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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMANUFACTURER HOME INSTALLATION MANUAL1� s, VIM r q a y Z-xliol d •I!l d: '.1all Iral"Illr:40 '.11EeIIMImVA ro Is Me Md ff W, 1. ►i TflkMii 11 Using the Manual This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter. As you read it, identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need; construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation; and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual, refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward. Select either Single Section Home or a Multi -Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home's foundation type, either Pier and Ground Anchor or Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall (see Definitions, p. 4). Then complete the work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an alternative (proprietary) foundation system, the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturer directions for instructions. See page 6 for alternative foundation system criteria. Pier and Ground Anchor, Getting Started (p. 8) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Install Footings (p. 18) Se6he Home (p. 30) Install Stabilizing System (p. 66) Connect Utilities (p. 78) Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 87) Complete Underthe Horne and Site Built Structures (p. 97) Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 100) Complete. Installation Checklist (p. 101) Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall Getting Started (p. 8) Prepare the Site (p. 13) ♦ I Construct iFoundation (p.28) 'r Connect Utilities (p. 78) Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 87) ♦ 1 Complete Under the Home andlSite Built Structures l(p. 97) Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 1!00) ♦ r Complete II stallation Checklist (p. 101) I r Pier and Ground Anchor Getting Started (p. 8) - Prepare the Site (p. 1,3) Install Footings (p. 18) Set the Home (p. 30) Complete Multi -Section Set (p..37) Complete Roof and Exte- rior Walls (p. 48) Connect Crossovers (p. 53) v Complete Interior (p. 64) Install Stabilizing System (p. 66) Connect Utilities (p. 78) Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 87) Complete Under the Home and Site Built Structures (p. 97) Prepare Horne for Occu- pancy (p. 100) Complete Installation Checklist (p. 101) Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall Getting Started (p. 8) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Construct Foundation (P. 28) Complete Roof and Exte- rior Walls (p. 48) Connect Crossovers (p. 53) Complete Interior (p. 64) Connect Utilities (p. 78) ♦ , Prepare Appliances and Equipment (p. 87) Complete Under the Home and Site Built Structures (p. 97) Prepare Home for Occu- pancy (p. 100) Complete Installation Checklist (p. 101)' Disclaimer The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance, its members, consultants, contractors and representatives make no representations, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, as to the accuracy or appropriateness of any materials or information in this manual for use in a specific home, nor assume any liability for the use of the information, methods, or materials contained herein, or for damages arising from any such use. Copyright © 2008 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance ISSN 1529-3424 ine Corporation Introduction This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. Please read all, instructions and any other documents (includ- ing addendum pages and supplements) that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. This installation manual covers permits and site work through final inspection of the installation. It covers both single and multi -section homes installed over pier and anchor, load bearing crawl space walls and basement foundations. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures, for the set and hookup of manufactured homes to be used as single- family dwellings. The importance of correct installation cannot be over -emphasized. Correct installation is absolutely essential to home- owner satisfaction and the structural integrity of the home. All instructions must be followed to provide the customer with a safe, quality home. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions, further clarification, or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this manual, please contact the manufacturer (see Resources, p. 4), a registered engineer, or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual. Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES • The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation. The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. • To keep the home in compliance with its warranty, the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer. Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home's warranty. Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. • When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions, or encounters site conditions (such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk) or other conditions that prevent the use of the instructions provided in this manual, the installer must obtain special site -specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. • The installer must possess a valid installation license as a manufactured home installer. • If the installer identifies failures of the home to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (the HUD Code), the installer must notify the manufacturer and retailer. PgY T. LEA, '�.. The Technical Content of the `y�F.��l§Tj`q�gG��'%,` Manual has been reviewed by #05 Q _ PFS Corporation and found to be _ : PE19600312 ; = in conformance with the Federal conforms to = ': STATE OF 47 Manufactured Home Construction ; 9 HiJD MHCSS .. pp '.!NDIANp:••f and Safety Standards. 12/16ro9 ,���`r3.pNAi SAFETY g There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed, and as experienced professionals, should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them, and be capable of providing safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home. As qualified professionals in the field of manufactured home installation, installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced. Warnings are published throughout this manual as reminders. These reminders may not cover all hazards, all potential hazards, or all possible consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should regularly inspect work performed by crews and subcontractors. Obey OSHA regulations, particularly those related to home construction, such as Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations, call (202) 512-1800 or visit www.osha.gov on the web. Corporation �q RESOURCES Manufacturer contact information: Skyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart Indiana 46515 (574) 294-6521 (574) 295-8601 - FAX www.skylinecorp.com Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing US Department of Housing and Urb �n Development 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 916� Washington, DC 20410-8000 Telephone: (202) 708-6423 or (800) 927-2891 FAX: (202) 708-4213 State Administrative Agencies A list of SAAs may be found on the leb at www.hud.gov or by contacting the Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manu- factured Housing. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered, constructed, and inspected in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construc- tion and Safety Standards (MHCSS) of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the "HUD Code") in effect on the date of manufacture. These Standards set forth minimum re- quirements for the design and constructioi of manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states, counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of a manufactured home. A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards. The design plans and in -plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agences to assure compliance with the Standards. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the MHCSS and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installation requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed. Consult with the local authority�l aving jurisdiction (LAHJ) for regulations that may require licenses and/or per- mits or which may affect procedures described in this manual. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. Any device or other means designed to transfer loads to the ground. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT. Ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM. A combination of, anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed and installed, resist the uplift, overtur ing, and lateral forces on the manufactured home. BASEMENT. A load -bearing perimeter w1l foundation that includes habitable space (finished or unfinished, heated or unheated) partly or completely below (grade. CRAWLSPACE. The space underneath the home's floor system,, enclosed with either load- or non -load bearing perimeter walls. The ground may be covered wi h a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover. Crawlspace walls must be vented. CROSSOVERS. Utility interconnections electrical circuits, and water pipes, c DATA PLATE. An information sheet loci cabinet in the kitchen. It contains a matic zone for which the home was DIAGONAL TIE. A tie intended to resist FOOTING. That portion of the support s Teen sections of multi -section homes, including heating and cooling ducts, plumbing, and gas lines. at the main electrical panel, in the utility room, in a bedroom closet, or in a je identification number and identifies the wind zone, roof load zone, and cli- or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. that transmits loads directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR. A specific anchoringl assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. Skyline Corporation 4 H-BEAM. Steel H-beams are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace. They span across the foun- dation from sidewall to sidewall, typically with an intermediate support pier and footing (typically in the center point re- sulting in a line of piers under the centerline of a double section home). INFORMATION PACKET. A set of important documents provided with the home including warranties, information on high wind coverage, and other features of the specific home. INSTALLATION LICENSE. The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD -administered installation program. LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation. The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LISTED OR CERTIFIED. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip- ment or materials, and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stan- dards or has been tested.and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LOAD -BEARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION. A support system for the home whereby the home is mechanically fastened to a structural wall(s) that transfers gravity, lateral, and uplift loads to the ground. LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (LAHJ). The state, city, county, municipality, utility, or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of a manufactured home. MUST. Indicates a mandatory requirement. WA. Indicates not applicable. PIER. That portion of the support system between the footing and the manufactured home, exclusive of shims. Types of piers include, but are not limited to: (1) manufactured steel stands; (2) pressure -treated wood; (3) manufactured con- crete stands; (4) concrete blocks; and (5) portions of foundation walls. PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION. A support system for the home that employs piers under the chassis and other locations to support gravity loads and employs ground anchors and tie downs (the stabilizing system) to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home. Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home's frame. QUALIFIED. Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely, competently, and in accordance with all applicable codes, standards, rules, and regulations. Meets all necessary qualification tests including any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed: RAMADA. Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over a manufactured home or any portion thereof. SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. SHALL. Indicates a mandatory requirement. SITE FOR A MANUFACTURED HOME. A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one manufac- tured home, its accessory buildings or structures, and accessory equipment, for the exclusive use of the occupants of the home. SKIRTING. A weather -resistant material used to enclose the perimeter, under the living area of the home, from the bottom of the manufactured home to grade. STABILIZING SYSTEM. All components of the anchoring and support systems, such as piers, footings, ties, anchoring equipment, anchoring assemblies, or any other equipment, materials and methods of construction, that support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM. Pilings, columns, a combination of footings, piers, foundation walls, caps, and shims and any com- bination thereof that will, when properly installed, support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. TIE. Straps, cable, or securing devices used to connect the manufactured home to anchoring assemblies. UTILITY CONNECTION. The connection of the manufactured home to utilities that include, but are not limited to, electric- ity, water, sewer, gas, or fuel oil. VERTICAL TIE. A tie intended to resist uplifting and overturning forces. WIND ZONE. The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map, as further defined by the MHCSS. ENGINEER'S STAMP Certain pages of this manual display the seal of a registered engineer. Federal guidelines only require the seal from one state to be displayed, but the details herein apply to all states. SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL This icon indicates an important warning. It is critical to heed these warnings. This icon indicates a recommended best practice. While not required, following these practices will result in a superior installation, reducing the chance that cosmetic or dura- bility related complaints might arise. ABBREVIATIONS ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene max. Maximum ANSI American National Standards Insti- MHCSS Manufactured Home Construction and tute Safety Standards APA American Plywood Association min. Minimum ASTM American Society for Tasting and Ma- mph Mile(s) per hour terials AWPA American Wood Preservers tion Associa- NEC National Electric Code CFM Cubic feet per minute NFIP National Flood Insurance Program CFR Code of Federal Regulations NFPA National Fire Protection Association DWV Drain, Waste, Vent O.C. On center EMT Electrical metallic tubin OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admini- Federal Emergency Me nagement stration FEMA Agency oz Ounce(s) ft Foot/feet P. Page ga Gauge psf Pounds per square foot HUD US Department of Hou ban Development ing and Ur- psi Pounds per square inch in Inches) SAA State Administrative Agency LAHJ Local Authority Having Jurisdiction sq ft Square foot/feet Ib(s) Pound(s) ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS Alternative foundation systems or designs are permitted if they are approved by the home manufacturer and the manufac- turer's DAPIA, and are in accordance with either of the following: • Systems or designs are manufactured and installed in accordance with their listings by a nationally recognized testing agency based on a nationally recognized testing protocol; or • System designs are prepared by a registered engineer or a registered architect or tested and certified by a regis- tered engineer or registered architect in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and are manufactured and installed so as not to take th home out of compliance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. 6 Skyline Corporation DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME WEATHER PROTECTION If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home, the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes with hinged roofs has not been damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair tears in the home closure materials to prevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair roof shingles and siding as needed. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new or used manufactured home is to be displayed at a retail location, temporarily block and support the home. Set up single -section homes with single block piers spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each I-beam. The tire and axle system may be used as one of these required supports, and the hitch jack may be used as another. Locate the first pier no further than two feet,from the rear end of the home (Figure 1). Place additional piers along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet (i.e. sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For multi -section homes, locate additional piers along the marriage line under support columns. These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1. Supporting a home for display Grade r� 12-0 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-O" For all homes, place footings below each pier. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excavation and may be ABS pads, 2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16" x 16" by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored but not on display (i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home) for a pe- riod exceeding 30 days, locate piers below each I-beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. CUSTOMIZATION OF THE MODEL MANUAL This manual is based on a model manufacturer's installation manual used by many different companies. It may have been customized from the model by the manufacturer. The table below lists the locations where this manual differs from the model manual. Section Step Summary of the change Multi -section set' Step 3 Revised hinged roof details to Skyline system. Multi -section set Step 6, 7 & S Revised mating line connections to conform to Skyline system. Connect cross-overs . ,Step 1 ' 'Revised'; heat duct cross-overs to conform to Skyline. systems.: Install stabilizing System Step 1 Revise anchor location requirements to conform to Skyline system. Connect Utilities Step 2 :Revise water heater drip`pan drainage to Skyline system. Install Stabilizing Systems Step 1 Add minimum ground anchor requirements. 7 Getting Start, This chapter covers a few steps that, now, will avoid problems later in the installation process. �:. STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE (p. 8) ; STEP 2. CONFIRM.WIND ZONE (p. 8) STEP3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE (p. 9) STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF -LOAD ZONE (p. 10) STEPS. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p.,12) STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATAJPLATE Locate the data plate inside the home (Figure 2), typically on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, or master bedroom closet. S .. i. . w• The information on the data plate will be I sed to verify that the home was designed for the proper location. STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE From Table 1, identify the wind zone for t1he home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. • No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in Wind Zone III.) • A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II can be placed in either Wind Zone II or I.) • Homes located within 1,500 fee of the coastline in Wind Zones II and III must be designed to withstand exposure 'D' conditions. This will be indicated on the data plate. If the home does not conform to these rul, s, contact the manufacturer immediately. Figure 2. Sample data plate Vi 9! S rZZ Site Appropriateness. If the site is not accessible, not appro- priate for the planned support system or cannot be properly graded, notify the purchaser, the retailer and HUD with the rea- sons why the site is unsuitable. Do not install the home until all issues are remedied. .)Kyline 8 TABLE 1. WIND ZONE BY LOCALITY areas except those areas listed below as being within Wind Zone 11 or Ill Counties of Baldwin and Mobile All counties except those listed below as within Wind Zone III Counties of Bryan, Camden, Chatham, Glynn, Liberty, McIntosh Parishes of Acadia, Allen, Ascension, Assumption, Calcasieu, Cameron, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Evangeline, Iberia, Iberville, Jefferson Davis, Lafayette, Livingston, Pointe Coupee, St. Helena, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Landry, St. Martin, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Vermillion, Washington, West Baton Rouge, and West Feliciana Counties of Hancock and Washington Counties of Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, Nantucket, and Plymouth Counties of George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone Counties of Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington Counties; of Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, Jasper, and Williamsburg Counties of Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kennedy, Kleberg, Mata- gorda, Nueces, Orange, Refugio, San Patricio, and Willacy Cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth', Princess Anne, and Virginia Beach Entire state Coastal regions (as determined by the 90mph isotach on the ANSI/ASCE 7-88 map) Counties of Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Lee, Martin, Manatee, Monroe, Palm Beach, Pinellas, and Sarasota Parishes of Jefferson,1a Fourche, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. ;Mary, and Terrebonne Counties of Carteret, Dare, and Hyde All regions of the U.S. Territories of American -Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands,. Puerto Rico, Trust Terri- tory of -the Pacific Islands, and the'United States Virgin Islands STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE From Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone map, identify the thermal (UO) zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules. • No home may be located in an area with a higher thermal zone number than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 cannot be placed in Thermal Zone 3.) • A home may be located in a lower thermal zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 may be placed in either Thermal Zone 2 or 1.). • In no case may a home designated for installation in the Humid & Fringe Climate," as identified on the data plate, be located outside of this region (Table 2). If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. Skyline Corporation 9 NH Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone wA yr ME MT NO MN map MA an I ID WY SD � MI � RI- N PA CT NV 'NE IA IL IN QH DE UT CO , VW VA . . v AK NI - 1 2 3 Tzo... M M O WJ.... 0.116 0.096 [Lon TABLE 2. HUMID AND FRINGE CLIMATE ZONES AlabamaCounties of Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale, Escambia,.Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lowndes, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Washington,, and Wilcox I Florida All counties and location, Georgia Counties of Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brantley, Brooks, Bryan, Calhoun, Camden, Char- leton, Chatham, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp, Decatur, Dougherty,,Early, Echols, Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Grady, Irwin, JeffjDavis, Lanier, Lee, Liberty, Long, Lowndes, McIntosh, Miller, Mitchell, Pierce, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Tattnall, Terrell, Thomas,,Tift, Turner,, Ware, Wayne, and Worth Hawaii All counties and locations Louisiana All counties and locations MississippiCounties of Adams, Ami e, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Issaquena, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marion, Pearl River, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Walthall, Warren, Wayne, and Wilkinson Counties of Brunswick, C Counties of Beaufort, Be Counties of Anderson, A Caldwell, Calhoun, Cam Fayette, Fort Bend, Fran Harris, Harrison, Nays, F Karnes, Kaufman, Kenn( Marion, Matagorda, Mav Nueces, Orange, Panole cio, Shelby, Smith, Starr; Waller, Washington, Wel STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF From Table 3, identify the Roof Load forms to the following rules. It, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, and, Pender Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, and Horry gelina, Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Bexar, Brazoria, Brooks, Burleson, 'on, Camp, Cass, Chambers, Cherokee, Colorado, Comal, De Witt, Dimmit, Duval, Falls, lin, Freestone, Frio, Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Gregg, Grimes, Guadalupe, Hardin, Anderson, Hidalgo, Hopkins, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells„ Illy, Kinney, Kleberg, LaSalle, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Live Oak, Madison, rick, McMullen, Medina, Milam, Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Polk,Rains, Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patri- ritus, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur, Uvalde, Val' Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, :), Wharton, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Wood, Zapata, and Zavala D ZONE for the home. Verify that the home con- • No home may be placed in an area with a higher roof load than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone cannot be placed in the Middle (30 psf) Roof Load Zone). • A home may be located in an area with a lower roof load than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the Middle (30 psf) Roof Load Zone may be placed in thel South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone). • There are special high roof load areas (primarily in mountains) not shown on the map. Contact the LAHJ or SAA for information about these areas. The home's data plate will indicate if the home has been designed for one of these high roof load areas. • Ramadas may be used in areas I ith roof live loads greater than 40 psf. Ramadas are to be self-supporti g, except that any connection to the home must be for weatherproofing only 10 Skyline Corporation Getting Started TABLE 3. ROOF LOADS BY LOCALITY roof load) Alaska All counties Maine Counties of Aroostook, Piscataquis, Somerset, Penobscot, Waldo, Knox, Hancock, Washington Middle.. ... • • . • • All counties •. . All counties Counties of: Buena Vista, Butler, Calhoun, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Clay, Dickinson, Emmet, Floyd, Franklin, Hamilton, Hancock,. Hardin, Howard, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Lyon, Mitchell, O'Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas, Sac, Sioux, Webster, Winnebago, Worth, Wright Counties of Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kanabec, Lincoln, Oxford, Sagadahoc, York County of Essex .. Counties of Alger, Alcona, Alpena, Antrim, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Dickson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Houghton, Iron, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Ros- common, Schoolcraft, Wexford - .. Counties of Aitkin, Anoka, Benton, Blue Earth, Brown, Cass, Carlton, Carver, Chippewa, Chisago, Cook, Cotton- wood, Crow Wing, Dakota, Dodge, Douglas, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Grant, Hennepin, Hubbard, Itasca, Isanti, Jackson, Kandiyohi, Kanabec, Koochiching, Lac qui Parle, Lake, Le Sueur, Lincoln, Lyon, McLeod, Meeker, Morrison, Millie Lacs, Mower, Martin, Murray, Nicollet, Nobles, Olmsted, Pipestone, Pine, Pope, Ramsey, Redwood, Renville, Rice, Rock, St. Louis, Sibley, Scott, Steele, Sherburne, Swift, Stearns, "Stevens, Todd, Wa- dena, Wright, Washington, Wabasha, Winona, Waseca, Watonwan, Yellow Medicine • All Counties • All Counties Counties of Cayuga, Clinton, Essex, Erie, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Schenectady, Seneca, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wyoming, Yates �. .. Counties of Brookings, Clay, Codington, Deuel, Grant, Hamlin, Hanson, Hutchinson, Kingsbury, Lake, Lincoln, McCook, Miner; Minnehaha, Moody, Turner, Union, Yankee All Counties Counties of Addison, Caledonia, Chittenden, Essex, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Rutland, Washington, Windsor • Counties of Ashland, Bayfield, Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Clark, Chippewa, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Flor- ence, Forest, Iron, Jackson, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vilas, Washburn • All Counties • - The states and counties not listed for the Middle or North roof load zone above are deemed to be within the South roof load zone. Is the data present and the home placed in the appropriate wind, thermal, . roof loadzones? ... STEP 5, CHECK LOCALCODES 00- • Stop installation activities and notify the home home retailer, purchaser and Skyline Corporation 11 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL COI Local regulations may set conditions for home. Consult the LAHJ, state manufac (See Resources, p. 4) for the specific Ic • Building codes that may affect frastructure. • Local requirements regulating • Setback requirements for prop • Fire separation distances. • Development covenants for the • The locations of flood hazard for homes installed in those an • In some areas, building permit. Prior to making any alteration 1 determine if plan approval and S AND SECURE PERMITS siting and installation of a manufactured d housing association, and the state SAA requirements, including: construction of site built structures and in - installation of manufactured homes. lines, streets, yards, and courts. specific property. eas and any special foundation requirements are required to install manufactured homes. the site and the home, contact the LAW to iermits are required. Areas subject to flooding. The foundation specifica- tions contained in this manual are NOT intended to address flood loads. If the home is in the flood plain, consult a registered engineer. 12 1 Skyline Corporation Prepare the Site A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the process of planning the site, evaluating the soil, and preparing the site for construction of the home's support system. . STEP 1. PLAN. SITE ACCESS (p. 13) STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT (p. 13) STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p 14) STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS (p. 14) . STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 14) STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY (p. 15) STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- / // tion company. Whoever is responsible must secure state permits from the states through which the home will pass. Site Preparation. The home In planning the route, avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the manufacturer has no con - home, such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses, and bridges not suitable trol over the site planning for the load. Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow and installation of the home branches, bushes, or other foliage to scrape against the home as the home is moved to unless the manufacturer is the site. Avoid ditches, berms, steep slopes, and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes responsible for the home's and soft spots into which the transporter's wheels may sink. Avoid moving over steep installation. Final responsi- changes in grade (20 degrees or more). bility for site preparation, If required, provide for home storage and staging areas on the site. Plan the delivery and including soil stability and frost heave control, lies with staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, home the installer. An improperly sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate se- prepared site may result in quence. Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively maneu- the denial of a foundation- vered during the installation process. Plan for temporary needs, such as dumpsters, port- related warranty claim. able toilets, crew parking, delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer deliveries. Before moving the manufactured home to the site, inform the LAHJ and make sure the site is prepared and utilities are available. STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT The home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home location and layout in compliance with the regulations researched in Getting Started, STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 8). Contact utilities for Fire separation. Comply locations of existing infrastructure, such as underground cables, pipes, and electrical with any LAHJ fire separa- lines. tion requirements or the re - When planning the site improvements, consider the following: quirements NFPA 501 A, • The home location should be level. 2003 edition (Chapter 6). • Avoid contact with large trees, steep slopes, poorly drained areas, and poten- tial flood zones. • Preserve trees and shrubs for shade, visual screens, and windbreaks. • Plan the driveway, parking areas, septic, well, other structures, and utility lines. Skyline Corporation 13 • Consider future additions, • Site the home away from STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRA[ Trim overhanging foliage considering f and snow/ice-weighted branches. Rerr roots, twigs, dead branches, grass, ani any debris that could become termite ii move all other debris from the home to tions. Properly dispose of all items. Crown the site (Figure 4) away from tt slope of 1/2 inch per foot. Where prope tions prohibit this slope, provide the sit away from the structure. Any fill requin trolled fill" applied in a maximum of fou at least 90% of its maximum relative dt ditches and berms (Figure 5). If the he in from the edge of the. home. as screen rooms, porches, and awnings. I water paths. E THE SITE ture growth, potential storms, swaying in wind we organic material such as vegetation, wood, brush from directly under the home. Remove Tested from the site and surrounding area. Re- ation, including roots from beneath footing loca- foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum ty lines, walls, slopes, or other physical condi- with drains, swales, or grading to drain water i to grade the site should be inorganic "con - inch layers, compacted between each layer to isity. Direct runoff away from the site using ie will have skirting, start grading from two feet kz A y 1► Hc use y A�' y � yyyyy W Arrows Indicate direction of water flow. Grade the ground so that water under porches, decks, and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible, use other methods such as a drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect un- der the home. The home is suitable for the installation lof gutters and downspouts. When gutters and downspouts are installed, direct runoff away from the home. STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for placement of a home. The design of the home's support system, including footing/pier spacing and size, will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil, and if ground anchors are used, by the soil's v,�ithdrawal strength. The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: • 'The soil must be firm and undisturbed (not previously excavated) or fill com- pacted to at least 90% of its msximum relative density. Uncompacted fill will settle over time, causing the home to shift and become unlevel. • Fill must not contain large deb' is. This too will settle over time. • The soil must not be comprised of organic clays or peat. Organic material can decay, causing settlement, and also may harbor pests that can infest the home. 11 i&AZZA Site drainage. Moisture un- der the home can result in structural damage to the floor system and other parts of the home. Failure to provide adequate slope/drainage can result -in moisture -related problems such as mold, mildew, and erosion. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure 5. Direct runoff away from the home Soil. Inadequate soil bearing capacity or a support sys- tem mismatched to the soil characteristics can result in excessive or differential settlement of the home, which can cause the home to go out of level, resulting in jammed doors and win- dows, cracks in finishes and ruptured plumbing connections. 14 1 ZjKyline uorpo The water table must be below the lowest level of the planned support sys- tem/foundation. A soil's bearing capacity can be greatly reduced when it is saturated with water. Note that water tables may vary with seasonal or cli- mactic conditions. Consult a geologist or the LAHJ if you are unsure of the water table level. The soil must not be a highly expansive type. Expansive soils can expand when they become saturated with water, causing the home to shift and be- come unlevel. If soils are expansive, contact a registered engineer, or regis- tered architect to assist with the design of the foundation system. STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE The soil under a home must be capable of withstanding the loads imposed by the weight of the home, its support system and furnishings, as well as any loads imposed by wind, snow, or other climactic conditions. SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY Determine the soil -bearing capacity in pounds per square foot (psf) before designing a support system. The higher the capacity (psf), the more weight the soil can hold without unduly compressing. As the soil -bearing capacity increases, footings can be reduced in size or spaced farther apart. Use one or more of the following methods to determine the site's soil bearing capacity: • Test the soil. Hire a registered geologist, registered engineer, or registered architect to determine the soil classification and maximum allowable soil bear- ing capacity by testing the soil in accordance with generally accepted engi- neering practice. • Obtain soil records. The local office of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (www.soils.usda.gov) and/or the LAHJ may have test results and/or soil analyses on file for the area. • Conduct a pocket penetrometer test. Use a pocket penetrometer to esti- mate allowable soil -bearing capacity as follows: 1. Select a location that will be under a footing. 2. Clear an area of a minimum of one square foot at least four inches deep or to the depth of the bottom of the planned footing. 3. Using the instructions provided with the pocket penetrometer, take at least five readings. 4. Discard the high and low readings and average the remaining readings. Round this result down to the nearest soil -bearing value shown in the right column of Table 4. 5. Confirm that the rounded result matches the soil description on Table 4. • Determine soil -bearing value by visual examination. If one of the options above is not available, the values on Table 4 can be used to establish soil - bearing capacity by visual examination. This method provides lower capacity values than the options above. Accurate soil identification typically requires special training or expertise. An engineer or building code official may be able to assist in classifying the soil found on the site. V&F*OZFZJ Soil bearing capacity. Sup- port systems on soils with bearing capacities less than 1,000 psf must be designed by a registered engineer or registered architect and approved by the LAHJ. Limitations of pocket pene- trometers. Pocket pene- trometers do not work on sand or gravel. Use Table 4 to determine allowable pressure for these types of soils. If you encounter a layer of gravel, test the soil under the gravel. Do not put the penetrometer on stones larger than its tip as this will provide an inaccu- rate reading. ine Corporation 15 TABLE 4. SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY IBY SOIL TYPE Rock or hard pan (class 1) j 4,000 Sandy gravel and gravel; very dense and/or cemented sands; 2,000 course gravel/cobbles; preloaded silts, clays and coral (class 2) Sand; silty sand; clayey sand; silty gravel; medium ,dense course 1,500 sands; sandy gravel; very stiff silt, sand clays (class 3) Clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt (classes 4A and 413) 1,000 Uncompacted fill, peat, organic clays (class 5) Professional testing, required Note to table: No allowances made for overburden pressure, embedment depth, water table height, or settlement problems. • Use default capacity. Use an lallowable pressure of 1,500 psf, unless site - specific information requires the use of lower values based on soil classifica- tion and type according to Table 4. Note that soil types may vary across a tome site. In this case, the soil with the lowest bearing capacity should be assumed wl�en designing the support system. Keep a re- cord of the soil -bearing capacity value; i will be used later to design the home's sup- port system. FROST LINE In climates subject to ground freezing, consult the LAHJ, a registered engineer, or reg- istered architect to determine the depth 6f the frost line. Figure 6 may be used as a guideline when there is no specific local determination. Keep a record of the frost depth; it will be used later to design the ome's support system. STEP 6. DETERMINE GROU ITY When using auger -type ground anchors to determine the anchor -holding strengtl b'5' D ANCHOR HOLDING CAPAC- n tie down the home, first, use a torque probe of the soil on the site. Figure 6. Average frost penetration depth (in feet) V&AZZA Torque Probe. Before using the torque probe, check with the utility companies for the location of under- ground cables or pipes to avoid contact with the probe shaft. 16 1 Skyline Corporation Use a torque probe with a shaft of sufficient length to test the soil at the depth of the anchor helical plate. Augur the probe into the ground, and following the probe manufac- turer's instructions, take the torque wrench reading in the area where the anchors will be installed and at the depth of the anchor helix. If the soil varies in consistency across the site, then use the lowest reading. Based on this reading, consult the anchor manu- facturer's charts to select the anchor type(s). Skyline Corporation 17 Install Footi n This chapter provides instructions for the Idesign and construction of individual footings that transfer the load from a single pier to the ground. A footing and pier together (discussed in Set the Home) is referred to as a "support." A footing may also be designed to carry the load of multiple piers (often called "strip" footings). The design of strip footings is not cov- ered in this manual. STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS All homes will need supports, and therefore footings, under the frame, marriage line (for multi -section homes), exterior wall o ienings and other heavy point loads. The home manufacturer may have provided a blocking diagram (or tags, labels, paint or other markings under the home) indicating the required locations and/or loads for perimeter, marriage line and/or frame supports specifically for this home. If so, the dia- gram or tags take precedence over the directions provided in this manual. Create a sketch of the home that include marr iage Cate ampl e of such a support he sketch will be u the exterior walls, the frame I -beams and the sed in this chapter to lo- e corresponding footing. Figure 7 is an line(s), if amulti-section home. �T each support, and note the size of t plan. Door Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers I -Beam (if required) \ o c I -Beam Frame Frame Members Frame Piers j Marriage Wall Piers Porch Post Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers Door Piers (if required) Frame Piers As the location and load for each supporij is determined, note it on the sketch. When selecting locations for supports, keep in Ind that increasing the spacing between supports will increase the load on that su�port and the size of the required footing. V&IOZ High roof loads. For roof loads of 40 psf or greater, a registered engineer or registered architect must determine the maximum marriage wall opening permitted without pier or other supports. Figure 7. Example of sup- port plan 18 Skyline Frame Members Frame Piers j Marriage Wall Piers Porch Post Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers Door Piers (if required) Frame Piers As the location and load for each supporij is determined, note it on the sketch. When selecting locations for supports, keep in Ind that increasing the spacing between supports will increase the load on that su�port and the size of the required footing. V&IOZ High roof loads. For roof loads of 40 psf or greater, a registered engineer or registered architect must determine the maximum marriage wall opening permitted without pier or other supports. Figure 7. Example of sup- port plan 18 Skyline DETERMINE LOCATIONS Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to the foundation at a specific point. Locate a support under each point load, including the following examples: • Exterior doors on side walls at both sides of each door (blocking is not re- quired at exterior doors on non -bearing end wails). • Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each open- ing (including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without inter- mediate supports, even if individual windows are less than four feet). • Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. • Locations where through -the -rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the marriage line and perimeter blocking is required (not required if the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). • Marriage line columns. • Load -bearing porch posts. • Under heavy (400 Ibs or greater) items, such as heavy furniture, waterbeds, fireplaces and large fish tanks. Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch. Supports are not required where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor (such as with additional outriggers or floor joists) and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. Figure 8 and Figure 9 identify typical point load support locations. Door Piers Figure 8. Typical point -load support locations Wall Piers ne corporation 19 Door or opening less than 48" in width \ Column post or wall less than 16" in width Footing Footings sized for spans C 1� Footings Footing = --- Footing = = Footing sized for & D respectively. (Note if `" "' sized for """""" `" """"" sized for """"""` ` " sized for ""` `"" "' " sized for Span D wall is less than 16" in Span C Span B Span A+B Span A width, use combined span C+D with a single pier) CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 5 to determine the loads on p int-load supports. For each support, find the columns with the appropriate roof load zohe and section width. Find the row(s) corre- sponding to the span (see Figure 9 for gL idance on determining spans). The number in the columns under the "M' and "P" headings are the loads for supports along the marriage line and perimeter res ectively (point loads in the center of a sec- tion, i.e. not along a marriage line or perimeter wall, require the load in the "P" column). Interpolation for openings between those shown in the table is permitted. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. TABLE 5. LOAD ON POINT -LOAD FOOTINGS M Figure 9. Typical point -load support locations along the marriage line 1010 720 1100 770 1200 830 1250 860 1370 930 1500 1000 1490 1000 1640 1090 1800 1180 1720 1130 1900 1240 2100 1350 2200 1410 '2440 1560 2700 1700 2670 1690 2970 1870 3300 2050 ® 2430 1550 2700 1710 3000 1880 3140 1960 3500 2180 3900 2400 3850 2380 4300 2650 4800 2930 m 3t40 3500 ;,,, 3900 -- , 4090 ,4570 5100 5040 - 5640 - 6300 - ; m 3850 4300 - 4800 5040 5640 6300 6220 6970 7600 m 4560 - 5100. 5700 - 5980 - 6700 - 7500 -- 7400 -- 8300 - 9300 - - - -- -- = Marriage line, P = Perimeter 20 Skyline STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS All homes require regularly spaced supports along all main frame [-beams. Select spacing between supports and sketch them on the support plan. Keep in mind that frame supports under homes with 8" deep kbeams may be no more than eight feet apart. Those under homes with 10" or 12" deep I -beams may be no more than 10 feet apart. Generally, greater distances between supports will require larger footings. Figure 10 shows typical frame support locations. CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 6 to determine the loads on frame supports. Find the column with the ap- propriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row corresponding to the selected support spacing. The number in the intersecting cell is the load. Loads on all frame supports can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. i ZZ Spacing frame supports. There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 10. Typical support locations for homes not re- quiring regularly spaced pe- rimeter supports TABLE 6. LOAD ON FRAME SUPPORTS FOR HOMES NOT REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING kyline Corporation 21 STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME ANI (Homes With Perime DETERMINE LOCATIONS Depending on design and location, some supports along all of the sidewalis and m This will be indicated on the data plate ai PERIMETER SUPPORTS w Blocking) es require regularly spaced perimeter ae walls in addition to frame supports. documents included with the home. If required, perimeter supports are only needed on bearing walls. Bearing walls are those walls that support the ends of roof trusses or rafters (typically sidewalls and mar- riage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalis of tag units). To minimize the number of required perinj eter supports, space them evenly between point load supports as shown in Figure 1 1 and Figure 12 (but not under spans). These figures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. Door Piers Perimeter Blocking Piers /% I -Beam Frame Members Frame Piers Wall Piers I -Beam Frame ( I Frame Piers V Porch Post Piers Door Piers Door or opening less than 48" in width \ Blocking Piers Main I -Beam B Column post or wall less than 16'. in width San A Span C San Marriage line ===`====__ffi�.j Footings supports �'""sized for Span C Footing i » Footing r�r x - Footing sized for sized for ""'""""'`" sized for Span B Span A+B Span A CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 7 to determine the loads on frE me and perimeter supports for homes requir- ing perimeter blocking. Find the column with the appropriate roof load (Table 3) and section width. Find the group of rows corresponding to the selected support spacing. The values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame, perimeter, and marriage line supports respectively. i // Spacing frame supports. There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 11. Typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Figure 12. Typical marriage line support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Skyline Corporation 22 Loads on supports of a given type (frame, perimeter, or marriage) can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 7. LOAD ON FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS FOR HOMES REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1530 1660, 1,850 " 1810 - ° ' 1970 2200 „ 2090 2290 2550 2460 2720 3110 2940 3270 3730 3410 3810 4350 .1660 „ ` 1890 2010°1660 1890 2010 1660' 1890 2011,0 2150 2340 2630 2560 2810 3150 3000 3280 3680 3540,. 3930', 4510 4250 4750 5440 4960 5570 6370 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2760. 3020 3400 3310 °`' 3640 4100 3870 4270 4800' 4620 5130 5910 5570 6230 7150 6520 7320 8390 2560 2940 3150 2560 2940 3150 25,60 2940 31.50 3370 3690 4180 4070 4480 5050 4760 5260 5930 STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIAL Select one of the products and materials from Table 8 for the footings. TABLE 8. FOOTING MATERIALS Material Appropriate Minimum 6" thick poured -in -place concrete pads, slabs, or ribbons with at least a 28 Poured concrete All soil types day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Cast -in -place concrete footings may also require reinforcing steel based on acceptable engineering practice, the design loads, and site specific soil conditions. Minimum 4" thick nominal precast concrete pads meeting or exceeding ASTM C Pre -cast conerete All soil types . ' 90-02a, Standard Specification for Load BearingConcrete Masonry Units, without 'reinforcement, with at aeasf a 28-day compressive strength;of 2,500 psi. Use in accordance with the pad manufacturer's instructions. Must be certified for ABS plastic Stable soils use in the soil classification at the site, listed and labeled for the required load ca- pacity. Proprietary systems Consult system mapufac- Consult system manufacturer. . Two layers of nominal 2-inch thick wood x 24" maximum length, pressure -treated Pressure -Treated Lum- Stable soils with a water borne preservative, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use ber Category 413 ground contact applications. Cut ends of pressure treated lumber must be field treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4-02. Singie layer of -nominal x, inch thick maximum '16 inch x 16 inch, or two" layers of 3/a Pressure -Treated P)y- � iri'ch.'thick,forSizcs greater than 16 inch x 16 inch. Rated�exposure 1 or exterior ` wood; Stable sods '°°sheathing in accordance with FS-1-07 Construetion`and IndustriaLPlywood. Pres „`sure treated in accordance with AWPA Standardi�1=04'for Use Category4B ground contact applications: ne Lorporatlon 23 STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS Once the load on the footing and the soil -bearing capacity are known, calculate the size of each footing as follows: Il 1. From Table 9 determine if the piers to be of single -stack blocks (8 inch x16 inch) or double -stack blocks (16 1nch x 16 inch) pier. 2. Locate the group of rows in Table 10 with the soil -bearing capacity determined in Prepare the Site, STEP 5. 139TERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15). Use the net lowest value if the exact value does not appear. 3. Read across the table to determine the minimum required footing area and the minimum footing thickness for thle corresponding footing type (single or dou- ble -stacked blocks). 4. The required footing size may be c anged by selecting another support spacing (Table 6 or Table 7). TABLE 9. PIER CONFIGURATION Less than 36 in, (except corner piers more than 3 blocks high) Between 36 in and 67 in and cor- ner piers over 3 blocks high Over 67 in 54 in or less .,In or -'less Single stack blocks with long side 8,000 lbs. perpendicular to I-beam Double, interlocked blocks 16,000 lbs. Double, interlocked blocks Single -stack blocks with long side parallel to perimeter rail (rim joist) side 8,000Ibs: line 8,000 lbs. V&OZZA Frost protection. When se- lecting footing materials, bear in mind the need for frost protection. Not all foot- ing materials are suitable for freezing climates. 5kyllne uorporatlon 24 Install Footings TABLE 10. FOOTING DIMENSIONS Foot -Minimum . . Footing .. . Capacity. 256 16 x 16 8 in. x 16 in. pier (single -stack 16 in. x 16 in. pier blocks) .. iii=�1111"AIL 4 800 4 (double-stack .. . ... . 800 _ 512 _ 16 x 32 4_ 1600 4 1600 324 18 x 18 4 1010 4 1010 400 20 x 20 4 1250 4 1250 576 24 x 24 4 1800 4 1800 900 30 x 30� �m 4 2810 4 2810 256 16 x16 4 1680 4 1680 512 16 x 32 4 3370 4 3370 324 18 x18 4 2130 4 2130 400 20 x 20 4 2630 4 2630 576 24 x 24 4 3800 4 3800 900 30 x 30 4 5930 4 5930 256 16 x16 4 2570 4 2570 512 " 16 x 32' 4 5150 4 5150 1500 324 18 x18 4 3260 4 3260 400 20 x'20 4 4020 4 4020 576 24 x 24 4 5800 4 5800 900 30 x 30 68000 6 8910 256 16 x16 4 3460 4 3460 512 16 x 32 6 6840 6 6840 2000 324 18 x18 4 4380 4 4380 400 20 x 20 4 5410 4 5410 576 24 x 24 6 7700 6 7700 900 30 x 30 6 8000 6 12030 256 16 x16 4 4350 4 4350 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 8620 324 2500 18 x 18 4 5510 4 5510 400 20 x 20 4 6800 4 6800 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 9700 900 30 x 30 8 8000 8 15000 256 16 x 16 4 5240 4 5240 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 10400 3000 324 18 x18 4 6630 4 6630 400 20 x 20 '4'' 8000 4 8190 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 11700 900 =30 x 30 8' 8000 8 16000 Note: The capacity values listed have been reduced by the dead load of the concrete footing. Design footings to comply with the following additional requirements: • Design each footing at least slightly larger than the base of the pier it supports. • To keep footings directly under 1-beams and other support points, size them slightly larger than the min. required area to allow slight adjustment of the pier location during home installation. • Design footings with a footing extension (projection beyond the base of the pier) no N X r_ Z M n O O O Z Z U) a r a O Z a Z C D r ZjKyline Lorporatlon 25 greater than the footing thickness 4" �+ Footing Extends Y ES By Its Thickness Or Less 6" NO Extends By More Than Its Thickness 4" 8" Split Footing Extends YES Less Than One Third Its width 13). Increase footing thickness if necessary. 16" Block T TYP 24" 16" Al NO 24" 6" YES a6' 4" 4" Split Footing Extends NO Mon: Than One Third I is width • The footing sizes shown are for Square pads and are based on the surface area (square inches) Design non-sgtjlare footings such that the area and depth is equal to or greater than the are and depth of the square footing shown in Table 10, and the distance from the edge of the pier to the edge of the footing is not more than the thickness of t e footing. • For four -inch thick unreinforced precast concrete footings, use the minimum footing size for the six-inch cast-�n-place footing from Table 10. TABLE 10A. FOOTING EQUIVALENTS 16 x 16 Single 20 Single 201x 20 Double- 24.' 1 Double 24 x 24 Quad 28 Triple 30 x 30 ` Quad 36 STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS Construct the footings as follows: • Maintain the distance between e spacing and so the average dist less than the tabulated spacing. • Whenever possible, place point tions. If plumbing, electrical, met no more than 6 inches in either I • Recess perimeter blocking supp than 10 inches from the edge of Figure 14. ant piers to within 10% of the tabulated between any adjacent spans is equal to or I supports directly under the required loca- tical equipment interferes, place supports ;tion of the support point. and perimeter point load supports no more floor with added support as shown in Figure 13. Maximum foot- ing extensions Placing Concrete an- chors. If anchors will be placed in concrete, follow instructions in Install Stabilizing System (p. 66) to determine anchor layout. Either place an- chors immediately after the concrete has been poured or drill them in af- ter the concrete has set. 26 1 Skyline Corporation 4x4 Or2-2x4'S On Edge Toqether) Spanning Mr Flo( r Rim Plate 1(r N From Ei • If footings are rectangular, orient them so that the long side is perpendicular to the home's I-beam. • Place the bottom of footings on undisturbed soil or fill compacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. • In freezing climates protect footings from the effects of frost heave in accor- dance with any LAHJ requirements (see Prepare the Site, p. 13). Place the bottom of the footings below the frost line (insulated foundations and monolithic slabs are other frost protection options not covered in this manual). • Make sure the top surface of the footing is level, flat, and smooth. In accordance with the American Concrete Institute publication ACI-308, maintain curing measures before construction or installation onto the concrete footing begins, until a minimum of 70% of the specified 28-day compressive strength has been achieved. The ACI recommended time to attain this level of strength is seven days for ASTM C150 Type 1 mixtures and 10 days for Type II mixtures. Full design live and dead loads may not be applied until the 28-day duration has elapsed for achieving full strength. 16" 'Si(ole<Pad Footing k Load ,4 t T 2 Doutile Pad Footing Quad Pad Footing 16',x 16" Plywood Pad FooBngs or 16" x 16',' x V Concrete Pad Footings Load:disttbuting t pad for support : - „ .1l.a• .ice-�.^. 24 i Single Pad Footing l,� t Double Pad Foot!ria, 2" x:12"•x 24". Lumb'er Pad. Footincs' Figure 14. Perimeter sup- ports Excavation. If excavation is required, mark the footing locations on the ground with stakes before beginning to dig. Figure 14A. Footing pads. Corporation 27 Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD -BEARING This chapter provides guidelines and re( dation using a load -bearing perimeter w edge of the home to support the home's columns, and cross beams that support STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDA STEP 2..EXCAVATE (p. 28) STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE F STEP 4°.'CONSTRUCT THE P STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR STEP`6. WATERPROOF FOU STEP 7. BACKFILL AND STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDAI If a load -bearing perimeter wall foundatio manufacturer, it is the responsibility of the sign approved by an engineer or architec installed. The approved design must com design, waterproofing, and drainage, and • The foundation perimeter bearin slab or continuous strip footing a piers must be supported by a sls rior piers, they may be designed ETER WALL) emendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foun- A load -bearing perimeter wall foundation system uses a wall along the outer tside walls. This perimeter support works with interior supports such as piers, home's frame and, if multi -section, marriage line. DESIGN (p. 28) rING OR'SLAB,(p. 28) METER WALL (p. 28) > (p. 29) 4TION WALL (p. 29) (p. 29) ION DESIGN design has not been provided by the home retailer and/or home owner to provide a de - licensed in the state where the home will be ly with the LAHJ regulations for foundation he following: wall must be supported with a concrete ound the perimeter of the home. Interior > or footings. If footings are used under inte- is in Prepare Footings, p. 18. • Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. • Footings and slabs must be prot tending the footings to or below shallow foundation design. STEP 2. EXCAVATE Excavate for the foundation, properly backfill or site -grading purposes. STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE F( Construct the foundation according to the foundation wall, drainage system, footing STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE P Unless the approved design requires oth tared and reinforced concrete blocks or r inforcement according to the approved d openings according to the approved desi quirements in Complete Under the Hon When constructing pockets for an H-t cate the pockets carefully. It is critical ;d from the effects of frost heave by ex - frost line or by using a frost protected of the earth that is not needed for 1TINGS OR SLAB proved design, including the perimeter and/or slab. ,RIMETER WALL wise, construct the perimeter wall with mor- nforced poured -in -place concrete. Install re- sign or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access i, or if not specified, according to the re - STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 98). system, measure the beam depth and lo- when the home's frame rests on top of the T ZZ Using engineered designs. This section is NOT intended to provide a complete design for a buildable foundation. A complete design must be ob- tained that is suitable for the local area and sealed by a professional engineer or reg- istered architect, licensed in the state. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to be installed on a basement or a crawlspace have been or- dered with a recessed frame or as foundation -ready, where the frame is designed to avoid interference with the foundation wall. Checking the water table. For basements, check for a high water table. The water table may vary seasonally or based on weather conditions. A ge- ologist can perform an algae test to determine the water table level. The foundation design must account for a high water table. Skyline Corporation 28 H-beam, the perimeter of the floor rests squarely on the foundation wall sill plate (Figure 15). Leave room for a two-inch nominal, pressure treated wood spacer on top of the wall pockets (to prevent corrosion, the steel beams must not be in direct contact with concrete). Leave at least one inch for thermal expansion at the ends of the beams and maintain a minimum of two inches of bearing area for the beams in the pockets (yielding a minimum pocket depth of three inches). Bolt a pressure treated wood sill plate (minimum 2 x 6) to the top of the foundation wall. If the home's siding cannot be nailed through, use a 2 x 10 sill plate that extends into the foundation 1-1/4 inches (Figure 16). The home can then be connected to the foundation by fastening the sill plate into the floor joists from below. Connect the home to the foundation according to the approved design. Recess nuts into the sill plate and cut off the ends of bolts so they do not project above the sill plate and interfere with the placement of the home. Floor Pressure Treated Chassis Sill Plate Main I -Beam Transverse H-beam Pressure Treated Plate 8 x 8 x 16-inch ..< Concrete Block STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS Install piers, columns and H-beams to support the interior of the home according to the approved design. STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL Damp proof the foundation wall no less than up to the height of the planned backfill. STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the fill as per Prepare the Site (p. 13). Level the wall. Make sure the foundation is level and straight with no more than a 1/4 inch vertical variation over the entire foundation and no more than 1/8 inch vertical variation over any two -foot length. Check for Plates. When using an H-beam system, check and compensate for rein- forcement plates that add thickness to the chassis beam at axle locations. Figure 15. H-beam installation Figure 16. Connection using 2 x 10 sill plate Limits of excava- tion. When a crane will be used, excavate no more than two feet outside the founda- tion perimeter. Unexcavated ground will provide a more stable base for the crane. Footing heights. Pour foot- ings to a height that will re- duce the need to cut blocks or shim when building peri- meter walls and piers. V // Backfilling. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is connected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Skyline Corporation 29 Set the Home This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home (for single section homes this is the only sec- tion) onto the foundation. STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Before beginning the home set, complete • Confirm that the site is properly 13. • Ensure that the footings are in p • Install any utilities that will be dif the home) after the home is in p • Secure or remove from the hom to shipping documents for items • Inspect the home interior, extern equipment. Immediately report s following: red and graded (see Prepare the Site, p and properly located. to install (e.g. those below grade beneath and properly store all ship loose items (refer hipped with the home). and all provided materials, appliances, and y damage or shortages to the manufacturer. • The ground moisture retarder may be installed now or after the home is com- plete. See Complete Exterior I I ork, STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER (p. 97) for requirement and then return here. For perimeter bearing wall foundations: • Check that the length and width pf the home match with the foundation walls. • Check that the two main diagor • Check that the foundation walls level overall and within 1/8 inch • For multi -section homes, check each portion of the foundation c • For multi -section homes, find th riggers. Reverse them to the in., will be accessible after the horn • If using an H-beam system, ren with proper placement of the be measurements of the foundation are equal. nd other support points are within 1 /4 inch of f level within any four foot distance. iat each pair of diagonal measurements for responding to a home section are equal. electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear out- fe of the outrigger using star washers so they is placed on the foundation walls. ve the frame's shackle hanger if it will interfere STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION Position the home section in its final location (if possible, move the heaviest section of the home into place first). Then place materials needed to construct support piers near their final locations under the home as determined in Prepare Footings, (p. 18). STEP 3. LIFT HOME There are three primary methods availabl to place the home on the foundation: jacking, rolling and craning. Jacks, often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and anchor foundations; roller systems are commonly, used for crawlspace foundations with load - bearing perimeter walls; and cranes are lost commonly used for basement foundations. V&0#11ZZ Clearances under the home. After the home is leveled, the resulting distance between the bottom of the entire chassis main frame beam and the ground must be no less than 12 inches. Utilize proper cribbing. Manufactured homes weigh several tons. No one should be under the home (whether it is moving or stationary) unless proper cribbing is in place (Figure 17). Failure to utilize proper cribbing may result in serious injury or death. Leveling during jacking. Keep the home's floor as level as possible during jacking. Twisting or warping the floor can damage the structure and finishing. Use as many jacks as necessary to keep the floor flat and level. Skyline 30 JACKS If jacks are to be used, comply with all jacking safety precautions and the procedure be- low. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with utmost care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in serious injury or death. Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the home with jacks. • No one should be under the home's 1-beams while the jacks are being oper- ated or while the home is supported only on the jacks. • Use jacks only for raising the home. Do not rely on the jacks to support the home. • If possible, raise the home only on one side so that the other side is in contact with the ground. Leave the hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing equipment. • Obey all OSHA regulations. • Make sure adequate safety cribbing (Figure 17) is in place whenever the home, is placed on jacks. • Use a minimum of two commercial quality jacks, each with a rating of at least 12 tons. • Jack only on the main chassis I-beam, centering jacks directly under the beam. • Do not jack on a seam (joint between flanges of twin I -beams). • To distribute the concentrated loads from jacks to I-beam, place a minimum 3/8-inch thick steel plate, a C-channel, a 1 1/z-inch thick hardwood block or a commercial jacking plate, between the main chassis I-beam and the jack head. • Locate the jack base on firm ground. Never jack on freshly disturbed soil or where an underground sewer pipe may be located. • Use a firm support under the jack base to prevent tipping or settling of the jack. A minimum 16" x 16" or larger wood or rigid fiberglass pad is recommended. Never use concrete blocks as a support for a jack. Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: 1. Block wheels. Block the wheels so the house does not roll. 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing (Figure 17). Figure 17. Stack 4"x 6" by 5' long timbers as shown to form safety timbers. Place safety timbers under home behind axle area and under hitch. -- --- ..... - .-- -- 3. Level lengthwise. Locate one jack at the hitch and level the section lengthwise (such that the front and rear of the section are at the same height). 4. Locate frame jacks. Place a minimum of one jack just forward of the first spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on the side of the home that is lowest (making sure not to place jacks where the piers will go): Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 feet from each end of the I-beam. 5. Lift the home. Operating the jacks simultaneously (or sequentially in very small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final desired pier height. ROLLER SYSTEMS When using a roller system, comply with the equipment manufacturer's directions and the 31 following sequence: 1. Establish staging area. Estab both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller turer's directions. 3. Fasten bump blocks. Tempon at the ends of the foundation to tion. 4. Roll home. Roll the home into 5. Remove bump blocks. Remo) a multi -section home. CRANES When using a crane, follow these guid a staging area directly adjacent to one or according to the equipment manufac- ly fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates op the home from rolling at the desired loca- over the foundation. the blocks before installing the next section of • Position the home section(s)'and crane (taking the boom reach into considera- tion) such that they do not have tp be repositioned during the set. • Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to pre- vent damage to the structure. • Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting snaps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one pint on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the s�raps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling system, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and al- low the strap to be removed after, the home is set. • Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over) previously set sections. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up on jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer's blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 18). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based orl the location of the pier and its height as measured from the top of the footing or pad to the top of the cap. See Table 12 for pier construction requirements. V I 'A Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structural damage to the home. Install piers at all required locations. Failure to do so may lead to sag- ging floors, walls, and roofs, and could void the home's warranty. Skyline Corporation 32 TABLE 11_ PIER MATERIAL MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS Nominal dimensions of at least 8" x 8" x 16'; minimum load 8,000 lbs; confirming to ASTM designation C90, grade N. Solid masonry (nominal 4" x 8" x 16"pre-cast concrete without reinforcement); pressure treated lumber (nominal 2" x 8" x'1;6"); or steel (minimum 1/2"thick', corrosion protected by a min. of a 10 mil coating of an exterior paint or equivalent). Nominal 2" thick boards. calledShims (also Hardwood, minimum 4" width by minimum 6" length by maximum 1" thick (nominal); plastic must be listed with maximum load capacity; used in pairs. Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- • NEWW.- cal load capacity, and where required by design, for the appropriate horizontal load capacity. Metal or concretecast other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of .30 oz per sq. ft of surface coated. Pressure treated wood With a water borne preservative, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category 4B ground contact applications. TABLE 12. PIER CONSTRUCTION topConfiguration Maximum offset tobottom Maximum load Mortar and reinforce- Less than 36 in (except corner piers more than Single -stack blocks with long , „ /2 8,000 lbs. Not required blocks high) side perpendicular to I-beam Between 36 in and 67 in 1" (1/2" up to 36" and corner piers over 3 Double, interlocked blocks high) 16,000 lbs. Not required blocks high Over 67 in Designed, by a registered engineer or registered architect Single -stack blocks with long 1/2" up to 36" high, Perimeter 54 in or less* side parallel to perimeter rail 1" over 36" high 81000 lbs. Not required (rim joist) d Single -stack blocks with long 1/2" up to 36" high, 54 in or less* side perpendicular to the 1" over 36" high 8,000 lbs. Not required marriage line * Construct perimeter and marriage line piers over 54 inches according to the requirements for frame piers of the same height. N X r 2 rn 0 0 0 M a 0 z z Cn n r r a O z a z c a r Skyline Corporation 33 Prepare footing surface. Make Sure the footing surface upon which the pier sits is flat and smooth. Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks, or other material off the surface of the footing. For cast -in -place concrete foot- ings, if the footing surface is uneven, create a level, flat surface by placing a treated board on the footing and mortaring on the first block (or manufactured pier base), or by placing the first block (or manufactured pier base) on a layer of premix dry sand mortar. 2. Stack blocks. Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side -by -side, orient each layer at right angles to the previous one (Figure 18) and plan blocks so that split caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and to the I-beam. Typical metal pier. See Table 11 Main I -Beam Wood Shins to F➢ Gaps Up to 1"Max Optional2x6 Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Cap or 2x8x16 P.T. or Flaaixood Cap Typical 8x8x16 Concrete Block Typical Footing Main I -Beam ood Shins to Fill Gaps Up to T Max O tonal (2) NEI or (1) 2x12 Spacer 4x8x 16Concrete Cap Typical 8x8x16 Concrete Block a Typila For6g Where available piers do not have the required. capacity; two or ri igre'plers may be used. The sum of the pier' apacities shall be at least equal to the load' specified. 3. Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length arld width as the piers they rest upon. When us- ing split caps on double -stacked block piers, install the caps with the long dimen- sion perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and to the main I-beam. 4. Install shims. Use shims to lev base of the I-beam and the top (Figure 19). Drive them in tight] vertical space. When the space less than the minimum thicknes hardwood dimensional lumber ( thick concrete block. For split cl ber/blocks over each individual the home and fill any gaps between the the pier cap. Always use shims in pairs so they do not occupy more than one inch of be shimmed is greater than one inch and of available caps or concrete blocks, use /o inches maximum thickness) or 2" or 4" s. install shims and dimensional lum- Skyline Corporation 34 Figure 17A. Multiple Piers. Figure 18. Frame pier con- struction r zZ Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- low it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. A water level is a standard device for leveling the home. The level consists of the following components: • One container (five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). 150 feet of 1/2 inch diameter plastic tubing. Fittings for container to tubing. I• Valve for terminal end of tubing. Liquid for system: colored'water in warm climates, windshield washing fluid in cold climates. o use a water level -� a., Position level. Position the level such that it can reach all piers. b. Place container. Place the container so that the fluidin the con- tainer is at the same level as the desired level of the top of the supports under the home,, allowing for any bracing below the f level of the 1-beams. c.' Uncoil tubing. Uncoil the tubing and fill with fluid, taking care not to introduce bubbles into -the hose. Never allow anything to crimp or crush the tubing so as to impede the free flow of fluid. d. Bleed air. Hold the valve below the level of the water container; open the valve to bleed out any air and close the valve. e. Establish height. Locate the tubing adjacent to a pier that is set to the desired final height. Position the valve above the pier and open the valve. Move the water container up or down to where the water level is at the desired final height of the pier. Maintain the water container in that position and close the valve. f. Level piers. Move the tubing to the next pier. Hold the valve above the pier and open it. Set the pier height to the level of the Skyline Figure 19. Correct shim placement Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using stan- dard unit dimensions (with- out cutting). i I / A Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is no more than 1/4 inch differ- ence between adjacent pier supports (frame or perime- ter) and the exterior doors and windows of the home do not bind and can be properly operated. Water level operation. To operate the water level properly, both ends of the system must be open to the atmosphere and there must be approximately the same amount of fluid in the tubing at all times (within a few inches). 35 water in step 6. Complete the opposite side. Jack the other side of the section up and install piers following the instructions above. At the completion of this step, the sec- tion should be level from front to rear and from side to side. 7. Install perimeter and marriage line piers. Install perimeter piers and for multi -section homes, marriage line piers. Position marriage line piers to pro- vide equal bearing for both mating sections. 8. Remove running gear. Remove hand store, recycle or properly dispose of the hitch, axles, and wheels. These itoms are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. Skyline 36 Complete Multi -Section Set This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween units, raising and fastening hinged roofs, and fastening the home to a load -bearing perimeter wall foundation. STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line now; before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System (p. 66). After install- ing marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi -Section Set. STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation. Do not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, raise the roof us- ing a crane or roof jacks following the procedure below: 1. Position lift points. Position the roof lift points (jacks or crane lift points) fol- lowing the jack manufacturer or crane operator instructions. Space roof lift points equally along the length of the roof with no more than five feet from the end of the roof to the first or last lift points. Use three lift points for a roof up to 48 feet long (excluding overhangs), four lift points for up to 60 feet, and five lift points for up to 72 feet. 2. Remove fasteners. Remove any temporary fasteners connecting the hinged portion of the roof to the vertical king posts. 3. Lift roof. Raise the roof to its intended height. A temporary slight overexten- i / A Position roof jacks. Posi- tion jacks vertically to pre- vent the jack foot from kick- ing out or sliding. Caution during roof rais- ing. Do not enter the roof cavity during the raising procedure. Checklists for alternate construction. If the serial number (see the data plate or the chassis front cross member) has the letters "AC" before or after it, then the Alternate Construction on -site check list supplied with the home must be completed and returned to the home manufacturer in a timely manner. If the AC e Corporation 37 4. sion may be required during lifti roof and damage the hinge. Rai ing it level throughout the entire ing paper and shingles to get cE Secure king posts. Secure the ridgebeam by driving two (2) #8 the hinged king post (at Wind ZI Zone II or III. (Figure 21 and Fi Lifting Fixed i 2-#8x3" screws at Wind I. 548x3-1/2" screws at Zone II and III. e �I i 2-#8x3" screws at Wind Zone I. 5480-1/2" screws at Wind Zone II and III. However, take care not to overextend the the roof evenly in small increments, keep- ucess to prevent racking. Do not allow roof- ht in the hinge crease. (Figure 20) :)veable portion of the king post to the wood screws through the beam and into 1). Use five (5) #8x3-1/2" screws at Wind ire 22). Hinged King post post / Truss King with angled Post. Factory installed 2x8 rail. 5. Redistribute Insulation. Before losing up the attic space check that the in- sulation has not shifted. Re -level the insulation if needed. 6. Install gable walls. Assembled frames or wall studs and sheathing needed for the site assembly of the gable end walls may be provided. Install the gable end walls for each home section s follows Figure 23. End wall completion: • Studs: Install studs 16 inches' o.c. with 3-12d nails or 4-15Ga.x7/16"x2- 1/2" staples, and; • Sheathing: Install 3/8" min OSB sheathing with 8d nails or 16Ga. x 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples 6" o.c. checklist relates to the roof, then failure to do so may require future disassembly of the roof and further in- spections. Figure 20. Typical roof lifting arrangement. The final position of the truss is shown on the truss detail included with this manual. Figure 21. Ridge beam to hinged king post fastening Figure 22. Alternate ridge beam to king post fastening Skyline Corporation 38 7. Install vents. Extend plumbing vents, exhaust fans, appliance vents, and fire- place stacks through the hinged portion of the roof in strict accordance with this manual (Prepare Appliances and Equipment, p. 87) and/or supplemen- tal instructions provided by the home manufacturer. 8. Roof Close-up. A paper spacer has been placed between the two courses of shingles at the hinge to prevent premature sealing of the upper course. Re- move this paper and fasten the upper course in place as shown on the shingle installation instructions. Repeat procedure on other half of home. The units should now be joined together. The fastening of the ridgebeam halves to- gether as specified in this manual can be accomplished either by reaching down from the roof opening at the ridge or by moving along inside the roof cavity. Care should be taken not to damage the ceiling during this operation. 9. Ridge Assembly. Some models will require the framing of the peak area of the home to be completed on site. Extend peak close off frame from each half until they meet at the mating line. (Figure 24) Fasten each peak frame block to each truss top chord w/3-10d nails. Fasten the peak rails together w/10d nails 8" o.c. or w/#8x3" screws 8" o.c. Attach the roof sheathing at the peak to the blocking w/1 5Ga.x7/1 6"x1 -1 /2" staples or 8d nails 4" o.c. There is not a removable piece of roof decking at the peak (for ridgebeam access with this type of construction. Install roof felt and remaining shingles to complete the peak close -off. Extend peak sections 14 i to mating line. iF Fasten peak rails together i w110d nails or OW screws I 8" O.C. i Hinged truss Ridgebeam f (typical) (typical) Z. • Fasten each block to each o.c. truss w13-10d nails (typical). STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET A continuous, non -porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier must be installed on at least one side of the marriage line; along the floor, end walls and ceiling (and mar- riage lines for any tag units). Skyline Corp. has installed this gasket in the factory. In- spect the gasket and repair any gaps or tears. If not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections along the floor, end walls, and ceiling (Figure 25). For homes with through -the -rim crossover ducts (see Crossover Connections, p. 53) inspect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4- inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. En- sure that duct openings are unobstructed. Figure 23. End wall comple- tion V&Orzz Inspecting vents. Fuel fired heating appliance and fire- place vents that pass through a hinged roof must be completed and in- spected at the site prior to energizing the appliance or occupying the home. Fail- ure to comply with this pre- caution may result in seri- ous injury or death. Venting systems must be installed in conformance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions and any in- structions supplied with the home. Figure 24. Ridge Assembly i&AZZ Checking through -the -rim - ducts. Ensure that through - the -rim -duct connections are secure and tight after the home sections are to- gether. rporatlon 39 0 �%r^ STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONA Follow this procedure to install additional h 1. Remove obstructions. Remove that will keep the home sections f temporary ceiling and floor plates ing care not to damage ceiling or riage line support posts (these su the home sections have been strn 2. Complete crossovers. Before m any crossover connections that re including the attic duct connectior trical connections (see Connect I 3. Position section. Position the se six inches) and line up with the pr positioning system or crane, folloi the crane operator's directions. beam Mating line gasket (factory installed) at endwalls, Floor mating line and ridge beam bottom flange. Mating line rim joist HOME SECTIONS sections: irotruding nails and staples or anything else )m fitting together snugly. If present, cut the at the edges of marriage line openings tak- oor coverings or displace temporary mar - ports and the plates will be removed after ;turally connected). ving the two sections together, complete quire access from the open marriage line, (if present) and marriage wall interior elec- rossovers, p.53). ;tion as closely as possible (ideally within �viously set section. If using a mechanical the system manufacturer's instructions or 4. Construct piers. With the outsidd walls of the home aligned, construct the piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home (p. 30) before continuing to the stepslbelow. 5. Level section. Lower the section Before releasing the mechanical 1 and other openings for misalignm out. The floors should be flush, le have little, if any, gap at the top o longs to pull the sections snugly t eling device to set all piers and st 6. Shim gaps. Shim any gaps up to dimensional lumber. If any gaps e eliminate such gaps. STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS Make floor structural connections accord )nto the outside piers first, inside piers last. :)sitioning system, check interior doorways !nts that may cause problems during trim - el, and tight and the roof section should the marriage line. Use at least two come-a- oether and use the water level or other lev- inch between structural elements with !d one inch, re -position the home to to one of the methods described below. Method 1: Install fasteners through rim joists With the home aligned at the floor and supported by its foundation, join the floors as shown in Figure 26 using the fastener type, size, and spacing indicated on Table 13. A gap of 1" is allowable. Gaps �arger than'/z" must be filled with plywood or lumber shims. ne Corporation Figure 25. Mating Line Gas- ket Mechanical posi- tioning system. For a pier - set home, a mechanical positioning system (such as a roller system) will make the process easier and safer and be less likely to damage the home. i /ZI Sealing gaps. Prior to com- pletion of the exterior close- up, gaps that do not exceed one inch are permitted be- tween structural elements provided that the gaps are closed before completion of close-up, the home sec- tions are in contact with each other, and the mar- riage gasket provides a proper seal. 40 TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Lag screw with 3/8" x 3" 24 - 36 in. 24 - 36 in washer Increase fastener lengths by 3 inches for double rim joists. Line Floor J fastener Decking Rim Joists Along Marriage Marriage Line Line Gasket Fastener Staggered At Next Spacing Interval 24 - 36 in. Figure 26. Floor connection Install additional fasteners as indicated below, making sure to repair any openings in the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). • Install two additional fasteners at each end of the home at approximately a 45 degree angle (+/- 5 degrees) from horizontal. Patch bottom • If the home has a through -the -rim crossover duct, install one additional fas- board. Use adhesive tener at each side of the duct opening. spray, mastic, and/or diver- • After installation of fasteners, repair tears or holes in the bottom board using gent staples in combination with bottom board tape for tape specially made for that purpose. a more secure and durable connection. kyline Corporation 41 STEP 7. CONNECT ROOF If the marriage line along the roof is not the outside I-beam and uniformly lift the Check to make sure the ceiling joint is flu: use a jack and tee to raise whichever ceili the rear of the home. Fasten the roof alon below for either double or triple -section he DOUBLE -SECTION HOMES Make roof structural connections in scribed below. position jacks every 20 feet or less along in until the roof area is tight. before installing the connections. If not, 3 is low, starting at the front and working to the marriage line using one of the methods homes according to the method de - Install fasteners through ridge beam To obtain access into the ceiling cavity, fold back the underlayment paper and remove the 16" wide sheathing panel(s) at the peals. The beam halves may be bolted or lag screwed together. Install bolts or lag scree s at 24" o.c. with 6 additional bolts/lags over interior beam supports. (Figure 27). Predr'll 1/4" piliot holes for lag screws at 1-1/2" down from the top of the beam and with a maximum offset from horizontal of 45 de- grees. Use fastener sizes as specified in fable 14. Stagger fasteners on each side of marriage line. Spacing indicated is on -center, both sides of ridge. Fasteners may be installed from one -side of ridge beam only. NOTE: (1) When beam support consists of a column instead of Centerline bearing wall, use 6 boltstiags at 3° o.c. each side of column. (2) Beam marked with paint at column locations. 3" 3° 1F 2a ,k za° ,k 24• 24° I k 221 I I NI Roof Ridge Beam , Endwall Hall bearing wall TABLE 14. ROOF CONNECTIONS SPECIFICATIONS Bolts with washers both 3/8" x 4-1/2" 2i in. 24 in. 24 in. sides Lagwashers screws with 3/8" x 5" 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. Skyline Corporation 42 V&*JVZZ Closing the roof gap. Level and fasten the marriage line joint at the floor before jacking to tighten a roof gap. DO NOT use roof fas- teners to close any gaps. Separation of the ridge beams and trusses may occur. Figure 27. Ridge beam fas- tening Wind Zones II and III an optional metal cap or straps may be installed as follows: Caps i t // • Select metal caps made of minimum 8" x 30 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" Installing lags. If lags are aluminum. • Install caps continuously, overlapping by minimum of four inches at splices. used to connect roofs, use pilot holes and use appro- • Fasten caps with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4" long x 3/8" priately sized washers. diameter head roof nails or #8 x 1-1/4" sheet metal screws at two inches o.c. When to use metal straps. both sides of ridge. If a ridge vent will be in - Straps stalled, use straps instead • Select metal straps made of minimum 1-1/2" wide x 26 ga galvanized steel or of a continuous cap. 0.019" aluminum. • Space straps a minimum of 96 inches o.c. for Wind Zone II and a minimum 80 inches o.c. for Wind Zone III. TRIPLE -SECTION HOMES For triple -section homes where roof lines run parallel to each other on adjacent units (Figure 29), follow the instructions in the appropriate method below to complete the connections at the roof. Method 1: Install fasteners through pre -installed sheathing For homes where sheathing is in place on both sides of the marriage line (Figure 28) install fasteners from the low side of the roof on an angle so as to penetrate roof beams on both sides of marriage line, using the fastener specifications and spacings indicated on Table 15. Figure 29.Triple-section roof Center Section Outer Section connection Method 1 Factory -Installed U nderlayment Factory -Installed Shingles See Skyline Corporation Field -Installed Manufactured Home Adden- sningles dum for Triplewide homes for Factory -Installed additional information. Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underla mentMin6"Wide i I I Metal (Optional) Fastener ne, uorporat(on 43 Plan TABLE 15. ROOF CONNECTION TIONS Lag screw 3/8" x 4-1/2" 24in. 24in. 24in. Bolts 3/8" x 5" 241n. 24in. 24in. Method 2: Install fasteners with ship loose sheathing For homes where sheathing is shipped loose to be installed on site (Figure 30) fasten field -installed sheathing to all underlying blocking and framing with 15 ga 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples at four inches o.c. in field and penrrjeter. Field installed shingles Field installed sheathing Field installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwbween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) Factory installed shingles Factory installed underlayment STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS Once the home is secured along the marr terior doorways, and marriage line partitio scribed below. END WALLS Install toed fasteners through sheathin Toe fasteners through sheathing from the (+/- 5 degrees) (Figure 31) according to tl quirements in Table 16. installed sheathing e line floor and roof, secure end walls, in - according to the appropriate method de- terior at an approximately 45 degree angle fastener specifications and spacing re - Figure 29.Triple-section home Figure 30.Triple-section roof connection Method 2 44 Gasket Wall Studs Exterior Siding or Exterior Siding Underlayment Fastener TABLE 16. END WALL FASTENER SPECIFICATIONS MARRIAGE WALL COLUMNS, OPENINGS AND INTERIOR PARTITIONS Make connections inside the home along the marriage walls (Figure 32 and Figure 33) by installing fasteners according to the specifications and spacing requirements in Table 17. Toe screw 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 studs; through -screw 2 x 3 studs. Interior Wall 'Butts Into Marriage Walls tfWall Covering Applied At Manufacturing Faclllty Optional: Field Applied Gyp Board Not Less Than 24"Nor Larger Than 48". Fasten Per Notes Skyline Corporation Figure 31. End wall connec- tion toed through sheathing Figure 32. Marriage wall connections Figure 33. Marriage line col- umn connections 45 TABLE 17. MARRIAGE WALL CO Wood screw #8 STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS After the main unit has been set on its foun following procedure: 1. Position and block the tag. Posi possible at its intended location. l ing and install pier supports accor HOME SECTION (p. 30). Determi designed to line up flush or are of accordingly. 2. Level the unit. Using a water Iev( elevation of all points along the lo, than 3/8 inches from the desired I inches overall. 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the the floors together as described it Connect walls. Secure the tag ui 4" screws at 12 inches o.c. (see F may not be included by the manui last stud bay was tacked in place Once the wall connections are coi the siding installation. SPECIFICATIONS 16 in. o.c. , install all tag units according to the )n the tag unit as close to the main unit as e a hitch jack to obtain approximate level- ng to Set the Home, STEP 2. POSITION whether the tag and main unit floors are at by a step and adjust the tag pier heights (p.35), verify that the piers are level. The :r flange of the I-beam should be no more iaht and should not deviate more than 3/4 iag unit is level with main unit floor, connect STEP 5. CONNECT FLOORS (p. 40). it walls to the main unit sidewall using #8 x gure 34). The sheathing shown in the detail acturer. If included, the sheathing over the it the factory for easy removal at the site. iplete, re -install the sheathing and complete 4. Connect roofs. Connect the tag Iunit roof to the main unit roof using #10 x 5" screws or 3/8" x 6" lag screws, toe screwed at each main unit vertical struc- T zz Piers under tag units. Some tag units have spe- cial piering needs due to the roof and/or floor con- struction. These will be de- tailed in supplemental pier- ing plans supplied with the home. Note that tag unit end walls are typically load bearing rather than side walls. Figure 34. Tag unit wall connection tural member (stud or truss) location. See Figure 35 for flush roof connections and Figure 36 for roof connections with an offset greater than two inches. Roof connections with an offset less than two inches do not require screws. Shingla t,ndamYmerd Figure 35. Tag unit flush roof Instal Flashing Rat Shi Over J0 connection Metal Fascia Figure 36. Tag unit offset Festercer Roof OadzV roof connection Man Unl Sturgles ' Tag Una Main Unl —-'�—---- Metal F§shig (or Top Course Rwfl)ecking of Urryl Siding) Tag Uni Fastener skim UK STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS Once the home is properly supported and the marriage line connections are completed, remove the temporary ridge beam supports and wall/ceiling plates used to brace the ridge beam during shipment. Take care not to damage the ceiling. Remove and store or properly dispose of or recycle the hitch, axles, and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION Fasten the home to the foundation (typically to the sill plate) according to the fastening schedule provided by the manufacturer. STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the waterproofing, taking care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the site as described in Prepare the Site, STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p.14). STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS Construct the basement stairs in compliance with the local building code. Take care that adequate headroom is maintained under beams and that there is sufficient landing space at the bottom of the stairs. V I &// . When to backfill. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is con- nected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Cutting the chassis. Do not cut, notch, bend, or alter in any manner beams, cross - members, and other parts of the steel chassis. Skyline Corporation 47 A • - • Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. V, STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 48) STEP 2. COMPLETE,TAG-UNIT ROOF (p: 50) STEP 3. COMPLETE;SIDE WALLS (p. 50) STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi -section homes, the first step in co pleting the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line (Figure 37). For homes with asphalt shingles, follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials, follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. Shingle Metal (Wind Zone 2 & 3 Only) Factory Installed Shingles L Factory Installed Shingles Undarlaymenl Roof Deck 1. Install underlayment (when sheathing at the ridge is installed on site). Make sure the roof sheathing is alreadylinstalled (see Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 6. CONNECT ROOF, p. 401). Install 15# felt or equivalent continuously along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1" x 1 x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installa- tion, install them now using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head roof nails. For Wind Zone I, fasten at 5/8 inch above each tab cutout slot and one at ea ch end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (four fasteners for a three -tab shingle) (Figure 38). For Wind Zones II and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (six fasteners for I a three -tab shingle). Do not lfaste� through the shingle tar line. I�--36"Shingle 36"Shingle �I x x 12'% XX- - xx x 12" % Fastener Locations 3. Install underlayment. Install 15 felt or equivalent underlayment that is at least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement on both sides of the ridge under the underlayment. Skyline Corporation 48 Figure 37. Shingle installa- tion at ridge i I / A Weatherproofing. It is vitally important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to inclement weather. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove shipping pro- tection from the roof prior to completing roofing. Figure 38.Shingle fastener locations for Wind Zone / (left) and Wind Zones ll and 111 (right). o iunwa us 4. Install shingle cap. Starting at the opposite end of the home from the prevail- ing wind, install ridge cap shingles provided by the manufacturer or use 12" x V/, 12" shingles (36" shingles cut into three equal pieces) (Figure 39). Install us- ing 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head Installing a ridge vent. If a roofing nails spaced 5-5/8 inches from bottom edge and 1/2 inch to 1-1/2 ridge vent is to be installed, inches in from both edges. Cover the exposed fasteners with tar or cement. follow the ridge ventmanu- facturer's instructions pro- vided with the material or as an addendum to this manual in lieu of underlay- ment over ridge line and shingle cap. Cut shingle into three pieces Figure 39. Shingle cut into as shown by doff 1 line 1 thirds 1I2�3 HINGE ROOF CLOSE-UP For homes with hinged roofs, complete roofing underlayment and shingles along the hinge line (Figure 40) as follows: 1. Install underlayment. Attach the underlayment to the roof deck with a mini- mum of six-inch wide strip of cement. If necessary, trim the'underlayment to allow the lowest shingle above the hinge of the roof to seal to the topmost shingle on the lower portion of the roof. Figure 40. Shingle installa- tion at hinge line Site Install Shingles In Hinged Area Per The Instructions On The Shingle Package Shipped Loose With The Home. After Roof Is In The Raised Position, uPQe�R Trim The Shingle UnderlaymentTo i Installing metal Allow The Shingle Of The Upper flashing. Install optional Roof Section To Seal Onto The Last Shingle Of The Lower Roof Section. metal flashing over the roof decking before applying Hinge roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- Rif �o�e` ten 30 ga x 6" wide mini- �� Asphalt Roofing Cement Underlayment mum galvanized metal with roofing nails or 16 ga x 1 Between Layers of UnderlaymentMinumum crown staples of sufficient 6^ wide length to penetrate the roof 2. Install shingles. Install missing shingles according to the shingle manufac- sheathing. Space fasteners turer's instructions. four inches o.c. or less near the edge of the metal. COMPLETE TRIPLE -SECTION ROOFS Overlap the metal by at Complete roofing along triple -section home marriage lines according to one of the fol- least two inches at joints. lowing methods based on the construction of the home. Method 1: Dual ridge beams 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and apply a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the sheathing. Lay the underlayment of the center section on top of the cement (see Best Practice tip for optional metal flashing). Fold down the center section roof un- derlayment on this cement. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles, securing them per the shingle manufacturer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). 49 Center Section Factory -Installed Underlayment Metal (Optional) Method 2: Field -installed sheathing 1. Install underlayment. Fold down and fold up the underlayment on t roof underlayment a minimum six. on the sheathing joint. Cover with other minimum six-inch wide strip layment centered on the upper roi 2. Install shingles. Install missing rc turer's installation instructions (ref Factory installed underlayment Shingles Shingles Factory -Installed Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underlayment Min6'Wide to underlayment of the outer section roof center section roof. Apply to the lower ch wide strip of roofing cement centered le shipped loose underlayment. Apply an- ` roofing cement to the ship loose under - sheathing joint. l(s) of shingles per the shingle manufac- to the shingle wrapper). Figure 41. Triple -section roof connection Method 1 See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information. Field installed shingles Figure 42. Triple -section Field ins ailed sheathing roof connection Method 2 Field installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) Factory installed shingles STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNI If the home has a tag unit, complete roofir ing the roof is different for flush and offset ate section below. FLUSH ROOFS For flush roofs, complete roofing along lows (see Figure 43): installed sheathing ROOF for this unit now. The process for complet- ofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- marriage line and at the valley line as fol- 50 1 Skyline :1610 Shingle Underfayment Instal Flat Over Joint Marriage line Method 1: Install metal flashing (minimum 30 ga x minimum 6" wide) over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof. Secure the flashing to the roof decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a one inch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks. Space fasteners maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing. Overlap seams in the metal by at least two inches. After flashing is complete, install shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 48). Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factory installed under- layment a minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 48). Valley line Along the bottom of the valley, shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing, overlap the tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose, install the roll roofing at the valley, lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either by interweav- ing them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. OFFSET ROOFS If there is a gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less than two inches, fold up the main unit dormer fascia, slide the underlayment and flash- ing from the tag unit roof behind the fascia, and bend the fascia back down and secure into sub -fascia with metal screws (Figure 44). Figure 43. Tag unit flush roof connection See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information Skyline Corporation 51 Main Unit Roof Factory-Intalled Flashing Underlayment Carried Up Into Dormer Sub -Fascia Shingles Distance Between Main Unit Donner and Tag Unit Roof May Vary (Min. q" to Max of 2') Tag Unit Truss Main Unit Dormer Truss If the gap between the main unit dormer o% more, bend up the inside corner trim at the fold up the factory installed flashing on the down, and secure into dormer wall with me Main Unit Roof Decking Metal Flashing (or Top Course of Vinyl Siding) Fastener — (Shingles Not Shown on Main Unit for clarity) Drip Edge Fascia Main Unit Factory-Inst Dormer Flashing Sh ngles UnderlWen Rolled - \ Tag Unit Roofingg CarriCarried Uplydo Roof Dormer Sub-Fascla Min.3" rang and the tag unit roof is two inches or rmer overhang and main unit sidewall, unit roof, fold the inside corner trim back screws (Figure 45) Roof Decking Shingles Metal Fascia Shingles Tag Unit STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WA�LS Siding necessary to complete the exterior 11as been provided with the home. Follow the siding manufacturer's instructions (found on or with the packaging or as an addendum to this manual) and to complete the exterioI siding as follows: 1. Remove shipping protection. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls. 2. Complete crossovers. CompletE any crossover connections in the walls, in- cluding: electrical, stereo speaker doorbell, telephone, and intercom wires. 3. Install siding. Fasten siding only at stud locations, avoiding electrical wires that are present in the walls. 4. Install close-up of strips. If siding has been installed on the end walls at the factory, fasten close-up strips sec4�rely along both edges and seal the edges with a waterproof sealant. 5. Install trim. Install any matching rim required to complete the installation. 6. Seal penetrations. With a waterproof sealant, seal any penetrations in the siding that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. Skyline Corporation Figure 44. Tag unit roofing connection with less than two inch height difference Figure 45. Tag unit offset roof connection V&IrZZA Covering the HUD label. Do not cover the HUD label on the exterior of the home. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls before installing sid- ing or serious moisture damage may result. 52 •I,1II1: Connect Crossovers This chapter covers crossover connections between units of multi -section homes, including ducts and electrical, water, waste, gas, telephone, and cable TV connections. STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS (p: 53) STEP 2 CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS (p. 57) STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING (p. 59) STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES (p. 60) STEPS. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES (p. 61) STEP 6. CONNECT GAS. LINES (p. 62) . STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE,TV WIRING (p. 63) STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS There are three main types of duct crossover connections. Based on the location of the duct, follow the installation steps on the page indicated below: • Under the floor (p. 53). • In the roof cavity (p. 55). • In floor, through -the -rim joist (p. 55) To prevent air leakage, seal all ductwork connections, including duct collars using one or more of the following materials: • Galvanized metal straps in combination with galvanized sheet metal screws. • For rigid air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181A. • For flexible air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181 B. UNDER FLOOR FLEXIBLE CROSSOVER DUCT When heating or cooling equipment is installed in the home, the flexible crossover duct is provided by the manufacturer. In all cases the crossover duct must be listed for exte- rior use. There are four common configurations of under floor crossover ducts depending on the number of home sections and the furnace/air handler location. See Table 18 to locate the appropriate figure. TABLE 18. UNDER FLOOR DUCT CONFIGURATIONS Furnace location Two home sections Three home sections Furnace over trunk duct See Figure 46 See Figure 48 Furnace offset from'trunk duct See Figure 47 See Figure 49 Z I ZZ Qualified personnel. Use only qualified personnel to make crossover connec- tions. Consult the LAHJ for licensing or any additional crossover connection re- quirements. Access for service. When- ever possible maintain ac- cess to connection areas for future maintenance. Make tight connections. Permanent, durable, and tight crossover duct con- nections are critical to the proper performance of the home. Leaky ducts can re- sult in severe moisture problems in the home, dis- comfort from rooms not re- ceiving the proper amount of conditioned air, and high utility bills from wasted heating and/or cooling en- ergy. Skyline Corporation 53 A Section Heat Duct - Tap -Out Collar — Field -Installed Flex Duct A Section Heat Dud Tap -Out Collar Field -Installed Flex Dud Furnace /Air Handler B Section oor i Flex Dud Support Straps /Air B Section W. Floor Flex Duct Support Straps L"W-Box Under Furnace Furnace /Air A Section Handler B Section C Section ON Floor I Heat Du Tap -Out Collar Field -Installed Flex Dud V'-Box Under Furnace Flex Dud Support Straps A Section Furnace /Air B Section C Section I I I I I Handler i. I I I I I Flex Dud For under floor flexible crossover ducts foll 1. Locate collars. Locate the metal the main trunk duct (or furnace) u ping protection. 2. Install inner duct. Slide the cross IarN-box as far as it will go. Temr duct tape. Install a large nylon zip around the crossover collarN-box and collarN-box (alternately, the I prior to sliding the duct inner liner 3. Connect duct insulation. Bring t above the home's bottom board it against the base of the trunk duct 4. Pull duct wrap. Pull the crossovE tion and temporarily secure it to tt 5. Install zip -tie. Feel for the nylon . Place another nylon zip -tie just ur crossover duct insulation and oub 6. Trim duct. Trim the crossover du be straight with no kinks or unnec 7. Connect other end. Follow the s nect the opposite end of the cross, 8. Seal joints. Seal the joints betwe with foam or mastic. 9. Support duct. Support the cross '-Box Under Furnace —�—Flex Duct SupportStraps / the steps below: ossover collars (or V-box) connected to er the home and remove temporary ship- wer duct inner liner over the crossover col- )rarily fasten the inner liner in place with ie over the inner liner just above the "ridge" Apply mastic completely over inner liner astic may be applied to the collar/V-box ever it). e duct insulation up over the zip -tie and o the floor cavity. Temporarily duct tape it /-box. duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- trunk duct/V-box with duct tape. p-tie that was installed over the inner liner. ler the first one to permanently secure the wrap. t to length such that the installed duct will ssary bends. me procedure (steps 1 through 5) to con- iver duct and any other crossover ducts. n the bottom board and the crossover duct duct(s) above the ground using nylon or 54 1 Skyline Corporation Figure 46. Furnace over trunk duct, two home sec- tions Figure 47. Furnace offset from trunk duct, two home sections Figure 48. Furnace over trunk duct, three home sec- tions Figure 49. Furnace offset from trunk duct, three home sections Securing the crossover. Between Step 5 and Step 6, drill three or more 1/16 inch holes an equal distance around and just below the bottom edge of the nylon zip -tie. Install #12 pan head screws in these holes, through the flexible duct and into the metal crossover collarN-box. The screw heads should be against the zip -tie. ' Z/ Cover exposed metal. Completely cover all ex- posed metal connectors with insulation. Apply seal- ants and tapes only to sur- faces that are dry and free of dust, dirt, and grease. galvanized metal straps and saddles spaced every 48 inches o.c. or less. Choose straps at least 1/2 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- rals. Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. ROOF CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT For ducts installed in the roof cavity, follow the steps below: 1. Access duct. Access the crossover location through an access panel in the roof and remove any temporary shipping protection. 2. Join ducts. Using the provided flexible duct, join the distribution boxes in each section of the home as shown in Figure 50, cutting off any extra duct length to keep the duct as straight as possible. The duct is connected to one side of the home. 3. Fasten ducts. At each connection point between ducts and between ducts and distribution boxes or connectors, secure the inner duct liner with a nylon strap, apply mastic completely over the connection area, pull the duct insula- tion and outer liner over the connection area, and secure them with a second nylon strap. 4. Reinstall panel. Reinstall and secure the access panel. Avoid ground contact. In- stalled crossover ducts must not be in contact with the ground. Unobstructed airflow. Ex- cess length, kinks and bends in the crossover duct will restrict airflow and de- grade the home's HVAC system performance. Figure 50. Duct crossover located in the roof cavity IN THE FLOOR CROSSOVER DUCT / r Where one or more crossover ducts are built into the home's floors stem, connect y them either through (note openings in rim joists) or under (note access panels in bot- tom board) the rim joist depending on the design of the home. Additional marriage line support. If the duct runs Method 1: Flex duct through rim joist through the marriage line Connect flex ducts that pass through the rim joist (Figure 51) as follows: rim joist, and perimeter 1. Access duct. From underneath the home, cut through the bottom board and blocking is required, a pe- part the floor insulation to access the duct. rimeter pier is required un- 2. Extend duct. Extend the flex duct from the side of the home with the furnace der the marriage wall at the crossover location or un- through the rim joist opening and connect it to the opposing duct using the less the home is con- provided splicing collar. structed with a perimeter 3. Connect duct. Connect the ducts using the procedure for joining under floor support,system. flexible crossover ducts (p. 53). 4. Seal bottom board. Move the floor insulation back to its original location and seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). I j Marriage Line — I splicing Collar Figure 51. In -floor duct with flex duct connection though I the rim joist (shown with peri- Rim Joist Flooring Decking meter frame system) 7-r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T1 T1-T 17cam 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I T17., 1\ 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1! 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I Jl i JI 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i Flexible Dud Beam Bottom Board Access Area Skyline Corporation 55 91ill ir: Method 2: Gasketed Type through the rim joist With a through -the -rim joist design, the duct in each floor section terminates at an opening in the marriage line rim joist. Fixed through -the -rim crossovers employing a marriage line gasket such as in Figure 52 were completed in Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 39) and require no additional work here. 3'SA4" rectangular to 5" (or 6) round adapter. Typical each side of mating line. '-'-min. fiberglass ■/�// duct board gasket i between dm Joists. Factory installed. I N3 SPF 2Gi rail. Not required with Dual Quad odIn1mral Floor units. Under the rim joist In this configuration, flexible crossover d floor and dip under the rim joist at the m Pull each pair of ducts through the open marriage line rim joist and connect them cedure for joining under floor flexible crc instructions if provided. Marriage Line Rim Joist Insulation Bottom 4. ' Board Typical transverse floorjoist 5"or 6"round gstdble duct. from adjoining sections pass through the 3e line where they are joined (Figure 53). provided in the bottom board, under the g the provided splicing collar and the pro- er ducts (p. 53) or the duct manufacturer '7IexibleDuct oorDecking j Plywood Reinforcing Plate (Typ. Each Side) Collar Skyline Corporation Figure 52. In -floor duct with gasket between halves. Figure 53. In -floor duct with flex duct crossover under the rim joist 56 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS Multi -section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s) along the marriage line(s). JOINING WIRES Two types of connections may be present at these locations —snap connectors and junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover location. These will be coded for identification. Connect snap connectors according to the connector manufacturer's installation instructions, including fastener requirements. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows (Figure 54): Pull wires. Pull circuit wires into the junction box, sliding them through a romex con- nector and secure snugly. (Figure 54) Do not over -tighten. 1. Strip wires. Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. 2. Connect wires. Connect wires together matching like colors, using appropri- ately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or cover plate(s), if metal. Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or 20-amp circuits, or a single 240-volt appliance circuit. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal) screws. A pprove d P las 8c orrvetaI Box (Ty pi -I) Iarrps PerType ox Used (rypicaq Single 15 or 20 AMP CPcult Double 15 or 20 AMP C�cuits FLOOR CROSSOVER When making electrical connection(s) in the floor, use one of the wiring options de- scribed below: Method 1: Access panel 1. Access wires. Find the crossover location(s) and remove the access panel(s) if attached. If access panel openings are not provided, cut through bottom board to expose the wiring (Figure 55). 2. Route wires. Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim joist or if there is a single bumped -out access panel as in Figure 56, then un- der the rim joists. If holes or notches have not been provided and there is no bumped -out access panel, drill maximum one -inch diameter hole(s) half -way up the rim joists on each home section, making sure the holes align and feed the wire through the hole. 3. Connect wires. Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s) as de- scribed above. 4. Secure wires. Secure wires with staples to adjacent joists or studs within eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). 5. Install smash plates. For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protec- tors (smash plates). 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re -install access panels and/or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro - OF T �Z Use qualified electricians. All electrical work must be performed by a qualified electrician and comply with the 2005 NEC. Disconnect power. Turn off power to the home before making connections. Proper use of GFCI cir- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupted (GFCI) circuits are connected to the proper GFCI protected circuits from the power supply. Figure 54. Types of junction box wiring connections . 240V Appliance Circuft i � // Using snap connectors. Do not use oversized nails or drive nail heads into snap connectors. Some connec- tors are designed for one- time use only — a new con- nector must be used if they become separated. Protect cables. Cover all cables with conduit or other suitable weather -resistant and protective material. kyline Corporation 57 • vided). The access panel(s) may de temporarily installed near the crossover_ location or shipped loose with the home. /1.1• f11 I11 ♦1♦1♦L Junction Box or — — Snap -Connector C 1 ll lie] 111 Li J� uncton Box orSriap Method 2: Junction box with condo 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes floor by cutting the bottom board the junction box covers. 2. Connect wires. If wire is coiled ii flexible conduit and pass it under the connection as described aboi vided ship -loose conduit with wir( 57). 3. Cover boxes. Replace and secu 4. Seal floor. Replace any displace the bottom board with tape specii Variation to Method 2: A junction bo other side containing conduit behind s side and make one connection in the Junction Box (May Be Under or Alongside Floor Joist WALL CROSSOVERS Connect electrical, phone, cable televisl and/or partition and end walls. If access panels into the marriage walls have been made prior to bringing the h( If Joists Are Notched, Steel Protectors May Be Provided With the Home ----_Access Panel May Be Provided ProtedNe Cover (If Not Provided, Patch Bodes Board.) e not exposed, access them inside the by removing the access panel(s). Remove aide one junction box, insert it into provided he rim joists to the opposing box and make :. If no coiled wire is provided, install pro - making connections in both boxes (Figure I covers on junction boxes. insulation and replace access panel or seal ly made for that purpose (may be provided). may be installed only on one side with the access panel. Bring the conduit to other nction box. —Gasket 1--. W ire For Crossover ay Be Coiled Inside Junction Box lexible Conduit and stereo speaker wires in marriage walls not provided, then the connection should sections together. If access panels are Skyline Corporation Figure 55. Electrical cross- over floor wires with flush access panels Figure 56. Floor electrical crossover wires with bumped -out access panel Figure 57. Under the rim joist electrical crossover connection with conduit i // Avoid damaging crossover wires. Carefully fold mar- riage wall crossover wires 58 • provided in marriage, end or partition walls, remove the panels, join the wires as so they stay within a single described above using the provided snap -connector, junction box, or at a receptacle, bay and are not sand - and re -attach the access panel (Figure 58 for marriage walls and Figure 59 for wiched between studs partitions and end walls). when the sections are pulled together. Connect Wires Figure 58. Inside marriage at Junction Box, Wall crossover connection Receptacle, or XflSnap-Connector Optional Access - Panel Figure 59. Inside partition or Endwall Access to Junction Endwall end wall electrical crossover Side'A' Box -Inside Home Side'B' connection i ory­ln stalled I Wire Protectors I Marriage Line STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded, electrically bond all chasses to- gether as follows (Figure 60): 1. Find lugs. Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. 2. Attach wire. If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wire (#8 minimum bare copper wire) from one side of the home and connect it to the lug provided on the opposing side using the provided paint penetrating star washer, tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Figure 60. Electrical bonding age Line of multi -section homes Rear Outrigger at , L#8 Min. Copper "\_Solderless Lug Each Maniage Line Ground Wire Half of Home 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided, attach the pro- vided four -inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two #8 x 3/4" self -tapping metal screws (one screw each side). Skyline Corporation 59 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LI Connect water lines inside the floor throug as follows: WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH IES access panels or below the bottom board ELS 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping caps from ends of water lines. 3. Pull lines. Pull water lines through holes in rim joist. If holes are not provided, drill round holes in the center of the rim joist, with a maximum diameter of one third the rim joist depth (Figure 6, ). 4. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using provided connector fit- tings (do not use lubricants or sealants). Connect non -threaded water lines using provided fittings and cement, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting (a short connector pipe may be provided to bridge the gap between sections). 5. Test. Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor. Securely replace inSL WATER LINES DROPPED BELOW BOT 1. Remove caps. Remove protecth make sure pipe ends are clean a 2. Connect pipes. Connect thread( connector line (if provided) and c sealants). Connect non -threaded provided, inserting pipe to full del 3. Test. Test connections for leaks. ittion and access panels. )M BOARD shipping caps from ends of pipes and smooth. water lines using flexible pipe or a rigid nector fittings (do not use lubricants or ater lines, pipe, and elbows with cement i of each fitting (Figure 62). 4. Protect pipes. Wrap water lines with insulation and bottom board shipped loose with home or otherwise protect to prevent freezing. Tape bottom board using tape specially made for thai purpose (may be provided) and staple with 7/16" x 1/2" staples at four inches o.c. around bottom board using a divergent (stitch) stapler or equivalent. If heat tape is used it must be listed for manufac- tured home use and be installed in compliance with manufacturer instructions. Supply Side (Side With Water Heater) Direction of Flow Cap to Be Removed on Ste Marriage Line Receiving Side rotective Cap Water Line and Elbows Shipped Loose to be Added on Site Skyline Corporation 60 i r ii Applying cement. Follow cement manufacturers in- structions with respect to application and drying time. Allow cement to fully cure before filling pipes with wa- ter. Figure 61. Water line cross- over with access panels r ZZ Choosing cement type. Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ from the cement used for the DWV system. Figure 62. Waterline cross- over through bottom board STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES / r // Complete portions of the drain, waste, and vent (DWV) system that are below the floor Providing required clear - as follows: ances. Provide the drain 1. Remove caps. Remove shipping covers from pipes extending through the outlet with a minimum bottom board; inspect pipes and fittings and clean them of dirt, obstructions, clearance of three inches in and burrs. any direction from all parts t. Assemble pipes. Using the drain schematic drawing provided with the home, of the structure or any ap- purtenances and with not begin assembling the DWV system starting at the location farthest from the less than 18 inches unre- sewer/septic connection and working towards the outlet, fastening the pipe stricted clearance directly in with cement or adjustable screw -clamp connectors, if provided (Figure 63). front of the drain outlet. As the system is assembled, support the piping with temporary blocking. Provide any cleanouts with Unless otherwise noted on the schematic diagram, provide a minimum 1/4 a minimum clearance of 12 inch per foot slope towards the sewer/septic using a plumber's level. Where a inches directly in front of its slope of 1/4 inch per foot cannot be maintained, use a minimum slope of 1/8 opening. inch per foot and install of a full-size clean -out at the uppermost point of the run (Figure 64). Cement Coupling ( Figure 63. Drain crossover (Provided) to Endof ( connection Pipes I I I I Support Straps Drain Pipe E-- F FaslenCouplirg Direction of Flow and Slope Direction of Flow and Slope j (Provided) m Piping Coupling With Clamps Connection Pipe � Coupler i _.--... --- -- --------- -- Figure 64.DWV system Drain pipe :Tee ust rain Drain Dropout Dropo Supports over Dropout SlopeDust Cover ust anita < ---Long Turn FJI Cover SlrDobleBI �Slo a ye Long Turn Tee Wye (Subsitute forObow lean -Out Plug ong Turn Ell and Provide a Fullm FJI y Size Clean Cut When To Sewer/Septic Required) 3. Test. Conduct a two-part leakage test on the completed drainage system as follows: • Part 1. With all fixtures connected, and all tub and shower drains plugged, / • // fill the system with water to the rim of the toilet bowl through a higher fix- Choosing glues. Use only ture. Release all trapped air, replace tub and shower plugs, backfill fix- solvents and glues com- tures, and allow the system to stand at least 15 minutes. Check for leaks. patible with the pipe (ABS Drain the system. If leaks are found, repair and retest. or PVC). Follow manufac- • Part 2. Plug all fixtures, sinks, showers, and tubs and fill with water. Re- turer's instructions. lease the water in all fixtures simultaneously to obtain the maximum pos- sible drain piping flow. As water is draining, check for leaks. If any are found, repair and retest. ne Lorporatlon 61 4. Connect to outlet. Connect the 6nain drain line to the site sewer/septic hook- up, using an approved elastomer coupling (Figure 65). Examples of it Connection Pipe and Fittings (Not Supplied by the I w Manufacturer) Support Strap at a Maximum of 4 Feet on Center Cap and Chain Approved \_Site Sewer Hook Up 5. Install supports. Install permanent drain line supports at a distance of four feet o.c. or less (see Figure 63, Figure 65, and Figure 66). -(2) 0.131" Min.2x3 L 0.131" Dia Galv. or A Min. tx3 Li �l (2)0.131- Nails Into F (2) h" x 2" Staples or 0.131" Dia Nails Each (2) Stal Screws or, W x3 4 Nails M� 6. Insulate. Replace all insulation and make sure all potentially exposed portions of the DWV system are well insulated to protect against freezing. STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES The gas crossover connection may use quick disconnect fittings or threaded connec- tors. Find the connection location below t e floor at the marriage line and gather the connectors (they may be shipped loose if iot present under the home). For quick disconnect fittings (Figure 67), remove any dust caps and then with one hand, pull back on the quick disconnect device, snap it over the quick disconnect adap- tor and release it to complete the connection. For threaded connectors (Figure 68), rerr plugs, such as a black iron plug) from bot the connector onto the supply and return Check for leaks before connecting to gas CONNECT GAS SERVICE, p. 84). ve the black cap and nipple (or any other the supply and receiving sides and screw pes as necessary. ervice (see Connect Utilities, STEP 3. 62 1 Skyline Corporation Figure 65. DWV connection to sewer/septic Figure 66. DWV pipe sup- port options i&AZZA Protect pipes from freez- ing. If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, pour antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- traps. Installing quick disconnect fittings. Do not use tools, lubricants, or sealants with. quick disconnect fittings. Gas test precautions. Do not connect to gas service until tests described in Connect Utilities have been successfully completed. Quick -Disconnect Male Fitting Flex Factory Installed Quids -Disconnect Female Fitting Installed on Inlet Side Male cap Female Cap Direction of Gas Flow 49 Shut-OffValve Installed on Inlet Side Flex Connector CPFactory Installed O Female Cap 1 77 Or Male Cap Direction of Gas Flow STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING Install telephone and cable television wiring in accordance with the requirements of the LAHJ, the NEC, and NFPA No.70-2005. When making crossover connections or in- stalling telephone or cable television wires, do not run them in the same raceway as, or in close proximity to, high voltage electrical conductors or cables. Wires should only be installed by trained professionals. Figure 67. Gas crossover with quick disconnect fittings Figure 68. Gas crossover with threaded connectors Installing wiring. When in- stalling telephone and ca- ble television wires, do not damage electrical wires, plumbing lines, or ducts. Serious personal injury or death could result from damage to electrical wires. Skyline Corporation 63 Complete the I This chapter covers the completion of the cellaneous items. STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BO STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND STEPA. COMPLETE CARPET STEP 5..COMPLETE TRIM' (p. STEP. INSTALL SHIP LOOS STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE I Align and secure walls at marriage line c 1. Align walls. Align walls and clE 2. Fasten walls. Secure clamped screws so they do not move wh wedges in gaps between walls, tion. 3. Fill gaps. Fill any remaining ga STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BC Finish all unfinished gypsum board walls 1. Install panels. Install ship loose bead of adhesive on all framing wall screws, nails, or staples at inches o.c. in the field into frami 2. Mud seams. Mud and tape all ; sions. Follow mud manufacture 3. Paint. When the final coat of mi sum board to match existing pa terior interior finishes including finishing walls, ceilings, flooring, trim, and mis- WALLS (p. 64) ARD(p. 64) C E ILING FINISHES (p. 65) (p• .65) 6 ) , E ITEMS (p. 65) ALLS ;nings as follows: p in place. ails together with metal straps or long i the clamps are removed. Insert wood nd glue and screw to create a tight connec- with wood or sheathing material. RD id ceilings as follows: ypsum panels using a 1/4 inch diameter ambers and minimum 1-1/2 inch long dry - inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 members. ems and corners, filling all fastener depres- directions. is dry, prime and paint all unfinished gyp - color and finish texture. 64 Skyline Corporation i 1 // Fastening gypsum. When attaching gypsum board, depress, but do not break the paper face with the fas- tener. Breaking the paper will weaken the connection. Using alternative materials. Obtain the home manufac- turer's approval before us- ing interior finish materials other than those provided with the home. •1111611:41Z STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES Install interior ship loose wall and/or ceiling panels using a 114 inch diameter bead of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive on all framing members and fasten with minimum 1- 1/2 inch long staples or nails at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. STEP 4. COMPLETE CARPET Install and seam ship loose or rolled carpet as follows: 1. Prepare floor. Clean the floor of all dirt and debris and smooth the floor deck at the marriage line seams as necessary to ensure a level and smooth sur- face. 2. Lay pad. Lay down the carpet pad, if provided. 3. Stretch carpet. Ensuring all carpet "grain" runs in the same direction, fit and secure the carpet using a power carpet stretcher. Stretch the carpet up to the seam and tack it down temporarily until the carpet is seamed. 4. Butter carpet. `Butter" with carpet adhesive the edges of the carpet along the seam. 5. Seam carpet. Place heat bond tape under the seam with the glue side next to the carpet and apply heat from a seaming iron to the top of the seam, press- ing the carpet into the glue. 6. Keep scraps. Retain reasonable size carpet scraps to protect carpet and flooring during move -in. STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM Using fine gauge wire staples or pin nails, install ship loose molding and wainscot pan- eling to finish trimming out ceilings, marriage line walls, front and rear end walls, and passageway doors where necessary. STEP 6. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS Remove all strapping, blocking, and packaging from appliances, windows, and doors. Install any drapes, mini -blinds, mirrors, door stops, closet shelves, and hardware per the product manufacturer's installation instructions. V&IrZZA Installing carpet. Only ex- perienced carpet installers should install carpet. Fail- ure to follow the carpet manufacturer's directions may void the carpet war- ranty. Stagger seams. Stagger all seams. For ex- ample, locate the carpet pad seam three inches to left of marriage line and the carpet seam three inches to right of marriage line. Skyline Corporation 65 Install Stabilizing Systems This chapter covers the design and instal forces caused by wind. The system coves longitudinal steel beams and/or exterior v laterally in the ground. An anchor, strap, Anchors can also be mounted in concrete upward forces. This type of system is not ation of the stabilizing system which secures the home against lateral and upward ;d here uses earth (or ground) anchors and steel straps connected to the home's ails. Stabilizer plates may also be used to prevent the anchor head from moving nd stabilizer plate (if used) together are referred to as a tie -down. footings when there is enough concrete mass (weight) to resist the lateral and ,overed in this manual. STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS (p. 66) STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DO WN CONFIGURATION (p. 72) STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS (p�..72) STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 73) . I STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 74) STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS (p. 77) STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS Create a sketch of the home plan showing the exterior walls, marriage line(s) (if any) and frame I -beams (this will be similar to the base sketch created in Prepare Footings, page 18). See Table 19 for a list of anchor location, where the requirements are provided are As each anchor location is determined, rr sions such as spacing between anchors. down plan (Figure 69 and Figure 70). TABLE 19_ ANCHOR LOCATION TYPE types, and where they are required. Pages Xed in the last column. it on the sketch, noting important dimen- m complete, this will be the home's tie- Location Type Wind Zone I . Zones and III Frame Yes Yes 67 Sidewall Vertical No' Yes 71 End wall Frame Sometimes Yes 71 Marriage line Vertical Sometimes Yes 71 Frame Yes Yes 71 Tag Unit Vertical No Yes 71 --- Porch Post Vertical No Yes 71 • Yes Yes 71 Connect any factory -installed sidewall tie-do7n straps to a ground anchor regardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. msrau marriage une ancnors prior io moving then return to Set the Home or Complete Mu Figure 69 and Figure 70 illustrate typica Wind Zone I and Wind Zones II and III re ne nome over ine rop or ine ancnor iocarions ana -Section Set respectively. anchor locations for a double -section home in 66 Skyline Corporation A Need for a stabilizing sys- tem. The manufactured home must be secured against the wind by the use of an anchor assembly or an alternative foundation system. Where site or other conditions prohibit the use of the manufac- turer's instructions, a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect must design the stabilizing system. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use in flood or seismic hazard areas. In those areas retain a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect to design the stabilizing system. Marriage Line Key: Anchor Head .— Strap ®.— Vertical Tie -down Sidewall Frame Tie -down chi lei / tDi 6b Q a 10— 1 T T F T I T -, - Marriage wall vertical tie -down. Extend strap to far I -Beam for Doublewide units with 5/12 Roof pitch. Endwall Tie -downs i Sidewall vertical tie -down. Marriage Line SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 20, 21, and 22 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II, and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi -section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing, and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Check the anchor manu- facturer instructions to determine if there is a minimum spacing between anchors. Keep in mind that sidewall frame tie -downs must be located no more than two feet from each end wall. Figure 69. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zone I Figure 70. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zones 11 or 111 ' // Maximum spacing re- quirements. The LAHJ may have anchor spacing requirements that super - cede the values provided in this manual. ne uorporation 67 s• uoilmodioo auIIA�S �I „0-.4 .9•47 .6-1 :.: .0-.L- -.L901." .0-15 .9-,9 .6-,6 .0-,6 .84 01.5Z 6-,LL „SZoldfl 9 ,4 .E-,9 .0-,6 .E-,8 .L9 01.94 9 ,S .9-,9 .6.Ol .E ,6 At, 01.9Z .6-,9 .6-,L .0-,EL „E-,6 .5Z of do .8-14 .0-,5 .6-,8 - ..0"8 L90l'.84 .E-,S .0-,9 .0-, L l .0-.0 L .84 01.9Z .0-,L .0-,8 .0-3,L .0*£L ,.9zoLdn „6-3, .9-,9 .0-,OL „0-,6 .L9 01.84 6 3 6-9 „0 .Z L „0-, LL .84 01,5Z „0-,L .E-,8 .0-,41 .6-. L L 5Z of do ' .0-3, .6-4' .£-,L .0-1 .L9 01 AV .0-3, :6-3, .9-,L .0-.L .94 of .9Z „0-,9 .0-,L .0-, L.L .9•Al .9z of do „0-,L .Lg 01 „84 .0 ;5 .6-,S .0-,6 „9-;9 .9t, o1.SZ .6-,9 .6-,L .E-,Z L .E-,6 .5Z of do .E-3, .0 ,5 ,£-,8 .6-,L .L9 01.94 .E-44 .0-,5 .E-,9 „6-,L .8401„SZ ,966 - „9-.9 ;97,L „9,2L:; .9,LL „SZoldn ,£-,t ,A-,S „E ,8 „6-,L „Lg 01.84 .E-,S .0-,9 .0-,Ot .9-4 .8t,01.9Z .E-,L .E-18 .6-,E L .6-, L L SZ of do .E-,4 .0-.9 E ,L .6-.9 ,dg 01 „84 .E ,4 .0-,9 „E ,L „6-,9 .84 01 „SZ .6-3, .6-.9 .6-1 „9 ,L „sz 01 do .E ,4 .0-,9 .E-,L .6-,9 „Lg 01 Xt, „6-,9 .84�T 01.5Z _-� .0-,9 .0-,L .0-M .0-,6 .9Z of do „0-,9 .9-,L L91 01,.84 .0-,8 „9-,G .94 0l „5Z o s .6-,4 .6-,9 E-.9 „57 of d0 9 ,4 .0-15 .0-,8 .9-,L L9 01.84 .0-,5 .0-'9 .9-,L .8401.93 .9-,9 .9-,L „E,ll ,.6-,01 „92;oldn .0-,G -- . L9 01.84 .0-1 „B4 01.9Z .0-,L .9z of do -- -- .0-,L -- .L9 01.84 - .0-,L .94'o1.9 ,0-,L .SZ of do .0•,8 .L9 0l Xt, 01 „5Z -- -- .0-,8 - .5Z of do 0 ,9 L9 0l „84 -- -- .0•,9 -- :.8401.9Z EMIG 4-0 . . as ongr-r-onw.1 .. ... . _ DNIOVdS Wf1WIXvuu UGHONV 3WV d IIVM3aIS 13NOZ 4NIM 'OZ 318VI lipsW.. AS insiall .5111511121ng Systems TABLE 21. WIND ZONE 11 SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING Height from Roof slope maximum 4.35/12 Roof slope maximum 5/12 a 1-be m t round to (20 degrees) (26.6 degrees) Sidewall Floor width height spacing strap attac st, ment Up to 22" 5'-4" 22" to 48" M.A. 48" to 67" N.A. Up to 25" N.A. 25" to 48" N.A. Lessthan 48" to 67" N.A. Up to 25" 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. More than 48" to 67" N.A. T-T to Up to 25" N.A. 25" to 48" N.A. 48' to 67" N.A. Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'.4- 25" to 48" N.A, N.A. 5'-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4- Up to 25" 4'-0- 4'-0" 5'-4- 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'-4- More v 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'.4' 1 Vto 13 Up to 25" 4'.0- 4'-0- 5'-4' 75.5" or 82.5" 25" to 48. N.A. N.A. 5'-4' More than 11 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5--4- T-6 to 91 Up to 25" N.A. N.A. 64 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'.4- 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'-4- 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'.4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'.4' Up to 25" 5'4" 6'.4- 5'4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' More than 46" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'.4' 13'to 15 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'-4- 75.5" or 82.5" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 5'4' More than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'4 i T-6" to 91-01, t Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'-4' 99.51, 25" to 46" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'.4' Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'-4' 75.5"or82.5" 25"to48" 4'-0" 4%0" 5%4' 48" to 67" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5%4' Up to 25" 5'-4" 5W 5%4' 99.5" 25" to 48" 4'-0- 4'-0" 5'.4' More than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' 15' 5'-4" 5'-4" 5'-4- 75.5" or 82.5" L 25" to 48" 4'-0- 4'-0" T-4- More than I T-6" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 5'-4' to 91-01, E Up to 25" 5'-4- 5'-4" 6'-4' 99.5" 25" to 48" 4'-0- N.A. 5'-4' 48" to —67"— N.A. N.A. 5-4' Skyline Corporation 69 U) X M 0 0 0 0 z z cl) r F- 0 z z Systems TABLE 22. WIND ZONE III SIDEWALL F7RAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING . e .-. - Up to 25" 4'-0" N.— A. - -- - 48" to 67" N.A. -- Up to 25" N.A. N.A.Lessthan 48"to 67" � --� N.A. Up to 20" 4 0 20"'to 48" N.A. • 48" to 67" N.A. • • to 48" N.A. r48" to 67" -- N.A. Up to 25" 4'.0" 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48" �. �.�_......._N.A. N.A. N.A. 4 0" — 48"to67^ N.A. 4'-0,. Up to 25" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" _ 25" to 48" » _ N.A. N.A. -s - — 4'-0" ore 48" 30 67" N.A. N.A. —V 4 0" - - • Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" _Up to 25" _._ N.A.m P N.A. 4-4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. 'N.A. -- 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' 4--0- 111 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. -. 4'-0" -.... ___e __......._.._ 48"to67^�_„.._...�_N.A. N.A. 4 o;m.. Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48° -- N.A. __.._ N.A. 4 0"More ®_ , 48"to67" - N.A. _ ,._.N.A. ` 4,-0„ _ • Up to 25" 4'-0' 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. _ _ - 4'-0" • 48- to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'.0" •�� - Up to25" ._ 4 0 - 4 0" 25"to 48" N.A. N.A. 4'-0. 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. - 4'-0" -- Up to 25" 4'•0" 4'-0" 4'-0" • 25" to 48" - 4'4- 4'4' �+ _ -` 4'-0" - 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'•0" -- 4'.0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 4'•0" More than 48to 67 'N.A. N.A. -- 4'-0" 15, Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" 4'-0" v 25"to48" -� N.A. N.A. 4'-0" - • re than 48"to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0" _ 4'-0" 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. _;:, N.A. _ 4'.0" 70 Skyline Corporation SIDEWALL VERTICAL ANCHORS Homes designed for Wind Zones II and III also require vertical tie -downs along the side - walls. The vertical tie -down anchor straps (or brackets for connecting to the home) are factory installed and indicate the locations. Vertical and frame sidewall tie -downs may connect to one double -headed anchor or each to its own dedicated anchor. Any factory -installed sidewall tie -down straps must be connected to a ground anchor re- gardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS End wall frame tie -downs are especially important for homes that are wider and have higher roof pitches because those features increase the surface area exposed to wind loads at the ends of the home. Use Table 23 to determine the number of end wall frame anchors required at the each end of each home section. End wall frame tie -downs are not required at Wind Zone I. TABLE 23. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS REQUIRED PER HOME SECTION ON EACH END OF THE HOME Maximum sidewall Maximum height roof pitch Wind Zone II Wind Zone III 12' 14' 16' & 18' 12' 14' 16' section section section section section width width width width width & 18' section width 0 T-6" a� C U N 9,-p„ c 7'-6" P o 3 U N 9'-01, MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS In Wind Zones II and III, marriage line anchors are required along the marriage wall. In Wind Zone I marriage line anchors are sometimes required. (Figure 80) There may be manufacturer -installed brackets indicating required tie -down locations (may be identified by tags or paint),If necessary to avoid interference with tie -downs, the marriage line pier location may be offset horizontally from the column by a maximum of 6 inches. TAG UNIT FRAME ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. TAG UNIT VERTICAL ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. PORCH POST ANCHORS At Wind Zone II or III install tie -down strap to a ground anchor through the factory in- stalled bracket. Install ground anchor and tie -down strap at each factory installed bracket. OFFSET UNIT ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for offset units. i // When to install marriage line anchors. Anchors along the marriage line must be installed prior to the second half of a multi - section home being set. Setting the strap angle. When straps are con- nected only to the near (- beam, (Figure 71) the an- gle the strap makes with the ground should be be- tween 30 degrees and 60 degrees. Angles greater than 60 degrees may re- quire closer anchor spac- ing. rporation 71 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION There are two primary tie -down configurations: the near beam and the far beam meth- ods. Skyline Corporation use the near beam method for all Wind Zone I applications. The near beam method is also used at Wind Zones II and III, except when a unit has a 5 in 12 roof pitch, and then the far beam m�thod is used. The two methods are described below: • Near Beam Method. Connect: beam closest to the anchor. (Fi connect a vertical sidewall straf head using a double -headed ar anchor strap from the anchor head to the re 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and 11, om the sidewall of the home to the anchor • Far Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the out- side beam. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and 11, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double - headed anchor. The far beam method is only required for double wide units at Wind Zone II or III with a 5/12 roof pitch. Sidewall Vertical Tie -down --' (Wind Zone II or III). Near I -Beam Far [-Beam Gr/o/Und Level Near Beam sidewall frame 1 tie -down Strap Angle - 30 to 60 degrees "Far Beam sidewall frame tie -down (5/12 Roof pitch units at Wind Zone II or III). Stabilizer plate Ground An STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS Use the torque probe results from Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL - BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15) and the anchor manufacturer instruc- tions; select the type and length of anchor to use. The installed ground anchor size (length) must be listed (i.e. approved) forlthe soil class. Make sure the anchor is of sufficient length such that the top of the helix is below the frost line. Select a shaft diameter sufficient to resist excessive torsion, "ring -off" (when the helix or anchor head separates from shaft) or shaft splitting. Consult the anchor sup- plier for guidance. Review all of STEP 3. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 72) and STEP 4. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 73) before making final anchor selections to determine when single -headed vs. double - headed anchors should be used. Follow the specifications in Table 30 when selecting stabilizing system components. 72 Skyline Corporation Figure 71. Lateral tie -down configurations TABLE 24. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS Anchors must be tested and listed to resist a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 lbs and a minimum allowable working load of 3,150 lbs or ultimate and corresponding working load limited by soil conditions and anchor length. The working load is the maximum load the designer can use. Ground anchors must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Straps must be minimum 1-1/4" x 0.035" zinc -coated (0.30 oz per sq ft) steel strapping conforming to ASTM D3953-97, Type 1, Grade 1, Finish B with a minimum allowable working load capacity of 3,150 lbs and a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 lbs. Slit or cut edges of zinc -coated strapping do not need to be zinc coated. The size and type of stabilizer plate, if required by the ground anchor manufacturer, will be specified in the anchor manufacturer's instructions. Stabilizer plates must be provided with protection against weather .. deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Alternatively, ABS stabilizer plates may be used when listed and cer i- fied for such use. STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS Before beginning anchor installation, check for obstructions under the home such as piers and frame members that may interfere with the tie down strapping. Check with util- ity companies to determine the location of underground utilities, such as electrical and phone lines, and water, sewer, and gas pipes that may be buried in potential anchor lo- cations. Also check for homeowner -installed wires and pipes, such as those connecting exterior lighting or sheds to the home. These must also be avoided. FRAME ANCHORS Frame anchors can be installed in two ways, in -line and against a stabilizer plate. The two methods are discussed below: In -Line Configuration The in -line configuration (Figure 72) for homes can be used in Wind Zone I only. Typi- cally, in -line anchors are used under high homes where the anchors can be installed from under the home after the home is set. In -line anchors can also be installed before the home is set, however, precisely aligning the anchor with the home both vertically and horizontally is difficult. Using swivel connectors for the strap to beam connection can provide some horizontal flexibility. To install in -line frame anchors, drive the anchor into the ground at an angle and location such that a straight line can be drawn from the tip of the anchor through the anchor head and to the connection point on the I-beam (Figure 73). Main Beam Sidewall Frame Tie -Down Strap Ground Mchorwith Stabilizer Plate Stabilizer Plate Configuration Stabilizer plate configurations (Figure 73) are suitable for homes in all wind zones. An- chors may be installed after the home is set. A stabilizer device, typically an ABS or metal plate, is used to prevent the top of the anchor from slicing through the soil when the load is applied. Stabilizer plates are available in a variety of widths. Choose the wid- Grading area around anchors. Anchor heads should not rest in sunken spots. Grade the ground so that water does not collect around anchor heads, but runs away from the anchor and out from under the home. Do not bury anchor heads. Figure 72. In -line anchor configuration Figure 73. Stabilizer plate configuration Skyline Corporation 73 est plate that can be driven into the soil to maximize resistance to movement. The LAHJ may have stabilizer plate requirements. Install anchors with stabilizer plates as fol ows: 1. Locate anchor. Select a location, for the anchor under the home but within six inches of the exterior wall (Figure 74). Aviod locations that will interfere with skirting. 15 -7/ 6" max. 12" or 2. Install anchor. To assure that 1 stabilizer plate, start the anchor from the desired location if usini inches if using a 60 inch long ar vertical, with the head tilted awa approximately one half its lengtl I -Beam plate ie anchor attachment point will end up at the nsertion approximately 12 inches back from a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 ;hor. Install the anchor at about 15 degrees off i from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the' stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step . 4. Complete anchor installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp corners it other methods (Figure 75). Radius clips wide galvanized steel strap formed to fit from the home to sidewall frame, end wall ng around kbeams with radius clips or be fabricated from 26ga (min) by 1 1/4-inch id corners. 74 Skyline Corporation Figure 74. Determining an- chor and stabilizer plate lo- cation Soil depression. Do not locate anchor heads in soil depressions where water may pool. Figure 75. Radius clips Longitudal Bracket Protect Top and Bottom of Beam if [-Beam CV Strap is Wrapped Around Beam i SPLICING STRAPS Splicing may be required when a pre-cut strap is of insufficient length. Splices in tie -down straps are not permitted in a 'Y' configuration. Overlap straps by 12 inches, applying one splice clip from above and the other from below; use a crimping tool to tightly seal the splice clips (Figure 76). Do not run any portion of the splice through an anchor head bolt. Figure 76. Tie -down strap splice Apply Splice Clips In Direction of Arrows Strap TY' Splice Approx.12" ' Not i { NO Permitted i i SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Install straps to sidewall frame anchors as follows: 1. Connect strap to home. Connect one end of the strap to the home connection point using approved buckles or clips (swivel or hook clip preferred). rQ 1OWrap strap around main U Connect hook totopof beam main beam and connect other end ofstrapto anchor head. Connect strap to anchor. Connect the other end of the strap to the split bolt in the anchor. Leave enough strap length to be able to make at least three, but no more than five complete turns around the bolt before it becomes tight (approxi- mately 2 1/2 inches per turn or 7 1/2 to 13 inches total). Fewer than three turns and the strap may not hold onto the bolt when force is applied. Conversely, more than five turns may not fit within the U-channel of the anchor head. Follow the procedure outlined in Figure 78. Figure 77. Strap to beam connection V I / A Strap to beam connection. Regardless of the strap supplier's recommenda- tions, the strap must be connected to the top of the main beam to prevent damage to the structure. Skyline Corporation 75 C OInsert the tension bolt into the anchor head and loosely attach the hex nut. OOnce tensioned to the point that counterclockwise resistance appears, use a 5/9' open end wrench to hold the square neck while repositioning the15/16' tensioning wrench to continue tensioning. Repeat as required. OPlace the strap through the slotted shank of the tension bolt and bend up to 90°. 7 Once fully tensioned, align the square neck of the bolt with the square recess in the anchor head and tighten the hex nut. This will draw the two together and lock the system into final position. 5 Using a 15/16" socket or open end wrench, rotate clockwise, wrapping the strap around the tension bolt. If approved by the manufacturer, double head anchors maybe used for both diagonal and vertical tie -down strap tensioning. Tension the diagonal tie -down strap first. Follow Steps 3 through 7 to install straps to anchorhead. 3. Pretension anchor. For anchors with stabilizer plates, pretension the anchor by pulling it up to the stabilizer plate using the strap and take-up bolt to move the anchor head. Continue pulling the strap until the plate moves a small amount (about 1/2 inch). This is called packing the plate and it will yield the strongest resistance (the bottom of the anchor head should be maximum 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate). END WALL FRAME ANCHORS Attach straps to the bracket welded by the manufacturer to the frame (Figure 79). If no brackets have been installed, use approved beam clamps designed specifically for this purpose, available from anchor suppliers. Connect straps to anchors following same pro- cedure as for sidewall frame anchors. Figure 78. Procedure for connecting the strap to frame and anchor Anchor head location. As the anchor is pulled up to meet the stabilizer plate, the head of the anchor will rise. In its final position, the bottom of the anchor head should be no more than 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate. 76 Skyline Figure 79. End wall frame anchor attachment method I Pier I 30 - 45 degrees\ Anchor with --� Stabilizer Plate Main Beam End Wall Tie - Down Strap MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS If vertical straps have been attached to the home by the manufacturer, connect the other end of the straps to the anchor heads. Factory installed marriage line uplift straps must be attached to anchoring equipment. The types of straps used are shown below. (Figure 80) Type 1 is a strap used at Wind Zone I only. Some Wind Zone I units do not require marriage line vertical uplift tie -downs. These units will not have any of the straps shown below factory installed and will have double marriage line walls. Type 2 and 3 are used at Wind Zone II or III only. All Wind Zone II or III multi wide units require marriage line vertical tie -downs. Figure 80. Marriage line ver- tical tie -downs Uplift connector capacity Type 3 is 3114 lbs. each to be resisted by anchoring equipment. Factory installed standard Uplift connector capacity is hurricane 350lbstrap. Capacity 1242 lbs. each to be resisted by Type 1 Type 2 is 3150lbs. anchoring equipment. \ 114" cable thimble inserted in connector hole. L— 7/32" or 1/4" / rot ard hurricane is galvanized steel Slot in strap is for connected cable. Tension attachment of standard directly to an per manufacturer hurricance strap. approved ground instructions. anchor. STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS After all anchors have been installed and pre -tensioned, recheck all anchor straps to as- sure that they are tight and that the anchor shafts have remained in contact with the sta- bilizer plates. Do not over -tension straps. Skyline Corporation 77 Connect Utilities This chapter contains procedures and requirements for the connection and testing of utility hook-ups. Responsibility for making utility connections varies by location. Consult the LAHJ and the utility before connecting the home to any utilities. STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE.(p. 78) STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE ('p. 81) ' „ STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE (p. 84) STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE (p. 85) STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE The home is designed for connection to a electrical wiring system rated at 120/240 volt / // AC. All electrical field work must be done by a licensed electrician or other person ap- proved by the LAHJ. Special precautions when 50 AMP POWER SUPPLY CORD installing electrical ser- The power supply to a Skylne Corporation manufactured home may be by a listed 50 vice. Installation of the AMP power supply cord. The power cord shall be permanently attaced to the distribution electric power to the home panel board or to a junction box. The listed 50 AMP power supply cord shall bear the fol- can cause exposure to live lowing marking: FOR USE WITH MOBILE HOMES — 50 AMPERES. electrical circuits. Exposure FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES to live electrical circuits or improper grounding of the The current rating (in amperes) of the hori a can be found on the tag located on the out- conductor in the panel side next to the feeder or service entrance, and on the electrical distribution panel. Using board may result in severe this information, determine the required feeder wire size from Table 25. These sizes are shock or possible electro- based on an ambient temperature of 86 d grees Fahrenheit and do not take voltage drop cution. A qualified installer into consideration. must make the connec- Acceptable conductor types are: RHH, RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW2, tions for the electric power. THWN, THWN-2, XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, and USE-2. TABLE 25. ELECTRICAL FEEDER VVINt AND EQUIPMENT SIZES FOR COPPER CONDUCTORS Q Main Minimum Breaker Size Size in Junction Raceway Red & Panel box size Conduit are BZ Black und Box Diameter (Power) ME 1-- J '50 6x6x6` 1 G#6AW' #10 AWG' #8 m ° —� Q 100 8x8x4 1-1/4 #3 AWG #3 AWG #8 AWG #8 F- 12510x10x4 . 1-1/2 #2 AWG IF#2 AWG7 JL#6 AWG`- #6 Z 150 10x10x4 1-1/2 1/0 A G #2 AWG #6 AWG #6 Z 200 _• 12x12x4 2 - 3/0 AWG 1/0 AWG #6 AWG #4: Q225 15x12x4 2-1/2 3/0 AWG 1/0 AWG #4 AWG #4 O IL it O V w z J Y W 78 Skyline FEEDER CONNECTIONS Feeder connections are made from above or from below the home as follows: From above — mast weatherhead feeder The routing, connection, and support of the service drop must meet local codes. Homes equipped this way contain all necessary conduits to the electrical distribution panel. However, the feeder conductors (not provided with the home) are installed on site. If the masthead is located above the roof overhang, allow a minimum clearance of eight feet above all roof points that the conductors pass over. There are two exceptions to this rule: (1) The vertical clearance may be reduced to three feet if the roof has a minimum slope of 4 in 12; and (2) The vertical clearance may be reduced to 18 inches if no more than four feet of service -drop conductors pass above the roof overhang, and if they terminate at a through -the -roof raceway or approved support. A minimum clearance must also be provided from the final grade to the service -drop conductors. This measurement may vary from 10 feet to 18 feet, depending on the types of traffic anticipated below the ser- vice drop (refer to the NEC). Unless impractical, locate service heads above the point of attachment of the service -drop conductors and make them rain -tight. If individual conduc- tors do not extend downward, form drip loops. From below — underside junction box feeder A section of conduit is factory installed through the floor cavity. Connect to that conduit with approved fittings and conduit (not provided with the home) to the point where the service entrance cable enters the crawl space. Install properly -sized service entrance conductors from the main power supply to the panel board. Depending on the location of the main panelboard inside the home, or the point at which the service entrance conduc- tors enter the crawl space, a separate service disconnect may be required. Refer to Table 25 for the conductor and junction box requirements. The installer must provide the supply connection including the feeder conductors, junction box, and conduit connectors. Protect conductors emerging from the ground from a minimum of 18 inches below grade to eight feet above grade, or to the point of entrance to the home. The distance meas- ured from the top surface of a buried cable, conduit, or raceway to the finished grade must meet the minimum burial requirements outlined in the NEC. Use a moisture -proof bushing at the end of the conduit from which the buried cable emerges. GROUNDING The home must be properly grounded to protect the occupants. The only safe and ap- proved method of grounding the home is through an electrically -isolated grounding bar in the manufactured home distribution panel board. This grounds all non -current -carrying metal parts to the electrical system in the home at a single point. Each neutral conductor must be connected to the system grounding conductor on the the supply side of the main disconnect in accordance with Articles 250.24, 250.26, and 250.28 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005. Where the meter base has a disconnect (typically when the meter is more than 6 feet from the service electric panel, although this may vary by LAHJ) the ground and neutral should be bonded at that disconnect and then grounded to the driven earth ground. Four wires will leave the service electric panel to the disconnect. Three wires will enter the disconnect from the meter base (refer to Figure 81). Where there is no disconnect on the meter base or between the meter base and service electric panel (typically when the meter is within 6 feet from the service electric panel, al- though this may vary by LAHJ), the main circuit breaker in the service electric panel be- comes the first disconnect. In this case, the neutral and ground are bonded in the service electric panel and connected to the driven earth ground from the service electric panel. Three wires lead between the meter base and the service electric panel (refer to Figure 82). i ! /, Power supply. A large enough power supply must be available at the site. An inadequate power supply may result in improper op- eration of and possible damage to motors and ap- pliances. It may also in- crease electricity costs. Grounding the electrical system. Do not provide electrical power until the grounding electrode is in- stalled and connected. When the meter base is not on the house never use the neutral conductor of the feeder cable as a ground wire. ne uorporavon 79 J Q Z Q Z O Q J J Q H _Z Z O H Q O a cc O V W Z J Y N Equipment Ground Bus Bar Grounding Lug To Chassis Metal lie Conduit Or Fittings To Be Effectively Grounded To Equipment Ground Equipment Ground Bus Bar Grounding Lug I� To Chassis 11 To Grounding Rod Metallic Conduit Or Rdings To Be Effectively Grounded To Equipment Ground — Service Entry Mai Panel (May Be Above Or Below Ground) Encl sure f2" ConduitTo Neu rat Service Head Bus 3ar Meter By Utility Meterbase Company Ground From Meter Enclosure Disconnect Bonding Strap 2" Conduit Not Installed Discseonnect ,. _�.... (Fud) ToonMain IIII I To Grounding Rod r pd II Blackl- "HOT' ToAOrB Red - "HOT' To A Or B Whit To Neutral Bus Bar Ground To Equipment Ground In all cases, a grounding electrode condu cording to the following specifications: 1. Grounding wire to be per Table turer provides a minimum 1/2 in( bare copper wire is provided by 1 2. The clamp connecting the groun direct burial and located flush or 3. Use a listed 5/8 inch diameter by of at least 1/2 inch diameter by E be required by the LAHJ due to 4. Drive the electrode to a depth of feet of the electrode is in contact 5. When rock is encountered, the e Geed 45 degrees from vertical or deep. FIELD INSTALLED METER BASE When a meter base is installed in the fief( must be adhered to: • Install the meter base according • Use straps to support any condL support. Figure 81. Electrical feeder connection when meter has a disconnect installed (typi- cally more than 6 feet from service electric panel). Figure 82. Meter base wir- - Main Panel Servios Entry ing when there is no sepa- Endowre (Above Or Below Ground) rate disconnect installed �SerA. uit To t call within 6 feet of ser- (typically - Neutral Service Head Bus Bar vice electric panel). Meter By Utility Company Meter Endowm - Bonding Strap Installed By 2"Conduct Manufacturer 2"Condud To Main ♦Panel 7 Black - "HOT' To A Or B Red - "HOT To A Or B While To Neutral Bus Bar and a ground wire must be installed ac- 5 provided by the manufacturer. If manufac- i EMT or conduit raceway, the #6 minimum ie retailer for installation. ing wire to the electrode shall be suitable for )elow ground level. eight foot long iron electrode or nonferrous rod ght feet long for grounding (larger sizes may oil impedence). iot less than eight feet so that at least eight with the soil. may be driven at an angle not to ex - in a trench that is at least 2-1/2 feet Figure 83 and the following requirements the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use the meter base equipment for At Skyline Corporation • Use exterior equipment and enclosures listed as weatherproof and entrance conductors listed for wet locations. • The grounding bar may be installed separate from the neutral bar for purposes of testing the electrical system. • The grounding bar may be isolated during the electrical check and re -attached, after the tests are completed. • Check with the local electrical utility to verify meter base requirements and loca- tions and distances for the main panel and meter box. • The field installed meter base enclosure must be installed in accordance with its listing. Fasten securely to exterior wall studs and provide for a weather -tight seal. • Check the local code for any requirements regarding the location of the meter base. Meter Exterior Wall Meter Enclosure 1/4" Air Space Between Meter Enclosure And Exterior Wall STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE CONNECTION To connect the home's water system to the water source, identify the water inlet located under the home (usually below the water heater compartment or utility room) and follow the procedure described below (refer to Figure 84): 1. Flush pipe. Flush field -installed water piping free of all debris prior to connec- tion to the home's water inlet. 2. Clean threads. Ensure that pipe threads are clean. 3. Install pressure -reducing valve. If the local water supply exceeds 80 psi in- stall a pressure -reducing valve. 4. Connect valve. Install a main shut-off valve between the water supply and the inlet on the home. Locate the riser for the shutoff valve underneath or adjacent to the home. Select a full flow gate or ball shutoff valve, or equivalent valve. To prevent the possibility of fresh water contamination install an anti -siphon valve on all field installed exterior faucets. Figure 83. Meter base clearances. Selecting heat tape. Use only pipe -heating cable (tape) listed for manufac- tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- ble (tape) manufacturer in- stallation instructions. Maximum water pressure. The water system for the home was designed for a maximum inlet pressure of 80 psi. ne uorporation 81 82 Factory -Installed_ Water Pipe Optional Hose &b (Not Supplied) Connect To'T Here For Water System Test Locate Water Riser Underneath or — Adjacent to Home 5. Install water heater discharge heater to ensure that it is clear c on a basement or enclosed craN charge from the water heater ter side or to a sump. 6. Install water heater drip pan d drip pan does not terminate undi the accompanying instructions n through the floor to the exterior ( six and 24 inches above grade. i proof. Water Heater (factory installed) Floor decking Service Connection (Not Supplied) Mandatory Shut -Off Valve (Not Supplied) Irain. Inspect the drain opening on the water any obstruction. If the home is to be installed space, install drain pipe connecting the dis- perature and pressure relief valve to the out- ain. Assure that the drain for the water heater r the home. Using the materials provided and n a drain line from the water heater drip pan f the crawl space. Terminate the line between Figure 85). Make the termination point rodent Figure 84. Water system connection V&*#zrlz Turning on Water Service. Do NOT turn on the water service to the home until the drain lines have been com- pleted and connected to the sewer system. Using check valves. Install a check valve on the water inlet to prevent water system drainage in the event of a loss of water pressure from the source. Such pressure loss could cause the water heater to drain, exposing the heating elements of electric water heaters causing them to fail. Figure85. Water heater drip pan and drain Note 1. Water heater drip Water heater drip pan drain pipe has been fac- p pan tory installed through the (f ry installed) bottom board. A 90 degree elbow has been factory in- stalled to accept the pipe ex- tension. CPVC or PVC water heater i drip pan over -flow drainage pipe (factory installed). See Install screen over end of CPVC or PVC p pe extension note 1. pipe extension (not (field installed). See note 2. provided). Support pipe extension every 4-9' Skyline Corporation Note 2. Insert the CPVC or PVC drain pipe extension (factory provided — field in- stalled) into the factory in- stalled 90 degree elbow. Be sure to provide t/4" per foot Bottom board of slope to provide positive drainage. 7. Insulate. In areas subject to freezing temperatures, protect with insulation or heat tape pipes, valves and pressure reducers that are exposed to the out- doors; and pipes in water heater compartments with non -insulated doors. Con- nect heat tape to the electrical outlet under the home near the water supply inlet. TESTING After testing the electrical system and connecting the water lines check the water system for leaks using one of the procedures described below. Before testing, close all water faucets, spigots, and toilet -tank float valves. Hydrostatic (preferred): 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot out- let and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the test from possible injury. 2. Fill water heater. Confirm that the water heater tank is full of water. 3. Pressurize system. Connect a hydrostatic pump, valve, and gauge to the loca- tion shown in Figure 84. Pressurize the system with water at 100 psi, and then isolate it from the pressure source. Bleed all air from the highest and farthest points in the system. 4. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 15 minutes. 5. Fix leaks. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate and correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or joints and installing new pipe or joints with couplings. 6. Repeat. Repeat the test until all leaks have been eliminated. Pneumatic: 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot outlet and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the test from possible injury. 2. Pressurize system. Connect an air pump and pressure gauge to the water inlet, pressurize the system to 100 psi and isolate the pressure source from the system. 3. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for least 15 minutes. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate any leaks by applying soapy water to the connections and looking for bubbles. 4. Fix leaks. Correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or joints and installing new pipe or joints with couplings. 5. Retest. Repeat the procedure until all leaks have been eliminated. 6. Restore connections. Reconnect the water heater and the water supply. FREEZE PROTECTION FOR UNOCCUPIED HOMES If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, protect water lines from freezing as fol- lows: 1. Disconnect supply. Turn off the water supply and disconnect the water supply inlet. 2. Drain water heater. Turn off the water heater; if necessary, attach a hose to the valve to direct water away from under the home, open the drain valve and drain the tank completely. 3. Drain faucets. Open all faucets throughout the home (including the laundry area if plumbed, and any exterior faucets) and let them drain completely. 4. Drain toilets. Flush toilets and drain water tanks completely. 5. Close faucets. Close all water faucets with the exception of one. 6. Connect compressor. Connect a maximum of 30 psi air supply to the water inlet connection using a low pressure compressor. V z Selecting heat tape. Use only pipe -heating cable (tape) listed for manufac- tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- ble (tape) manufacturer in- stallation instructions. Testing water lines. Only use pneumatic (air) testing when hydrostatic testing is not practical. Air under pressure is explosive. Ex- ercise extreme caution and notify all site personnel of the test. Wear protective eyewear and take precau- tions to prevent impact damage to the system while the test is in pro- gress. Do not pneumati- cally test CPVC systems. Pneumatically test Flow Guard Gold systems only at low pressure levels (20 psi or less). Pressurizing water lines. When pressurizing the wa- ter system, connect the pump to a location above a closed shut-off valve so as not to introduce pressure into the municipal water supply. ne Corporation 83 7. Open faucets. With the air st throughout the home. 8. Disconnect compressor. Af disconnect the air supply and 9. Pour anti -freeze. Pour an antif sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure traps. STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SEI on the system, open one faucet at a time to entire system has been drained of all water, e the water inlet valve. ,ze solution into all drain traps, including at the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- CE CONNECTION If the home uses natural or liquid petrole m gas (LPG, also known as propane) for water or space heating, cooking or other appliances, follow the procedure described below: 1. Inspect vents. Assure that all curely connected and that roof transit and they are properly in 2. Review appliance instructior structions before the home is c are typically configured to oper consult the appliance manufac need to be made. For homes k a different orifice. ;haust vents on gas -fired equipment are se- .cks and stacks have not come loose during . Review each appliance manufacturer's in- inected to the gas supply. Most gas appliances :e on natural gas. If the gas supply will be LPG, rer's instructions to determine what changes ated above 3,000 feet, appliances may require 3. Remove cap. Remove the protective cap from home inlet pipe and install a full flow shut-off valve at the supply linlet (Figure 86). 4. Install regulator. The gas pipir least seven inches of water colt than 14 inches of water column ply source exceeds, or could e) by the LAHJ. 5. Connect supply. Using matchi the inlet side of the shut-off val% 6. Close valves. Close all valves valve. Full Flow Shutoff Valve Required_ (Supplied By Others) Source of Gas system is designed for a pressure that is at in (4 oz. per sq in or 0.25 psi) but not more I oz. per sq in or 0.5 psi). If gas from any sup- ,ed this pressure, install a regulator if required threaded fittings, connect the gas supply to appliances prior to opening the main supply Floor Cover Union (Supplied By Others) TESTING Test the gas piping system in the followi g two ways: 1) piping only and 2) entire system. Consult with the LAHJ for any additional esting or start-up requirements. Before testing is begun, the temperature of the ambient air and the piping should be ap- proximately the same. Conduct the tests when and where air temperatures will remain constant. Piping only test (all appliances isolai 1. Isolate appliances. Isolate all ance shut-off valves. from the system by closing all appli- Installing gas lines. Only qualified professionals may connect and test gas ser- vice. Figure 86. Gas service con- nection / ' // Fill gas water heaters. Be- fore lighting the pilot on a gas powered water heater, fill the tank with water. Fail- ure to do so could damage the water heater. 84 Skyline 2. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a mercury manometer or slope gauge calibrated in increments of not more than 1/10 lb. 3. Pressurize system. Using an air compressor, pressurize the system with com- pressed air to three psi and isolate the pressure source from the system. 4. Monitor pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 10 minutes. 5. Check for leaks. If pressure drops below three psi, check for leaks by applying a non -corrosive, ammonia -free gas leak detection fluid to the joints at all valves, appliance connections, and crossover connections (do not use dish washing de- tergents, soap, or other household chemicals). If bubbles form, tighten the con- nection and recheck. 6. Repair leaks. If leaks persist, replace defective pipes or fittings with sound ma- terial and retest. 7. Release pressure. Release pressure and open all appliance shut-off valves. 8. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- move leak detection fluid. Entire system test (with appliances) 1. Close appliances. Close all gas equipment controls and pilot light valves ac- cording to the individual gas equipment manufacturer's instructions. 2. Open valves. Assure that gas shut-off valves for all gas equipment are in the open position. 3. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a pressure gauge calibrated in ounces. 4. Pressurize system. Pressurize the system with compressed air to six to eight ounces (3/8 to 1/2 psi, or 10 to 14 inches of water column). 5. Check for leaks. Check for leaks as described above in step 4 of the Piping only test. Replace defective pipes or fittings with sound material and re -test. 6. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- move leak detection fluid. GAS APPLIANCE START-UP Open the shut-off valve for each appliance and adjust the burners according to the appli- ance manufacturer's instructions. Verify that the furnace and water heater thermostats are operating properly and set them to the desired temperatures. STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE Homes that are equipped with oil burning furnaces must have oil supply piping installed and tested on site by a qualified professional in accordance with NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 or the requirements of the LAHJ, which- ever is more stringent. The home manufacturer does not supply oil piping or tanks. OIL CONNECTION Consult the furnace manufacturer's instructions for proper pipe -sizing and installation procedures. Where piping is run through the bottom of the home, ensure all holes in the bottom board are sealed tight with foam, mastic, and/or tape specially made for that pur- pose and made rodent proof. When equipping the home with an oil storage tank, comply with the following: • Install the pipe with a gradual slope toward the fill end or drain plug (if so equipped) to facilitate pumping or draining of water and sludge. • Provide a readily accessible approved manual shut-off valve at the outlet, in- stalled to close against the supply. • Equip the tank with an approved oil filter or strainer located downstream from the tank shut-off valve. Use a filter or strainer containing a sump with a drain to trap water. • Equip under ground tanks with a filler neck extending one foot above grade and a minimum 1-1/4 inch diameter vent pipe extending at least two feet above grade. Testing oil tanks. All oil storage tank and piping in- stallations and tests must meet all applicable local regulations and should be made only by experienced, qualified personnel. ne Corporation 85 • Locate the tank to be accessible for service and inspection, and safe from fire and other hazards. • If the tank is located inside a compartment of the home, provide ventilation at the bottom of the compartment to permit diffusion of vapors. If the tank is fixed to the home, provide for filling an'd draining from the outside. • Insulate interior tanks from the structural members of the home. Provide tanks so installed with an outside fill and vent pipe and an approved liquid level gauge. • Install tanks that feed vaporizing type oil furnaces so that oil flows by gravity. To achieve efficient gravity flow, make sure that the bottom of the tank is at least 18 inches above the furnace oil 6ontrol level. • Tanks for gun type oil furnaces (these furnaces include a fuel pump) may be in- stalled above or below ground. OIL SYSTEM TESTING Before operating the system, fill the tank to capacity with the fuel to be burned and visu- ally check all joints in the system for leakage. Replace (do not repair) parts that leak. 86 skyline corpo J Jul im1►1 r-71 Prepare Appliances and Equipment This chapter provides instructions for installing and/or preparing appliances and other equipment. While the items below can be completed in any order, the last item, CONDUCT ELECTRICAL TEST, must be done last. "INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER'OR HEAT PUMP (p. 87), PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM '(p. 88). VV, INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT (p: 88) V PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM (p. 89) PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER (p.i89) PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER' (p. 90), ' PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS (p. 91), , PREPARE FIREPLACES (p. 91) T PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES (p. 93) INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING (p. 94) INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING' (p. 94) TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (p 96) INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR BEAT PUMP (if applicable) CENTRAL UNITS Install split system or unitary central air conditioners and/or heat pumps as follows: 1. Check suitability. Check the home's Comfort Cooling Certificate (may be in- cluded with the data plate) to confirm that the home is suitable for installation of central air. If so, note the air distribution system's rated duct capacity (BTU/hr), any equipment sizing guidance provided by the manufacturer and information provided to calculate the home's heat gain. 2. Select equipment. Select equipment with a rated heating capacity (BTU/hr) not exceeding the maximum indicated on the home's data plate and a rated cooling capacity sized in accordance with Chapter 28 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual J, Residential Cooling Load, 8th edition. Information needed to calculate the home's heat gain can be found on the home's comfort cooling certificate. Choose equipment with a min. circuit amperage (found on the equip. rating plate) no greater than the branch circuit rating of the exterior air conditioning receptacle (indicated on the adjacent tag), if present. 3. Install A -coil. When installing a cooling A -coil in a down -flow furnace that in- corporates a fresh air intake duct, position the duct in the furnace cavity ac- cording to the furnace manufacturer's instructions (Figure 87). For electric down -flow furnaces, trim the ventilation duct as needed to allow installation of the A -coil and secure the duct to the wall of the compartment or to the top of I ZZ Use listed appliances. All applicable appliances must be listed or certified by a nationally recognized test- ing agency for the applica- tion for which the unit is in- tended and installed in ac- cordance with the terms of its listing or certification. Properly sizing equipment. Oversized cooling equip- ment can lower energy effi- ciency, reduce comfort, shorten equipment life, and may cause moisture prob- lems in the home (including potentially damaging the home's structure). Sizing guidance is provided by the Skyline Corporation 87 -A 7-: _71 the A -coil. Do not restrict the fl contact the A -coil, or allow the ured to form a trap. "Whole House" Ventilation Flex Dud Fumace duct opening; allow the duct insulation to ct to become kinked, restricted, or config- Trap ^whole House° Ventilation Flex Dud / \ A -Col Fumace � Cabinet Furnace PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM If the home does not contain a factory in Italled heating appliance, install a remote heating appliance according to INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, p. 88. Prepare fuel -burning heating systems included with the home as follows: 1. Inspect for damage. Inspect th� furnace and report any damage to the home manufacturer. 2. High altitude. If the home is lot as indicated in the furnace man 4% for each 1,000 feet above s (and in some jurisdictions, licen 3. Convert for LPG gas. If LPG g ance from natural gas to LPG g fied and (if required by the LAH 4. Install intake air pipe. Consult maximum allowable pipe run lei relative to expected snow level: els), acceptable materials, pipe 5. Install flue. For combustion apl sembly as described in PREPA sted more than 2,000 feet above sea level or ifacturer's instructions, derate gas furnaces a level. This work must be done by a qualified ed) technician. is (propane) will be used, convert the appli- ls use. Conversion must be made by a quali- ) licensed technician. he appliance manufacturer's instructions for gth, requirements for air dampers, locations (check with the LAHJ for expected snow lev- >upports, and pipe termination requirements. liances, install the flue roof cap and stack as- IE FIREPLACES, Chimneys (p. 91). INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT Install remote units in compliance with alli heating and cooling equipment requirements in this chapter above and the following: 1. Locate connections to the hone. Find the manufacturer -installed connec- tors, labels, or tags under the home indicating the required connection points for supply and return air. If connectors are not provided nor location indicated, select a supply duct location such that there are approximately equal numbers of supply registers forward and dear of the connection point. Locate the return duct in the center of the home. 2. Install ducts. Install the appropri�e supply and return ducts (not provided) between the remote unit and the home (Fi ure 89), making connections according to the in- structions for crossover ducts in Crossover Connections (p. 53). Manufactured Housing Re- search Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guide- lines available at www.mhrahome.org. Figure 87. Whole house ventilation flex duct in an electric down -flow furnace. From left to right: as pre- pared in the factory; proper installation with A -coil, im- proper installation with A -coil Selecting A -coils. Use only A -coil units compatible and listed for use with the fur- nace in the home and in- stalled in accordance with the furnace manufacturer's instructions. Installing flue stacks with a hinged roof. If flue stack components are installed above the finish roof line (as is often the case with hinged roofs), an Alterna- tive Construction letter is normally required along with a follow-up inspection. Contact the factory for guidance. Venting appliances to the outside. Vent to the exte- rior of the home all com- bustion appliances except ranges and ovens. Selecting ducts. Exterior ductwork for remote units must be provided by the in- staller or HVAC contractor. Ducts must be approved for exterior installation and should be wrapped with in- sulation of at least R-8 un- der a vapor barrier with a perm rating of not greater than one. 04 ne 3. Install dampers. If installing a remote cooling unit in a home with a factory in- stalled furnace, install dampers between the furnace and the home's air duct system, and between the remote unit and the home's air duct system to pre- vent warm air in heating mode from escaping to the remote cooling unit and vice versa. i Home 4. Connect wiring. Install a thermostat containing a fan switch. Connect utilities in accordance with all manufacturer's instructions and local codes. 5. Seal penetrations. Repair or replace all floor insulation disturbed during the duct installation and seal holes in the bottom board using foam, mastic, or tape specially made for that purpose. Air Conditioning or Heating Equipment Supply I Marriage Supply Return Duct l Line Duct � Duct Support Straps at upport Block 48" in. O.C. Minimum Minimum Clearance Between Ducts and Ground to be4in. PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM Prepare the whole -house ventilation system according to the ventilation system manu- facturer's instructions. Confirm that any fresh air intake ducts extend to the exterior and do not draw air from the crawlspace under the home. Do not allow any fresh air ventila- tion intake ducts to become kinked or restricted, forming a trap (Figure 89). PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER The water heater discharge and drip pan drains should have been installed in Connect Utilities (p. 78). In homes with direct -vent water heaters (that utilize gas, oil, or other combustion fuel), and where the water heater is not independently vented to the exterior through a grilled opening, provide combustion air from under the floor using pipe and cement acceptable Figure 88. Remote unit damper locations Figure 89. Ducts connecting exterior heating and/or cool- ing equipment to the home Choosing pipe lengths. The appliance manufac- turer may designate the length of the pipe run based on the pipe diameter and the number of turns in the pipe run. Skyline Corporation 89 -l'J_ to the appliance manufacturer or through he roof via a double -walled flue pipe. If pro- vided through the floor, run the air piping 60 the exterior of the home, with supports spaced every 3-1/2 feet o.c. or less. TerrT{inate the pipe facing downward a minimum of 12 inches above the ground surface and provide a screen on the pipe vent cap. PREPARE CLOTHES DRYE DRYER VENTS If the home includes a clothes dryer, the components for ventilating the dryer are in- cluded with the home (but not necessarily, installed) and a vent opening has been roughed in either in the wall or floor. (If a ryer is not installed, seal all dryer vent open- ings). Run the dryer vent to the outside through beyond the perimeter of the home, using manufacturer (see Figure 90). Vent Below Floor Wall Vent Cap A4lflflT1l""'""mmF�-\--Boa Cap F lex Install the vent as follows: 1. Remove temporary caps. Ren the vent rough openings. 2. Install ductwork. Install ductwc fasteners that penetrate into the connected to the floor joists or c connections are internally overll thereby causing lint accumulati( 3. Install cap and damper. Install the exterior termination of the d the cap to framing or skirting wit caulk or sealant. If the vent tern to the back of the cap around th to metal, hardboard or fiber cen block for vinyl siding. 4. Seal opening. Seal openings it floor, interior walls, siding and s using foam, mastic and/or tape exterior wall or through the floor to a point trials approved by the clothes dryer Vent Through 6dedor Wall With Clampto )uct Vent Cap /—Rigid or Flex Duct to Dryer Dryer Cap Clamp to Dryer With Connection Iuct rt Strap Frame Secured to n of Rim Plateor Through Skirting any temporary seals and duct caps from using clamps (do not use screws or other uct) and support the duct with metal straps rssis at two feet o.c. or less. Ensure duct ped to prevent inhibiting the flow of air and n approved dryer vent cap with damper on t. If the vent terminates at skirting, secure sheet metal screws and seal edges with rates through a wall, apply a bead of sealant opening and secure with sheet metal screws nt siding or with wood screws to a mount and outside of the home including at the a (with caulk), and at the bottom board ally made for that purpose. GAS DRYERS If the home was not fitted for a gas dryer, installing one requires substantial alteration to the home. Gas supply piping and adequate venting must be provided as specified by the dryer manufacturer and installed by al trained professional. Do not cut major struc- tural elements to accommodate a gas dryer. Skyline Corporation Venting exhaust systems. Exhaust vents must extend to the home's exterior through skirting. Termina- tion of the dryer exhaust underneath the home can cause condensation and moisture damage to the home. Lint and dust accu- mulation can ignite, causing a fire. The exhaust system must not contain reverse slope. Figure 90. Clothes dryer ventilation ductwork through floor (left) or exterior wall (right) V&r*#ZrZA Avoid damaging structural elements. Do not cut or otherwise damage struc- tural elements such as floor joists or wall studs for the installation of the dryer ex- haust system. Gas. Ventilation components that may be included with the home for an electric dryer may not be accept- able for gas dryers. Consult the gas dryer manufacturer instructions. Installing ducts. Keep ductwork straight and smooth as possible without excess slack. Slope it M slightly downward towards the exterior to facilitate moisture drainage. PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS The home has several factory installed smoke alarms that are wired to a 120-volt cir- cuit. If the home was designed for placement on a basement, an additional alarm is provided for installation at a pre -wired location under the home. Connect the basement smoke alarm and test all alarms as follows: 1. Check circuit. Ensure that electrical power to the home is activated and that the smoke alarm circuit is on. 2. Remove batteries. Make sure backup batteries (if any) are removed from all smoke alarms. 3. Test alarms. Press the test button on each alarm sequentially. All alarms should sound simultaneously when the test button on any one smoke alarm is pressed. Replace (with the same brand as those installed elsewhere in the home) any alarms that do not sound and retest. 4. Replace batteries. After successful test, replace the backup batteries, dis- carding the protective tabs. PREPARE FIREPLACES Install chimneys, chimney flashing and roofing, fireplace combustion air inlets, and hearths according to the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described be- low. CHIMNEYS Fireplace and wood stoves may require on -site installation of additional sections of ap- proved chimney pipe, a spark arrestor, and a rain cap assembly. Follow the manufac- turer's instructions and the procedures described below: 1. Remove coverings. Remove protective materials covering the roof flashing and any foreign material from the installed part of the chimney. 2. Install chimney pipe. Assemble and seal the chimney per the fireplace or wood stove manufacturer's installation instructions and if there is a conflict be- tween the instructions and the figure, follow the instructions. To assure suffi- cient draft for proper operation, extend the chimney at least three feet above the highest point where it penetrates the roof and at least two feet higher than any surface within 10 feet of the chimney (Figure 92). Use additional sec- tion(s) of chimney pipe (not provided) if required by local code or if the site has obstructions within 10 feet of the chimney. ne Corporation 91 rCknOrn ooi Top Assartly T TI Rain Cap Spark Ar I Spark Chimney Cap A&Va 3' Min Triple Wall Pips Storm Cots Roof Heilt Flashing Firestoo Th'rrtle I From OLtid3 Less Than 10' I T� 2' Min. 10' 3' Min. 3. Install shingles. Install shingleslup to the edge of the flue cut-out in the roof deck. Secure shingles installed d rider the roof flashing with asphalt cement. 4. Install flashing. Place flashing over pipe section and shingles and set in as- phalt cement. Secure flashing to roof deck at top two corners with roofing nails. 5. Complete shingles. Cut shingle in successive courses to fit around the pipe and embed them in asphalt cement where they overlap the flashing. Secure shingles with roofing nails througr flashing and apply asphalt cement over nail heads. The completed installatio I should appear as shown in Figure 93, with the lower part of the flange overlapping the lower shingles and the side and upper shingles overlapping the flange. Skyline Corporation Figure 91. Chimney and combustion air intake duct installation Selecting the appropriate flue. Wood fireplaces use larger diameter flues than gas fireplaces. Make sure flue matches the appliance type. Gas fireplaces cannot burn wood because the flue is too small and smoke will back up into the home. If wood fireplaces are con- verted to gas the flue will be too large resulting in ex- cessive heat loss through the chimney. Figure 92. Chimney clear- ance C 92 J/"Mi-_Ifir -WA Push Down Upper and Side Caulking Roof Shingles Shingles Overlap Flange ' Flange and Are Set In Flange Asphalt Cement Storm Collar I I 2 j Flue Pipe s Trim With Sheet Metal Lower Part of Flange j Sheers If Difficult To Make Overlaps Lower Shingle Flashing Lay Flat On Roof j _--"--- COMBUSTION AIR INLETS Combustion air inlets provide combustion air through the floor or an exterior wall to a combustion appliance. If through an exterior wall, site installation is not required. If through the floor, extend the duct from its point just below the floor to the outside (addi- tional duct material required for this may or may not be provided with the home). Lo- cate the inlet damper above expected snow levels (contact the LAHJ for snow levels). Follow the fireplace manufacturer's instructions (typically in the fireplace/stove or with the chimney parts). HEARTHS If shipped loose, install the fireplace hearth according to the fireplace manufacturer's instructions. PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES Install kitchen and bath appliances according to the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described for each appliance below. COOKING APPLIANCES If the home is provided with a range, cook top and/or grill containing its own exhaust system that penetrates the floor, complete the exhaust system as follows: 1. Remove covers. Remove the cover on the factory -installed exhaust pipe pro- truding from beneath the floor near the appliance. 2. Install termination fitting. Secure the provided termination fitting at the outside edge of the floor. 3. Install duct. Use the provided flexible metallic duct to connect the elbow pro- truding from the floor and the termination fitting. Refer to the manufacturer's installation instructions for guidance on supporting the duct and making the connections. SITE -INSTALLED GAS APPLIANCES Install only appliances with a Btu capacity equivalent to or less than the capacity of the factory -installed piping and at the location of a factory -installed gas riser. REFRIGERATOR Prepare the refrigerator as follows: • Remove straps, blocks, or other securement devices used for shipping and patch any resulting marks on floors or walls. • If the refrigerator has an icemaker, check water lines for leaks upon installa- tion and a few days later to make sure no leaks have developed. SITE -INSTALLED APPLIANCES AND FIXTURES If sinks, tubs, showers or other fixtures or appliances are to be site -installed, follow the manufacturer's installation instructions. Use only products listed for use in manufac- tured homes and follow all applicable local codes. Figure 93. Roof flashing and shingle installation around chimney V&Irzzj Installing combustion air inlets. Do not install the combustion air inlet such that material from the hearth can drop beneath the home. V&FAZZA Installing exhaust ducts. Route exhaust ducts so they do not terminate be- neath the home. Corporation 93 INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING Install exterior lighting according to Figu 1. Remove cover. Remove the s( 2. Install flash ring. Place the no 3. Connect wires. Connect fixtur( black, white to white, and equip wire connectors. Push wires int 4. Connect fixtures. Connect the screws provided with the light fi 5. Weatherproof. Weatherproof/c small gap in the caulking on the accumulate. 6. Complete installation. Install I operation. Wire From Sakh (If Required) a ni (TYPm9 Fixture Carpy —­, Globe INSTALL CEILING FANS/LIG Install ceiling fans with the trailing edges above the finished floor. Comply with all i quirements below. Electrical boxes for u, weight (usually 35 — 50 Ibs). This is starr weight of the fan versus the allowable we fan. CEILING FAWLIGHT MOUNTED TO FA IN CEILING Before installing the unit, make sure that ceiling. If uncertain, check with the manui instructions to connect the unit and comp available, connect the wiring as shown in 94 and the following: ews and cover from electrical junction box. -combustible flash ring over the junction box. wires to house wires in the box, black to vent ground to equipment ground, using listed the box. to the junction box or strap using (ulk around the base of the fixture, leaving a bottom to permit drainage of water that may and globe on the fixture and verify proper Wire From lre Swith (TYPE Pigtail for Ground CorinflY Junction Soc Wire to Other FoNe the blades at least six feet -four inches t manufacturers' instructions and the re - with ceiling fans have a maximum allowed :d inside the box. Check the maximum it for the electrical box before installing the ALLIED ELECTRICAL BOX auate structural bracing is present in the firer. Follow the fan or light manufacturer's the wiring. If the instructions are not ure 95. &r10Fz A Lighting installation. A qualified electrician should install lighting. Before con- necting lighting, disconnect power to the lighting circuit. Ground all exterior light fix- tu res. Using a non-combustible ring. Install a non- combustible ring completely covering any combustible surfaces the fixture may be mounted on (e.g. hard- board, clad wood and vinyl siding), or when ceiling ma- terial is exposed between the light fixture canopy and the junction box. Figure 94. Exterior lighting connection Installing ceiling fans. A qualified electrician should install lighting and fans. Be- fore connecting the ceiling fan or light, disconnect power to the fan wires. Any unit installed outside of the home (such as in a porch ceiling) shall be listed for wet locations. 94 Skyline Corporation �J l T�4Tl 71 Ground Wit Figure 95. Wiring for a cell- ! ing fan or chain -hung light i fixture. color Coded I Wires Ground Strap Wire Nut ailing Ceiling Box Mounting) Limited or Screw Noncombustible Ring (If Required) - Chain CEILING FANLIGHT MOUNTED ON SITE -INSTALLED DECORATIVE BEAM Where the electrical box will be mounted in a site -installed decorative center beam at- i // tached to the ridge beam, connect the fixture as follows (see Figure 96): • A 1. Cut hole. If the decorative beam (shipped loose) does not contain a precut Choosing ceiling fan junc- hole for the electrical box, cut a hole with a diameter approximately 1/4 inch tion boxes. Connect ceil- larger than the box's using a hole saw. Align the hole with the supply wire lo- ing fans only to junction cation and center on the beam. boxes listed and marked for 2. Install box. Install the box in the hole and secure the flange (plastic boxes ceiling fan application in only) to the decorative beam with four #6 x 1" screws. accordance with Article 314.27(b) of 2005 NEC. 3. Insert wire. Insert the ceiling wire through a knock -out hole in the side of the Always ground metal junc- electrical box. It may be necessary to cut a notch in the top of the decorative tion boxes. beam (on the supply wire side of the center beam hole) allowing the supply Selecting fan weight. Do wire to be inserted into the electrical box without binding against the beam not use any ceiling fans or during installation. Leave approximately four inches of wire free in the box. light fixtures that exceed 4. Attach beam. Secure the decorative beam in place over the center line joint, the weight rating of the box checking that the supply wire is not pinched or penetrated by beam fasteners. (35 Ibs unless otherwise Secure the electrical box to the ridge beam with #8 x 2 1 /2" wood screws noted). through the two holes in the top of the box. Grounding electrical de- 5. Strip wires. Strip about 3/4 inch of insulation from the white and black con- vices. Ground fans/lights ductor ends of the supply wire. using a fixture -grounding 6. Position ring. Position the non-combustible flash ring (provided) over the device or a fixture - electrical box so that the finished surface (adjacent to electrical box) which is grounding wire as specified to be covered by the fan canopy is not exposed. in the manufacturer's in- 7. Install and wire unit. Follow the unit manufacturer's installation instructions structions. for mounting the fan/light assembly to the box and for electrical wiring. Use provided electrical connectors for splicing wire. Figure 96. Ceiling fan/light mounted to flush ridge beam Beam �I I 1 I , 2x6 Center Beam - Shipped Loose Ceiling I I for Field Installation Supply Wire Coiled and I I Hole for Box Cut Through 2x6 Secured for Shipment (May Be Cut in Plant or in Field) Notch Beam at Hole if I Necessary for Win: Chase Secure Box to Ridge Beam (field installed) Secure Box to 2x6 Center I Beam (field -installed) Electrical Box Wire Inserted in Field i Side KnockoutofBox Skyline Corporation 95 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEN After completion of all electrical wiring ar ances, lights, and ceiling fans, inspect ai 1. Fill water heater. Fill water he, switching on the circuit breaker 2. Test continuity. Before turninc an electrical continuity test to e and the chassis are effectively 3. Test operation. After turning o operational tests of all devices furnaces, dishwashers, clothes demonstrate that they are cony 4. Test polarity. After turning on 1 trical polarity checks to determi stalled or completed during insi fication is an acceptable electric connections, including crossovers, appli- test the electrical system as follows: r before turning on power to the home or on the electrical power to the home, conduct sure that exposed metallic parts of the home the electrical power to the home, conduct xcept water heaters, electric ranges, electric Fashers/dryers, and portable appliances) to -ted and in working order. electrical power to the home, conduct elec- that connections of electrical equipment in- lation have been made properly. Visual veri- d polarity check. 96 1 Skyline Corporation :J r-I &V I r-IWA Complete Exterior Work This chapter covers sealing the bottom board, installing the ground cover and skirting, preparing wind protection shutters, and completing site -built structures. STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD (p. 97) STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER (p. 97) STEP 3 INSTALL'SKIRTING (p. 98) STEP 4 ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS (p. 98) STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES (p. 98) STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD Tears and openings in the bottom board can result from transportation or installation i /� activities. Inspect for holes and gaps the entire bottom board, especially areas around service penetrations, crossover connections, pipe and duct hangers, foundation ele- ments, and the perimeter of the floor. Using approved materials appropriate for the type A of repair, repair the bottom board wherever torn or loosened as follows: continuous and sealed ot- 1. Insulate. Replace any missing insulation prior to closure and repair of the bot- tom board is critical for home performance, energy tom board, paying particular attention to insulation gaps that may have been efficiency, protection created at P-traps. against moisture problems, 2. Repair large openings. Repair large openings with a durable patch made of prevention of pipe freezing, bottom board fabric or other compatible material and fastened with vinyl bot- and protection against in - tom board tape held in place by fasteners installed with a divergent stapler. sects and rodents. Seal the edges around patches with foam or mastic. For large openings, in- Bottom board sealing stall a rigid backer board behind the bottom board to provide a fastening sub- methods. Tapes shall strate for the patch. never be used alone to re- 3. Repair small openings. Repair small gaps and tears with a combination of pair a bottom board. Diver - vinyl bottom board tape, patches, mastic, or foam sealant. gent staples or mastic must be used in tandem with STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER tape to prevent future tear If the space under the home is to be enclosed with skirting or other materials, a ground off. moisture retarder of a minimum six mil thick polyethylene sheeting or equivalent must Fastening vinyl siding. Do be installed covering the ground under the home. Moisture retarders are not required in not install fasteners directly and regions (less than 15 inches of rainfall annually) with dry soil conditions. If on- into vinyl siding. Allow for grade (surface) footings are used, install the ground moisture retarder prior to placing siding thermal expansion the footings, or install it around the footings after all other work under the home is com- by pre -drilling minimum 1/2 plete. inch diameter fastener Install the ground moisture retarder as follows: holes or fastening skirting to a ledger under the home 1. Apply sheeting. Unroll the round moisture overlapping PP Y 9• 9 Aping joints in the sheeting a (see Best Practice tip). minimum of 12 inches and covering the entire area under the home except for areas under recessed entries, decks, and porches. 2. Seal joints. Seal joints in the retarder with mastic. @Avoiding 3. Weigh down. To keep the retarder in place, weigh it down with stones, concrete radon. blocks, or other heavy, durable materials. For enclosed perimeter wall 4. Repair tears. Repair an voids or tears in the retarder b P p Y y patching with like mate- crawlspace foundations in rial, maintaining a minimum 12-inch overlap and sealing joints with mastic. radon is com- areas areas found the soil, monly rr continue the moisture re- tarder up the perimeter wall Skyline Corporation 97 STEP 3. INSTALL SKIRTING Skirting is any structural or non-structuralperimeter crawispace enclosure. Complete site -built structures (see STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES, p.99) that abut the home (such as porches, attached garages, and steps) prior to installing skirt- ing. TABLE 26. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS Skirting must be of weather -resistant materials or provided with protection against weather deteriorlation at least equivalent to that provided by a coat- ing of zinc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Skirting made from wood or wood products and used within six inches of the ground needs to be (made of materials naturally resistant to decay and termite infestation or pressure treated. Ventilation openings must be covered for their full'height and width with a perforated (1/4 inch maximum opening in any dimension) corrosion and weather -resistant covering that is designed to prevent the entry of rodents. In areas subject to freezing, the coverings for the ventilation openings must have an operable damper, permitting them to be in the open or closed posi- tion depending on the weather. To design and install skirting, comply witfj provided) and the following: 1. Configure skirting. Run the skis heated, conditioned space. Do n entries, porches, or decks (whetl on site) unless skirting is of the f water to freely flow out from and 2. Fasten skirting. Recess the skis the home in a manner that prevE siding or trim and the skirting. Fc stall a skirt rail (lumber strip) unc the edge of the siding for attachr when installing skirting in areas 3. Provide ventilation. Unless the meet the following ventilation rat openings on at least two opposil area to equal at least one square area (or for each 1,500 square fi according to STEP 2. INSTALL Place vents as high above the g 4. Install access. Provide an acce 24 inches high and located so tF home are accessible. 5. Extend vents, drains, and inle air inlets, and air conditioner cor outside and terminate each as it sponding to each appliance. the skirting manufacturer's instructions (if ing along the perimeter of the home's t enclose with skirting areas under recessed er constructed as part of the home or added Ily vented type and installed so as to allow r the home. ing under the siding or trim and attach it to its water from being trapped between the wood, aluminum, or fiberglass skirting, in- ir the floor inset at least 1-1/2 inches from ant of the skirting. Allow for frost heave ubject to frost. Skirting has integral ventilation openings that uirements, install equally sized ventilation sides of the foundation. Size ventilation foot or each 150 square feet of under -floor at if a ground moisture retarder is installed aROUND MOISTURE RETARDER, p. 97). Dund as practical. is opening not less than 18 inches wide and it any utility connections located under the STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONI TERS If desired, prepare temporary protective wi storms and hurricanes according to Figur( 1. Assemble extension framing usin nection. Run appliance exhaust vents, combustion nsation drains through the skirting to the ucted in the sections of this manual corre- WIND PROTECTION SHUT- dow covers for use during severe wind 97, Table 27, and the procedure below. with two 16d common nails at each con- 2. Assemble shutter panels as shown in Figure 97. 3. Store the shutters such that they fare protected from the weather, are not in di- rect contact with the ground, and are easily accessible by the homeowner. at least 12 inches, sealing the edges and between the seams with mastic. Attaching vinyl siding. To install skirting on vinyl - sided homes, screw a treated 2 x 4 on edge to the underside of the floor joists two inches back from the edge of the home. Screw skirting tight to the 2 x 4. V&IrZZA Avoid backfilling against skirting. Do not backfill against non-structural skirt- ing. Skyline Corporation 98 jY.l Yam! To attach shutters to the home: 1. Fasten extension framing to wall framing materials with 16d double -headed nails or #8 x 3" screws, toe nailed/screwed, per Table 27. 2. Fasten assembled panel(s) to extension framing with 12d nails, per Table 27. After use, remove shutters from the home, patch nail holes with caulk and store them as above. Cut If Desked I pprox. f" I Approx. 30 Degrees Extension Frarrig#3 or Stud Grade SPF 2x3 or2x4 Secure OSB or Pywoad to Studding WAh'12d Nails at 6" O.C. / 2x4 42 SPF When Plywoodor Studding, Is Y2" or OSB Used s Yor , Less In Thickness i TABLE 27. SHUTTER CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS Figure 97. Wind protection shutter construction 2 x 3* 7/16, 1/2 6 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. 22 in. o.c. 6 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. 2 x 3 23/32, 3/4 6 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. 22 in. o.c. 4-1/2 in. o.c. 12 in. o.c. • • 2 x 3* 7/16, 1/2 4 in. o.c. 5 in. o.c. 14 in. o.c. 3 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. * 2 x 3 perimeter extension with 2 x 4 studding at 16 inches o.c. STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES Install site -built structures such as steps, landings, garages, awnings, carports, breezeways, porches, decks, railings, sheds, and utility rooms according to manufac- turer's instructions (if any), in compliance with all local regulations including fire separa- tion and electrical requirements, and according to the following: • Construct site -built structures to be structurally independent unless provided for in the design of the home (instructions will be provided by the manufac- turer). • Do not damage the integrity of the home's structural or weatherproofing sys- tem. Seal any weatherproofing connections between the site -built structure and the home and flash any roof connections. • Utilize only GFCI outlets for site -built structures. • Install and test smoke alarms in any site -built structures according to local code. Designing site -built struc- tures. All site -built struc- tures must support their own dead, live, and wind loads and must not transmit any loads to the home's structure. All car- ports should be freestand- ing. Corporation 99 YAaft /14A Prepare Home for Occupancy Follow these steps for final inspection a I d completion of the home. STEP 1XERIFY ALTERNATI% ,STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPEC' .V STEP 3 COMPLETE ENERGI STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME (I STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNAI SPECTION This is normally the responsibility of the stallation is not complete until the altern and documented. CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION (p. 100) ION CHECKLIST (p. 100) STAR CHECKLIST (p. 100) 100) E CONSTRUCTION (A/C) IN- ler and the manufacturer, however, the in - construction inspection has been passed STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECT ION CHECKLIST After all previous steps have been accomplished, inspect the home to verify that it has been completely and properly installed using the checklist starting on p. 101. Correct any deficiencies found, if possible, or if not possible, inform the retailer or manufacturer immediately. STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST For ENERGY STAR qualified homes (check with the retailer or manufacturer), this step is to be completed by the manufacturer's 6esignated representative. Ask the retailer or the manufacturer who this is. The manufacturer's representative must complete the Energy Star Site Installation Checklist, obtain signatures on the ENERGY STAR label, and return the completed ENERGY STAR Site Installation Checklist to the manufacturing plant. STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME Remove and properly dispose of all insi materials from the home and the surrou "move -in" condition. n-generated dust, debris, and packaging property. Ensure that the home is in 100 Skyline Corporation Complete Installation Checklist Use this checklist to confirm that the listed aspects of the installation are complete and correct. FOUNDATION ❑ Footings properly sized and constructed for the soil conditions ❑ Pier spacing per data plate and applicable table and roof load zone ❑ Piers properly constructed and vertical ❑ Perimeter blocking installed (if required) ❑ Piers at each side of large sidewall openings ❑ Center line piers installed at columns ❑ Shims in place and tight ANCHORS ❑ Approved anchors are used ❑ Anchors are installed at correct angles ❑ Anchor spacing and installation correct ❑ Longitudinal ties installed (if required) ❑ Anchor straps are tensioned UNDER THE HOME ❑ Moisture retarder installed ❑ The ground is properly graded to prevent water accumulation ❑ HVAC ducts are supported off the ground and connected tightly to collars at all ends ❑ Fireplace combustion air intake free and unrestricted ❑ No holes or tears in bottom board ❑ Skirting has been installed per manufacturer's instructions with proper vent- ing and provision for frost heave ❑ Dryer vent, range/cook top exhaust, water heater temperature and pressure overflow pipe and AC condensate drain installed to perimeter of crawl space EXTERIOR ❑ Shingled roofs are free of visible damage and serious defects and there are no missing or loose shingles ❑ Shingle close-up and ridge cap have been completed per applicable details ❑ All hold down straps on shingled roofs have been removed and staple holes have been properly sealed ❑ Penetrations at roof stacks, vents and chimneys have been properly sealed ❑ Siding and trim is free of gaps, voids, missing fasteners, damage, and seri- ous defects. All seams are sealed and hardboard edges are sealed ❑ Drip edge and fascia is properly installed and free of damage and serious de- fects ❑ Gutters and downspouts are installed properly such that water is diverted away from the home ❑ Trees and bushes have been trimmed to prevent brushing against the home in windy conditions or under snow loads ❑ The HUD label is exposed, intact and legible ❑ The exterior of the home and immediate surroundings is clean, clear of con- struction materials, dust, and debris i ' // Limits of the checklist. This checklist is not all-inclusive. Some homes have impor- tant features not listed here. Completing this checklist does not guaran- tee that all installation re- quirements have been met. ne Uorporation 101 INTERIOR ❑ Ceilings, walls, and floor cov ❑ Carpeting is properly stretchEl ❑ All trim and molding is instalk ❑ All cabinets, countertops, plu window coverings are free of ❑ All cabinet doors and drawer: ❑ All interior and exterior doors ❑ One window in each bedroon operating instruction labels of ❑ All temporary shipping hardw ❑ Floors are level ❑ The data plate is intact and IE ❑ Smoke alarms have been tes ❑ The interior of the home is cl( -ings are free from damage and serious defects I and seamed f properly and free of damage and defects ibing fixtures, appliances, furnishings, and lamage or serious defects work properly ind windows open, close, and latch properly meets emergency egress requirements, has it, and operates properly re has been removed WATER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS ❑ Crossover and service conned correct materials ❑ Water and drain lines are insul� ❑ Pipe supports are installed and ❑ Proper slope has been maintaii ❑ All necessary inspections and 1 ❑ All sinks, basins, tubs, and toilE ❑ All hot and cold water lines area ter as labeled, and operate pro ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ❑ The panel amperage matches I ❑ The home has been properly g ❑ The main power supply has be censed electrician ❑ All electrical crossovers have b ❑ All receptacles, switches, and II ❑ Ground fault circuit interrupters ❑ All exterior lights have been prc GAS/FUEL OIL SYSTEMS ❑ The gas system pressure test F ❑ Connections between units are ❑ The main fuel line has been prc technician APPLIANCE OPERATING AND VENTINC ❑ All appliances are working prop ❑ Appliance venting is in accordai ❑ Fresh air intakes are properly in ❑ Whole house, kitchen, and bath , clear of materials, dust, and debris and splices have been properly made with ited or otherwise protected from freezing properly spaced led on all drain lines ests have been performed is operate properly properly connected to fixtures, dispense wa- connection to the home properly connected and tested by a li- gn connected ht fixtures operate properly iperate properly ierly installed been conducted iperly made with access as required •ly connected and tested by a qualified with the manufacturer's instructions led fan operation are correct 102 1 Skyline Corporation ❑ Fireplace chimney stack extension and roof cap have been installed in ac- cordance with the manufacturer's instructions ❑ Air conditioner/heat pump is sized properly MISCELLANEOUS ❑ Installation/anchoring certificates or seals have been issued and installed (if required) ❑ Owner's and operation manuals are available for all appliances ❑ This installation manual is left with home Skyline Corporation 103 Index of Step INTRODUCTION................... ...................................................................................3 IMPORTANT NOTICES ............. jj.......... .......... ........................................................... ................................ 3 SAFETY..................................... J............................................................................................................... 3 RESOURCES............................. ............................................................................................................... 4 FEDERAL PREEMPTION.......... I...............................................................................................................4 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................................ 4 ENGINEER'S STAMP............................................................................................................................. 6 SYMBOLSUSED IN THE MANUAL ......................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS... ....................III.............................................................................................................. 6 ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS...............................................................................................6 DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME.............................................................................................. 7 GETTINGSTARTED.............................................................................................:..8 STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE.................................................................................................. . 8 STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE!. STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL Z( STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF-LOADI STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES PREPARE THE SITE .............. STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS ..... STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LO( STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE TF STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CON] STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL-BEAI STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND I INSTALL FOOTINGS .............. STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD S STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPC STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PI STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MAT STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS............ STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS..... ........................................................................................................... 8 )NE....................................................................................................... 9 ZONE...................................................................................................10 AND SECURE PERMITS....................................................................12 .................................................................................13 ............................................................................................................13 ATIONAND LAYOUT........................................................................13 ESITE.................................................................................................14 )ITION.................................................................................................14 ZING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE...................................................15 ,NCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY..........................................................16 .................................................................................18 JPPORTS...........................................................................................18 RTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking) ...................................... 21 :RIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) ............. 22 :RIALS................................................................................................ 23 ................................................................................................ 24 .................................................................................................. 26 CONSTRUCT FOUNDATIONS .................................................................................28 STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATIO DESIGN............................................................................................28 STEP2. EXCAVATE.....................I........................................................................................................... STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTIIING STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIINETER OR SLAB.................................................................................... WALL..................................................................................... 28 28 28 STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPrORTS ............................................................................................... 29 STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDAiTION WALL....................................................................................... 29 STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE,I ........................................................................................................... 29 SETTHE HOME.......................1................................................................................30 STEP1. PREPARE FOR SET..................................................................................................................30 STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION....................................................................................................... 30 STEP3. LIFT HOME..................................................................................................................................30 STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS ........ I.......................................................................................................... 32 Skyline 104 COMPLETE MULTI -SECTION SET..........................................................................37 STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS.....................................................................................37 STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS...................................................................... 37 STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF....................................................................................................... 37 STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET................................................................... 39 STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS.............................................................................. 40 STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS................................................................................................................... 40 STEP7. CONNECT ROOF......................................................................................................................... 42 STEP8. CONNECT WALLS..................................................................................................................... 44 STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS..................................................................................................................46 STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS................................................................................................ 47 STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION.......................................................................................... 47 STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE.......................................................................................................... 47 STEP13. BUILD STAIRS.......................................................................................................................... 47 COMPLETE ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS..........................................................48 STEP1. COMPLETE ROOF...................................................................................................................... 48 STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF.................................................................................................... 50 STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS.......................................................................................................... 52 CONNECT CROSSOVERS.......................................................................................53 STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS...................................................................................................................... 53 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS................................................................................. 57 STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING............................................................................................ 59 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES.......................................................................................................... 60 STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES........................................................................61 STEP6. CONNECT GAS LINES............................................................................................................... 62 STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING......................................................:........... 63 COMPLETE THE INTERIOR....................................................................................64 STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS........................................................................................................ 64 STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD........................................................................................................... 64. STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES............................................................................ 65 STEP4. COMPLETE CARPET................................................................................................................. 65 STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM....................................................................................................................... 65 STEP 6. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS................................................................................................... 65 INSTALL STABILIZING SYSTEM............................................................................66 STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS......................................................................................... 66 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION.............................................................................. 72 STEP3. SELECT ANCHORS.................................................................................................................... 72 STEP4. INSTALL ANCHORS................................................................................................................... 73 STEP S. INSTALL STRAPS...................................................................................................................... 74 STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS..............................................................................................77 CONNECTUTILITIES...............................................................................................78 STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE........................................................................................... 78 STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE.................................................................................................... 81 STEP3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE.......................................................................................................... 84 STEP4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE............................................................................................................ 85 PREPARE APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT..........................................................87 INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP...................................................................................... 87 Skyline Corporation 105 PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM. L ............................................................................................................... 88 INSTALL REMOTE HEATING IND COOLING EQUIPMENT.................................................................. 88 PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 89 PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WAITER HEATER........................................................................................89 PREPARECLOTHES DRYER..1............................................................................................................... 90 PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS...................................................................................... PREPARE FIREPLACES .......... II...............................................................................................................91 PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATS APPLIANCES / FIXTURES........:........................................................ 93 INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTINC�II...............................................................................................................94 INSTALL CEILING FANS AND L IGHTING...............................................................................................94 TESTELECTRICAL SYSTEM.................................................................................................................. 96 COMPLETE EXTERIOR WORK...............................................................................97 STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD..................................................................................... 97 STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER............................................................................ 97 STEP 3. INSTALL SKIRTING.... I ............................................................................................................... 98 STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS...................................................... 98 STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT 1 STRUCTURES................................................................................... 99 PREPARE HOME FOR OCCUPANCY .....................................................................100 STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION................................................100 STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST.....................................................................................100 STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST.................................................................................100 STEP4. CLEAN THE HOME ...... I..............................................................................................................100 COMPLETE INSTALLATION ICHECKLIST..............................................................101 106 12-22-16