is level with main unit floor, connect the floors together as described in STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS (p. 45). If the floors are offset, use the connection detail shown in Figure 21. 4. Connect walls. Secure the tag unit walls to the main unit sidewall using #10 x 4” screws at 24 inches o.c. If pre-drilled holes are provided secure the tag unit walls to the main unit with 5/16” x 6” lag screws (see Figure 22). The sheath- ing shown in the detail may not be included by the manufacturer. If included, the sheathing over the last stud bay was tacked in place at the factory for easy removal at the site. Once the wall connections are complete, re-install the sheathing and complete the siding installation. Piers under tag units. Some tag units have spe- cial piering needs due to the roof and/or floor con- struction. These will be de- tailed in supplemental pier- ing plans supplied with the home. Note that tag unit end walls are typically load bearing rather than side walls. Figure 21. Tag unit offset floor connection Figure 22. Tag unit wall connection 5. Connect roofs. Connect the tag unit roof to the main unit roof using #10 x 4” screws at 12” on-center (8” on-center in Wind Zone 3) or #8 x 4” screws at 8” on-center (5” on-center in Wind Zone 3) toe screwed through tag unit end truss top chord into each main unit dormer vertical structural member location (stud or truss). If full depth ridgebeam headers must be connected refer to Connect Roofs. See Figure 23 for flush roof connections and Figure 24 for roof connections with an offset greater than two inches. Roof connections with an offset less than two inches do not require screws.   &RPSOHWH0XOWL 6HFWLRQ+RPH      )LJXUHTag unit flush roof connection )LJXUHTag unit offset roof connection 67(35(029(7(0325$5<,7(06 2QFHWKHKRPHLVSURSHUO\VXSSRUWHGDQGWKHPDUULDJHOLQHFRQQHFWLRQVDUHFRPSOHWHG UHPRYHWKHWHPSRUDU\ULGJHEHDPVXSSRUWVDQGZDOOFHLOLQJSODWHVXVHGWREUDFHWKH ULGJHEHDPGXULQJVKLSPHQW7DNHFDUHQRWWRGDPDJHWKHFHLOLQJ  ,VWKHKRPHVXSSRUWHGRQDORDGEHDULQJSHULPHWHUZDOO" Ź <(6JRWR67(3)$67(1+20(72)281'$7,21 S  Ź12JRWR&RPSOHWH5RRIDQG([WHULRU:DOOV S    67(3)$67(1+20(72)281'$7,21 )DVWHQWKHKRPHWRWKHIRXQGDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHIDVWHQLQJVFKHGXOHSURYLGHGLQ &RQVWUXFW)RXQGDWLRQ67(32%7$,1$)281'$7,21'(6,*1 S :KHQWREDFNILOO%DFNILOO DJDLQVWEDVHPHQWZDOOVRQ O\DIWHUWKHKRPHLVFRQ QHFWHGWRWKHIRXQGDWLRQRU WKHEDVHPHQWZDOOVPD\ GHIOHFWLQZDUGRUFROODSVH &XWWLQJWKHFKDVVLV'RQRW FXWQRWFKEHQGRUDOWHULQ DQ\PDQQHUEHDPVFURVV PHPEHUVDQGRWKHUSDUWVRI WKHVWHHOFKDVVLV ,VWKHKRPHVXSSRUWHGRQDEDVHPHQWIRXQGDWLRQ" Ź <(6JRWR67(3%$&.),//$1'*5$'( S  Ź12JRWR&RPSOHWH5RRIDQG([WHULRU:DOOV S   67(3%$&.),//$1'*5$'( %DFNILOODJDLQVWWKHIRXQGDWLRQZDOOWRWKHKHLJKWRIWKHZDWHUSURRILQJWDNLQJFDUHWRQRW GDPDJHWKHGUDLQDJHV\VWHP *UDGHWKHVLWHDVGHVFULEHGLQ3UHSDUHWKH6LWH67(3&/($5$1'*5$'(7+( 6,7( S  67(3%8,/'67$,56 &RQVWUXFWWKHEDVHPHQWVWDLUVLQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHORFDOEXLOGLQJFRGH7DNHFDUH WKDWDGHTXDWHKHDGURRPLVPDLQWDLQHGXQGHUEHDPVDQGWKDWWKHUHLVVXIILFLHQWODQGLQJ VSDFHDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHVWDLUV Ź JRWR&RPSOHWH5RRIDQG([WHULRU:DOOV S   Complete Multi- Section Home 56 Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p.56) ź STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF (p.58) ź STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS (p. 60) STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi-section homes, the first step in completing the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line (Figure 25). For homes with asphalt shingles, follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials, follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. Figure 25. Shingle installa- tion at ridge Weatherproofing. It is vital- ly important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to inclement weather. 1. Install underlayment. Sheathing must be fastened with an 8d nail at 3 inches on-center along the edges and 3 inches on-center in the field. Seams of field in- stalled sheathing must be offset 16 inches from the seams on factory installed sheathing. Install 15# felt or equivalent continuously along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1” x 1” x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installation, install them now using 12 ga x 1-1/4” long, 3/8” diameter head roof nails. For Wind Zone I, fasten at 5/8 inch above each tab cutout slot and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (four fasteners for a three-tab shingle) (Figure 26). For Wind Zones II and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (six fasteners for a three-tab shingle). Do not fasten through the shingle tar line. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove shipping pro- tection from the roof prior to completing roofing. Seal all holes in shingles resulting from shipping protection re- moval. It is also recom- mended that the top layer of shingles be lifted and the sealant applied to any holes in the second layer of shin- gles. Refer to Warning on following page for ac- ceptable types of sealants. Figure 26.Shingle fastener locations for Wind Zone I (left) and Wind Zones II and III (right). 3. Install underlayment. Install 15# felt or equivalent underlayment that is at least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1” x 1” x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing ce-   &RPSOHWH5RRIDQG ([WHULRU:DOOV      PHQWRQERWKVLGHVRIWKHULGJHXQGHUWKHXQGHUOD\PHQW ,QVWDOOVKLQJOHFDS6WDUWLQJDWWKHRSSRVLWHHQGRIWKHKRPHIURPWKHSUHYDLOLQJ ZLQGLQVWDOOULGJHFDSVKLQJOHVSURYLGHGE\WKHPDQXIDFWXUHURUXVH[ VKLQJOHV ´VKLQJOHVFXWLQWRWKUHHHTXDOSLHFHV  )LJXUH ,QVWDOOXVLQJJD [´ORQJ´GLDPHWHUKHDGURRILQJQDLOVVSDFHGLQFKHVIURPERWWRP HGJHDQGLQFKWRLQFKHVLQIURPERWKHGJHV&RYHUWKHH[SRVHGIDVWHQ HUVZLWKWDURUFHPHQW  )LJXUHShingle cut into thirds 5LGJH9HQW)RUSURSHUDOLJQPHQW±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´JDSEHWZHHQVHFWLRQVWRDOORZIRUZDUPZHDWKHUH[SDQ VLRQ ,QVWDOOLQJDULGJHYHQW,ID ULGJHYHQWLVWREHLQVWDOOHG IROORZWKHULGJHYHQWPDQX IDFWXUHU¶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¶VLQVWDOODWLRQLQVWUXFWLRQV UHIHUWRWKHVKLQJOHZUDSSHU  )LJXUHRidge vent instal- lation  $&(72;<7<3(6,/, &21(6$5(12772%( 86('7KLVW\SHRIVLOLFRQH ZLOOZHDNHQRUPHOWDVSKDOW VKLQJOHV7KH$OFR[\RU1HX WUDO&XUHW\SHVLOLFRQHVZLOO QRWPHOWDVSKDOWDQGDUHWKH SURSHUVLOLFRQHVWREHXVHG LQURRIDSSOLFDWLRQV$OOVHDO DQWVXVHGLQVKLQJOHDQGURRI DSSOLFDWLRQVH[FOXGLQJXQ GHUOD\PHQWVHFXUHPHQW PXVWEHDQ$OFR[\RU1HX WUDO&XUHW\SHVLOLFRQH25 PHHWWKH$670' VWDQGDUG$VSKDOW$VEHVWRV EDVHGVHDODQWVVXFKDV %ODFN7DUPXVWPHHWWKH $670'VWDQGDUG 6KLQJOHXQGHUOD\PHQWVHDO DQWVDUHUHTXLUHGLQ:LQG =RQH,,DQG,,,DSSOLFDWLRQV DQGPXVWPHHWWKH$670 VWDQGDUG  Complete Roof And Exterior Walls 58 Figure 29.Triple section roof connection Method 1 Installing metal flashing. Install optional metal flashing over the roof decking before applying roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- ten 30 ga x 6” wide mini- mum galvanized metal with roofing nails or 16 ga x 1” crown staples of sufficient length to penetrate the roof sheathing. Space fasteners four inches o.c. or less near the edge of the metal. Overlap the metal by at least two inches at joints. Method 2: Field installed sheathing 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and fold up the underlayment on the center section roof. Apply to the lower roof underlayment a minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement centered on the sheathing joint. Cover with the shipped loose underlayment. Apply another minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement to the ship loose underlayment centered on the upper roof sheathing joint. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles per the shingle manufactur- er’s installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). Figure 30.Triple section roof connection Method 2 STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF If the home has a tag unit, complete roofing for this unit now. The process for complet- ing the roof is different for flush and offset roofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- ate section below. FLUSH ROOFS For flush roofs, complete roofing along the marriage line and at the valley line as follows (see Figure 31): Complete Roof and Exterior Walls 59 Figure 31. Tag unit flush roof connection Marriage line Method 1: Install metal flashing (minimum 30 ga x minimum 6” wide) over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof. Secure the flashing to the roof decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a one inch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks. Space fasteners maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing. Overlap seams in the metal by at least two inches. After flashing is complete, install shingles per shingle manu- facturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 56). Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint be- tween the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factory installed under- layment a minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 56). Valley line Along the bottom of the valley, shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing, overlap the tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose, install the roll roof- ing at the valley, lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either by interweaving them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. Fasteners must not be installed within 6” of the centerline of the valley. OFFSET ROOFS If there is a gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less than two inches, fold up the main unit dormer fascia, slide the underlayment and flash- ing from the tag unit roof behind the fascia, and bend the fascia back down and secure into sub fascia with metal screws (Figure 32). Figure 32. Tag unit roofing connection with less than two inch height difference Complete Roof And Exterior Walls 60 If the gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof is two inches or more, bend up the inside corner trim at the dormer overhang and main unit sidewall, fold up the factory installed flashing on the tag unit roof, fold the inside corner trim back down and secure into dormer wall with metal screws (Figure 33). Figure 33. Tag unit offset roof connection STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS Siding necessary to complete the exterior has been provided with the home. Follow the siding manufacturer’s instructions (found on or with the packaging or as an addendum to this manual) and to complete the exterior siding as follows: 1. Remove shipping protection. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls. 2. Complete crossovers. Complete any crossover connections in the walls, in- cluding: electrical, stereo speaker, doorbell, telephone and intercom wires. 3. Install siding. Fasten siding only at stud locations, avoiding electrical wires that are present in the walls. 4. Fasteners. Fasteners must be installed as described in the manufacturer’s in- stallation instructions or DAPIA approved test reports for the siding. 5. Install close-up strips. If siding has been installed on the end walls at the fac- tory, fasten close-up strips securely along both edges and seal the edges with a waterproof sealant. 6. Install trim. Install any matching trim required to complete the installation. 7. Seal penetrations. With a waterproof sealant, seal any penetrations in the sid- ing that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. Covering the HUD label. Do not cover the HUD la- bel on the exterior of the home. Removing shipping pro- tection. Remove tempo- rary shipping protection from walls before installing siding or serious moisture damage may result. Wind wrap (such as Tyvek or other similar product) will be installed over the exte- rior wall OSB sheathing and under the shipping plastic. Be careful not to damage the wind wrap when removing the ship- ping plastic. 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Furnace offset from trunk duct, two home sections Figure 34B. Furnace over trunk duct, three home sec- tions Figure 34C. Furnace offset from trunk duct, three home section For under floor flexible crossover ducts follow the steps below: 1. Locate collars. Locate the metal crossover collars (or V-box) connected to the main trunk duct (or furnace) under the home and remove temporary shipping protection. 2. Install inner duct. Apply mastic completely over inner liner and collar/V-box. Slide the crossover duct inner liner over the crossover collar/V-box as far as it will go. Install a large nylon zip tie over the inner liner just above the “ridge” around the crossover collar/V-box. Apply mastic completely over inner liner and collar/V-box. 3. Connect duct insulation. Bring the duct insulation up over the zip tie and above the home’s bottom board into the floor cavity. Temporarily duct tape it against the base of the trunk duct/V-box. 4. V-box Insulation. Verify that the V-box has been insulated with R-8 minimum. 5. Pull duct wrap. Pull the crossover duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- tion and temporarily secure it to the trunk duct/V-box with duct tape. 6. Install zip tie. Feel for the nylon zip tie that was installed over the inner liner. Place another nylon zip tie just under the first one to permanently secure the crossover duct insulation and outer wrap, making sure all of the insulation is in- side the outer wrap. 7. Trim duct. Trim the crossover duct to length such that the installed duct will be straight with no kinks or unnecessary bends. 8. Connect other end. Follow the same procedure (steps 1 through 5) to connect the opposite end of the crossover duct and any other crossover ducts. 9. Seal joints. Seal the joints between the bottom board and the crossover duct with bottom board repair tape. 10. Support duct. Support the crossover duct(s) above the ground using nylon or galvanized metal straps and saddles spaced every 48 inches o.c. or less. Choose straps at least 1/2 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- rals. Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. ROOF CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT For ducts installed in the roof cavity, follow the steps below: 1. Access the duct. Access the crossover location through an access panel in the ceiling or the open sides of the home before the sections are joined and remove any temporary shipping protection. 2. Join ducts. Using the provided flexible duct, join the distribution boxes in each section of the home as shown in Figure 35, cutting off any extra duct length to keep the duct as straight as possible. The duct must be joined in the center Securing the crossover. Between Step 5 and Step 6, drill three or more 1/16 inch holes an equal distance around and just below the bottom edge of the nylon zip-tie. Install #12 pan head screws in these holes, through the flexible duct and into the metal crossover collar/V- box. The screw heads should be against the zip- tie. Cover exposed metal. Completely cover all ex- posed metal connectors with insulation. Apply seal- ants and tapes only to sur- faces that are dry and free of dust, dirt, and grease. Avoid ground contact. In- stalled crossover ducts must not be in contact with the ground. Unobstructed airflow. Ex- cess length, kinks and bends in the crossover duct will restrict airflow and degrade the home’s HVAC system performance. Compressed Duct. Support the duct without compress- ing the insulation and re-   &RQQHFW &URVVRYHUV      ZLWKWKHSURYLGHGFRQQHFWHU )DVWHQGXFWV$WHDFKFRQQHFWLRQSRLQWEHWZHHQGXFWVDQGGLVWULEXWLRQER[HV RUFRQQHFWRUVVHFXUHWKHLQQHUGXFWOLQHUZLWKDQ\ORQVWUDSDSSO\PDVWLFFRP SOHWHO\RYHUWKHFRQQHFWLRQDUHDSXOOWKHGXFWLQVXODWLRQDQGRXWHUOLQHURYHU WKHFRQQHFWLRQDUHDDQGVHFXUHWKHPZLWKDVHFRQGQ\ORQVWUDS 5HLQVWDOOSDQHO5HLQVWDOODQGVHFXUHWKHDFFHVVSDQHOLIDSSOLFDEOH  VWULFWLQJDLUIORZ )LJXUHDuct crossover located in the roof cavity ,17+()/225&526629(5'8&7 :KHUHRQHRUPRUHFURVVRYHUGXFWVDUHEXLOWLQWRWKHKRPH¶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¶VEORFNLQJ SODQRURWKHUVXSSOHPHQWDO GRFXPHQWVRUXQOHVVWKH KRPHLVFRQVWUXFWHGZLWKD SHULPHWHUVXSSRUWV\VWHP       )LJXUH In-floor duct con- nection through the rim joist without metal sleeve Connect Crossovers 64 Method 2: Duct board with sleeve Join duct board ducts with a metal sleeve as follows (Figure 37): 1. Open bottom board. On the section of the home with the furnace, cut the bot- tom board along the center line of the two floor joists on either side of the cross over duct starting at the marriage line and extending approximately three feet toward the center of the section. 2. Open duct. Create an opening in the duct by cutting the duct board as shown in Figure 37. 3. Insert sleeve. Insert the provided metal sleeve, centering it on the marriage line joint. 4. Seal duct. Close the bottom of the duct and seal it with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). 5. Seal floor. Replace the floor insulation to its original position and seal the bot- tom board tightly with tape specially made for that purpose. Figure 37. In-floor duct with crossover using metal sleeve STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS Multi-section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s) along the marriage line(s). JOINING WIRES Two types of connections may be present at these locations—snap connectors and junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover lo- cation. These will be coded for identification. Connect snap connectors according to the connector manufacturer’s installation instructions, including fastener requirements. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows (Figure 38): Pull wires. Pull circuit wires into the junction box, sliding them through a romex connec- tor and secure snugly. (Figure 38) Do not over-tighten. 1. Strip wires. Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. 2. Connect wires. Connect wires together matching like colors, using appro- priately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or cover plate(s), if metal. Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or 20 amp circuits, or a single 240 volt appliance circuit. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal) screws. Use qualified electricians. All electrical work must be performed by a qualified electrician and comply with the 2005 NEC. Disconnect power. Turn off power to the home before making connections. Proper use of GFCI cir- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupted (GFCI) circuits are con- nected to the proper GFCI protected circuits from the power supply. Connect Crossovers 65 Figure 38.Types of junction box wiring connections FLOOR CROSSOVER When making electrical connection(s) in the floor, use one of the wiring options de- scribed below: Method 1: Access panel 1. Access wires. Find the crossover location(s) and remove the access panel(s) if attached. If access panel openings are not provided, cut through bottom board to expose the wiring (Figure 39). 2. Route wires. Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim joist or if there is a single bumped-out access panel as in Figure 40, then connect under the rim joists. 3. Connect wires. Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s) as de- scribed above. 4. Secure wires. Secure wires with staples to adjacent joists or studs within eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). 5. Install smash plates. For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protectors (smash plates). 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re-install access panels and/or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). The access panel(s) may be temporarily installed near the crossover lo- cation or shipped loose with the home. Using snap connectors. Do not use oversized nails or drive nail heads into snap connectors. Some connectors are designed for one-time use only – a new connector must be used if they become sepa- rated. Protect cables. Cover all cables with conduit or oth- er suitable weather- resistant and protective material. Figure 39. Electrical cros- sover floor wires with flush access panels Figure 40. Floor electrical crossover wires with bumped-out access panel Connect Crossovers 66 Method 2: Junction box with conduit 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes are not exposed, access them inside the floor by cutting the bottom board or by removing the access panel(s). Remove the junction box covers. 2. Connect wires. If wire is coiled inside one junction box, insert it into flexible conduit and pass it under the rim joists to the opposing box and make the con- nection as described above. If no coiled wire is provided, install conduit with wire making connections in both boxes (Figure 40). 3. Cover boxes. Replace and secure covers on junction boxes. 4. Seal floor. Replace any displaced insulation and replace access panel or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). Variation to Method 2: A junction box may be installed only on one side with the other side containing conduit behind an access panel. Bring the conduit to other side and make one connection in the junction box. Figure 41. Under the rim joist electrical crossover connection with conduit WALL CROSSOVERS Connect electrical, phone, cable television and stereo speaker wires in marriage walls and/or partition and end walls. If access panels into the marriage walls are not provided, then the connection should have been made prior to bringing the home sections together. If access panels are provided in marriage, end or partition walls, remove the panels, join the wires as described above using the provided snap-connector, junction box or at a receptacle, and re-attach the access panel (Figure 42 for marriage walls and Figure 43 for partitions and end walls). Avoid damaging crossov- er wires. Carefully fold marriage wall crossover wires so they stay within a single bay and are not sandwiched between studs when the sections are pulled together. Figure 42. Inside marriage wall crossover connection Figure 43. Inside partition or end wall electrical crossover connection Connect Crossovers 67 STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded, electrically bond all chassis together as follows (Figure 44): 1. Find lugs. Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. 2. Attach wire. If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wire (#8 minimum bare copper wire) from one side of the home and connect it to the lug provided on the opposing side using a paint penetrating star washer, tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Torque the set screw per the manufacturer’s requirements. Figure 44. Electrical bond- ing of multi-section homes 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided, attach the pro- vided four inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two #8 x 3/4” self-tapping metal screws (one screw each side). STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES Connect water lines inside the floor through access panels or below the bottom board as follows: WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH PANELS 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping caps from ends of water lines, if present. 3. Pull lines. Pull water lines through holes in rim joist or attach shipped loose flex connectors, if applicable (Figure 45). 4. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using flexible pipe or a rigid connector line (if provided) and connector fittings (do not use lubricants or sea- lants). 5. Test. Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor. Securely replace insulation and access panels. Applying cement. Follow cement manufacturer’s in- structions with respect to application and drying time. Allow cement to fully cure before filling pipes with water. Figure 45. Water line cros- sover with access panels Choosing cement type. Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ from the cement used for the DWV system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´[´VWDSOHVDWIRXULQFKHVRFDURXQGERWWRPERDUGXVLQJDGLYHUJHQW VWLWFK VWDSOHURUHTXLYDOHQW*HQHUDOO\RQO\LQVXODWLRQLVQHFHVVDU\WRSURWHFW ZDWHUVXSSO\OLQHVIURPIUHH]LQJZKHQWKHKRPHLVVNLUWHG6RPHKRPHRZQHUV PD\GHVLUHWRSURWHFWWKHLUZDWHUVXSSO\OLQHVZLWKDKHDWWDSH7KLVWDSHPXVW EHDSSURYHGIRUPDQXIDFWXUHGKRPHXVHE\DQDWLRQDOO\UHFRJQL]HGWHVWLQJ DJHQF\DQGEHLQVWDOOHGLQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKPDQXIDFWXUHU¶VLQVWUXFWLRQV$Q HOHFWULFDORXWOHWKDVEHHQSURYLGHGXQGHUWKHKRPHIRUWKHKHDWWDSH7KLVRXW OHWLVSURWHFWHGE\D*URXQG)DXOW&LUFXLW,QWHUUXSWHUDQGVKRXOGQRWEHXVHGIRU DQ\RWKHUSXUSRVH  )LJXUHWater line cross- over through bottom board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¶VOHYHO:KHUHDVORSHRI LQFKSHUIRRWFDQQRWEHPDLQWDLQHGXVHDPLQLPXPVORSHRILQFKSHUIRRW DQGLQVWDOORIDIXOOVL]HFOHDQRXWDWWKHXSSHUPRVWSRLQWRIWKHUXQ )LJXUH  3URYLGLQJUHTXLUHGFOHDU DQFHV3URYLGHWKHGUDLQ RXWOHWZLWKDPLQLPXP FOHDUDQFHRIWKUHHLQFKHV LQDQ\GLUHFWLRQIURPDOO SDUWVRIWKHVWUXFWXUHRU DQ\DSSXUWHQDQFHVDQG ZLWKQRWOHVVWKDQLQFK HVXQUHVWULFWHGFOHDUDQFH GLUHFWO\LQIURQWRIWKHGUDLQ RXWOHW3URYLGHDQ\ FOHDQRXWVZLWKDPLQLPXP FOHDUDQFHRILQFKHVGL UHFWO\LQIURQWRILWVRSHQ LQJ )LJXUHDrain crossover connection )LJXUHDWV system  7HVW$IWHUDOOGUDLQOLQHVKDYHEHHQFRQQHFWHGFRQGXFWDWZRSDUWOHDNDJHWHVW RQWKHFRPSOHWHGGUDLQDJHV\VWHPDVIROORZV x 3DUW:LWKDOOIL[WXUHVFRQQHFWHGDQGDOOWXEDQGVKRZHUGUDLQVSOXJJHG ILOOWKHV\VWHPZLWKZDWHUWRWKHULPRIWKHWRLOHWERZOWKURXJKDKLJKHUIL[ WXUH5HOHDVHDOOWUDSSHGDLUUHSODFHWXEDQGVKRZHUSOXJVEDFNILOOIL[ WXUHVDQGDOORZWKHV\VWHPWRVWDQGDWOHDVWPLQXWHV&KHFNIRUOHDNV 'UDLQWKHV\VWHP,IOHDNVDUHIRXQGUHSDLUDQGUHWHVW x 3DUW3OXJDOOIL[WXUHVVLQNVVKRZHUVDQGWXEVDQGILOOZLWKZDWHU5H OHDVHWKHZDWHULQDOOIL[WXUHVVLPXOWDQHRXVO\WRREWDLQWKHPD[LPXPSRVVL EOHGUDLQSLSLQJIORZ$VZDWHULVGUDLQLQJFKHFNIRUOHDNV,IDQ\DUHIRXQG UHSDLUDQGUHWHVW &RQQHFWWRRXWOHW&RQQHFWWKHPDLQGUDLQOLQHWRWKHVLWHVHZHUVHSWLFKRRN XSXVLQJDQDSSURYHGHODVWRPHUFRXSOLQJRUE\RWKHUPHWKRGVDFFHSWDEOHWR WKH/$+- )LJXUH    &KRRVLQJJOXHV8VHRQO\ VROYHQWVDQGJOXHVFRP SDWLEOHZLWKWKHSLSH $%6 RU39& )ROORZPDQXIDF WXUHU¶VLQVWUXFWLRQV Connect Crossovers 70 Figure 49. DWV connection to sewer/septic 5. Install supports. Install permanent drain line supports at a distance of four feet o.c. or less (see Figure 50). Alternate DWV pipe support may be used if ap- proved by the local authority having jurisdiction. Figure 50. DWV pipe sup- port options Protect pipes from freez- ing. If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, pour antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs and toilets. Be sure that the an- tifreeze is safe for the fix- tures and P-traps. Installing quick discon- nect fittings. Do not use tools, lubricants or sealants with quick disconnect fit- tings. Gas test precautions. Do not connect to gas service until tests described in Connect Utilities have been successfully com- pleted. 6. Insulate. Replace all insulation and repair any tears or openings in bottom board. Connect Crossovers 71 STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES The gas crossover connection may use quick disconnect fittings or threaded connectors. Find the connection location below the floor at the marriage line and gather the connec- tors (they may be shipped loose if not present under the home). For quick disconnect fittings (Figure 51), remove any dust caps and then with one hand, pull back on the quick disconnect device, snap it over the quick disconnect adaptor and release it to complete the connection. For threaded connectors, remove the black cap and nipple (or any other plugs, such as a black iron plug) from both the supply and receiving sides and screw the connector onto the supply and return pipes as necessary. Check for leaks before connecting to gas service (see Connect Utilities, STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE, p. 100). Figure 51. Gas crossover connection Gas Crossover. A quick disconnect may be installed on the gas line crossover, but it may not replace the shut-off valve. A shut-off valve is required on the inlet side of the gas line crossov- er. Installing wiring. When in- stalling telephone and ca- ble television wires, do not damage electrical wires, plumbing lines or ducts. Serious personal injury or death could result from damage to electrical wires. STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING Install telephone and cable television wiring in accordance with the requirements of the LAHJ, the NEC and NFPA No.70-2005. When making crossover connections or instal- ling telephone or cable television wires, do not run them in the same raceway as, or in close proximity to, high voltage electrical conductors or cables. Wires should only be installed by trained professionals. Ź go to Complete the Interior (p. 72) &RPSOHWHWKH ,QWHULRU     &RPSOHWHWKH,QWHULRU 7KLVFKDSWHUFRYHUVWKHFRPSOHWLRQRIWKHKRPH¶VLQWHULRUILQLVKHVLQFOXGLQJILQLVKLQJZDOOVFHLOLQJVIORRULQJWULPDQGPLV FHOODQHRXVLWHPV )ROORZWKH6WHSVEHORZ ź67(3$/,*10$55,$*(:$//6 S  ź67(3),1,6+*<3680%2$5' S  ź67(3&203/(7(&$53(7 S  ź67(3&203/(7(75,0 S  ź67(3,167$//6+,3/226(,7(06 S   67(3$/,*10$55,$*(:$//6 $OLJQDQGVHFXUHZDOOVDWPDUULDJHOLQHRSHQLQJVDVIROORZV $OLJQZDOOV$OLJQZDOOVDQGFODPSLQSODFH )DVWHQZDOOV6HFXUHFODPSHGZDOOVWRJHWKHUZLWKPHWDOVWUDSVRUORQJ VFUHZVVRWKH\GRQRWPRYHZKHQWKHFODPSVDUHUHPRYHG,QVHUWZRRG ZHGJHVLQJDSVEHWZHHQZDOOVDQGJOXHDQGVFUHZWRFUHDWHDWLJKWFRQQHF WLRQ )LOOJDSV)LOODQ\UHPDLQLQJJDSVZLWKZRRGRUVKHDWKLQJPDWHULDO  'RHVWKHKRPHUHTXLUHSDWFKLQJDQGILQLVKLQJJ\SVXPERDUGZDOOVRUFHLO LQJV" Ź <(6JRWR67(3),1,6+*<3680%2$5' S  Ź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¶VGLUHFWLRQV 3DLQW:KHQWKHILQDOFRDWRIPXGLVGU\VDQGSULPHDQGSDLQWDOOXQILQLVKHG J\SVXPERDUGWRPDWFKH[LVWLQJSDLQWFRORUDQGILQLVKWH[WXUH )DVWHQLQJJ\SVXP:KHQ DWWDFKLQJJ\SVXPERDUG GHSUHVVEXWGRQRWEUHDN WKHSDSHUIDFHZLWKWKHIDV WHQHU%UHDNLQJWKHSDSHU ZLOOZHDNHQWKHFRQQHFWLRQ 8VLQJDOWHUQDWLYHPDWHULDOV 2EWDLQWKHKRPHPDQXIDF WXUHU¶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¶VGLUHFWLRQV Complete the Interior 73 tions overlap. Using NON STAINING CHALK, snap a line on the top edge across the length of the seam. Make sure the line overlaps both sides of the carpet. 4. Making the guide cuts. Make 1 inch long cuts through BOTH pieces of car- pet every 2 feet. 5. Making the seam cut. Flip the carpet edges face down. Place a straight edge on the backing lined up with the guide cuts. Cut the carpet along this line. Re- peat for each piece of carpet. 6. Sealing the seam. Using liquid latex carpet sealer or specifically designed hot glue sticks (for carpet sealing) apply a thin bead of the sealer to the raw edges of both sides of the carpet. Carpet seam sealers contain an ultraviolet marker that glows when exposed to a blacklight. 7. Starting the seam. Set the seaming iron to 2 or 3. Center the seaming tape under the pieces of carpet. Place the iron on the seaming tape. Leave it in place until the adhesive softens. When the adhesive has softened the iron will slide easily, but there will be no smoke. 8. Completing the seam. Slide the iron until its back edge slightly overlaps the place where its front edge was. Press the edges of the carpet together in the softened adhesive. Roll the Seam Tractor over the section to further press the backing into the adhesive. The Seam Tractor should be of the solid roller type, as a Star Wheeled Tractor can damage the hot carpet fibers. Place the NON- HEAT-CONDUCTIVE (plastic or wood) weight over the completed seam. Check the next section of the seaming tape to see that it has softened. If so, repeat this step until all seams have been completed. Continue moving the weight as you move. 9. Blending the seam. Roll the seam tractor slightly across the seam to blend the carpet fibers. Carpet should be cool before tractoring. 10. Keep scraps. Retain reasonable size carpet scraps to protect carpet and flooring during move-in. STEP 4. COMPLETE TRIM Using fine gauge wire staples or pin nails install ship loose molding and wainscot pane- ling to finish trimming out ceilings, marriage line walls, front and rear end walls and passageway doors where necessary. STEP 5. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS Remove all strapping, blocking and packaging from appliances, windows and doors. Install any drapes, mini-blinds, mirrors, door stops, closet shelves and hardware per the product manufacturer’s installation instructions. may void the carpet war- ranty. Stagger seams. Stager all seams. For ex- ample, locate the carpet pad seam three inches to left of marriage line and the carpet seam three inches to right of marriage line. Carpet Manufacturers will not warranty their product if carpet seam sealer is not used at the seam. Proceed based on the foundation type: Ź Pier and ground anchor, go to Install Stabilizing Systems, (p. 74) Ź Load bearing perimeter wall, go to Connect Utilities (p. 95). ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ6\VWHPV 7KLVFKDSWHUFRYHUVWKHGHVLJQDQGLQVWDOODWLRQRIWKHVWDELOL]LQJV\VWHPZKLFKVHFXUHVWKHKRPHDJDLQVWODWHUDODQGXS ZDUGIRUFHVFDXVHGE\ZLQG7KHV\VWHPFRYHUHGKHUHXVHVHDUWK RUJURXQG DQFKRUVDQGVWHHOVWUDSVFRQQHFWHGWRWKH KRPH¶VORQJLWXGLQDOVWHHOEHDPVDQGRUH[WHULRUZDOOV6WDELOL]HUSODWHVPD\DOVREHXVHGWRSUHYHQWWKHDQFKRUKHDGIURP PRYLQJODWHUDOO\LQWKHJURXQG$QDQFKRUVWUDSDQGVWDELOL]HUSODWH LIXVHG WRJHWKHUDUHUHIHUUHGWRDVDWLHGRZQ   )ROORZWKH6WHSVEHORZ ź67(3'(7(50,1($1&+25/2&$7,216 S  ź67(3'(7(50,1(7,('2:1&21),*85$7,21 S  ź67(36(/(&7$1&+256 S  ź67(3,167$//$1&+256 S  ź67(3,167$//675$36 S  ź67(37,*+7(1$1'$'-867675$36 S   67(3'(7(50,1($1&+25/2&$7,216 &UHDWHDVNHWFKRIWKHKRPHSODQVKRZLQJWKHH[WHULRUZDOOVPDUULDJHOLQH V  LIDQ\  DQGIUDPH,EHDPV WKLVZLOOEHVLPLODUWRWKHEDVHVNHWFKFUHDWHGLQ,QVWDOO)RRWLQJV SDJH  6HH7DEOHIRUDOLVWRIDQFKRUORFDWLRQVW\SHVDQGZKHUHWKH\DUHUHTXLUHG3DJH QXPEHUVZKHUHWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVDUHSURYLGHGDUHQRWHGLQWKHODVWFROXPQ $VHDFKDQFKRUORFDWLRQLVGHWHUPLQHGPDUNLWRQWKHVNHWFKQRWLQJLPSRUWDQWGLPHQ VLRQVVXFKDVVSDFLQJEHWZHHQDQFKRUV:KHQFRPSOHWHWKLVZLOOEHWKHKRPH¶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¶VLQVWUXFWLRQVDUHJLV WHUHGHQJLQHHURUUHJLVWHUHG DUFKLWHFWPXVWGHVLJQWKH VWDELOL]LQJV\VWHP$OWHUQDWH IRXQGDWLRQGHVLJQVPXVWEH DSSURYHGE\WKHPDQXIDF WXUXUHUDQG'$3,$5HIHUWR SDJHIRUGLUHFWLRQVIRURE WDLQLQJDYDLODEOHDSSURYHG GHVJQV            Install Stabilizing Systems 75 Figure 52 and Figure 53 illustrate typical anchor locations for a double section home in Wind Zone I and Wind Zones II and III respectively. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use in flood or seismic hazard areas. In those areas a registered engineer or registered archi- tect must design the stabiliz- ing system. Alternate foun- dation designs must be ap- proved by the manufac- tururer and DAPIA. Figure 52. Typical anchor lo- cations for a double section home in Wind Zone I SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 18, 19 and 20 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi-section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Keep in mind that sidewall frame tie downs must be located no more than two feet from each end of home. Figure 53. Typical anchor lo- cations for a double section home in Wind Zones II or III Maximum spacing require- ments. 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Wind Zone 2 & 3 Near Beam Frame Tiedown When the angle of the near beam frame tiedown strap exceeds 60 degrees the tiedown strap must be installed to the far beam frame as shown below. Wind Zone 2 & 3 Far Beam Frame Tiedown ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max.18ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 112" 95.5" 99.5" 112" 99.5" 25"6'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ6"* 11'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA 7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ8"* 11'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ4"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA 6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ8" 80"NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* NA 7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ8" 25"5'Ͳ0"* NA 10'Ͳ9"* 9'Ͳ5"* 6'Ͳ4" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA 6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ4"* 10'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ0"*NA 7'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ8" 80"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ6"* NA 6'Ͳ4"* 6'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ0" 25"4'Ͳ4"* NA 9'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA 5'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ6" 8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ0"* 11'Ͳ8" 11'Ͳ6" 10'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ4"* NA 6'Ͳ8"* 6'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ8" 80"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ0"* NA 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ8" 7'Ͳ4" 25"NA NA 8'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ4"* 11'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ4" 12'Ͳ0" 9'Ͳ6" 48"NA NA 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ6"* 7'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ4" 10'Ͳ6" 10'Ͳ0" 8'Ͳ8" 12'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ0"* NA 6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ8" 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18.SINGLESECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 16ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 14ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 10ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 12ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing  Max. Max. Wall Floor Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 25"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 67"9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 80"9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 25"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 67"8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ0"* 80"7'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ0"* 25"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"12'Ͳ0"* 67"7'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ0"* 80"6'Ͳ8"* 6'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ0"* 25"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 67"7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ6"* 7'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ0"* 80"6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ4"* 7'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ4"* 8'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ4"* 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18a.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 32ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 28ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing         7KH³ ³OLVWHGDIWHUDQ\WLHGRZQVSDFLQJVLJQLILHVWKDWDGHJUHHDQJOHKDVEHHQH[FHHGHGDQGDQDGGLWLRQDOVWUDSPXVW EHDGGHGWRWKHIDUEHDP    ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      Max. Max.36ftMax.Width 42ftMax.Width 48ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 67"9'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ0"* 80"9'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ0"* 25"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 67"8'Ͳ4"*8'Ͳ0"*7'Ͳ8"* 80"8'Ͳ4"*8'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ0"* 25"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 67"7'Ͳ6"*7'Ͳ4"*7'Ͳ4"* 80"7'Ͳ6"*7'Ͳ4"*7'Ͳ4"* 25"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 48"12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0"*12'Ͳ0" 67"6'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ8"* 80"6'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ8"* 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18b.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12  Max. Max. Wall Floor Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 112" 25"12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 11'Ͳ0" 12'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ4" 8'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ8" 11'Ͳ4" 48"10'Ͳ8"* 10'Ͳ0"* 11'Ͳ6"* 11'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ8"* 11'Ͳ8"* 11'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4" 12'Ͳ0"* 67"5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ4"* 6'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ6"* 80"5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 25"11'Ͳ4"* 12'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ0"* 12'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ4"10'Ͳ6" 10'Ͳ0" 48"9'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ4"* 10'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ8"* 10'Ͳ8"* 10'Ͳ6"* 7'Ͳ6" 10'Ͳ8"* 67"5'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 6'Ͳ0"* 6'Ͳ0"* 80"4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"* 25"9'Ͳ0"* 11'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ0" 9'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4" 6'Ͳ8" 9'Ͳ8" 9'Ͳ4" 48"8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ8"*9'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ6"* 6'Ͳ8" 10'Ͳ0"* 67"5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18c.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH5/12 32ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 28ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing               7KH³ ³OLVWHGDIWHUDQ\WLHGRZQVSDFLQJVLJQLILHVWKDWDGHJUHHDQJOHKDVEHHQH[FHHGHGDQGDQDGGLWLRQDOVWUDSPXVW EHDGGHGWRWKHIDUEHDP ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max. 36ftMax.Width 42ftMax.Width 48ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"12'Ͳ0"*10'Ͳ0"11'Ͳ6" 48"11'Ͳ8"*12'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ0" 67"5'Ͳ4"*5'Ͳ6"*5'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ0"* 25"12'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ0"10'Ͳ4" 48"10'Ͳ8"*11'Ͳ0"*7'Ͳ4" 67"5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ4"*5'Ͳ4"* 80"4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"* 25"11'Ͳ8"*8'Ͳ0"9'Ͳ6" 48"9'Ͳ8"*10'Ͳ0"*6'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ0"* 80"4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18d.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH5/12   Max. Max.28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"11'Ͳ8"* 12'Ͳ0"* 10'Ͳ0" 11'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ0"10'Ͳ4" 48"9'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ4"* 10'Ͳ6"* 10'Ͳ0"*10'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ4" 67"5'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ6"*5'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ0"* 80"4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ4"*5'Ͳ6"* 25"9'Ͳ6"* 11'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ0" 9'Ͳ4"*8'Ͳ0"9'Ͳ6" 48"9'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ8" 67"5'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ5"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ6"*5'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ0"* 25"7'Ͳ8"* 9'Ͳ6"* 8'Ͳ4" 7'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ6"8'Ͳ8" 48"8'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4"*8'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ0" 67"4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ6"* 80"4'Ͳ0"* NA 4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18e.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH6/12 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing   Max. Max. 36ftMax.Width 42ftMax.Width 48ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"12'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ4"9'Ͳ8" 48"10'Ͳ0"*10'Ͳ0"*6'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ0"* 80"4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"* 25"11'Ͳ0"*7'Ͳ8"8'Ͳ8" 48"9'Ͳ4"*9'Ͳ6"*6'Ͳ4" 67"4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ6"* 25"10'Ͳ4"*7'Ͳ0"8'Ͳ0" 48"8'Ͳ6"*8'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ4"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18f.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH6/12  7KH³ ³OLVWHGDIWHUDQ\WLHGRZQVSDFLQJVLJQLILHVWKDWDGHJUHHDQJOHKDVEHHQH[FHHGHGDQGDQDGGLWLRQDOVWUDSPXVW EHDGGHGWRWKHIDUEHDP   ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      Max. Max.28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"9'Ͳ8"* 11'Ͳ4"* 9'Ͳ0" 9'Ͳ6"*8'Ͳ0"9'Ͳ4" 48"9'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ6"* 9'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ6"*6'Ͳ8" 67"5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 5'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ6"*5'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ6"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ0"* 25"8'Ͳ0"* 9'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ4" 7'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ6"8'Ͳ6" 48"8'Ͳ4"*7'Ͳ8"*8'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ6"*8'Ͳ8"*6'Ͳ0" 67"4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ4"* 5'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ4"* 80"4'Ͳ0"* NA 4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"* 25"6'Ͳ8"* 8'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ8" 6'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ0"8'Ͳ0" 48"7'Ͳ8"* 7'Ͳ0"* 8'Ͳ0"* 7'Ͳ8"*8'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ6"* 4'Ͳ0"* 4'Ͳ8"* 4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0"* 80"NA NA 4'Ͳ4"* 4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ8"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18g.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH7/12 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing   Max. Max.36ftMax.Width 42ftMax.Width 48ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"10'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ4"8'Ͳ4" 48"9'Ͳ0"*9'Ͳ0"*5'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ8"*4'Ͳ8"* 80"4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ4"* 25"10'Ͳ0"*6'Ͳ8"7'Ͳ8" 48"8'Ͳ0"*8'Ͳ4"*5'Ͳ6" 67"4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ6"*4'Ͳ6"* 80"NA 4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ0"* 25"9'Ͳ0"*6'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ0" 48"7'Ͳ8"*7'Ͳ8"*5'Ͳ0" 67"4'Ͳ0"*4'Ͳ4"*4'Ͳ4"* 80"NA NA 4'Ͳ0"* 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE18h.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE1FRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH7/12                  7KH³ ³OLVWHGDIWHUDQ\WLHGRZQVSDFLQJVLJQLILHVWKDWDGHJUHHDQJOHKDVEHHQH[FHHGHGDQGDQDGGLWLRQDOVWUDSPXVW EHDGGHGWRWKHIDUEHDP ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max.18ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 99.5" 25"NA NA 4'Ͳ4" 4'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ8" 7'Ͳ0" 8'Ͳ0" 8'Ͳ0" 8'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ8" 7'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ8" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 25"NA NA NA NA 6'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ0" 7'Ͳ0" 7'Ͳ0" 7'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ4" 5'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ6" 25"NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ4" 6'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ4" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ6" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA 4'Ͳ6" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 25"NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ4" 4'Ͳ4" 5'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19.SINGLESECTIONͲWINDZONE2NEARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 16ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 14ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 10ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 12ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing   Max. Max. Wall Floor Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 25"5'Ͳ0" NA 6'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4" 7'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ8" 7'Ͳ8" 7'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA NA 4'Ͳ6" 4'Ͳ0" 6'Ͳ4" 5'Ͳ8" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ6" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"4'Ͳ4" NA 6'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4" NA 6'Ͳ4" 6'Ͳ0" 7'Ͳ0" 7'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ4" 5'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ4" 4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ4" 6'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ6" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ6" 67'NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA 4'Ͳ8"NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 6'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ4" 4'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19a.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2NEARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 32ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 28ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing       ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      Max. Max.12ftMax.Width 14ftMax.Width 16ftMax.Width 18ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5"99.5" 25"5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 48"5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 67"5'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 80"5'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 25"4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ4" 48"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ4" 67"4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ4" 80"4'Ͳ6" 4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ4" 25"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8" 48"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8" 80"NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8" 25"NA NANA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19b.SINGLESECTIONͲWINDZONE2FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 10ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing  Max. Max.28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"8'Ͳ4"8'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ8" 48"7'Ͳ8"7'Ͳ8"7'Ͳ8"7'Ͳ8"7'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8" 67"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ6"7'Ͳ4" 80"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ0" 25"7Ͳ6"7'Ͳ4"7'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ6" 48"7'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ0"7'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ8" 67'6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8" 80"6'Ͳ6"6'Ͳ6"6'Ͳ6"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ6" 25"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ6"6'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ0" 48"6'Ͳ4"6'Ͳ4"6'Ͳ4"6'Ͳ4"6'Ͳ4"6'Ͳ4" 67"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 80"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0" 25"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0" 48"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ8" 67"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8" 80"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ6"5'Ͳ6" 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19c.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing  ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max. Wall Floor Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 25"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19d.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2NEARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH5/12 32ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 28ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing   Max. Max. 20ftMax.Width 24ftMax.Width 28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"NA 48"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 67"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 80"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA 25"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA NA 48"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA 67"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA NA 80"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA 48"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE19e.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH5/12   Max. Max. 20ftMax.Width 24ftMax.Width 28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"NA NA 48"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA 67"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA NA 80"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA 48"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA 8ft 9ft TABLE19f.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH6/12       ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      Max. Max. 20ftMax.Width 24ftMax.Width 28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5"95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 48"4'Ͳ0"NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA 8ft TABLE19g.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE2FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH7/12    Max. Max.18ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 99.5" 25"NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ6" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA 4'Ͳ8" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 25"NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ6" 4'Ͳ4" 5'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ6" 4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8" 48'NA NA NANANANANANA 4'Ͳ0" 67'NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE20.SINGLESECTIONͲWINDZONE3NEARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 16ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 14ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 10ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 12ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing   Max. Max. Wall Floor Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 95.5" 99.5" 25"4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ6" 4'Ͳ0" NA 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ6" 6'Ͳ4" 6'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA 5'Ͳ0" NA NA 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ8" 5'Ͳ8" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ4" 4'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA 4'Ͳ6" NA NA 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ6" 5'Ͳ0" 5'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA 4'Ͳ0" NA NA 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ8" 4'Ͳ8' 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE20a.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE3NEARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 32ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 28ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing  ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max.12ftMax.Width 14ftMax.Width 16ftMax.Width 18ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5"99.5" 25"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 48"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 67"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 80"4'Ͳ0" 4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 25"NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 48"NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 67"NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 80"NA NA NA 4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0" 25"NA NA NA NA NA NA 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA 25"NA NA NA NA NA NA 48"NA NA NA NA NA NA 67"NA NA NA NA NA NA 80"NA NA NA NA NA NA 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE20b.SINGLESECTIONͲWINDZONE3FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 10ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing  Max. Max.28ftMax.Width 32ftMax.Width Wall Floor IͲBeamSpacing IͲBeamSpacing Height Height 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 79.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 95.5"Ͳ99.5" 25"5'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ0" 48"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ8" 67"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"6'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ4" 80"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8" 25"5'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ0"NA 48"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ8"5'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ6" 67'5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4"5'Ͳ4" 80"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0" 25"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ4"NA NA 48"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"5'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ4" 67"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 80"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8" 25"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"4'Ͳ0"NA NA 48"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ8"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ0" 67"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ6"4'Ͳ6" 80"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4"4'Ͳ4" 7ft 8ft 9ft 10ft TABLE20c.MULTISECTIONͲWINDZONE3FARIͲBEAMFRAMETIEDOWNSPACING(FT)ͲMAX.ROOFPITCH4.36/12 20ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing 24ftMax.Width IͲBeamSpacing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´RIWKHPDLQ,EHDP 127( )ULFWLRQLVDVVXPHGWRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHUHVLVWDQFHLQWKHORQJLWXGLQDOGLUHFWLRQZKHQ SLHUVDUHQRPRUHWKDQ´KLJK)ULFWLRQIURPDVLQJOHEORFNSLHULVDVVXPHGIRUSLHUV OHVVWKDQ´KLJK)ULFWLRQIURPDGRXEOHEORFNSLHULVDVVXPHGIRUSLHUVEHWZHHQ´ DQG´KLJK   Max. Max. Roof Pier Pitch Height 36' 42' 48' 54' 60' 66' 72' 80' 36' 42' 48' 54' 60' 66' 72' 80' 36' 42' 48' 54' 60' 66' 72' 80' 24"110000001100000032100000 36"111110003221110044332211 44"000000000000000010000000 52"100000001000000021000000 64"111100002211100043321100 24"3210000043211000 36"4322211165443322 44"2000000021000000 52"2100000032100000 64"3222110054433211 7 SingleSection (18ftMax.FloorWidth) MultiSection (32ftMax.FloorWidth) MinimumUnitLengthsMinimumUnitLengths TripleSection (48ftMax.FloorWidth) MinimumUnitLengths TABLE21.WINDZONE1LONGITUDINALFRAMETIEDOWNQUANTITIES(QUANTITYEACHENDOFHOME) 4.36   Max. Max. Wall Roof Height Pitch 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 20ft 24ft 28ft 32ft 36ft 48ft 7ft 4.36 12222334456 7.5ft 4.36 12222334457 4.36 22222334457 5 NA NA NA NA NA 3 3 4 4 5 7 6 NA NA NA NA NA 3 3 4 5 5 8 7 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 4 5 6 8 4.36 22223334557 5 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 4 5 6 8 6 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 4 5 6 8 7 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 5 5 6 9 4.36 22233344568 5 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 4 5 6 8 6 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 5 5 6 9 7 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 5 6 6 9 8ft 9ft 10ft PIERHEIGHTGREATERTHAN64"ͲWINDZONE1LONGITUDINALFRAMETIEDOWNQUANTITIES(QUANTITYEACHENDOFHOME) Max.HomeWidth SingleSection MultiSection Triple    ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV    Max. Max. Wall Roof Height Pitch 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 20ft 24ft 28ft 32ft 36ft 48ft 3 22333455689 4.36 223334567910 3 223334566910 4.36 233344567911 3 233344567910 4.36 2333445671011 5 NANANANANA45671012 6 NANANANANA56781112 7 NANANANANA56781213 3 2334445671011 4.36 2334456781112 5 NANANANANA56781113 6 NANANANANA56781213 7 NANANANANA56791214 3 3334456781012 4.36 3344456781113 5 NANANANANA56791213 6 NANANANANA56891214 7 NANANANANA57891315 10ft SingleSection MultiSection 7ft 7.5ft Triple TABLE22.WINDZONE2LONGITUDINALFRAMETIEDOWNQUANTITIES(EACHENDOFHOME) Max.HomeWidth 8ft 9ft   Max. Max. Wall Roof Height Pitch 10ft 12ft 14ft 16ft 18ft 20ft 24ft 28ft 32ft 36ft 48ft 3 2334445671011 4.36 2334456781112 3 2334456781012 4.36 3334456781113 3 3334456781112 4.36 3344456791213 5 NANANANANA56891214 6 NANANANANA57891315 7 NA NA NA NA NA 6 7 8 10 14 16 3 3344556891213 4.36 3344567891314 5 NANANANANA67891315 6 NA NA NA NA NA 6 7 9 10 14 16 7 NA NA NA NA NA 6 7 9 10 15 17 3 3445567891314 4.36 34455679101415 5 NA NA NA NA NA 6 7 9 10 14 16 6 NA NA NA NA NA 6 8 9 11 15 17 7 NA NA NA NA NA 6 8 10 11 16 18 Triple TABLE23.WINDZONE3LONGITUDINALFRAMETIEDOWNQUANTITIES(EACHENDOFHOME) Max.HomeWidth 8ft 9ft 10ft SingleSection MultiSection 7ft 7.5ft            ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      0$55,$*(/,1(9(57,&$/$1&+256 :,1'=21(6,,$1',,,21/<  ,Q:LQG=RQHV,,DQG,,,PDUULDJHOLQHDQFKRUVDUHUHTXLUHGDWHDFKFROXPQDORQJWKH PDUULDJHZDOO 7KHUHPD\EHPDQXIDFWXUHULQVWDOOHGEUDFNHWVLQGLFDWLQJUHTXLUHGWLHGRZQORFDWLRQV PD\EHLGHQWLILHGE\WDJVRUSDLQW ,IEUDFNHWVDUHQRWSUHVHQWWKHQDQDOWHUQDWLYHDF 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n-line anchor con- figuration )LJXUH Stabilizer plate configuration  $QFKRUDOLJQPHQW3URSHUO\ DOLJQLQJWKHDQFKRULVFULWLFDO WRSHUIRUPDQFH  6WDELOL]HU3ODWH&RQILJXUDWLRQ 6WDELOL]HUSODWHFRQILJXUDWLRQV )LJXUH DUHVXLWDEOHIRUKRPHVLQDOOZLQG]RQHV$Q FKRUVPD\EHLQVWDOOHGDIWHUWKHKRPHLVVHW$VWDELOL]HUGHYLFHW\SLFDOO\DQ$%6RU PHWDOSODWHLVXVHGWRSUHYHQWWKHWRSRIWKHDQFKRUIURPVOLFLQJWKURXJKWKHVRLOZKHQ WKHORDGLVDSSOLHG6WDELOL]HUSODWHVDUHDYDLODEOHLQDYDULHW\RIZLGWKV&KRRVHWKH ZLGHVWSODWHWKDWFDQEHGULYHQLQWRWKHVRLOWRPD[LPL]HUHVLVWDQFHWRPRYHPHQW7KH /$+-PD\KDYHVWDELOL]HUSODWHUHTXLUHPHQWV  Install Stabilizing Systems 91 Install anchors with stabilizer plates as follows: 1. Measure. To determine the stabilizer plate location, measure from the top of the I-beam to the ground directly under it and then use the same measure- ment directly away from that point under the beam (Figure 57). The anchor and plate must be under the home, but within six inches of the exterior wall for a near beam set and ten inches minimum from the exterior wall for a far beam set. Be careful not to place in a location that will interfere with skirting. Figure 57. Determining anc- hor and stabilizer plate loca- tion 2. Install anchor. To assure that the anchor attachment point will end up at the stabilizer plate, start the anchor insertion approximately 12 inches back from from the desired location if using a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 inches if using a 60 inch long anchor. Install the anchor at about 10 degrees off vertical, with the head tilted away from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of approximately one half its length. 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step 1. 4. Complete anchor installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. When the anc- hor strap is properly tensioned it will pull the anchor head and shaft into the stabilizer plate. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect straps from the home to sidewall frame, end wall frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp corners including around I-beams with radius clips or other methods (Figure 58). Radius clips may be fabricated from galvanized steel strap formed to fit around corners. Install Stabilizing Systems 92 Figure 58. Radius clips SPLICING STRAPS Splicing may be required when a pre-cut strap is of insufficient length. Splices must be made by overlapping the straps by 12 inches, applying one splice clip from above and the other from below; use a crimping tool to tightly seal the splice clips (Figure 59). Do not run any portion of the splice through an anchor head bolt. Figure 59. Tie down strap splice FRAME ANCHORS Install straps to frame anchors as follows: 1. Connect strap to home. Connect one end of the strap to the top of the I- beam using approved buckles or clips (swivel or hook clip preferred). When frame ties are connected to the bottom of the beam it must be within 3” of a crossmember. Figure 60. Strap to beam connection 2. Connect strap to anchor. Connect the other end of the strap to the split bolt in the anchor. Leave enough strap length to be able to make three complete turns,or minimum required per manufacturer’s installation instructions, around the bolt before it becomes tight (approximately 2-1/2 inches per turn or 13 inches total). Fewer than three turns, or required per manufacturer’s installa- tion instructions, and the strap may not hold onto the bolt when force is ap- plied. Conversely, too many turns may not fit within the U-channel of the anc- hor head. Follow the procedure outlined in Figure 61. Install Stabilizing Systems 93 Figure 61. Procedure for connecting the strap to frame and anchor 3. Pretension anchor. For anchors with stabilizer plates, pretension the anchor by pulling it up to the stabilizer plate using the strap and take-up bolt to move the anchor head. Continue pulling the strap until the plate moves a small amount (about 1/2 inch). This is called packing the plate and it will yield the strongest resistance (the bottom of the anchor head should be a maximum one inch above the top of the stabilizer plate). LONGITUDINAL FRAME ANCHORS Attach straps to the bracket welded by the manufacturer to the frame (Figure 62). If no brackets have been installed, use approved beam clamps designed specifically for this purpose, available from anchor suppliers or connect the strap to a spring hanger or a crossmember (within 3” of the main I-beam). Connect straps to anchors following same procedure as for sidewall frame anchors. Protection of the strap at sharp corners must be provided (p.91). Anchor head location. As the anchor is pulled up to meet the stabilizer plate, the head of the anchor will rise. In its final position, the bot- tom of the anchor head should be no more than 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate. Figure 62. Longitudinal frame anchor attachment method ,QVWDOO6WDELOL]LQJ 6\VWHPV      )LJXUHSidewall and mar- riage line vertical tie down connections.  67(37,*+7(1$1'$'-867675$36 $IWHUDOODQFKRUVKDYHEHHQLQVWDOOHGDQGSUHWHQVLRQHGUHFKHFNDOODQFKRUVWUDSVWR DVVXUHWKDWWKH\DUHWLJKWDQGWKDWWKHDQFKRUVKDIWVKDYHUHPDLQHGLQFRQWDFWZLWKWKH VWDELOL]HUSODWHV'RQRWRYHUWHQVLRQVWUDSV  ŹJRWR&RQQHFW8WLOLWLHV S    Connect Utilities 95 Connect Utilities This chapter contains procedures and requirements for the connection and testing of utility hook-ups. Responsibility for making utility connections varies by location. Consult the LAHJ and the utility before connecting the home to any utilities. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE (p. 95) ź STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE (p. 98) ź STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE (p. 100) ź STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE (p. 102) STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE The home is designed for connection to an electrical wiring system rated at 120/240 volt AC. Service connection requirements depend on whether the meter will be in- stalled on a post or pole or mounted on the home more than 6 feet from the circuit breaker panel. It is recommended that this connection be performed by a licensed elec- trician. METER MOUNTED ON POST OR POLE (OR MOUNTED ON THE HOME MORE THAN 6 FEET FROM THE CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL) Feeder Wire and Equipment Sizes The feeder must contain four continuous insulated, color-coded, feeder conductors, with one used as the equipment grounding conductor (Figure 64). The current rating (in amperes) of the home can be found on the tag located on the outside next to the feeder or service entrance, and on the electrical distribution panel. Using this infor- mation, determine the required feeder wire size from Table 26. These sizes are based on an ambient temperature of 86 degrees Fahrenheit and do not take voltage drop into consideration. Acceptable conductor types are: RHH, RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW2, THWN, THWN-2, XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, and USE-2. Special precautions when installing electrical ser- vice. Installation of the electric power to the home can cause exposure to live electrical circuits. The neu- tral conductor must not be grounded in the distribution panel board. Exposure to live electrical circuits or im- proper grounding of the conductor in the panel board may result in severe shock or possible electro- cution. A qualified installer must make the connections for the electric power. Figure 64. Electrical feeder connection when meter is on a post or pole or mounted on the home more than 6 feet from the circuit breaker pan- el. Power supply. A large enough power supply must be available at the site. An inadequate power supply may result in improper op- eration of and possible damage to motors and ap- pliances. It may also in- crease electricity costs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¶VGLVWULEXWLRQSDQHOERDUG7KLVJURXQGVDOOQRQFXUUHQWFDUU\LQJPHWDO SDUWVWRWKHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPLQWKHKRPHDWDVLQJOHSRLQW7KHJURXQGFRQGXFWRURIWKH SRZHUVXSSO\IHHGHUFDEOHLQWXUQFRQQHFWVWKHJURXQGLQJEDUWRDJRRGHOHFWULFDO JURXQGEDFNWKURXJKWKHSRZHUVXSSO\V\VWHP7KHUHIRUHIRUYROWVHUYLFHD IRXUZLUHSRZHUVXSSO\IHHGHUFDEOHLVUHTXLUHG,WLVLPSRUWDQWWR x ,VRODWH LQVXODWH JURXQGHGFLUFXLWFRQGXFWRU QHXWUDORUZKLWHZLUH IURPWKH JURXQGLQJFRQGXFWRUV JUHHQZLUHV DQGIURPHTXLSPHQWHQFORVXUHVDQGRWK HUJURXQGHGSDUWV x ,VRODWH LQVXODWH WKHQHXWUDOFLUFXLWWHUPLQDOVLQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQSDQHOERDUG DQGLQUDQJHVFORWKHVGU\HUVDQGFRXQWHUPRXQWHGFRRNLQJXQLWVIURPWKH HTXLSPHQWHQFORVXUH )HHGHU&RQQHFWLRQV )HHGHUFRQQHFWLRQVDUHPDGHIURPDERYHRUIURPEHORZWKHKRPHDVIROORZV x )URPDERYH²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x )URPEHORZ²XQGHUVLGHMXQFWLRQER[IHHGHU$VHFWLRQRIFRQGXLWLVIDFWRU\LQ VWDOOHGWKURXJKWKHIORRUFDYLW\&RQQHFWWRWKDWFRQGXLWZLWKDSSURYHGILWWLQJV DQGFRQGXLW QRWSURYLGHGZLWKWKHKRPH WRWKHSRLQWZKHUHWKHVHUYLFHHQ WUDQFHFDEOHHQWHUVWKHFUDZOVSDFH,QVWDOOSURSHUO\VL]HGVHUYLFHHQWUDQFH FRQGXFWRUVIURPWKHPDLQSRZHUVXSSO\WRWKHSDQHOERDUG'HSHQGLQJRQWKH ORFDWLRQRIWKHPDLQSDQHOERDUGLQVLGHWKHKRPHRUWKHSRLQWDWZKLFKWKH Connect Utilities 97 service entrance conductors enter the crawl space, a separate service dis- connect may be required. Refer to Table 26 for the conductor and junction box requirements. The installer must provide the supply connection including the four feeder conductors, junction box and conduit connectors. Protect con- ductors emerging from the ground from a minimum of 18 inches below grade to eight feet above grade, or to the point of entrance to the home. The dis- tance measured from the top surface of a buried cable, conduit, or raceway to the finished grade must meet the minimum burial requirements outlined in the NEC. Use a moisture-proof bushing at the end of the conduit from which the buried cable emerges. METER MOUNTED ON HOME WITHIN 6 FEET OF CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL If the meter is mounted on the home, the following requirements apply (refer to Figure 65): x Use straps to support any conduit. Do not use the meter base equipment for support. x Use exterior equipment and enclosures listed as weatherproof and entrance conductors listed for wet locations. x The grounding bar may be installed separate from the neutral bar for purpos- es of testing the electrical system. x The grounding bar may be isolated during the electrical check and re- attached, after the tests are completed. x Check with the local electrical utility to verify meter base requirements and lo- cations and distances for the main panel and meter box. x The field installed meter base enclosure must be installed in accordance with its listing. Fasten securely to exterior wall studs and provide for a weather tight seal. x All field work must be done by a licensed electrician or other person approved by the LAHJ. x Check the local code for any requirements regarding the location of the meter base. Note that bonding, screws, straps, or buses in the distribution panel board or in appli- ances have been removed and discarded at the manufacturing facility. Figure 65. Meter base wiring when the meter is on the home within 6 feet of Circuit Breaker Panel. Connect Utilities 98 When a factory installed service meter base is provided on a home, a grounding elec- trode conductor and a ground wire must be installed according to the following specifi- cations: 1. Grounding wire to be #6 minimum bare copper provided by the manufacturer. If manufacturer provides a minimum 1/2 inch EMT or conduit raceway, the #6 minimum bare copper wire is provided by the retailer for installation. 2. The clamp connecting the grounding wire to the electrode shall be suitable for direct burial and located flush or below ground level. 3. Use a 5/8 inch diameter by eight foot long iron electrode for grounding. Larger sizes may be required by LAHJ. 4. Drive the electrode to a depth of not less than eight feet so that at least eight feet of the electrode is in contact with the soil. 5. When rock is encountered, the electrode may be driven at an angle not to ex- ceed 45 degrees from vertical or buried in a trench that is at least 2-1/2 feet deep. TESTING After your home has been completely assembled and all accessories installed, it should be tested to ensure that no damage occurred during transit and that all electrical connections were properly performed (TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM pg. 111). These tests should be performed by qualified personnel familiar with the local codes and required test procedures. STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE CONNECTION To connect the home’s water system to the water source, identify the water inlet lo- cated under the home (usually below the water heater compartment or utility room) and follow the procedure described below (refer to Figure 66): 1. Flush pipe. Flush field installed water piping free of all debris prior to connec- tion to the home’s water inlet. 2. Clean threads. Ensure that pipe threads are clean. 3. Install pressure-reducing valve. If the local water supply exceeds 80 psi in- stall a pressure-reducing valve. 4. Connect valve. Install a main shut-off valve between the water supply and the home. Locate the riser for the shutoff valve underneath or adjacent to the home. Select a full flow gate or ball shutoff valve, or equivalent valve. To pre- vent the possibility of fresh water contamination install an anti-siphon valve on all field installed exterior faucets. Maximum water pressure. The water system for the home was designed for a maximum inlet pressure of 80 psi. Figure 66. 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PHHWDOODSSOLFDEOHORFDOUHJ XODWLRQVDQGVKRXOGEHPDGH RQO\E\H[SHULHQFHGTXDOL ILHGSHUVRQQHO ŹJRWR3UHSDUH$SSOLDQFHVDQG(TXLSPHQW S     Prepare Appliances and Equipment 103 Prepare Appliances and Equipment This chapter provides instructions for installing and/or preparing appliances and other equipment. While the items below can be completed in any order, the last item, TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, must be done last. Follow the Steps below: ź INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (p. 103) ź PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM (p. 104) ź INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT (p. 104) ź PREPARE WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEM (p. 105) ź PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER (p. 105) ź PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS (p. 106) ź PREPARE FIREPLACES (p. 107) ź PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES (p. 108) ź INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING (p. 109) ź INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING (p. 109) ź TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (p. 111) INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (if applicable) CENTRAL UNITS Install split system or unitary central air conditioners and/or heat pumps as follows: 1. Check suitability. Check the home’s Comfort Cooling Certificate (may be in- cluded with the data plate) to confirm that the home is suitable for installation of central air. If so, note the air distribution system’s rated duct capacity (BTU/hr), any equipment sizing guidance provided by the manufacturer and information provided to calculate the home’s heat gain. 2. Select equipment. Select equipment with a rated heating capacity (BTU/hr) not exceeding the maximum indicated on the home’s data plate and a rated cooling capacity sized in accordance with Chapter 28 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual J, Residential Cooling Load, 8th edition. Informa- tion necessary to calculate the heat gain of the home is located on the Data Plate. Sizing recommendations may also be obtained by utilizing the Manufactured Housing Research Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guidelines available at www.mhrahome.org (Located in Appendix B). Choose equipment with a mini- mum circuit amperage (found on the equipment rating plate) no greater than the branch circuit rating of the exterior air conditioning receptacle (indicated on the adjacent tag), if present. 3. Install A-coil. When installing a cooling A-coil in a down-flow furnace that incor- porates a fresh air intake duct, position the duct in the furnace cavity according to the furnace manufacturer’s instructions (Figure 69). For electric down-flow fur- naces, trim the whole house ventilation duct as needed to allow installation of the A-coil and secure the duct to the wall of the compartment or to the top of the A- coil. Do not restrict the flex duct opening, allow the duct insulation to contact the A-coil, or allow the duct to become kinked, restricted or configured to form a trap. Use listed appliances. All applicable appliances must be listed or certified by a nationally recognized test- ing agency for the applica- tion for which the unit is in- tended and installed in ac- cordance with the terms of its listing or certification. Properly sizing equipment. Oversized cooling equip- ment can lower energy ef- ficiency, reduce comfort, shorten equipment life and may cause moisture prob- lems in the home (includ- ing potentially damaging the home’s structure). Siz- ing guidance is provided by the Manufactured Housing Research Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guide- lines available at www.mhrahome.org. Prepare Appliances and Equipment 104 4. Connect to Power. Connect cooling equipment to the power supply in accord- ance with all manufacturer’s instructions and local codes. 5. Direct Runoff. Direct condensate runoff from cooling equipment away from the home and so that it does not collect under the home. Figure 69. Whole house ventilation flex duct in an electric down-flow furnace. From left to right: as pre- pared in the factory; proper installation with A-coil; im- proper installation with A-coil Selecting A-coils. Use only A-coil units compatible and listed for use with the fur- nace in the home and in- stalled in accordance with the furnace manufacturer’s instructions. PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM If the home does not contain a factory installed heating appliance, install a remote heating appliance according to INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, p. 104. Prepare fuel-burning heating systems included with the home as follows: 1. Inspect for damage. Inspect the furnace and report any damage to the home manufacturer. 2. High altitude. If the home is located more than 2,000 feet above sea level or as indicated in the furnace manufacturer’s instructions, derate gas furnaces 4% for each 1,000 feet above sea level. This work must be done by a qualified (and in some jurisdictions, licensed) technician. 3. Convert for LP gas. If LP gas (propane) will be used, convert the appliance from natural gas to LP gas use. Conversion must be made by a qualified and (if re- quired by the LAHJ) licensed technician. 4. Install intake air pipe. Consult the appliance manufacturer’s instructions for max- imum allowable pipe run length, requirements for air dampers, locations relative to expected snow levels (check with the LAHJ for expected snow levels), acceptable materials, pipe supports, and pipe termination requirements. 5. Install flue. For combustion appliances, install the flue roof cap and stack as- sembly as described in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT Install remote units in compliance with all heating and cooling equipment requirements in this chapter above and the following: 1. Locate connections to the home. Find the manufacturer-installed connectors, labels or tags under the home indicating the required connection points for supply and return air. If connectors are not provided nor location indicated, select a sup- ply duct location such that there are approximately equal numbers of supply regis- ters forward and rear of the connection point. It is recommended that the exterior heating and/or cooling equipment be centrally located on the back side of the home. 2. Install ducts. Install the appropriate supply and return ducts (not provided) be- tween the remote unit and the home (Figure 71), making connections according to the instructions for crossover ducts in Connect Crossovers (p. 61). 3. Install dampers. If installing a remote cooling unit in a home with a factory in- stalled furnace, install dampers between the furnace and the home’s air duct sys- tem, and between the remote unit and the home’s air duct system to prevent warm air in heating mode from escaping to the remote cooling unit and vice versa. 4. Connect wiring. Install a thermostat containing a fan switch. Connect utilities in accordance with all manufacturer’s instructions and local codes. Wiring shall be Installing flue stacks with a hinged roof. If flue stack components are installed above the finish roof line (as is often the case with hinged roofs), an Alterna- tive Construction letter is normally required along with a follow-up inspection. Contact the factory for guidance. Venting appliances to the outside. Vent to the exte- rior of the home all com- bustion appliances except ranges and ovens. Selecting ducts. Exterior ductwork for remote units must be provided by the installer or HVAC contrac- tor. Ducts must be ap- proved for exterior installa- tion and should be wrapped with insulation of at least R-8 under a vapor barrier with a perm rating of not greater than one. (For ENERGY STAR homes, the R-value must be at least that specified on the manufacturer’s EN- ERGY STAR Site Installa- tion Checklist— a minimum of R-8.) Prepare Appliances and Equipment 105 per the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer. 5. Seal penetrations. Repair or replace all floor insulation disturbed during the duct installation and seal holes in the bottom board using foam, mastic or tape special- ly made for that purpose. Figure 71. Ducts connecting exterior heating and/or cool- ing equipment to the home Compressed Duct. Support the duct without compress- ing the insulation and re- stricting airflow. PREPARE WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEM Prepare the whole-house ventilation system according to the ventilation system manufac- turer’s instructions. Confirm that any fresh air intake ducts extend to the exterior and do not draw air from the crawlspace under the home. Do not allow any fresh air ventilation intake ducts to become kinked or restricted, forming a trap. PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER DRYER VENTS If the home includes a clothes dryer, the components for ventilating the dryer are included with the home (but not necessarily installed) and a vent opening has been roughed in ei- ther in the wall or floor. (If a dryer is not installed, seal all dryer vent openings). Run the dryer vent to the outside through the exterior wall or through the floor to a point beyond the perimeter of the home, using materials approved by the clothes dryer manufac- turer (see Figure 72). Choosing pipe lengths. The appliance manufactur- er may designate the length of the pipe run based on the pipe diameter and the number of turns in the pipe run. Venting exhaust systems. Exhaust vents must extend to the home’s exterior through skirting. Termina- tion of the dryer exhaust underneath the home can cause condensation and moisture damage to the home. Lint and dust accu- mulation can ignite, caus- ing a fire. Figure 72. Clothes dryer ventilation ductwork through floor (left) or exterior wall (right) Install the vent as follows: 1. Remove temporary caps. Remove any temporary seals and duct caps from the vent rough openings. 2. Install ductwork. Install ductwork using clamps (do not use screws or other fas- teners that penetrate into the duct) and support the duct with metal straps con- nected to the floor joists or chassis at two feet o.c. or less. Ensure duct connec- tions are internally overlapped to prevent inhibiting the flow of air and thereby causing lint accumulation. Avoid damaging structural elements. Do not cut or otherwise damage struc- tural elements such as floor joists or wall studs for the installation of the dryer exhaust system. Prepare Appliances and Equipment 106 3. Install cap and damper. Install an approved dryer vent cap with damper on the exterior termination of the duct. If the vent terminates at skirting, secure the cap to framing or skirting with sheet metal screws and seal edges with caulk or sealant. If the vent terminates through a wall, apply a bead of sealant to the back of the cap around the opening and secure with sheet metal screws to metal, hardboard or fiber cement siding or with wood screws to a mount block for vinyl siding. 4. Seal opening. Seal openings inside and outside of the home including at the floor, interior walls, siding and skirting (with caulk) and at the bottom board using foam, mastic and/or tape specially made for that purpose. GAS DRYERS If the home was not fitted for a gas dryer, installing one requires substantial alteration to the home. Gas supply piping and adequate venting must be provided as specified by the dryer manufacturer and installed by a trained professional. Do not cut major structural ele- ments to accommodate a gas dryer. PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS The home has several factory installed smoke alarms that are wired to a 120 volt circuit. If the home was designed for placement on a basement, an additional alarm is provided for installation at a pre-wired location under the home. Connect the basement smoke alarm and test all alarms as follows: 1. Check circuit. Ensure that the batteries are installed and the electrical power to the home is activated and that the smoke alarm circuit is on. 2. Test alarms. Press the “test” button on the alarm and hold for 5 seconds (or until the alarm sounds). When the alarm begins to sound, release and confirm that each alarm in the home is sounding. Replace (with the same brand as those in- stalled elsewhere in the home) any alarms that do not sound and retest. 3. Disconnect AC. With the AC current disconnected and batteries installed, test for DC operation following the same procedure as shown in step 1. Both steps 1 and 2 above must be conducted on each alarm installed in the home. If any alarm fails to sound during the test, turn off the power at the main panel box and check the wiring. Make any necessary repairs and conduct a complete re-test. Repeat if necessary until all alarms are functioning properly. Gas. Ventilation compo- nents that may be included with the home for an elec- tric dryer may not be ac- ceptable for gas dryers. Consult the gas dryer manufacturer instructions. Installing ducts. Keep ductwork straight and smooth as possible without excess slack. Slope it slightly downward towards the exterior to facilitate moisture drainage. Prepare Appliances and Equipment 107 PREPARE FIREPLACES Install chimneys, chimney flashing and roofing, fireplace combustion air inlets and hearths according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the procedures described below. CHIMNEYS Fireplace and wood stoves may require on-site installation of additional sections of ap- proved chimney pipe, a spark arrestor and a rain cap assembly. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and the procedures described below: 1. Remove coverings. Remove protective materials covering the roof flashing and any foreign material from the installed part of the chimney. 2. Install chimney pipe. Assemble and seal the chimney per the fireplace or wood stove manufacturer’s installation instructions and if there is a conflict between the instructions and the figure, follow the instructions. To assure sufficient draft for proper operation, extend the chimney at least three feet above the highest point where it penetrates the roof and at least two feet higher than any surface within 10 feet of the chimney (Figure 73). Use additional section(s) of chimney pipe (not provided) if required by local code or if the site has obstructions within 10 feet of the chimney. Fireplaces and wood stoves not provided by the home manufacturer, including chimneys and air inlets for fireplaces and wood stoves must be listed for use with manufactured homes and must be installed in accordance with their listings. Figure 73. Chimney and combustion air intake duct installation Selecting the appropriate flue. Wood fireplaces use larger diameter flues than gas fireplaces. Make sure flue matches the appliance type. Gas fireplaces cannot burn wood because the flue is too small and smoke will back up into the home. Figure 74. Chimney clear- ance 3. Install shingles. 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Use only products listed for use in manufactured homes and follow all applicable local codes. INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING Install exterior lighting according to Figure 76 and the following: 1. Remove cover. Remove the screws and cover from electrical junction box. 2. Install flash ring. Place the non-combustible flash ring over the junction box. 3. Connect wires. Connect fixture wires to house wires in the box, black to black, white to white and equipment ground to equipment ground, using listed wire con- nectors. Push wires into the box. 4. Connect fixtures. Connect the fixture to the junction box or strap using screws provided with the light fixture. 5. Weatherproof. Weatherproof/caulk around the base of the fixture, leaving a small gap in the caulking on the bottom to permit drainage of water that may accumu- late. 6. Complete installation. Install bulb and globe on the fixture and verify proper op- eration. Lighting installation. A qualified electrician should install lighting. Before con- necting lighting, disconnect power to the lighting circuit. Ground all exterior light fix- tures. Using a non-combustible ring. Install a non- combustible ring complete- ly covering any combusti- ble surfaces the fixtures may be mounted on (e.g. hard-board, clad wood and vinyl siding), or when ceil- ing material is exposed be- tween the light fixture ca- nopy and the junction box. Figure 76. Exterior lighting connection Installing ceiling fans. A qualified electrician should install lighting and fans. Before connecting the ceil- ing fan or light, disconnect power to the fan wires. Any unit installed outside of the home (such as in a porch ceiling) shall be listed for wet locations. INSTALL CEILING FANS/LIGHTS Install ceiling fans no closer than 36 inches, measured from the tip of the fan blade to the nearest side of the smoke alarm and with the trailing edges of the blades at least six feet- four inches above the finished floor. Comply with all unit manufacturer’s instructions and the requirements below. CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED TO FACTORY INSTALLED ELECTRICAL BOX IN CEILING Before installing the unit, make sure that adequate structural bracing is present in the ceil- ing. If uncertain, check with the manufacturer. Follow the fan or light manufacturer’s in- structions to connect the unit and complete the wiring. If the instructions are not available, connect the wiring as shown in Figure 77. Prepare Appliances and Equipment 110 Figure 77. Wiring for a ceil- ing fan or chain-hung light fixture with a maximum weight of 35 lbs CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED ON SITE-INSTALLED DECORATIVE BEAM Where the electrical box will be mounted in a site-installed decorative center beam at- tached to the ridge beam, connect the fixture as follows (see Figure 78): 1. Cut hole. If the decorative beam (shipped loose) does not contain a precut hole for the electrical box, cut a hole with a diameter approximately 1/4 inch larger than the box’s using a hole saw. Align the hole with the supply wire location and center on the beam. 2. Install box. Install the box in the hole and secure the flange (plastic boxes only) to the decorative beam with four #6 x 1” screws. 3. Insert wire. Insert the ceiling wire through a knock out hole in the side of the elec- trical box. It may be necessary to cut a notch in the top of the decorative beam (on the supply wire side of the center beam hole) allowing the supply wire to be inserted into the electrical box without binding against the beam during installa- tion. Leave approximately four inches of wire free in the box. 4. Attach beam. Secure the decorative beam in place over the center line joint, checking that the supply wire is not pinched or penetrated by beam fasteners. Se- cure the electrical box to the ridge beam with #8 x 2 1/2” wood screws through the two holes in the top of the box. 5. Strip wires. Strip about 3/4 inch of insulation from the white and black conductor ends of the supply wire. 6. Position ring. Position the non-combustible flash ring (provided) over the elec- trical box so that the finished surface (adjacent to electrical box), which is to be covered by the fan canopy, is not exposed. 7. Install and wire unit. Follow the unit manufacturer’s installation instructions for mounting the fan/light assembly to the box and for electrical wiring. Use provided electrical connectors for splicing wire. Choosing ceiling fan junc- tion boxes. Connect ceil- ing fans only to junction boxes listed and marked for ceiling fan application in accordance with Article 314.27(b) of 2005 NEC. Always ground metal junc- tion boxes. Selecting fan weight. Do not use any ceiling fans or light fixtures that exceed the weight rating of the box (35 lbs unless otherwise noted). Grounding electrical de- vices. Ground fans/lights using a fixture-grounding device or a fixture- grounding wire as specified in the manufacturer’s in- structions. Figure 78. Ceiling fan/light mounted to flush ridge beam Prepare Appliances and Equipment 111 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM After completion of all electrical wiring and connections, including crossovers, appliances, lights, and ceiling fans, inspect and test the electrical system as follows: 1. Fill water heater. Fill water heater before turning on power to the home or switch- ing on the circuit breaker. 2. Test continuity. Before turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct an electrical continuity test to ensure that exposed metallic parts of the home and the chassis are effectively bonded. 3. Test operation. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct opera- tional tests of all devices to demonstrate that they are connected and in working order. 4. Test polarity. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct electrical polarity checks to determine that connections of electrical equipment installed or completed during installation have been made properly. Visual verification is an acceptable electrical polarity check for these on-site connections. Ź go to Complete Exterior Work (p. 112). Complete Exterior Work 112 Complete Exterior Work This chapter covers sealing the bottom board, installing the ground cover and skirting, preparing wind protection shutters and completing site built structures. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD (p. 112) ź STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER (p. 112) ź STEP 3. INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 113) ź STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS (p. 114) ź STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE BUILT STRUCTURES (p. 114) STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD Tears and openings in the bottom board can result from transportation or installation activities. Inspect for holes and gaps in the entire bottom board, especially areas around service penetrations, crossover connections, pipe and duct hangers, foundation elements and the perimeter of the floor. Using approved materials appropriate for the type of repair, repair the bottom board wherever torn or loosened as follows: 1. Insulate. Replace any missing insulation prior to closure and repair of the bot- tom board, paying particular attention to insulation gaps that may have been created at P-traps. 2. Repair large openings. Repair large openings with a durable patch made of bottom board fabric or other compatible material and fastened with vinyl bot- tom board tape held in place by fasteners installed with a divergent stapler. Seal the edges around patches with foam or mastic. For large openings, in- stall a rigid backer board behind the bottom board to provide a fastening sub- strate for the patch. 3. Repair small openings. Repair small gaps and tears with vinyl bottom board tape, patches, adhesive/mastic or foam sealant. Alternate materials may be used to repair and seal the bottom board provided they are appropriate for the type of repair and installed per the manufacturer’s installation in- structions. STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER If the space under the home is to be enclosed with skirting or other materials, a ground moisture retarder of a minimum six mil thick polyethylene sheeting or equivalent must be installed covering the ground under the home. Moisture retarders are not required in arid regions (less than 15 inches of rainfall annually) with dry soil conditions. If on- grade (surface) footings are used, install the ground moisture retarder prior to placing the footings, or install it around the footings after all other work under the home is com- plete. Install the ground moisture retarder as follows: 1. Apply sheeting. Unroll the ground moisture overlapping joints in the sheeting a minimum of 12 inches and covering the entire area under the home except for areas under recessed entries, decks and porches. 2. Repair tears. Repair any large voids or tears in the retarder by patching with like material, maintaining a minimum 12 inch overlap, secured with tape or ad- hesive. Repair small voids and tears with tape, adhesive or per manufacturer’s installation instructions. Sealing bottom boards. A continuous and sealed bot- tom board is critical for home performance, energy efficiency, protection against moisture problems, prevention of pipe freezing and protection against in- sects and rodents Bottom board sealing me- thods. Tapes shall never be used alone to repair a large opening in the bottom board. Divergent staples or mastic must be used in tandem with tape to prevent future tear off. Fastening vinyl siding. Do not install fasteners directly into vinyl siding. 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ZLWKRXWFRQVLGHUDWLRQ$FFRUGLQJO\E\WKLVOHWWHUWKHPDQXIDFWXUHUH[WHQGVQRZDUUDQWLHV RUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQHLWKHUH[SUHVVHGRULPSOLHGZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVKHUH LQ   Ź JRWR3UHSDUH+RPHIRU2FFXSDQF\ S   Prepare Home for Occupancy 115 Prepare Home for Occupancy Follow these steps for final inspection and completion of the home. Follow the Steps below: ź STEP 1.VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION (p. 115) ź STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST (p. 115) ź STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST (p. 115) ź STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME (p. 115) STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) IN- SPECTION A home designated as an AC home will contain the letters “AC” in the serial number lo- cated on the data plate.Verifiying the AC inspection is the responsibility of the retailer. The installation is not complete until the alternative construction inspection has been passed and all applicable documention completed and returned to the plant. STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST After all previous steps have been accomplished, inspect the home to verify that it has been completely and properly installed using the checklist starting on p. 116. Installer must also certify that the installation is in compliance with either the manufacturer’s in- structions or with an alternative design in compliance with 3285.2(c). Arrange for an in- spection by the appropriate LAHJ, if required. Correct any deficiencies found, if possible, or if not possible, inform the retailer or man- ufacturer immediately. STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST For ENERGY STAR qualified homes (check with the retailer or manufacturer), this step is to be completed by the manufacturer’s designated representative. The manufacturer’s representative must complete the Energy Star Site Installation Checklist, obtain signatures on the ENERGY STAR label, and return the completed ENERGY STAR Site Installation Checklist to the manufacturing plant. STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME Remove and properly dispose of all installation-generated dust, debris and packaging materials from the home and the surrounding property. Ensure that the home is in “move-in” condition. Installation is Complete Complete Installation Checklist 116 FOUNDATION SUPPORT 兟 Footings properly sized and constructed for the soil conditions 兟 Pier spacing per data plate and applicable table and roof load zone 兟 Piers properly constructed and vertical 兟 Perimeter blocking installed (if required) 兟 Piers at each side of openings 48” or larger 兟 Piers beneath all outside exterior doors (except when located in end wall) 兟 Center line piers installed at columns 兟 Shims in place and tight ANCHORS 兟 Approved anchors are used 兟 Proper anchors installed based on soil conditions 兟 Anchors are installed at correct angles 兟 Anchor spacing and installation correct 兟 Longitudinal ties installed (if required) 兟 Anchor straps are tensioned UNDER THE HOME 兟 Moisture retarder installed 兟 The ground under and around the home has been properly graded to prevent water from collecting or flowing beneath the home 兟 HVAC ducts are supported off the ground and connected tightly to collars at all ends 兟 Fireplace combustion air intake free and unrestricted 兟 No holes or tears in bottom board 兟 Skirting (if used) has been installed per manufacturer’s instructions with proper venting and provision for frost heave 兟 Skirting has been attached in a manner that does not cause water to be trapped between the siding and trim and cannot be forced up into the wall cavi- ty 兟 Dryer vent, range/cook top exhaust, water heater temperature and pressure overflow pipe and AC condensate drain installed to perimeter of crawl space EXTERIOR 兟 Shingled roofs are free of visible damage and serious defects and there are no missing or loose shingles 兟 Shingle close-up and ridge cap have been completed per applicable details 兟 All hold down straps on shingled roofs have been removed and holes have been properly sealed 兟 Penetrations at roof stacks, vents and chimneys have been properly sealed 兟 Siding and trim is free of gaps, voids, missing fasteners, damage and serious defects. All seams are sealed and hardboard edges are sealed. 兟 Drip edge and fascia is properly installed and free of damage and serious de- fects 兟 Gutters and downspouts are installed properly such that water is diverted away from the home 兟 Trees and bushes have been trimmed to prevent brushing against the home in windy conditions or under snow loads 兟 The HUD label is exposed, intact and legible 兟 The exterior of the home and immediate surroundings is clean, clear of con- Complete Installation Checklist 117 struction materials, dust and debris INTERIOR 兟 Ceilings, walls and floor coverings are free from damage and serious defects 兟 Carpeting is properly stretched and seamed 兟 All trim and molding is installed properly and free of damage and defects 兟 All cabinets, countertops, plumbing fixtures, appliances, furnishings and win- dow coverings are free of damage or serious defects 兟 All cabinet doors and drawers work properly 兟 All interior and exterior doors and windows open, close and latch properly 兟 One window in each bedroom meets emergency egress requirements, has op- erating instruction labels on it and operates properly 兟 All temporary shipping hardware has been removed 兟 Floors are level 兟 The data plate is intact and legible 兟 Smoke alarms have been tested 兟 The interior of the home is clean, clear of materials, dust and debris WATER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS 兟 Crossover and service connection and splices have been properly made with correct materials 兟 Water and drain lines are insulated or otherwise protected from freezing 兟 Pipe supports are installed and properly spaced 兟 Proper slope has been maintained on all drain lines 兟 All necessary inspections and tests have been performed 兟 All sinks, basins, tubs and toilets operate properly 兟 All hot and cold water lines are properly connected to fixtures, dispense water as labeled and operate properly 兟 Tub, tub/shower and shower outlets have been verified to ensure the outlet water temperature does not exceed 120°F (49°C) ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 兟 The panel amperage matches the connection to the home 兟 The home has been properly grounded 兟 The main power supply has been properly connected and tested by a licensed electrician 兟 Continuity test has been conducted 兟 Polarity test has been conducted 兟 Operational test has been conducted 兟 All electrical crossovers have been connected 兟 All receptacles, switches and light fixtures operate properly 兟 Ground fault circuit interrupters operate properly 兟 All exterior lights have been properly installed GAS/FUEL OIL SYSTEMS 兟 The gas system pressure test has been conducted 兟 Connections between units are properly made with access as required 兟 The main fuel line has been properly connected and tested by a qualified tech- nician APPLIANCE OPERATING AND VENTING 兟 All appliances are working properly Complete Installation Checklist 118 兟 Appliance venting is in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions 兟 Fresh air intakes are properly installed 兟 Whole house, kitchen and bath exhaust fan operation are correct 兟 Fireplace chimney stack extension and roof cap have been installed in accord- ance with the manufacturer’s instructions 兟 Air conditioner/heat pump is sized properly 兟 Air conditioner condensate line is properly trapped and terminates outside of the skirting MISCELLANEOUS 兟 Installation/anchoring certificates or seals have been issued and installed (if required) 兟 Owner’s and operation manuals are available for all appliances 兟 This installation manual is left with home 兟 Marriage line gasket has been installed and inspected Complete Installation Checklist 119 Index of Steps INTRODUCTION GETTING STARTED ...................................................... PG. 10 PREPARE THE SITE ..................................................... PG. 15 INSTALL FOOTINGS ..................................................... PG. 20 CONSTRUCT FOUNDATIONS ...................................... PG. 35 SET THE HOME ............................................................. PG. 38 COMPLETE MULTI-SECTION SET ............................... PG. 44 COMPLETE ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS ............... PG. 56 CONNECT CROSSOVERS ............................................ PG. 61 COMPLETE THE INTERIOR ......................................... PG. 72 INSTALL STABILIZING SYSTEM ................................. PG. 74 CONNECT UTILITIES .................................................... PG. 95 PREPARE APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT ............... PG. 103 COMPLETE EXTERIOR WORK .................................... PG. 112 PREPARE HOME FOR OCCUPANCY .......................... PG. 115 COMPLETE INSTALLATION CHECKLIST ................... PG. 116 APPENDIXA APPENDIXB Manufactured Home Cooling Equipment Sizing Guidlines For ENERGY STAR® qualified manufactured homes and homes built to the HUD standards1 Oversizing cooling equipment: a costly mistake The guidelines offer a simple look-up procedure to assist equipment specifiers, HVAC contractors, home installers, retailers, manufacturers, and electric utility staff select heat pump and air conditioner capacity for new manufactured homes. The guidelines were developed to help eliminate the all-too-common problem of choosing equipment with far more cooling capacity than the home needs. Oversized HVAC equipment is recognized as a common industry problem that erodes energy efficiency and lowers customer satisfac- tion. Consumers overpay in two ways. First, they are buying equipment that has more cooling capacity and is more expensive than they need. Second, once installed, oversized equipment cycles on and off frequently, shortening equipment life, lowering efficiency, and increasing power bills. Oversized equipment also can lead to moisture problems within the home. ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR is a nationally recognized, voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient homes, buildings, and products to consumers and business owners across the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for administering the ENERGY STAR for Homes program. An ENERGY STAR qualified home is at least 30% more energy efficient in its heating, cooling and water heating than a comparable home built to the 1993 Model Energy Code. This increased level of energy efficiency is met by successfully integrating an energy efficient building envelope (effective insulation, tight construction, advanced windows), energy efficient air distribution (air-tight, well-insulated ducts), and energy efficient equipment (space heating and cooling and hot water heating). ENERGY STAR qualified homes typically require less cooling capacity because their high insulation levels and tight construction slow the transfer of heat from outside into the home, and their tight air distribution systems minimize the loss of conditioned air from the ducts. United States Environmental Protection Agency National Rural Electric Cooperative Association Manufactured Housing Research Alliance Tennessee Valley Authority 1Thermal provisions of the Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards, Subpart F, Section §3280 How to use the sizing guidelines The sizing guidelines consist of a set of nine maps covering the continental U.S. and the Sizing Table contain- ing recommended cooling equipment sizes in tons. The maps are divided into counties. Contiguous counties that have the same sizing recommendations are combined into Sizing Groups.1 The maps and Sizing Table are available on the Web at http://www.mhrahome.org and http://www.energystar.gov. Follow these steps to determine your recommended size: 1. Find the county where the home will be sited on the map and determine the corresponding Sizing Group number. 2. Find the row corresponding to the Sizing Group on the Sizing Table. The rows on the table are color- coded to match the colors on the map. 3. Determine the conditioned Floor Area of the home and read across the top row of the table locating the pair of columns containing that area. 4. To find the required cooling equipment capacity in tons for a heat pump or air conditioner, read down the column that corresponds to the Floor Area and across the row that corresponds to the Sizing Group. 5. The left-hand column in each pair represents the appropriate cooling equipment size for ENERGY STAR qualified homes. The right-hand column in each pair represents the size (in tons of cooling capacity) for homes built to the HUD-standards thermal requirements. Example: • An ENERGY STAR qualified home is to be installed in Richmond County near Ocala, Florida. • The map indicates that Richmond County is in a Sizing Group 50. • The home is a 28 ft. by 56 ft. multisection containing 1,568 square feet of conditioned living space (28 ft. x 56 ft.=1,568 sq. ft.). • Referring to the Sizing Table, read across the row labeled Sizing Group 50 and down the column containing 1,568 square feet (1,441 to 1,680). • Read down the left-hand (blue) column for an ENERGY STAR qualified home. • This home requires a 3 Ton heat pump. 1Some counties are divided into more than one sizing group. Disclaimer The values on the chart are intended as a guide for equipment selection. This information is not a substitute for proper evaluation and judg- ment by an equipment specifier. The cooling capacity estimates are based on typical home configurations and assumed design conditions. Actual sizing requirements may differ from the values on the chart. The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance and its members, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, sponsors of this work, assume no liability for errors in equipment sizing, selection, and installation. Sizing charts are available for other regions of the U.S. For information on obtaining sizing guidance for other areas, please visit the Manufactured Housing Research Alliance web site at: http://www.mhrahome.org. The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance developed the sizing charts. MHRA is a non-profit membership organization comprised of firms actively engaged in the manufactured housing business. Wrightsoft Corporation performed the engineering analysis. The technical basis for the values that appear on the chart is Right-J™, an Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)-endorsed software version of ACCA Manual J, Load Calculation for Residential Winter and Summer Air Conditioning, Seventh Edition. Copyright © 2005 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance All rights reserved. No portion of this chart may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written permission of MHRA. Up to 840 841 to 1,120 1,121 to 1,280 1,281 to 1,440 1,441 to 1,680 1,681 to 1,960 1,961 to 2,240 2,241 to 2,520 2,521 to 2,760 2,761 to 3,000 Floor Area (square feet) HUD HUD HUD HUDHUDHUDHUDHUDHUDHUDSizing Group 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 4 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 5 6 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 7 8 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3 3 3 9 10 1 1 1 1 2.5 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3 3 3 11 12 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 13 14 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 15 16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 3 3 3.5 4 17 18 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 3 3.5 4 4 19 20 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3.5 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4 4 21 22 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4 4 23 24 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.5 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 25 26 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.5 3.5 4 4.5 3 3 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 27 28 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 4 3 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 3.5 3.5 5 5 29 30 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4 4 3 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2 3.5 4 5 5 31 32 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4 4.5 3 3 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 3.5 5 5 33 34 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 4 5 5 35 36 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 3.5 5 5 3.5 3 4.5 4.5 3.5 3 4 4 3 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 3.5 5 5.5 37 38 1.5 1.5 2 2 4 3.5 5 5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 2 3 3 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 3.5 5.5 5.5 39 40 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 4 5 5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 4 5.5 5.5 41 42 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 4 4 4.5 4.5 3.5 4 4 4 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4.5 5.5 5.5 43 44 1.5 1.5 2 2 3.5 4 5 5 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 3 3.5 4.5 4.5 3 3 4 4 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 2 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 3.5 4 5.5 5.5 45 46 1.5 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 3 3.5 4 4 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 4 5.5 5.5 47 48 2 1.5 2 2 4.5 3.5 5 5.5 4 3.5 4.5 5 4 3 4.5 4.5 3.5 3 4 4 3 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2 3 3 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 4.5 3.5 5.5 5.5 49 50 1.5 2 2 2 4 4 5.5 5.5 3.5 4 5 5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 4 5.5 5.5 51 52 2 1.5 2 2 4.5 3.5 5.5 5.5 4 3.5 5 5 4 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3 4 4 3 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2 3 3 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 4.5 4 5.5 6 53 54 1.5 1.5 2 2 4 4 5.5 5.5 3.5 4 5 5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3 3 4 4 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2 2.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 55 56 2 2 2 2 4 4.5 5.5 5.5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4 4 3 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.5 4.5 6 6 57 58 2 1.5 2 2 4.5 3.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 3.5 5 5 4 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 3 4 4 3.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 2 3 3 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 5 4 6 6 59 60 2 2 2 2 4 4.5 5.5 5.5 4 4.5 5 5 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 3 3.5 4 4 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3 2 2.5 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Baraga Ontonagon Houghton Houghton Keweenaw Keweenaw Kentucky Indiana Ohio Illinois Michigan Wisconsin 27 24 15 24 33 62 25 15 33 59 45 9 23 59 54 67 53 68 70 Los Angeles Ventura Imperial Los Angeles Santa Barbara San Diego Orange Ventura Santa Barbara Riverside Los Angeles Ventura Santa Barbara Kern San Luis Obispo San Bernardino Kings Tulare Clark Monterey San Benito Santa Cruz Inyo Santa Clara Fresno Merced San Mateo Madera San Francisco Mariposa Alameda Stanislaus Contra Costa San Joaquin Marin Tuolumne Esmeralda Calaveras Solano Lincoln Amador Mono Sacramento Sonoma Napa Yolo Alpine El Dorado Mineral Douglas Nye Carson City Sutter Placer Colusa Nevada Lake Storey Yuba Lyon Sierra Glenn Churchill Mendocino White Pine Butte Plumas Tehama Pershing Lander Eureka Shasta Lassen Trinity Humboldt Washoe Modoc Del Norte Elko Humboldt Siskiyou Nevada California APPENDIXC One of the best ways to protect a home from damage in windstorms is to install shutters over all large windows and glass doors. Shutters protect doors and windows from windborne objects. They also prevent damage caused by sudden pressure changes when a window or door is broken. THE ENGINEERED WOOD ASSOCIATION APA HURRICANE SHUTTER DESIGNS HIGH WIND ZONES OF THE UNITED STATES Source: 2003 International Residential Code NOMINAL DESIGN THREE SECOND GUSTS miles per hour 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 2 The following designs are presented as two basic alternatives: The first is to present the minimum shutters that are permitted by the codes when such shutters are required. The requirements of the 2003 International Residential Code (IRC) and the 2001 Florida Building Code (FBC) are presented. They permit the use of minimum 7/16" Rated Sheathing as shutters to protect against the impact of windborne debris. Check with local building departments for verification or clarification of requirements. The second approach provides some design details for stronger and stiffer shutters than provided for by the code- minimum designs. It should be noted that these designs were developed prior to the adoption of specific standards for shutter designs by any U.S. codes. The supports detailed for these shutters meet code requirements when mounted according to the specifications in Table R301.2.1.2. The mounting brackets for the masonry block structures have been tested for design wind loads but have not been impact or cyclic tested because they were developed as design guides before these standards were developed. 1. Code-Minimum Shutter Design: The 2003 International Residential Code (IRC), Section R301.2.1.2, provides that “windows in buildings located in windborne debris regions shall have glazed openings protected from windborne debris or the building shall be designed as a partially enclosed building in accordance with the International Building Code. Glazed opening protection for windborne debris shall meet the requirements of the Large Missile Test of ASTM E 1996 and of ASTM E 1886 referenced therein. Exception: Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7/16 inch (11.1 mm) and a maximum span of 8 feet (2438 mm) shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two-story buildings. Panels shall be precut to cover the glazed openings with attachment hardware provided. Attachments shall be provide in accordance with Table R301.2.1.2 or shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads determined in accordance with the provisions of the International Building Code.” TABLE R301.2.1.2 WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROCTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELSa,b,c Fastener Spacing Panel 4 ft < Panel 6 ft < Panel Fastener Type Span ≤4 ft Span ≤6 ft Span ≤8 ft 2-1/2" #6 Wood Screws 16"12"9" 2-1/2" #8 Wood Screws 16"16"12" a. This table is based on 130 mph wind speeds and a 33-foot mean roof height. b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. c. Where screws are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached utilizing vibration-resistant anchors having a minimum ultimate withdrawal capacity of 490 pounds. Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 3 Section R202 defines a Windborne Debris Region as any “areas within hurricane-prone regions within one mile of the coastal mean high water line where the basic wind speed is 110 mph or greater; or where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 120 mph; or Hawaii.” (See map) Alternatively, Section 1606.1.4 of the 2001 Florida Building Code: “In windborne debris regions, exterior glazing that receives positive pressure in the lower 60 feet in buildings shall be assumed to be openings unless such glazing is impact resistant or protected with an impact resistant covering meeting the requirements of SSTD 12, ASTM E 1886 and ASTM E 1996, or Miami-Dade PA 201, 202 and 203 referenced therein as follows: 1. Glazed openings located within 30 feet of grade shall meet the provisions of the Small Missile Test. 2. Glazed openings located more than 30 feet above grade shall meet the provision of the Small Missile Test. Exception: Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7/16 inch and maximum panel span of 8 feet shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two-story buildings. Panels shall be precut to cover the glazed openings with attachment hardware provided. Attachment shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads deter- mined in accordance with Table 1606.2B. Attachment in accordance with Table 1606.1.4 is permitted for buildings with mean roof height of 33 feet or less where wind speeds do not exceed 130 mph.” TABLE 1606.1.4 WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS Fastener Spacing (in.)a,b Panel 2 ft < Panel 4 ft < Panel 6 ft < Panel Fastener Type Span ≤2 ft Span < 4 ft Span < 6 ft Span < 8 ft 2-1/2 #6 Wood Screwc 16 16 12 9 2-1/2 #8 Wood Screwc 16 16 16 12 Double-Headed Nailsd 12643 a. This table is based on a maximum wind speed of 130 mph and mean roof height of 33 feet or less. b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. c. Where screws are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached using vibration-resistant anchors having a minimum withdrawal capacity of 490 lb. d. Nails shall be 10d common or 12d box double-headed nails. Section 1606.1.5 defines a Windborne Debris Region as: 1. Area within one mile of the coastal mean high water line where the basic wind speed is 110 mph or greater. (See map) 2. Areas where the basic wind speed is 120 mph or greater except from the eastern border of Franklin Count to the Florida-Alabama line where the region includes area only within 1 mile of the coast. (See map) Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 4 2. Stronger, Stiffer Designs The following design pages describe how to construct stronger, stiffer shutters for attachment to wood and masonry walls. The masonry attachments were designed prior to the adoption of specific test standards for shutter designs by U.S. codes. The shutters have been tested to resist the design wind loads and impacts but the attachments to masonry have not been impact or cyclic-load tested. The masonry attachment details are therefore supplied as guides in developing individual designs. Most building codes include provisions for storm shutters. Earlier code had provisions for a deflection of less than the shutter span (in inches) divided by 30 (for instance, a 40-inch span should not bend more than 40/30 = 1.33 inches when the wind blows). They also should bend less than 2 inches maximum and should remain at least one inch away from the window when under full wind force. The easiest designs are those that simply cover the opening with a wood structural panel. In wood-frame construc- tion, panels can be nailed over the openings when a hurricane approaches. Buildings made with concrete blocks, however, require advance preparation. In some cases, stiffeners may be necessary to limit deflection of the shutter against the glass. Stiffeners function best if the 2 x 4s are on the outside of the shutter and oriented with the narrow edge against the shutter. Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 1 on the following page apply to most of the designs, and are referenced accordingly. These APA hurricane shutter designs are based on pressures associated with a 3-second gust wind speed of 120 mph. Building codes are currently being reviewed for possible changes. Before constructing shutters, therefore, it is important to check with your local building department for an update on current code requirements. Note: The shutter designs shown herein will provide significant protection from hurricane-force winds. This publication contains recommendations to serve as a guide only. It does not include all possible shutter, anchor and fastening systems, and the installer must adjust all dimensions to compensate for particular installations and hardware used. These shutter designs by no means represent all possible workable designs and can always be upgraded to provide even greater margins of safety and protection. All shutter designs herein are intended to be temporary, and mounted and removed from outside the building. All designs are based on wind pressure capacities only. While the design wind pressures used are based on ASCE 7-95, the building owner/installer must still carefully evaluate each system and then, if neces- sary, make any modifications consistent with good design and building practices. DESIGN 1 SHUTTERS FOR WOOD-FRAME BUILDINGS DESIGN 2 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES BARREL BOLT LATCH SUPPORTS DESIGN 3 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES STEEL OR ALUMINUM ANGLE AND SCREW SUPPORTS DESIGN 4 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES SHUTTERS ATTACHED TO OUTSIDE WALL WITH PERMANENTLY MOUNTED BRACKETS DESIGN 5 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES FOR OPENINGS WIDER THAN 8 FEET Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 5 TABLE 2 ESTIMATED DEFLECTION AT 120 MPH DESIGN WIND SPEED AT 15-FT. HEIGHT FOR SHUTTERS WITH 2 X 4s AT 16 INCHES o.c. APA Panel Approximate Shutter Span (in.) Span Rating Weight (lb./ft. 2) 24364860728496 32/16 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 – 40/20 2.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 48/24 3.4 – – 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 48 oc 4.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 TABLE 1 MAXIMUM SPAN WITHOUT STIFFENERS Approximate Deflection (in.) at APA Panel Approximate Maximum 120 mph Design Wind Speed Span Rating Weight (lb./ft.2) Shutter Span at 15-ft. Height 32/16 1.5 30 0.5 40/20 2 36 0.5 48/24 2.4 48 0.9 48 oc 3.6 72 1.5 APA Structural Panel #2 2 x 4 Cut if desired Strength axis 3/16" x 3" Lag screws with fender washers 12d Nails 6" o.c. FIGURE 1 SHUTTER STIFFENER ATTACHMENT – IF REQUIRED Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 6 DESIGN 1 Shutters for Wood-Frame Buildings This design from APA – The Engineered Wood Association describes how to construct structural panel shutters for attachment to wood-frame buildings. Steps to Constructing Shutters 1.Review Tables 1 and 2 in the Design Considerations section to determine if stiffeners are needed. Attach stiffener as shown in Figures 1 and 1A. 2.Cut APA wood structural panels with adequate edge overlap to receive nails. Orient long panel axis (strength axis) of the panel as shown in Figures 1 and 1A. 3.Use a long brad or finishing nail to locate the framing behind the wood siding. The nails used to attach the shims and the shutters must hit the framing to be fully effective. 4.Nail shims to the framing with 12d nails. Use 16d nails for shims over 3/4 inch thick. For spans up to 5 feet, space the nails 6 inches o.c. at each shim. For spans over 5 feet, space nails 4 inches o.c. at each shim. (Figures 1B and 1C) 5.Attach the shutters with double-headed nails for ease of later removal. (Figures 1B and 1C) Use 12d nails for shutters up to 3/4 inch thick and 16d nails for shutters over 3/4 inch thick. For spans up to 5 feet, space the nails 6 inches o.c. at each end of the shutter panel. For spans over 5 feet, space nails 4 inches o.c. at each end of the shutter panel. Nailing the panel on all four sides, instead of just the two ends, will further limit deflection and maximize strength. 6.Any permanently installed hardware, shims or fastening devices must be installed using standard/acceptable methods of waterproofing. All abandoned holes must be sealed. 7.After fabrication each shutter should be marked for orientation and location to simplify installation. 8.If shims are to be left in place, use galvanized nails and finish like siding or exterior trim. Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 7 12d Double-headed nails 6" o.c. (nails at 4" o.c. if shutter is over 5' long) APA Structural Panel #2 2 x 4s (if needed) Cut if desired Strength axis FIGURE 1A SHUTTER ATTACHMENT – VIEW FROM OUTSIDE 12d Double-headed nails at 6" o.c. (nails at 4" o.c. if shutter is over 5' long) Siding Shim Shutter Finish wall Flashing and caulk Glass Header 12d Nails Interior casing FIGURE 1B SHUTTER ATTACHMENT – TOP Hurricane Shutter Designs Form No. T450E ■© 2004 APA – The Engineered Wood Association ■www.apawood.org 8 12d Double-headed nails at 6" o.c. (nails at 4" o.c. if shutter is over 5' long) 12d NailsShim Siding Finish sill Caulk Finish wall Shutter Sill Interior casing FIGURE 1C SHUTTER ATTACHMENT – BOTTOM Page 76 Wind Protection for Windows Figure 32 Wind Protection for Doors Figure 33 Alternate Wind Protection for Windows and Doors Wind Protection Details Figure 34 Wind Protection Exterior Sheathing Figure 35 Notes: 1. All decorative shutters must be removed prior to installing protective covers. 2. When openings exceed 84" replace 2"x4" stiffeners with 2"x6" SPF #2 stiffeners. 3. After use, recommend that all sheathing be retained for possible reuse. Caulk any nail holes in the siding to prevent moisture from penetrating the exterior wall. 4. On bay windows, 3” extension beyond edge of window is not applicable, storm covering is to be butted up at angled areas of bays. Covering may have a maximum gap of 1/4” between pieces. Page 77 PLYWOOD STORM COVER SPECIFICATIONS Max. opening Minimum Span width thickness index Up to 48"1/2"24/0 49"to 84"5/8" 32/16 85"to 120" 3/4" 48/24 Alternate Wind Protection for Windows and Doors APPENDIXD Appendix D D-1 D-2 D-4.1 D-4.2 D-5 D-5.1 D-14 D-15 D-16 D-17 D-18 APPENDIXE Appendix E E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 APPENDIXF Appendix F F-1 F-2 F-3 APPENDIXG Appendix G G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4 G-5 G-6 G-7 SEE PAGE 58 FOR G-7.1 G-8 INSTALL RIDGE CAP INSTALL RIDGE CAP G-9 G-10 G-11 G-12 G-13 G-14 G-14.2 G-14.3 G-14.4 APPENDIXH Appendix H H-1 H-2 H-3 H-4 H-5 H-6 H-7 H-8 H-9 H-10 H-11 H-12 H-13 H-14 H-15 H-16 APPENDIXI APPENDIXK APPENDIXL 48. L-1.1 L-1.2 APPENDIXM APPENDIXN N-2 N-3 N-4 N-5 N-6 APPENDIXO APPENDIXQ Q-62 Q-64 Q-70.0 Q-70.1 Q-70.2 Q-70.3 P.O. Box 390 Addison, AL 35540 866.896.2737 SEhomes.com