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Home My WebLink AboutEVALUATION REPORT - UNDERLAYMNETSi I NEORECta. i S j� Certificate of Authorization #32455 3 3 Christian Street, Unit #13 �• L- 00 County permitting Oxford, CT 06478 (203) 262-9245 ENGINEER EVALUATE TEST CONSULT CERTIFY REPORTEVALUATION Bor Roofing Evaluation Report M35710.12.10-R10 757 Irvine Center Drive, Suite 100 FL14317-119 �� Irvi e, CA. 92618 �YND Date of Issuance: 12/21/2010 (60 ) 269-2288 �# Lucie CO Revision 10: 05/29/2018 County This (Evaluation Report is issued under Rule 61G20-3 and the applicable rules and regulations governing the use of con truction materials in the State of Florida. The documentation submitted has been reviewed by Robert Nieminen, P.E.Ifor use of the product under the Florida Building Code and Florida Building Code, Residential Volume. The pro ducts described herein have been evaluated for compliance with the 6th Edition (2017) Florida Building Code sec bons noted herein. DES RIPTION: Boral Roof Underlayments lie LING: Labeling shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Accredited Quality Assurance Agency noted her tI in. Co'"TINUEDCOMPLIANCE: This Evaluation'Report is valid until such time as the named product(s) changes, the referenced Qu lity Assurance documentation changes, or provisions of the Code that relate to the product change. Acceptance of thi Evaluation Report by the named client constitutes agreement to notify Robert Nieminen, P.E. of any changes to th I product(s), the Quality Assurance or the production facility location(s). NEMO I etc. requires a complete review of thi Evaluation Report relative to updated Code requirements with each Code Cycle. ADVERTISEMENT: The Evaluation Report number preceded by the words "NEMO Ietc. Evaluated" may be displayed in ad �ertising literature. If any portion of the Evaluation Report is displayed, then it shall be done in its entirety. IN I ECTION: Upon request,a copy of this entire Evaluation Report shall be provided to the user by the manufacturer or its (distributors and shall be available for inspection at the job site at the request of the Building Official. Th 's Evaluation Report consists of pages 1 through 8. Pr 1pared by: R bert J.M. Nieminen P.E. ,'sfi'"Q' ,tic,' The facsimile seal appearing was authorized by Robert Fl Ido Registration No. 59166, Florida DCA ANE1983 " _'!r�:. ; �,; ` •'" Nieminen, P.E. on 05/29/2018. This does not serve as an CE IIr electronically signed document. TIFICATION OF INDEPENDENCE: 1., NEMO ETC, LLC does not.have, nor does it intend to acquire or will it acquire, a financial interest in any company manufacturing or distributing products it evaluates. 2.. MEMO ETC, LLC is not owned, operated or controlled by any company manufacturing or distributing products it evaluates. 3. Robert Nieminen, P.E. does not have nor will acquire, a financial interest in any company manufacturing or distributing products for which the evaluation reports are being issued. 4. Robert Niemihen, P.E. does not have, nor will acquire, a financial interest in any other entity involved in the approval process of the product. 5 I This is a building code evaluation. Neither NEMOletc. nor Robert Nieminen, P.E. are, in any way, the Designer of Record for any project on which this Evaluation Report, or previous versions thereof, is/was used for permitting or design guidance unless retained specifically for that purpose. ONEMOletc. COMPONENT EVALUATION: Product Category: Roofing Sub -Category: Underlayment Compliance Statement: Boral Roof Underlayments, as marketed by Boral Roofing, have demonstrated compliance with the following sections of the 6th Edition (2017) Florida Building Code through testing in accordance with the following Standards. Compliance is subject to the Installation Requirements and Limitations / Conditions of Use set forth herein. Section Property Standard Year 1504.3.1 Wind Uplift UL 1897 2012 1507.1.1, T1507.1.1, Physical Properties ASTM D1970 2015 1507.2.9.2 1507.3.3 Physical Properties FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12) 2012 Entity Examination . Reference Date ERD (TST 6049) Physical Properties M36790.07.11 09/30/2011 ERD (TST 6049) Physical Properties 640380.08.12 08/28/2012 ERD (TST 6049) Tensile Adhesion / LTA C41420.09.12-2 09/11/2012 ERD (TST 6049) Adhesion 1341940.09.12 09/13/2012 ERD (TST 6049) Tensile Adhesion / LTA B47390.07.14-1 07/31/2014 ERD (TST 6049) Tensile Adhesion / LTA 647390.09.14 09/04/2014 OC (PDM1838) Physical Properties Equivalency statement 11/02/2017 PRI (TST 5878) ASTM D1970 NEI-031-02-02:REV 10/27/2010 PRI (TST 5878) ASTM D1970 NEI-029-02-01:REV 12/03/2010 PRI (TST 5878) Tensile Adhesion / LTA NEI-046-02-01REV 12/17/2010 PRI (TST 5878) FRSA/TRI April 2012 NEI-076-02-01 02/14/2011 PRI (TST 5878) ASTM D1970 NEI-034-02-02 01/29/2013 PRI (TST 5878) Wind Uplift BORR-001-02-01 03/17/2015 PRI (TST 5878) Wind Uplift BORR-005-02-01 06/24/2015 PRI (TST 5878) Tensile Adhesion / LTA DAPF-002-02-01 03/08/2018 UL, LLC. (QUA 9625) Quality Assurance Service Confirmation Exp. 08/21/2020 Boral® TileSeal SO"T is a nominal 50-mil thick, polyester -surfaced, self -adhering SBS modified bitumen roof underlayment; meets ASTM D1970. Boral® TIIeSeal"T is a nominal 60-mil thick, polyester -surfaced, self -adhering SBS modified bitumen roof underlayment; meets ASTM D1970 and FRSA/TRI 04-12. Boral® MetalSeal"T is a nominal 60-mil thick, polyester -surfaced, self -adhering SBS modified bitumen roof underlayment; meets ASTM D1970 and FRSA/TRI 04-12. GatorSeal® is a nominal 55-mil thick, granular -surfaced, fiberglass reinforced, self -adhering SBS modified bitumen roof underlayment; meets ASTM D1970. Citadel® Plus is a nominal 48-mil thick, fabric -surfaced, fiberglass reinforced, self -adhering SBS modified bitumen roofing underlayment for use as a base -layer in two-ply underlayment systems; meets ASTM D1970. ETC, LLC Evaluation Report M35710.12.10-R30 to of Authorization #32455 6T" EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION F1.14317-119 Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 2 of 8 I ON EMO I etc. 5.1 This is a building code evaluation. Neither NEMO ETC, LLC nor Robert Nieminen, P.E. are, in any way, the Designer of Record for any project on which this Evaluation Report, or previous versions thereof, is/was used for permitting or design guidance unless retained specifically for that purpose. 5.2This Evaluation Report is not for use in FBC HVHZ jurisdictions. 5.3 Fire Classification is not part of this Laboratory Report; refer to current Approved Roofing Materials Directory for fire ratings of this product. 5.4 Boral Roof Underlayments may be used with any prepared roof cover where the product is specifically i referenced within FBC approval documents. If not listed, a request may be made to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval based on this evaluation combined with supporting data for the prepared roof covering. 5.5j Allowable Roof Covers: Table 1 pertains to use of each listed underlayment by -itself beneath the stated roof covers. Refer to the installation instructions and Table 2 for two-ply underlayment options. TABLE 1: ROOF COVEROPTIONS underlayment Asphalt Nail-06 Tile' Adhesive -set Metal Wood Shakes Slate Shingles Tile & Shingles Boral TileSeal 50HT Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Boral TileSealHT Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (See 5.5.1) Boral MetalSealHT Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (See 5.5.1) GatorSeal Yes No No No Yes Yes 5.�.J.1 "Adhesive -set Tile" is limited to use of following Approved tile adhesives / underlayment combinations. TABLE . ADHESIVE UNDERLAYMENT COMBINATIONS' Adhesive Florida Product. Underlayments Approval DAP Foam Touch 'n Seal StormBond Roof Tile Adhesive FL14506 Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSealHT DAP Foam Touch'n Seal StormBond 2 Two -Component Polyurethane Roof Tile Adhesive FL21374 Boral TileSealHT or Boral MetalSealHT Dow TILE BOND'"" Roof Tile Adhesive FL22525 Boral TileSealHT or Boral MetalSealHT ICP Adhesives Polyset° AH-160 FL6332 Boral TileSealHT or Boral MetalSealHT ICP Adhesives Polyset® RTA-1 FL6276 Boral TileSealHT or Boral MetalSealHT 1 Refer to Tile Manufacturer's orAdhesive Manufacturer's Florida Product Approval for Overturning Moment Resistance Performance. i NE ' 0 ETC, LLC Evaluation Report M35710.12.30-R30 Cer[ irate of Authorization 1t32455 6T" EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION F1.14317-119 Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 3 of 8 5.611, 5.6''. 5 5 5. ONEMOletc. Allowable Substrates: Direct -Bond to Deck: Citadel Plus, Boral TileSeal 5Q"T, Boral TileSeal"T, Boral MetalSealIT or GatorSeal: ➢ Plywood (unprimed or primed with ASTM D41 primer). Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeaIIT: ➢ OSB primed with ASTM D41 primer. Note: Refer to Section 5.6.4 for uplift limitations associated with direct -deck underlayment installations where the overlying roof cover is adhesive -set tile roofing Bond to Base Laver Underlavment: Citadel Plus, Boral TileSeal 50HT, Boral TileSeal"T, Boral MetalSeal"T or GatorSeal: ➢ ASTM D226, Type II felt; Citadel Plus. For installations under mechanically attached prepared roof coverings, base layer shall be attached per minimum codified requirements. For installations under adhesive -set tile systems, base layer shall be attached per minimum requirements of FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12), Appendix A, Table 1, or as listed in Section 5.6.4 herein, or as tested in accordance with FBC 1504.3.1. i Bond to Other Substrate Types: Citadel Plus, Boral TileSeal 501T, Boral TileSeal"T, Boral MetalSeal"T or GatorSeal: ➢ ASTM D41 primed metal (e.g., flashing metal, valley metal, etc.). Boral TileSeal"T: ➢ Huber Zip Deck (unprimed or primed with ASTM D41 primer); Dens Deck Prime. Note: For installation under mechanically attached prepared roof coverings, insulation shall be attached per minimum requirements of the prepared roof covering manufacturer's Product Approval. I Wind Resistance for Underlavment Systems in Adhesive -set Tile Applications: FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12) does not address wind uplift resistance of all underlayment systems beneath adhesive -set tile systems, where the underlayment forms part of the load -path. The following wind uplift limitations apply to underlayment systems that are not addressed in FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12) and are used in adhesive -set tile applications. Maximum Design Pressure is the result of testing for wind load resistance based on allowable wind loads, and reflects the ultimate passing pressure divided by 2 (the 2 to 1 margin of safety per FBC 1504.9 has already been applied). Refer to FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12), Appendix A, Table 1A or FBC 1609 for determination of design wind loads #1 Maximum Design Pressure = -120.0 post: Deck: Min. 15/32-inch plywood to meet project requirements to satisfaction of Authority Having Jurisdiction. Primer: ASTM D41 to the plywood deck Base Ply: Citadel Plus, self -adhered Cap Sheet: Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeal"T, self -adhered, and back -nailed within the selvedge -edge side laps using 12 ga. x 1%" ring shank nails through 32 ga., 1-5/8" diameter tin caps spaced 12-inch o.c. #2 Maximum Design Pressure = -142.5 psf: Deck: Min. 15/32-inch plywood to meet project requirements to satisfaction of Authority Having Jurisdiction. Base Ply: None Cap Sheet: Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeall, self -adhered and back -nailed within the selvedge -edge side laps using 12 ga. x 1Y4" ring shank nails through 32 ga., 1-5/8" diameter tin caps spaced 12-inch o.c. ETC, LLC to ojAuthorizotion #32455 6T" EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Evaluation Report M35710.12.10-R30 FL14317-R9 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 4 of 8 i MEMO I etc. #3 Maximum Design Pressure = -202.5 psf: Deck: Min. 15/32-inch plywood to meet project requirements to satisfaction of Authority Having Jurisdiction. Primer: Tropical Roofing Products #410 Quick Dry Primer or other ASTM D41 primer to the plywood deck Base Ply: None Cap Sheet: Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSealIT, self -adhered, and back -nailed within the selvedge -edge side laps using 12 ga. x 1'/0" ring shank nails through 32 ga., 1-5/8" diameter tin caps spaced 12-inch o.c. #4 Maximum Design Pressure = -210.0 psf: Deck: Min. 15/32-inch plywood to meet project requirements to satisfaction of Authority Having Jurisdiction. Primer: KARNAK #89 Sta-Tak Primer to the plywood deck Base Ply: None Cap Sheet: Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeal IT, self -adhered, and back -nailed within the selvedge -edge side laps using 12 ga. x 1'/0" ring shank nails through 32 ga., 1-5/8" diameter tin caps spaced 12-inch o.c. #5 Maximum Design Pressure = -120.0 psf: Deck: Min. 2,500 psi structural concrete to meet project requirements to satisfaction of Authority Having Jurisdiction. Primer: ASTM D41 to the concrete deck Base Ply: (Optional) Citadel Plus, self -adhered Cap Sheet: Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeal"T, self -adhered 5?.4.1 Note: For adhesive -set tile systems, if there is a base ply or mid -ply of Citadel Plus in the system, the project III design pressure requirements may not exceed -120 psf. 5G Exposure Limitations: GatorSeal shall not be left exposed for longer than 30-days after installation, prior to placement of final roof cover. Boral TileSeal 50"T, Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeal"T shall not be left exposed for longer than 180-days after installation, prior to placement of final roof cover. Citadel Plus, for use as a base -layer in a two-ply underlayment system, shall not be left exposed for longer than 180-days after installation, prior to placement of subsequent underlayment layer. Tile Slippage Limitations [FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12)1: When loading roof tiles on the underlayment in direct -deck tile assemblies, the maximum roof slope shall be as follows. These slope limitations can only be exceeded by using battens during loading of the roof tiles. TABLE 2: TILE SLIPPAGE UmITATIONS FOR DIREcT-DECK TILE INSTALLATIONS Underlayment Tile Profile Staging Method Maximum Slope Boral TileSeal"T or Flat Max. 10-tile stack 6:12 Boral MetalSeal"T Lugged Max. 10-tile stack 6:12 1 Boral Roof Underlayments shall be installed in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions subject to the Limitations set forth in Section 5 herein and the specifics noted below. 2 Re -fasten any loose decking panels, and check for protruding nail heads. Sweep the substrate thoroughly to remove any dust and debris prior to application, and prime the substrate (if applicable). 3 Install self -adhering underlayment when ambient and surface temperatures are minimum 40°F and rising. ETC, LLC Evaluation Report M35710.12.10-R30 to of Authorization N32455 6T" EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION F1.14317-119 Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 5 of 8 6.4 INNEMOletc. I' Citadel'Plus; Citadel Plus is limited to use as a base or mid -layer in multi -ply underlayment systems beneath Boral TileSeal 50"T, Boral TileSeal"T or GatorSeal. 6.4.II Slope limitations are those associated with the top -layer underlayment. 6.4. i Direct to Deck: Cut the membrane into manageable lengths, typically 10 to 12 ft. Align the membrane parallel to the roof edge, extending over by %-inch. Fold the membrane away from the edge onto itself. Remove the release sheet. Place the membrane with the exposed rubberized asphalt onto the deck, pressing firmly into place. Roll into place with a weighted roller. Fasten the top edge of the sheet to the deck with corrosion resistant roofing nails, nails & tin -tags or 1-inch diameter plastic or steel cap nails spaced maximum 12-inch o.c. Overlap successive courses the entire width of the black -selvedge area, minimum 2 inches (horizontal lap) and minimum 6" end (vertical) laps. Install final underlayment layer atop Citadel Plus per 'direct -to -deck' instructions for Boral TileSeal 501T, Boral i 6.41 TileSeal"T, Boral MetalSeal"T or GatorSeal. To Base Sheet: Install base sheet of ASTM D226, Type II felt in accordance with Code requirements or install base ply of Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.4.3 and when used as part of a multi -ply system. Install optional Citadel Plus as a mid -ply in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.4.3. Install final underlayment layer atop Citadel Plus per 'direct -to -deck' instructions for Boral TileSeal 501T, Boral TileSeal"T or GatorSeal Note: For adhesive -set tile systems, if there is a base ply or mid -ply of Citadel Plus in the system, the project design pressure requirements may not exceed -120 psf. 6.5' Boral The Seal50"T:, w° . 6.5, L Shall be installed in compliance with the requirements for ASTM D1970 underlayment in FBC Table 1507.1.1 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed. 6.52 11 Do not use Boral TileSeal 501T on roof pitches less than 2:12. Non -Tile Applications, Direct to Deck: Cut the membrane into manageable lengths, typically 10 to 12 ft. Align the membrane parallel to the roof edge, extending over by %-inch. Fold the membrane away from the edge onto itself. Remove the release sheet. Place the membrane with the exposed rubberized asphalt onto the deck, pressing firmly into place. Roll into place with a weighted roller. Fasten the black selvedge edge to the deck with corrosion resistant roofing nails, nails & tin -tags or 1-inch diameter plastic or steel cap nails spaced maximum 24-inch o.c. for slopes below 7:12 and maximum 12-inch o.c. for slopes 7:12 and greater. Overlap successive courses the entire width of the black -selvedge area, minimum 3- inch. Seal under end (vertical) laps using approved mastic, or use Joined and Folded Seam or Inverted Sheet Seam method detailed in Boral Roofing published installation instructions. ETC, LLC to of Authorization #32455 6"' EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Evaluation Report M35710.12.10-R10 FL14317-R9 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 6 of 8 fONEMOjetc. 6.5 4 Non -Tile Applications, to Base Sheet: Install ASTM D226, Type II felt in accordance with Code requirements or install Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.4. i Install Boral TileSeal 50HT in accordance over ASTM D226, Type II felt or Citadel Plus with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.5.3, except end (vertical) laps, described below. Apply SBS Mastic under all end (vertical) laps or any other laps where the self -adhering bituminous underside is In contact with the fabric top surface, rolling the interface Into place with a weighted roller. 6.6I GatorSeal-; ..:. 6.6 Shall be installed in compliance with the requirements for ASTM D1970 underlayment in FBC Table 1507.1.1 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed. 6.6 I;2 Do not use GatorSeal on roof pitches less than 2:12. II 6.61 Non -Tile applications, Direct to Deck: Cut the membrane into manageable lengths, typically 10 to 12 ft. Align the membrane parallel to the roof edge, extending over by %-inch. Fold the membrane away from the edge onto itself. Remove the release sheet. Place the membrane with the exposed rubberized asphalt onto the deck, pressing firmly into place. Roll into place ! with a weighted roller. Fasten the black selvedge edge to the deck with corrosion resistant roofing nails, nails & tin -tags or 1-inch diameter plastic or steel cap nails spaced 24-inch o.c. for slopes below 7:12 and 12-inch o.c. for slopes 7:12 and greater. Overlap successive courses the entire width of the black -selvedge area, minimum 3-inch. Seal end (vertical) laps using SBS Mastic under all side (vertical) laps or any other laps where the self -adhering bituminous underside is in contact with the granular or mineral top surface, rolling the interface into place with a weighted roller, or using the Inverted Sheet Seam detailed in Boral Roofing published installation instructions. 6.E 4 Non -Tile Applications. to Base Sheet: Install ASTM D226, Type II felt in accordance with Code requirements or install Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.4. Install GatorSeal over ASTM D226, Type II felt or Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.6.3 except end (vertical) laps, described below. Apply SBS Mastic under all side (vertical) laps or any other laps where the self -adhering bituminous underside is j in contact with the granular top surface, rolling the interface into place with a weighted roller. 6BoraftleSeaJIT . or Boral MetalSeal"T 7! 1 Shall be installed in compliance with the requirements for ASTM D1970 underlayment in FBC Table 1507.1.1 for the type of prepared roof covering to be installed. 6. i 2 Do not use Boral TileSea[IT or Boral MetalSeall on roof pitches less than 2:12. 6. 3 Non -Tile Applications. Direct to Deck: For OSB substrate, prime with ASTM D41 primer and allow to dry prior to installation. Cut the membrane into manageable lengths, typically 10 to 12 ft. Align the membrane parallel to the roof edge, extending over by %- inch. Fold the membrane away from the edge onto itself. Remove the release sheet. Place the membrane with the exposed rubberized asphalt onto the deck, pressing firmly into place. Roll into place with a weighted roller. Fasten the black selvedge edge to the deck with roofing nails, nails & tin -tags or 1-inch diameter plastic or steel cap nails spaced maximum 12-inch o.c. Overlap successive courses the entire width of the black -selvedge area, minimum 3-Inch. Seal under all end (vertical) laps using approved mastic or use Inverted Sheet Seam method detailed in Boral ! Roofing published installation instructions. ETC, LLC Evaluation Report M35730.12.10-R10 to of Authorization #32455 6M EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION F1.14317-119 Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 7 of 8 6.7J 6.71 i ON EMO I etc. Non -Tile Applications, to Base Sheet: Install ASTM D226, Type II felt in accordance with Code requirements or install Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.4. Install Boral TileSeal"T or Boral MetalSeal"T over ASTM D226, Type II felt or Citadel Plus in accordance with Boral Roofing published installation instructions and Section 6.7.3, except end (vertical) laps, described below. Apply SBS Mastic under all end (vertical) laps or any other laps where the self -adhering bituminous underside is in contact with the fabric top surface, rolling the interface into place with a weighted roller. Tile Applications: Reference is made to FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12) Installation Manual and Table 1 herein, using the instructions noted above as a guideline. For mechanically fastened tile roofing over 2-ply system, consisting of Base Sheet and self -adhering top sheet(s), Base Sheet fastening shall be not less than FRSA/TRI April 2012 (04-12), Table 1. For adhesive -set tile applications, refer to Section 5.6.4 herein. Note: For adhesive -set tile systems, if there is a base ply or mid -ply of Citadel Plus in the system, the project design pressure requirements may not exceed -120 psf. Refer to Section 5.8 for tile staging limitations. Battens must be used for all tile installations atop Boral TileSeall or Boral MetalSeall with roof pitches of 2%Z to less than 3:12. Boral Roofing's Elevated Batten System or counter battens are required. As required by the Building Official or Authority Having Jurisdiction in order to properly evaluate the installation of this product. Brentwood, NH UL, LLC. — QUA9625; (631) 546-2458; Kanchi.Agrawala-Dokania@ul.com - END OF EVALUATION REPORT - ETC, LLC Yte of Authorization #32455 6T" EDITION (2017) FBC NON-HVHZ EVALUATION Boral Roof Underlayments; (602) 269-2288 Evaluation Report M35730.12.10-R10 FL14317-R9 Revision 10: 05/29/2018 Page 8 of 8