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Home My WebLink AboutNOA- MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOFING SYSTEM1- MIAMI DEPARTMENT OF REGULATORY AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES (RER) BOARD AND CODE ADMINISTRATION DIVISION NOTICE OF ACCEPTANCE (NOA) CertainTeed Corporation 18 Moores Road Malvern, PA 19355 MIAMI-DA,DE COUNTY PRODUCT CONTROL SECTION 11805 SW 26 Street, Room 208 Miami, Florida 33175-2474 T (786)315-2590 F (786) 31525-99 www.miamiclade.2ov/economy SCOPE: This NOA is being issued under the applicable rules and regulations governing the use of construction materials. The documentation submitted has been reviewed and accepted by Miami -Dade County RER - Product Control Section to be used in Miami Dade County and other areas where allowed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). This NOA shall not be valid after the expiration date stated below. The Miami -Dade County Product Control Section (In Miami Dade County) and/or the AHJ (in areas other than Miami Dade County) reserve the right to have this product or material tested for quality assurance purposes. If this product or material fails to perform in the accepted manner, the manufacturer will incur the expense of such testing and the AHJ may immediately revoke, modify, or suspend the use of such product or material within their jurisdiction. RER reserves the right to revoke this acceptance, if it is determined by Miami -Dade County Product Control Section that this product or material fails to meet the requirements of the applicable building code. This product is approved as described herein, and has been designed to comply with the Florida Building Code including the High Velocity Hurricane Zone of the Florida Building Code. ' DESCRIPTION: CertainTeed'Modified Bitumen Roofing Systems over Wood Decks. LABELING: Each unit shall bear a permanent label with the manufacturer's name or logo, city, state and following statement: "Miami -Dade County Product Control Approved", unless otherwise noted herein. RENEWAL of this NOA shall be considered after a renewal application has been filed and there has been no change in the applicable building code negatively affecting the performance of this product. TERMINATION of this NOA will occur after the expiration date or if there has been a revision or change in the materials, use, and/or manufacture of the product or process. Misuse of this NOA as an endorsement of any product, for sales, advertising or any other purposes shall automatically terminate this NOA. Failure to comply with any section of this NOA shall be cause for termination and removal of NOA. ADVERTISEMENT: The NOA number preceded by the words Miami -Dade County, Florida, and followed by the expiration date may be displayed in advertising literature. If any portion of the NOA is displayed, then it shall be done in its entirety. INSPECTION: A copy of this entire NOA slialI be provided to the user by the manufacturer or its distributors and shall be available for inspection at the job site at the request of the Building Official. This NOA revises NOA # 14-0224.03 and consists of pages I through 42. The submitted documentation was reviewed by Alex Tigera. NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI•DADE COUNTY 5 I2 (r ti Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 O 1i Page I of 42 ROOFING SYSTEM APPROVAL Category: Roofing Sub -Category: Modified Bitumen Material: APP/SBS Deck Tyne: Wood Maximum Design Pressure: -127.5 psf. TRADE NAMES OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR LABELED BY APPLICANT: TABLE 1 Product All Weather/Empire Base Sheet Flexiglas Base Sheet Flintlastic Base 20 Flintglas Ply Sheet Type IV Flintglas Premium Ply Sheet Type VI Flintlastic STA i ` I C`y Flintlastic GTA Dimensions 39 3/s" x 65' 10"; Roll weight: 70 lbs. (2 squares) 39 3/s" x 98'9'; Roll weight: 90 lbs. (3 squares) 39 3/8" x 49' 6"; Roll weight: 90 lbs. (1.5 squares) 39 3/s" x 1647'; Roll weight: 38 lbs. (5 squares) 39 3/s" x 164'7"; Roll weight: 40 lbs. (5 squares) 39 3/s" x 32' 10"; Roll weight: 87 lbs. (1 square) Test Product Specification Description ASTM D 4601, Type Asphalt coated, fiberglass reinforced II base sheet. UL Type G2 ASTM D 4601, Type Modified Bitumen coated fiberglass iI base sheet. UL Type G2 ASTM D 6163, Modified Bitumen coated fiberglass Grade S, Type I base sheet. ASTM D 2178, Type Fiberglass, asphalt impregnated ply sheet. .IV UL Type G 1 ASTM D 2178, Type Fiberglass, asphalt impregnated ply VI sheet. UL Type G 1 ASTM D 6222, Smooth surfaced APP Modified Grade S, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven polyester mat reinforcement for torch application. 39 3/s" x 32' 1.0"; Roll . ASTM D 6222, .. Granule surfaced APP Modified weight: 105 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for torch application. Flintlastic GTA-FR 39 3/9" x 32' 10' ; Roll ASTM D 6222, Granule surfaced APP Modified weight: 105 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for torch application. Flintlastic GMS 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Granule surfaced SBS Modified weight: 94 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. NOA No.: 14-0529.02 Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 2 of 42 TRADE NAMES OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR LABELED BY APPLICANT: TABLE 1 Test Product Product Dimensions Specification Description Flintlastic Premium GMS 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM. D 6164, Granule surfaced SBS Modified weight: 101 lbs. Grade G, Type II Bitumen membrane with tion-woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Flintlastic FR-P 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS weight: 101 lbs. Grade G, Type I Modified Bitumen Membrane with (1 square) non -woven polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Flintlastic Premium FR-P 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS weight: 101 lbs. Grade G, Type II Modified Bitumen Membrane with (1 square) non -woven polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Flintlastic FR Dual Cap 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6162, Granule surfaced SBS modified weight: 103 lbs. Grade G, Type I bitumen membrane with a nonwoven (1 square) polyester/fiberglass composite mat reinforcement for use in cold or mop applications. Flintlastic FR Cap 30 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6163, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS weight: 86 lbs. Grade G, Type I Modified Bitumen membrane with. (l square) fiberglass mat reinforcement for mop applications. Flintlastic FR Cap 30 T 39-3/8" x 32' 10'; Roll ASTM D 6163, Granule surfaced SBS Modified weight: 100 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with fiberglass (I square) mat reinforcement for torch application. Flintlastic Base 20 T 39-3/8" x 33'; Roll ASTM D 6163, Modified Bitumen, coated fiberglass Weight: 81 lbs. Grade S, Type I base sheet for torch application. (1. square)-._ -- - Flintlastic FR Cap 30 CoolStar 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6163, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS , weight: 88 lbs. Grade G, Type I Modified Bitumen membrane with (1 square) fiberglass mat reinforcement for mop applications. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic FR Cap 30 T 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6163, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS CoolStar weight: 102 lbs. Grade G, Type I Modified Bitumen membrane with (1 square) fiberglass mat reinforcement for mop applications. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. NOA No.: 14-0529.02 Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 3 of 42 TRADE NAMES OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR LABELED BY APPLICANT: TABLE 1 Test Product Dimensions Specification Product Description Flintlastic GTA CoolStar 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6222, Granule surfaced APP Modified weight: 106 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (l square) polyester mat reinforcement for torch application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic GTA-FR CoolStar 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6222, Granule surfaced APP Modified weight: 106 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for torch application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic GMS CoolStar 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Granule surfaced SBS Modified weight: 97 lbs. Grade G, Type I Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic Premium GMS 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Granule surfaced SBS Modified CoolStar weight: 103 lbs. Grade G, Type Il Bitumen membrane with non -woven (1 square) polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic FR-P CoolStar 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS weight: 103 lbs. Grade G, Type I Modified Bitumen Membrane with (I square) non -woven polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic Premium FR-P 39 3/8" x 32' 10"; Roll ASTM D 6164, Fire resistant, granule surfaced SBS CoolStar weight: 103 lbs. Grade G, Type Il Modified Bitumen Membrane with (1 square) non -woven polyester mat reinforcement for mop application. Covered with reflective CoolStar Coating. Flintlastic Ultra Poly SMS 39 3/8" x 32' 10'; Roll ASTM D 6164, Smooth surfaced SBS Modified Base Sheet weight: 90 lbs. (1 Grade S, Type I Bitumen Membrane with non -woven squares) polyester mat reinforcement for mop applications. Glasbase Base Sheet 36" x 98' 9"; Roll ASTM D 4601, Type Asphalt coated, fiberglass base sheet. weight: 75 lbs. Il, (3 squares) UL Type G2 MIAMI•DADE COUNTY 3 NOA No.: 14-0529.02 Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 4 of 42 TRADE NAMES OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR LABELED BY APPLICANT: TABLE 1 Product Dimensions Flintlastic Poly SMS Base 391/8" x 64' 3"; Roll Sheet weight: 90 lbs. (2 squares) Yosemite Venting Base Sheet 39 3/8" x 32' 1.0' ; Roll weight: 85 lbs. (1 square) Flintlastic APP Base T 39 3/8" x 65' 4'; Roll weight: 100 lbs. (2 squares) Flintlastic Ultra Glass SA 39 3/8" x 33' 11 "; Roll weight: 73 lbs. (1 square) Black DiamondTm Base Sheet 36" x 687'; Roll weight: 78 lbs. (2 squares) APPROVED INSULATIONS: Product Name F1intBoard ISO FlintBoard}I ISO ACFoam -I1 High Density Wood Fiberboard Perlite Insulation DensDeck, DensDeck Prime H-Shield ENRGY 3 ENRGY 3 25 PSI Multi -Max FA-3 SECUROCK Gypsum -Fiber Roof Board Test Product Specification Description ASTM. D 4601, Modified Bitumen coated polyester Grade S, Type II base sheet. UL Type G2 ASTM D 3909 Mineral Surfaced fiberglass reinforced ASTM D 4897, Type buffer sheet. II UL Type G3 ASTM D 6509 Modified Bitumen coated fiberglass base sheet. ASTM D 1970 ASTM D 1970 TABLE 2 Product Description Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Wood fiber insulation board Perlite insulation board Water resistant gypsum board Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Polyisocyanurate foam insulation Polyisocyanurate foam insulation homogenous fiber reinforced Self -adhering, fiberglass reinforced, SBS modified bitumen base/ply sheet. Self -adhering fiberglass reinforced modified bitumen base sheet Manufacturer (With Current NOA) CertainTeed Corporation CertainTeed Corp. Atlas Roofing Corp. Generic Generic Georgia Pacific Gypsum LLC Hunter Panels LLC Jolins Manville Corp. Johns Manville Corp. RMax Operating, LLC USG Corp. NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI•DADE COUNTY Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 5 of 42 APPROVED FASTENERS: TABLE 3 Fastener Product Product Manufacturer Number Name Description Dimensions (With Current NOA) I Trufast #12 DP Fastener Insulation fastener for wood various Altenloh, Brinch & Co. U.S., . and steel decks Inc. 2. Trufast 3" Metal Galvalume steel plate 3" round Altenloh, Brinch & Co. U.S., Insulation Plate Inc. 3. FlintFast #12 Coated, carbon steel screw various CertainTeed Corp. 4. FlintFast 3" Insulation Galvalume AZ50 steel plate 3" round CertainTeed Corp. Plate 5. FlintFast #14 Insulation fastener for wood various CertainTeed Corp. and steel decks 6. Simplex MAXX Cap Polymer fastner I" long Simplex Nails, Inc. 7. OMG 912 Standard Insulation fastener for wood various OMG, Inc. Roofgrip and steel. 8. OMG 3" Galvanized Steel Galvalume stress plate 3" round OMG, Inc. Plates 9. Trufast #14 HD Fastener Insulation fastener for wood various Altenloh, Brinch & Co. U.S., and steel decks Inc. 10. OMG Heavy Duty Insulation and membrane Various OMG, Inc. fastener 11. OMG 3 in. Round Metal Galvalume AZ50 steel plate 3" round OMG, Inc. Plates 12. AccutTrac Hextra Carbon steel fastener Various OMG, Inc. 13. AccuTrac Plates Galvalume stress plate. 3" square OMG, Inc. 14. AccuTrac Flat Bottom A2-SS aluminized steel plate 3" square OMG, Inc. Plates NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI•DADECOUNW Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 6 of 42 APPROVED SURFACING/COATING OPTIONS: TABLE 4 Chosen components must be applied according to manufacturer's application instructions. Any coating, listed below, used as a surfacing, must be listed within a current NOA. System Number Manufacturer Application 1. Generic Gravel applied at 400 Ibs/sq., adhered with flood coat of asphalt at 60 Ibs/sq. 2. Generic Slag applied at 300 Ibs/sq., adhered with flood coat of asphalt at 60 Ibs/sq. 3. Karnak Corp. Karnak (497 AF) Fibrated Aluminum Roof Coating applied at an application rate of 1.5 gal/sq. 4. CertainTeed Corp. FlintCoat A-150 applied at an application rate of 1.5 gal/sq. 5. Gardner Asphalt Corp. APOC #212 Fibered Aluminum Roof Coating applied at an application rate of 1.5 gal/sq. 6. Gardner Asphalt Corp. APOC #400 Sunbrite applied at an application rate of 3 gal./sq. NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI•DAD; COUNTY Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 7 of 42 EVIDENCE SUBMITTED: Test Aeency/ldentifier Name Report Date Factory Mutual Research Corp. FM 4470 3Y8ALAM 03/23/96 FM 4470 OD3A3.AM 04/04/97 FM 4470 2DOAO.AM 12/23/98 FM 4470 1 D7A4.AM 1 1 /09/98 FM 4470 3039046 06/15/10 FM 4470 3048520 09/19/13 Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. UL 790 R11656 01/11/13 United States Testing Company ASTM D 5147 97457-4 06/03/88 ASTM D 5147 97-457-2R 12/02/87 Momentum Technologies, Inc. ASTM D 4601 AX31G81) 09/05/08 ASTM D6164 AX31 G817 06/05/09 ASTM D6222 AX31G8G 06/05/09 ASTM D 3909/ D 4897 AX31 G8C 09/05/08 TrinityjERD TAS 114(J) 3504.06.01-1 06/05/01 TAS 114(J) 3507.08.99-1 04/18/01 TAS 117 (B) 3503.10.06 10/10/06 TAS 117 (B) 06490.04.07-R1 06/27/07 TAS 114 (H) Letter 04/05/06 TAS 114 3533.01.06 01/06/06 TAS 114 3521.07.04 07/29/04 TAS 117 (B)/ ASTM D 6862 C8500SC.11.07 1 1/30/07 TAS 114 C8370.08.08 08/19/08 ASTM Physical Properties C I0080.09.08-R4 03/25/10 ASTM D6164/D4798 C31410.01.11-2 01/10/1 1 ASTM D4601 C40050.09.12-1 09/28/12 ASTM D1970 C40050.09.12-2 09/28/12 ASTM D5147/D4798 C31410.10.10-R1 1 1/01/12 ASTM D5147/D4798 C31410.01.11-1-R1 1 1/01/1.2 ASTM D1876 C35460.05.11 06/16/11 ASTM D1876, TAS 114 (H), C42110.08.12 08/13/12 TAS 117 (B) FM 4474/TAS 114 C39670.08.12 08/20/12 TAS 117B C35500.02.11 02/09/11 ASTM D4798 C31410.01.11-2A-Rl 02/21/13 ASTM D4798 C31410.12.13 12/05/ 13 ASTM D6222 C40050.12.13-R 1 12/31 / 13 TAS 117, TAS 114 C30310.12.09-R1 03/07/14 ASTM D1876, TAS 114 (H), C45620.03.14 03/27/14 FM 4474 ASTM D 1.876, TAS 114 (H), C47320.03.14-R 1 04/01 / 15 FM 4474 PRI Construction Materials ASTMD6163 CTC-032-02-01 01/22/08 Technologies LLC ASTM D6163 CTC-066-02-01 08/09/11 ASTM D6222 CTC-070-02-01 08/09/11 NOA No.: 14-0529.02 Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 8 of 42 EVIDENCE SUBMITTED: Tcst Agency/Identifier Name Report Date ASTM D6164/D4798 CTC-093-02-01 08/09/11 ASTM D2178 CTC-122-02-01 03/13/12 ASTM D2178 CTC-123-02-01 03/13/12 ASTM D4601 CTC-127-02-01 03/13/12 ASTM D6163 CTC-128-02-01 06/1 1/12 ASTM D6163 CTC-129-02-01 06/11/12 ASTM D6164 CTC-132-02-01 06/1 l/12 ASTM D6164 CTC-162-02-01 05/09/13 ASTM D6164 CTC-161-02-01 05/09/13 ASTM D6162 CTC-183-02-01 10/02/13 ASTM D6164 CTC-190-02-01 12/02/13 ASTM D1970 CTC-199-02-01 01/22/14 NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI-DAD, COUNTY Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 9 of 42 w � Membrane Type: APP Modified Deck Type 11: Wood, Non -Insulated Deck Description: 19/32" or greater plywood or wood plank System Type E(3): Base sheet mechanically fastened. All General and System Limitations apply. Base Sheet: One ply of All Weather/Empire Base Sheet, Yosemite Venting Base Sheet, Flexiglas Base Sheet, Flintlastic Poly SMS Base Sheet, Flintlastic Ultra Poly SMS Base Sheet, Glasbase Base Sheet orlFlintglas Premium Ply Sheet Type VI mechanically attached as detailed below. Fastening: Base sheet shall be lapped 4" and fastened with 1 I ga. annular ring shank nails and approved tin caps 8"o.c. in the lap and three rows staggered in the center of the sheet 8"o.c. Ply Sheet: One ply of All Weather/Empire Base Sheet, Flintlastic Ultra Poly SMS Base Sheet, Glasbase (Optional) Base Sheet, Flexiglas Base Sheet, Flintlastic Base 20, Flintlastic Poly SMS Base Sheet or one or more plies of Flintglas Ply Sheet Type IV or Flintglas Premium Ply Sheet Type VI adhered in a full mopping of approved asphalt applied within the EVT range and at a rate of 20-40 lbs./sq. or one ply of Black Diamond Base Sheet or Flintlastic Ultra Glass SA self -adhered or Flintlastic STA or Flintlastic APP Base T torch adhered. Membrane: Flintlastic GTA, Flintlastic GTA CoolStar, Flintlastic GTA-FR or Flintlastic GTA-FR CoolStar tort i a sere to base/ply sheet. Surfacing: Any of the approved surfacing/coating options listed in Table 4. (Optional) Maximum Design -52.5 ps£ (See General Limitation #7) Pressure: NOA No.: 14-0529.02 MIAMI•DADE COUNTY ... � � Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 23 of 42 i WOOD DECK SYSTEM LIMITATIONS: A slip sheet is required with Ply 4 and Ply 6 when used as a mechanically fastened base or anchor sheet. GENERAL LIMITATIONS: 1. Fire classification is not part of this acceptance; refer to a current Approved Roofing Materials Directory for fire ratings of this product. 2. Insulation may be installed in multiple layers. The first layer shall be attached in compliance with Product Control Approval guidelines. All other layers shall beadhered in a frill mopping of approved asphalt applied within the EVT range and at a rate of 20-40 lbs./sq., or mechanically attached using the fastening pattern of the top layer 3. All standard panel sizes are acceptable for mechanical attachment. When applied in approved asphalt, panel size shall be 4' x 4' maximum. 4. An overlay and/or recovery board insulation panel is required on all applications over closed cell foam insulations when the base sheet is fully mopped. If no recovery board is used the base sheet shall be applied using spot mopping with approved asphalt, 12" diameter circles, 24" o.c.; or strip mopped 8" ribbons in three rows, one at each side lap and one down the center of the sheet allowing a continuous area of ventilation. Encircling of the strips is not acceptable. A 6" break shall be placed every 12' in each ribbon to allow cross ventilation. Asphalt application of either system shall be at a minimum rate of 12 lbs./sq. Note: Spot attached systems shall be limited to a maximum design pressure of -45 psf. - 5. Fastener spacing for insulation attachment is based on a Minimum Characteristic Force (F') value of 275 Ibf., as tested in compliance with Testing Application Standard TAS 105. If the fastener value, as field-tested, are below 275 Ibf. insulation attachment shall not be acceptable. 6. Fastener spacing for nechanical attachment of anchor/base sheet or nnennbrane attachment is based on a nninimunn fastener resistance value in conjunction with the maximum design value listed within a specific system. Should the fastener resistance be less than that required, as determined by the Building Official, a revised fastener spacing, prepared, signed and sealed by a Florida registered Professional Engineer, Registered Architect, or Registered Roof Consultant play be submitted. Said revised fastener spacing shall utilize tine withdrawal resistance value taken from Testing Application Standards TAS 105 and calculations in compliance with Roofing Application Standard RAS 117. 7. Perimeter and corner areas shall comply with the enhanced uplift pressure requirements of these areas. Fastener densities shall be increased for both insulation and base sheet as calculated in compliance with Roofing Application Standard RAS 117. Calculations prepared, signed and sealed by a Florida registered Professional Engineer, Registered Architect, or Registered Roof Consultant (When this limitation is specifically referred within this NOA, General Limitation 49 will not be applicable.) 8. All attachment and -sizing of perimeter-nailers;-nnetal profile, and/or flashing termination designs shall conform to Rooting Application Standard RAS I I I and applicable wind load requirements. 9. The maximum designed pressure limitation listed shall be applicable to all roof pressure zones (i.e. field, perimeters, and corners). Neither rational analysis, nor extrapolation shall be permitted for enhanced fastening at enhanced pressure zones (i.e. perimeters, extended corners and corners). (When this limitation is specifically referred within this NOA, General Limitation #7 will not be applicable.) 10. All products listed herein shall have a quality assurance audit in accordance with the Florida Building Code and Rule 61 G20-3 of tine Florida Administrative Code. END OF THIS ACCEPTANCE NOA No.: 14-0529.02 Expiration Date: 06/19/18 Approval Date: 09/24/15 Page 42 of 42