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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMANUFACTURED HOME INSTALLATION MANUALSkyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart, Indiana www.skylinecorp.com 4-48 PG. 1 'V Skyli ne Corporation Manufactured: Home Installation Manual 4-48 pg. 1 RECEIVED SL r) 4 1 SEP 24 me ST. Lucie County, Pprmiql(io cie -oufrly, Permitting = (R') Bringing America Home. Bringing America Fun. -.4 0 -.4 -.4 UJI Using the Manual HUD MHCSS I/15/09 This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter. As you read it, identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need; construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation; and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual, refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward. Select either Single Section Home or a Multi -Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home's foundation type, either Pier and Ground Anchor or Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall (see Definitions, p. 4). Then complete -the -work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an alternative (proprietary) foundation system, the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturer directions for instructions. See page 6 for alternative foundation system criteria. SECTIONSINGLE •ME MULTI -SECTION Pier and Ground.Anchor -Load-Bearing Perimeter Pier, and Ground Anchor Wall I HOME Load Bearing, Perimeter,, Wall 11111 -� Getting Started (p. 8) Getting -Started (p. 8) Getting Started (p. 8) Getting Started (p. 8) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Prepare the Site (p. 13) Install Footings (p. 18) Construct Foundation Install Footings (p. 18) Construct Foundation ♦. (p.28) ♦ (p.28) Set the Home (p. 30) ♦ Set the Home (p. 30) Connect Utilities (p. 77)-, ♦ Complete Roof and Exte- Install Stabilizing System ♦ Complete Multi -Section rior Walls (p. 47) (p. 65) Prepare Appliances and Set (p. 36) ♦ Equipment (p. 86) ♦ Connect Crossovers Connect Utilities (p. 77) ♦ Complete Roof and Exte- (p. 52) ♦. Complete, Under the rior Walls.(p. 47) Prepare Appliances and Home and,Site Built ♦ Complete Interior (p. 63) Equipment (p. 86) Structures (p. 96) Connect Crossovers ♦ ♦ -(p. 52) - Connect Utilities (p. 77) Complete Under the Prepare Home for Occu-. Home and Site Built panty (p. 99) Complete Interior (p. 63) Prepare Appliances and Structures (p. 96) ♦ ♦ Equipment (p. 86) Complete, Installation Install Stabilizing System Prepare Home for Occu- Checklist (p. 100) (p. 65) < Complete. Under the pancy (p. 99) - ♦ Home and Site Built ♦ Connect Utilities (p. 77) Structures. (p. 96) Complete Installation V Checklist (p. 100) Prepare Appliances and Prepare Home for Occu- Equipment (p: 86) pancy (p• 99). z Complete Under the Complete Installation Home and Site Built Checklist (p. 100) Structures (p. 96) Prepare Home for -Occu- pancy (p. 99) Complete Installation Checklist (p. 100) Disclaimer The Manufactured Housing Research -Alliance, its members, consultants, contractors and representatives make no representations, warranty or guarantee, express or implied, as to the accuracy or appropriateness of any materials or information in this manual for use in a specific home, nor assume any liability for the use of the information, methods, or materials contained herein, or for damages arising from any such use. Copyright © 2008 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance ISSN 1529-3424 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9: 2 V This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. Please read all instructions and any other documents (includ- ing addendum pages and supplements) that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. multi -section homes installed over pier and anchor, load bearing crawl space walls and basement foundations. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures, for the set and hookup of manufactured homes to be used as single- family dwellings. The importance of correct installation cannot be over -emphasized. Correct installation is absolutely essential to home- owner satisfaction and the structural integrity of the home. All instructions must be followed to provide the customer with a safe, quality home. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions, further clarification, or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this manual, please contact the manufacturer (see Resources, p. 4), a registered engineer, or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual. Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES • The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation. The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. • To keep the home in compliance with its warranty, the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer. Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home's warranty. Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. • When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions, or encounters site conditions (such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk) or other conditions that prevent the use of the instructions provided in this manual, the installer must obtain special site -specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. • The installer must possess a valid installation license as a manufactured home installer. • If the installer identifies failures of the home to comply with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (the HUD Code), the installer must notify the manufacturer and retailer. �.�%XWIIII The Technical Content of the .sTEq ••. G� �% Manual has been reviewed by �:'�`�o':� PFS Corporation and found to be = PE19600312 in conformance with the Federal #02 ; Manufactured Home Construction VT STATE OF .'wc �.4NpNP •°and Safety Standards. MHcss '''�i���s`S� NA;`ENG�a�`\` 6/19/14 SAFETY There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed, and as experienced professionals, should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them, and be capable of providing safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home. As qualified professionals in the field of manufactured home installation, installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced. Warnings are published throughout this manual as reminders. These reminders may not cover all hazards, all potential hazards, or all possible consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should regularly inspect work performed by crews and subcontractors. Obey OSHA regulations, particularly those related to home construction, such as Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations, call (202) 512-1800 or visit www.osha.gov on the web. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3 J to RESOURCES Manufacturer contact information: Skyline Corporation P.O. Box 743 Elkhart Indiana 46515 (574)294-6521 (574) 295-8601 - FAX www.skylinecorp.com Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing US Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 9164 Washington, DC 20410-8000 Telephone: (202) 708-6423 or (800) 927-2891 FAX: (202) 708-4213 JWPICMISO#°5 Conforms to aun M11Css 1/15/09 State Administrative Agencies A list of SAAs may be found on the web at www.hud.gov or by contacting the Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manu- factured Housing. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered, constructed, and inspected in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construc- tion and Safety Standards (MHCSS) of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the "HUD Code") in effect on the date of manufacture. These Standards set forth minimum re- quirements for the design and construction of manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states, counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of a manufactured home. A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards. The design plans and in -plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agencies to assure compliance with the Standards. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the MHCSS and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installation requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed. Consult with the local authority having jurisdiction (LAHJ) for regulations that may require licenses and/or per- mits or which may affect procedures described in this manual. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. Any device or other means designed to transfer loads to the ground. .ANCHORING EQUIPMENT. Ties, straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a manufactured home to anchor assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM. A .combination of anchoring equipment and anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed and installed, resist the uplift, overturning, and lateral forces on the manufactured home. BASEMENT. A load -bearing perimeter wall foundation that includes habitable space (finished or unfinished, heated or unheated) partly or completely below grade. CRAWLSPACE. The space underneath the home's floor system, enclosed with either load- or non -load bearing perimeter walls. The ground may be covered with a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover. Crawlspace walls must be vented. CROSSOVERS. Utility interconnections between sections of multi -section homes, including heating and cooling ducts, electrical circuits, and water pipes, drain plumbing, and gas lines. DATA PLATE. An information sheet located at the main electrical panel, in the utility room, in a bedroom closet, or in a cabinet in the kitchen. It contains a unique identification number and identifies the wind zone, roof load zone, and cli- matic zone for which the home was constructed. DIAGONAL TIE. A tie intended to resist horiz. or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. FOOTING. That portion of the support system that transmits loads directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. 1/15/09 PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER........................................................................................ 88 PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER..................................................................................................................89 PREPARESMOKE ALARMS................................................................................................................... 90 PREPAREFIREPLACES.......................................................................................................................... 90 PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES................................................................. 92 ----INSiAL=L-EXTERIOR LIGHTING............................................................................................................... 93 INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING............................................................................................... 93 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM................................................................................................................... 95 COMPLETE EXTERIOR WORK...............................................................................96 STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD..................................................................................... 96 STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER............................................................................96 STEP3. INSTALL SKIRTING.................................................................................................................... 97 STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION -SHUTTERS...................................................... 97 STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES................................................................................... 98 PREPARE HOME FOR OCCUPANCY.....................................................................99 STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) INSPECTION ................................................ 99 STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST..................................................................................... 99 STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST................................................................................. 99 STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME.....................................................................................................................99 COMPLETE INSTALLATION CHECKLIST..............................................................100 9:22 AM ne Lorporation 4 105 to HUD M 1/15/09 STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS...................................................................... 36 -STEP-3-COMPLETE-HINGED-ROOF...... :.-36 - STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET................................................................... 38 STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS.............................................................................. 39 STEP6. CONNECT FLOORS................................................................................................................... 39 STEP8. CONNECT WALLS..................................................................................................................... 43 STEP9. ATTACH TAG UNITS..................................................................................................................45 STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS................................................................................................46 STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION.......................................................................................... 46 STEP12. BACKFILL AND GRADE......................................................................................:................... 46 STEP13. BUILD STAIRS.......................................................................................................................... 46 COMPLETE ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS..........................................................47 STEP1. COMPLETE ROOF...................................................................................................................... 47 STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF.................................................................................................... 49 STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS..........................................................................................................51 CONNECTCROSSOVERS.......................................................................................52 STEP1. CONNECT DUCTS...................................................................................................................... 52 STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS................................................................................. 56 STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING............................................................................................ 58 STEP4. CONNECT WATER LINES.......................................................................................................... 59 STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES........................................................................ 60 STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES............................................................................................................... 61 STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING.................................................................. 62 COMPLETE THE INTERIOR....................................................................................63 STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS........................................................................................................ 63 STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD........................................................................................................... 63 STEP 3. COMPLETE WALL AND CEILING FINISHES............................................................................ 64 STEP 4. COMPLETE CARPET................................................................................................................. 64 STEP5. COMPLETE TRIM....................................................................................................................... 64 STEP 6: INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS................................................................................................... 64 INSTALL STABILIZING SYSTEM............................................................................65 STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS......................................................................................... 65 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION.............................................................................. 71 STEP3. SELECT ANCHORS.................................................................................................................... 71 STEP4. INSTALL ANCHORS................................................................................................................... 72 STEP5. INSTALL STRAPS...................................................................................................................... 73 STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS.............................................................................................. 76 CONNECTUTILITIES...............................................................................................77 STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE........................................................................................... 77 STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE.................................................................................................... 80 STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE.......................................................................................................... 83 STEP4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE............................................................................................................ 84 PREPARE APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT..........................................................86 INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP...................................................................................... 86 PREPAREHEATING SYSTEM................................................................................................................. 87 INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT.................................................................. 87 PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 88 H-BEAM. Steel H-beams are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace. They span across the foun- dation from sidewall to sidewall, typically with an intermediate support pier and footing (typically in the center point re- -- ----- suiting m a line of piers under the centerline of a doublee seciion home)- - -- INFORMATION PACKET. A set of important documents provided with the home including warranties, information on high wind coverage, and other features of the specific home. INSTALLATION LICENSE. The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured homes under LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation. The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner. LISTED OR CERTIFIED. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip- ment or materials, and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stan- dards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner. LOAD -BEARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION. A support system for the home whereby the home is mechanically fastened to a structural wall(s) that transfers gravity, lateral, and uplift loads to the ground. ' LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (LAHJ). The state, city, county, municipality, utility, or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of a manufactured home. MUST. Indicates a mandatory requirement. N/A. Indicates not applicable. PIER. That portion of the support system between the footing and the manufactured home, exclusive of shims. Types of piers include, but are not limited to: (1) manufactured steel stands; (2) pressure -treated wood; (3) manufactured con- crete stands; (4) concrete blocks; and (5) portions of foundation walls. PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION. A support system for the home that employs piers under the chassis and other locations to support gravity loads and employs ground anchors and tie downs (the stabilizing system) to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home. Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home's frame. • QUALIFIED. Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely, competently, and in accordance with all applicable codes, standards, rules, and regulations. Meets all necessary qualification tests including any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed. RAMADA. Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over a manufactured home or any portion thereof. SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. SHALL. Indicates a mandatory requirement. SITE FOR A MANUFACTURED HOME. A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one manufac- tured home, its accessory buildings or structures, and accessory equipment, for the exclusive use of the occupants of the home. SKIRTING. A weather -resistant material used to enclose the perimeter, under the living area of the home, from the bottom of the manufactured home to grade. STABILIZING SYSTEM. All components of the anchoring and support systems, such as piers, footings, ties, anchoring equipment, anchoring assemblies, or any other equipment, materials and methods of construction, that support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM. Pilings, columns, a combination of footings, piers, foundation walls, caps, and shims and any com- bination thereof that will, when properly installed, support and secure the manufactured home to the ground. TIE. Straps, cable, or securing devices used to connect the manufactured home to anchoring assemblies. UTILITY CONNECTION. The connection of the manufactured home to utilities that include, but are not limited to, electric- ity, water, sewer, gas, or fuel oil. VERTICAL TIE. A tie intended to resist uplifting and overturning forces. WIND ZONE. The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map, as further defined by the MHCSS. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 104 5 Fa n. 11IID M]EICSS ENGINEER'S STAMP 1n5/09 Certain pages of this manual display the seal of a registered engineer. Federal guidelines only require the seal from one state to be displayed, but the details herein apply to all states. Index of Steps SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................3 IMPORTANT NOTICES................................................................................. This icon indicates an important warning. It is critical to heed these warnings. SAFETY ..................................................................................................................................... 3 RESOURCES............................................................................................................................................4 This icon indicates a recommended best practice. While not required, following these FEDERAL PREEMPTION..........................................................................................................................4 practices will result in a superior installation, reducing the chance that cosmetic or dura- DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................................ 4 bility related complaints might arise. ENGINEER'S STAMP................................................................................................................................ 6 SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL......................................................................................................... 6 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 6 ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene max. Maximum ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS ANSI American National Standards Insti- MHCSS Manufactured Home Construction and DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME.............................................................................................. 6 tute Safety StandardsGETTING STARTED. ................................................................................................ 8 STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE...................................................................................................... 8 APA American Plywood Association min. Minimum STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE............................................................................................................... 8 ASTM American Society for Testing and Ma- mph Mile(s) per hour STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE....................................................................................................... 9 tenals STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF -LOAD ZONE...................................................................................................10 AWPA American Wood Preservers Associa- NEC National Electric Code STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS....................................................................12 tion PREPARE THE SITE • .. .... ........... """..13 CFM Cubic feet per minute NFIP National Flood Insurance Program STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS .......................................................................................13 CFR Code of Federal Regulations NFPA National Fire Protection Association STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT........................................................................13 DWV Drain, Waste, Vent O.C. On center STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE.................................................................................................14 EMT Electrical metallic tubingOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admini- �`$ STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITION.................................................................................................14 stration STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE...................................................15 Federal Emergency Management STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY..........................................................16 FEMA Agency oz Ounce(s) INSTALL FOOTINGS.............................................................................. ..................18 STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS...........................................................................................18 Foot/f ga Gauge ft Gaugeet p. Page STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking)...................................... 21 e psf Pounds per square foot STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) ............. 22 HUD US Department of Housing and Ur- psi Pounds per square inch STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIALS................................................................................................ 23 ban Development STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS in Inch(es) SAA State Administrative Agency STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS.................................................................................................................. 26 LAHJ Local Authority Having Jurisdiction sq ft Square foot/feet CONSTRUCT FOUNDATIONS.................................................................................28 lb(s) Pound(s) STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN............................................................................................ 28 STEP2. EXCAVATE................................................................................................................................. 28 ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB.................................................................................... 28 CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL ................... Alternative foundation systems or designs are permitted if they are approved by the home manufacturer and the manufac-STEP 4. """"""...................................................... 28 turer's DAPIA, and are in accordance with either of the following: STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS............................................................................................... 29 • Systems or designs are manufactured and installed in accordance with their listings by a nationally recognized STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL....................................................................................... 29 testing agency based on a nationally recognized testing protocol; or STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE............................................................................................................ 29 • System designs are prepared by a registered engineer or a registered architect or tested and certified by a regis- SET THE HOME. 30 tered engineer or registered architect in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and are manufactured STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET................................................................................................................... 30 and installed so as not to take the home out of compliance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION....................................................................................................... 30 STEP3. LIFT HOME.................................................................................................................................. 30 DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS...................................................................................................................32 WEATHER PROTECTION COMPLETE MULTI -SECTION SET .... ` If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home, the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to '.'.. ""............................................................... 36 ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes with hinged roofs has not been STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS..................................................................................... 36 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 103 Air conditioner/heat pump is sized properly MISCELLANEOUS Installation/anchoring certificates or seals have been issued and installed (if required) This installation manual is left with home Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1 102 -Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 AM damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair tears in the home closure materials to prevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair roof shingles and siding as -- - - - - — needed— SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new or used manufactured home is to be displayed at a retail location, temporarily block and support the home. Set up single -section homes with single block piers spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each I-beam. The cstern may be=uaedas � +��vA_ :Ac �rsd :a p^ ,n�+ +��_��+c> asl ay a s-anett L-ncate the first pier no further than two feet from the rear end of the home (Figure 1). Place additional piers along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet (i.e. sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For multi -section homes, locate additional piers along the marriage line under support columns. These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1. Supporting a home for display 12'-0" 12,-0" 12'-9' 12'-0" 1 Z_W For all homes, place footings below each pier. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excavation and may be ABS pads, 2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16" x 16" by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored but not on display (i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home) for a pe- riod exceeding 30 days, locate piers below each I-beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. CUSTOMIZATION OF THE MODEL MANUAL This manual is based on a model manufacturer's installation manual used by many different companies. It may have been p, customized from the model by the manufacturer. The table below lists the locations where this manual differs from the model manual. Multi -section set Step 6, 7 & 8 Revised mating line connections to conform to Skyline system. Connect cross-overs Step 1 Revised heat duct cross-overs-to conform to Skyline systems. Install stabilizing System Step 1 Revise anchor location requirements to conform to Skyline system. Connect Utilities Step 2 ' , Revise water heater drip pan drainage to Skyline system. ' Install Stabilizing Systems Step 1 Add minimum ground anchor requirements 6/17/20141:22:09 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1%W000 PFS#°2 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 6/19/14 7 Getting Started This chapter covers a few steps that, taken now, will avoid problems later in the installation process. STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE Locate the data plate inside the home (Figure 2), typically on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, or master bedroom closet. The information on the data plate will be used to verify that the home was designed for the proper location. STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE From Table 1, identify the wind zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. • No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in Wind Zone III.) • A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II can be placed in either Wind Zone II or I.) • Homes located within 1,500 feet of the coastline in Wind Zones II and III must be designed to withstand exposure 'D' conditions. This will be indicated on the data plate. If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. Skyline Corporation (4-48 Figure 2. Sample data plate #az Conforms to 1%W000HUD MHCSS 1/30/17 i / A Site Appropriateness. If the site is not accessible, not appro- priate for the planned support system or cannot be properly graded, notify the purchaser, the retailer and HUD with the rea- sons why the site is unsuitable. Do not install the home until all issues are remedied. 01 INTERIOR Ceilings, walls, and floor coverings are free from damage and serious defects Carpeting is properly stretched and seamed All trim and molding is installed properly and free of damage and defects All cabinets, countertops, plumbing fixtures, appliances, furnishings, and window coverings are free of damage or serious defects All cabinet doors and drawers work properly All interior and exterior doors and windows open, close, and latch properly One window in each bedroom meets emergency egress requirements, has operating instruction labels on it, and operates properly All temporary shipping hardware has been removed Floors are level The data plate is intact and legible Smoke alarms have been tested The interior of the home is clean, clear of materials, dust, and debris WATER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS Crossover and service connection and splices have been properly made with correct materials Water and drain lines are insulated or otherwise protected from freezing Pipe supports are installed and properly spaced Proper slope has been maintained on all drain lines All necessary inspections and tests have been performed All sinks, basins, tubs, and toilets operate properly All hot and cold water lines are properly connected to fixtures, dispense wa- ter as. labeled, and operate properly ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS The panel amperage matches the connection to the home The home has been properly grounded The main power supply has been properly connected and tested by a li- censed electrician All electrical crossovers have been connected All receptacles, switches, and light fixtures operate properly Ground fault circuit interrupters operate properly All exterior lights have been properly installed GAS/FUEL OIL SYSTEMS The gas system pressure test has been conducted Y Connections between units are properly made with access as required The main fuel line has been properly connected and tested by a qualified technician APPLIANCE OPERATING AND VENTING All appliances are working properly Appliance venting is in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions Fresh air intakes are properly installed Whole house, kitchen, and bath exhaust fan operation are correct Fireplace chimney stack extension and roof cap have been installed in ac- cordance with the manufacturer's instructions 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM kyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) VC # (0)5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 101 to 1/15/09 --Complete-1-n-sta-I-l-ati-on--Ch-eCkl-i-st - Use this checklist to confirm that the listed aspects of the installation are complete and correct. FOUNDATION Pier spacing per data plate and applicable table and roof load zone Limits of the checklist. This Piers properly constructed and vertical checklist is not all-inclusive. Perimeter blocking installed (if required) Some homes have impor- Piers at each side of large sidewall openings tant features not listed here. Completing this Center line piers installed at columns checklist does not guaran- Shims in place and tight tee that all installation re- quirements have been met. ANCHORS Approved anchors are used Anchors are installed at correct angles Anchor spacing and installation correct Longitudinal ties installed (if required) Anchor straps are tensioned UNDER THE HOME Moisture retarder installed The ground is properly graded to prevent water accumulation HVAC ducts are supported off the ground and connected tightly to collars at all ends Fireplace combustion air intake free and unrestricted No holes or tears in bottom board Skirting has been installed per manufacturer's instructions with proper vent- ing and provision for frost heave Dryer vent, range/cook top exhaust, water heater temperature and pressure overflow pipe and AC condensate drain installed to perimeter of crawl space EXTERIOR Shingled roofs are free of visible damage and serious defects and there are no missing or loose shingles Shingle close-up and ridge cap have been completed per applicable details All hold down straps on shingled roofs have been removed and staple holes have been properly sealed Penetrations at roof stacks, vents and chimneys have been properly sealed Siding and trim is free of gaps, voids, missing fasteners, damage, and seri- ous defects. All seams are sealed and hardboard edges are sealed Drip edge and fascia is properly installed and free of damage and serious de- fects Gutters and downspouts are installed properly such that water is diverted away from the home Trees and bushes have been trimmed to prevent brushing against the home in windy conditions or under snow loads The HUD label is exposed, intact and legible The exterior of the home and immediate surroundings is clean, clear of con- struction materials, dust, and debris ne Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 100 V. I TABLE 1. WIND ZONE BY LOCALITY Wind Zone All areas except those areas listed below as being within Wind Zone II or III Wind Zone • . • . Counties of Baldwin and Mobile • . All counties except those listed below as within Wind Zone III - • • - Counties of Bryan, Camden, Chatham, Glynn, Liberty, McIntosh Parishes of Acadia, Allen, Ascension, Assumption, Calcasieu, Cameron, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Evangeline, Iberia, Iberville, Jefferson Davis, Lafayette, Livingston, Pointe Coupee, St. Helena, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Landry, St. Martin, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Vermillion, Washington, West Baton Rouge, and West Feliciana Counties of Hancock and Washington - Counties of Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, Nantucket, and Plymouth • • Counties of George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone • - . - Counties of Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington - • Counties of Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, Jasper, and Williamsburg - Counties of Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kennedy, Kleberg, Matagor- da, Nueces, Orange, Refugio, San Patricio, and Willacy • - Cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Princess Anne, and Virginia Beach Entire state • . Coastal regions (as determined by the 90 mph isotach on the ANSYASCE 7-88 map) • .. Counties of Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Lee, Martin, Manatee, Monroe, Palm Beach, Pinellas, and Sarasota - Parishes of Jefferson, La Fourche, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. Mary, and Terrebonne • .. Counties of Carteret, Dare, and Hyde • - All regions of the U.S. Territories of American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Trust Territo- ry of the Pacific Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands G _WA' Figure 2A. Wind Zone Map A MT. ORS M _ WI4yy �' NV, lL IN DE: `CO NN ,V/t s KS NtD ICY Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/30/17 I I//_WZU-1MJ:4.5:UJ AIVI SKyllne uorporation (4-4b HU. 1) M Getting Started STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE From Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone map, identify the thermal (UO) zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules. • No home may be located in an area with a higher thermal zone number than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for T e>f rmal - Zone 2 cannot be placed in Thermal Zone 3.) • A home may be located in a lower thermal zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 may be placed in ei- ther Thermal Zone 2 or 1.). • In no case may a home designated for installation in the "Humid & Fringe Climate," as identified on the data plate, be located outside of this region (Table 2). If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. wA it NN W , Figure 3. Thermal (UO) zone MT ND MIS MA map NE li 'IN NU DE UP CU NN .VA Conforms to • .. HUD -NIMSS . Mr r t 3 1/30/17 TABLE 2. HUMID AND FRINGE CLIMATE ZONES • ... Counties of Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee,'Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw; Dale, Escamba, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lowndes, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Washington, and Wilcox . .. All counties and locations - • . Counties of Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brantley, Brooks, Bryan, Calhoun, Camden, Char- leton, Chatham, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp; Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Grady, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lee, Liberty, Long, Lowndes, McIntosh, Miller, Mitchell, Pierce, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Tattnall, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, Turner, Ware, Wayne, and Worth All counties and locations . All counties and locations • • Counties of Adams, Amite, Claiborne, Clarke, Copiah, Covington, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Issaquena, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Mari- on, Pearl River, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Walthall, Warren, Wayne, and Wilkinson .. Counties of Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, and Pender • .. Counties of Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, and Horry Counties of Anderson, Angelina, Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Bexar, Brazoria, Brooks, Burleson, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron, Camp, Cass, Chambers, Cherokee, Colorado,,Comal, De Witt, Dimmit, Duval, Falls, Fayette, Fort Bend,Franklin, Freestone, Frio, Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Gregg, Grimes, Guadalupe, Hardin, Harris, Harrison, Hays, Henderson, Hidalgo, Hopkins, Houston; Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kaufman, Kennedy, Kinney, Kleberg, La Salle, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Live Oak, Madison, Marion, Matagorda, Maverick, McMullen, Medina, Milam, Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Panola, Polk, Rains,,Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patri- cio, Shelby, Smith; Starr, -Titus, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur,.Uvalde, 'Val Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, Wal- ler, Washington, Webb, Wharton,Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Wood, Zapata, and'Zavala -7:Kyune uorporauon (4-4tS ru..j 1 i UZa/ZU i na:43:U3 HiVI 10 Prepare Home for Occupancy Follow these steps for final inspection and completion of the home. �ip 'STEP 2.:COMPLETE, INSPECTION CHECKLIST (p. 99) STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY.STAR.CHECKLIST (p. 99) STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME (p. 99) STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) IN- SPECTION This is normally the responsibility of the retailer and the manufacturer, however, the in- stallation is not complete until the alternative construction inspection has been passed and documented. STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST After all previous steps have been accomplished, inspect the home to verify that it has been completely and properly installed using the checklist starting on p. 100. Correct any deficiencies found, if possible, or if not possible, inform the retailer or manufacturer immediately. STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST For ENERGY STAR qualified homes (check with the retailer or manufacturer), this step is to be completed by the manufacturer's designated representative. Ask the retailer or the manufacturer who this is. The manufacturer's representative must complete the Energy Star Site Installation Checklist, obtain signatures on the ENERGY STAR label, and return the completed ENERGY STAR Site Installation Checklist to the manufacturing plant. STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME Remove and properly dispose of all installation -generated dust, debris, and packaging materials from the home and the surrounding property. Ensure that the home is in "move -in" condition. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation �® conforms to HUD MHCSS 0 aforms to HMHCSS 1115109 To attach shutters to the home: 1. Fasten extension framing to wall framing materials with 16d double -headed nails or #8 x 3" screws, toe nailed/screwed, per Table 27. 2. Fasten assembled panel(s) to extension framing with 12d nails, per Table 27. After use, remove shutters from the home, patch nail holes with caulk and store them If Desred TABLE 27. SHUTTER CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS 2 x 3 perimeter Secure OSB m Plymod to Studding Wirth 12d Naits at E O.C. 2x4 42 SPF Studding, Required When Plywmdm OSB Used Is Y' ur Less In Thickness Figure 97. Wind protection shutter construction 2 x 3' 7/16, 1/2 6 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. 22 in. o.c. 6 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. 2 x 3 23/32, 3/4 6 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. 22 in. o.c. 4-1/2 in. o.c. 12 in. o.c. 2 x 3* 7/16, 1/2 4 in. o.c. 5 in. o.c. 14 in. o.c. 3 in. o.c. 8 in. o.c. :ension with 2 x 4 studdina at 16 inches o.c. STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES Install site -built structures such as steps, landings, garages, awnings, carports, breezeways, porches, decks, railings, sheds, and utility rooms according to manufac- turer's instructions (if any), in compliance with all local regulations including fire separa- tion and electrical requirements, and according to the following: • Construct site -built structures to be structurally independent unless provided for in the design of the home (instructions will be provided by the manufac- turer). • Do not damage the integrity of the home's structural or weatherproofing sys- tem. Seal any weatherproofing connections between the site -built structure and the home and flash any roof connections. • Utilize only GFCI outlets for site -built structures. • Install and test smoke alarms in any site -built structures according to local code. i I &0 // Designing site -built struc- tures. All site -built struc- tures must support their own dead, live, and wind loads and must not transmit any loads to the home's structure. All car- ports should be freestand- ing. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 98 n �A STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF LOAD ZONE From Table 3, identify the Roof Load Zone for the home. Verify that the home con- forms to the following rules. • No home may be placed in an area with a higher roof load than that -indicated _ -- ---- - -- - -on the data plate.—( xE amp e1 : a home�esiigm for fie Sbuin kZUps oo� I�U� I #02 Load Zone cannot be placed in the Middle (30 psf) Roof Load Zone). • A home may be located in an area with a lower roof load than that indicated Conforms to on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the Middle (30 psf) Roof HUDMHOSS Load Zone may be placed in the South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone). 1/30117 • There are special high roof load areas (primarily in mountains) not shown on the map. Contact the LAHJ or SAA for information about these areas. The home's data plate will indicate if the home has been designed for one of these high roof load areas. • Ramadas may be used in areas with roof live loads greater than 40 psf. Ramadas are to be self-supporting, except that any connection to the home must be for weatherproofing only. TABLE 3. ROOF LOADS BY LOCALITY North 1 psf roof•.• Alaska All counties MaineCounties of Aroostook; Piscataquis, Somerset, Penobscot, Waldo, Knox, Hancock, Washington Middle (30 psf roof load) • • ... All counties •. . All counties • Counties of: Buena Vista, Butler, Calhoun, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee; Chickasaw, Clay, Dickinson, Emmet, Floyd, Franklin, Hamilton,Hancock, Hardin, Howard, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Lyon, Mitchell, O'Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas, Sac, Sioux, Webster, Winnebago, Worth, Wright - Counties of Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kanabec, Lincoln, Oxford, Sagadahoc, York County of Essex .. Counties of Alger, Alcona, Alpena, Antrim, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Dickson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Houghton, Iron, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Ros- common, Schoolcraft, Wexford - .. Counties of Aitkin, Anoka, Benton, Blue Earth, Brown, Cass, Carlton; Carver, Chippewa, Chisago, Cook, Cotton- wood, Crow Wing, Dakota, Dodge, Douglas, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Grant, Hennepin, Hubbard, Itasca, Isanti, Jackson, Kandiyohi, Kanabec, Koochiching, Lac qui Parle, Lake, Le Sueur, Lincoln, Lyon, McLeod, Meeker, Morrison, Millie Lacs,; Mower, Martin, Murray, Nicollet, Nobles, Olmsted, Pipestone, Pine, Pope, Ramsey, Redwood, Renville, Rice; Rock, St. Louis, Sibley, Scott, Steele, Sherburne, Swift, Stearns, Stevens, Todd, Wade- na, Wright, Washington, Wabasha, Winona, Waseca, Watonwan, Yellow Medicine • All Counties - All Counties Counties of Cayuga, Clinton, Essex, Erie, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Living- ston, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Sara- toga, Schenectady, Seneca, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wyoming, Yates �. .. Counties of Brookings, Clay, Codington, Deuel, Grant, Hamlin, Hanson, Hutchinson, Kingsbury, Lake, Lincoln, McCook, Miner, Minnehaha, Moody, Turner, Union, Yankee All Counties • Counties of Addison, Caledonia, Chittenden, Essex, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Rutland', Washington, Windsor • Counties of Ashland, Bayfield, Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Clark, Chippewa, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Flor- ence, Forest, Iron, Jackson, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vilas, Washburn • • All Counties 1 . .. ... • - The states and counties not listed for the Middle or North roof load zone above are deemed to be within the South roof load zone. 'I "I/ZWZU"I 0y:4J:U6 AIVI Skyline Corporation (4-46 I'G. 1) 11 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS Local regulations may set conditions for the siting and installation of a manufactured home. Consult the LAHJ, state manufactured housing association, and the state SAA (See Resources, p. 4) for the specific local requirements, including: • Building codes that may affect the construction of site built structures and in- frastructure. • Local requirements regulating the installation of manufactured homes. • Setback requirements for property lines, streets, yards, and courts. • Fire separation distances. • Development covenants for the specific property. • The locations of flood hazard areas and any special foundation requirements for homes installed in those areas. • In some areas, building permits are required to install manufactured homes. Prior to making any alteration to the site and the home, contact the LAHJ to determine if plan approval and permits are required. ne Corporation (4-48 PG. 1 Figure 3A. Roof zone map. #02 Conforms to HUD DIHCSS 1/30/17 i // Areas subject to flooding. The foundation specifica- tions contained in this manual are NOT intended to address flood loads. If the home is in the flood plain, consult a registered engineer. HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 STEP 3. INSTALL SKIRTING Skirting is any structural or non-structural perimeter crawlspace enclosure. Complete site -built structures (see STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES, p.98) that abut the home (such as porches, attached garages, and steps) prior to installing skirt- ing. TABLE 26. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS To design and install skirting, comply with the skirting manufacturer's instructions (if provided) and the following: 1. Configure skirting. Run the skirting along the perimeter of the home's heated, conditioned space. Do not enclose with skirting areas under recessed entries, porches, or decks (whether constructed as part of the home or added on site) unless skirting is of the fully vented type and installed so as to allow water to freely flow out from under the home. 2. Fasten skirting. Recess the skirting under the siding or trim and attach it to -the home in a manner that prevents water from being trapped between the siding or trim and the skirting. For wood, aluminum, or fiberglass skirting, in- stall a skirt rail (lumber strip) under the floor inset at least 1-1/2 inches from the edge of the siding for attachment of the skirting. Allow for frost heave when installing skirting in areas subject to frost. 3. Provide ventilation. Unless the skirting has integral ventilation openings that meet the following ventilation requirements, install equally sized ventilation openings on at least two opposite sides of the foundation. Size ventilation area to equal at least one square foot or each 150 square feet of under -floor area (or for each 1,500 square feet if a ground moisture retarder is installed according to STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER, p. 96). Place vents as high above the ground as practical. 4. Install access. Provide an access opening not less than 18 inches wide and 24 inches high and located so that any utility connections located under the home are accessible. 5. Extend vents, drains, and inlets. Run appliance exhaust vents, combustion air inlets, and air conditioner condensation drains through the skirting to the outside and terminate each as instructed in the sections of this manual corre- sponding to each appliance. STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUT- TERS If desired, prepare temporary protective window covers for use during severe wind storms and hurricanes according to Figure 97, Table 27, and the procedure below. 1. Assemble extension framing using with two 16d common nails at each con- nection. 2. Assemble shutter panels as shown in Figure 97. 3. Store the shutters such that they are protected from the weather, are not in di- rect contact with the ground, and are easily accessible by the homeowner. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) at least 12 inches, sealing the edges and between the seams with mastic. Attaching vinyl siding. To install skirting on vinyl - sided homes, screw a treated 2 x 4 on edge to the underside of the floor joists two inches back from the edge of the home. Screw skirting tight to the 2 x 4. Avoid backfilling against skirting. Do not backfill against non-structural skirt- ing. 12 -- -Co m-p-I-ete-Exte-r-i-o-r---Work _ _ 1/15/09 This chapter covers sealing the bottom board, installing the ground cover and skirting, preparing wind protection shutters, and completing site -built structures. Hun MHCSS -Prepare- the-S-ite-- --�,�5/09 A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the process of planning the site, evaluating the soil, and preparing the site for construction of the home's support system. STEP 1. REPAIR ANDSEAL BOTTOM BOARD (p. 96) STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS (p.°13) STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER (p. 96) „ V STEP 2. DETERMINE�HOME LOCATION AND -LAYOUT (p. '13) STEP.3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 97) STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p. 14) 4V STEP 4 ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUTTERS (p. 97) STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS (p. 14) STEPS. COMPLETE SITE -BUILT STRUCTURES . 97 T (P STEPS. DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 14) STEP6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY (p. 15) STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD Tears and openings in the bottom board can result from transportation or installation / S/ activities. Inspect for holes and gaps the entire bottom board, especially areas around service penetrations, crossover connections, pipe and duct hangers, foundation ele STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS ments, and the perimeter of the floor. Using approved materials appropriate for the type Sealing bottom boards. A g continuous and sealed bot- Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- tion Whoever is from the 0 of repair, repair the bottom board wherever torn or loosened as follows: of board is critical for company. responsible must secure state permits states 1. Insulate. Replace any missing insulation prior to closure and repair of the bot- home performance, energy through which the home will pass. Site Preparation. The home tom board, paying particular attention to insulation gaps that may have been efficiency, protection In planning the route, avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the manufacturer has no con - created at P-traps. against moisture problems, home, such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses, and bridges not suitable trol over the site planning 2. Repair large openings. Repair large openings with a durable patch made of prevention of pipe freezing, for the load. Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow and installation of the home bottom board fabric or other compatible material and fastened with vinyl bot- and protection against in- branches, bushes, or other foliage to scrape against the home as the home is moved to unless the manufacturer is tom board tape held in place by fasteners installed with a divergent stapler. sects and rodents. the site. Avoid ditches, berms, steep slopes, and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes responsible for the home's Seal the edges around patches with foam or mastic. For large openings, in- Bottom board sealing and soft spots into which the transporter's wheels may sink. Avoid moving over steep installation. Final responsi- stall a rigid backer board behind the bottom board to provide a fastening sub- methods. Tapes shall changes in grade (20 degrees or more). bility for site preparation, strate for the patch. never be used alone to re- If required, provide for home storage and staging areas on the site. Plan the delivery including soil stability and frost heave control, lies with 3. Repair small openings. Repair small gaps and tears with a combination of pair a bottom board. Diver- and staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, the installer. An improperly vinyl bottom board tape, patches, mastic, or foam sealant. gent staples or mastic must home sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate prepared site may result in be used in tandem with sequence. Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively ma- the denial of a foundation - STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER tape to prevent future tear g P temporary dump - the space under the home is to be enclosed with skirting or other materials, a ground °ff' sters, portable toilets, crew parking, delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer de - moisture retarder of a minimum six mil thick polyethylene sheeting or equivalent must Fastening vinyl siding. Do liveries. be installed covering the ground under the home. Moisture retarders are not required in not install fasteners directly into vinyl siding. Allow for Before moving the manufactured home to the site, inform the LAHJ and make sure the and regions less than 15 inches of rainfall annual) with d soil conditions. If on- 9� ( Y) dry site is prepared and utilities are available. grade (surface) footings are used, install the ground moisture retarder prior to placing siding thermal expansion the footings, or install it around the footings after all other work under the home is com- by pre -drilling minimum 1/2 plete. inch diameter fastener STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT Install the ground moisture retarder as follows: holes or fastening skirting to a ledger under the home The home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home location layout in the in Getting Started, i // (see Best Practice tip). and compliance with regulations researched • 1. Apply sheeting. Unroll the round moisture overlapping joints in the sheeting a PP Y 9• 9 PP� 9 j 9 STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 8). Contact utilities for minimum of 12 inches and covering the entire area under the home except for locations of existing infrastructure, such as underground cables, pipes, and electrical Fire separation. Comply areas under recessed entries, decks, and porches. lines. with any LAHJ fire separa- tion requirements or the re- 2. Seal joints. Seal joints in the retarder with mastic. @Avoiding When planning the site improvements, consider the following: quirements NFPA 501A, 3. Weigh down. To keep the retarder in place, weigh it down with stones, concrete radon. a The home location should be level. 2003 edition (Chapter 6). blocks, or other heavy, durable materials. For enclosed perimeter wall 0 Avoid contact with large trees, steep slopes, poorly drained areas, and poten- 4. Repair tears. Repair any voids or tears in the retarder by patching with like ma- crawlspace foundations in areas where radon is com- tial flood zones. terial, maintaining a minimum 12-inch overlap and sealing joints with mastic. monly found in the soil, Preserve trees and shrubs for shade, visual screens, and windbreaks. continue the moisture re- Plan the driveway, parking areas, septic, well, other structures, and utility tarder up the perimeter wall lines. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 96 13 • Consider future additions, such as screen rooms, porches, and awnings. • Site the home away from natural water paths. STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE Trim overhanging foliage considering future growth, potential storms, swaying in wind — - - and snow/ice-weighted branches. -Remove organic material such as vegetation, wood, roots, twigs, dead branches, grass, and brush from directly under the home. Remove any debris that could become termite infested from the site and surrounding area. Re- move all other debris from the home location, including roots from beneath footing loca- tions. Properly dispose of all items. Crown the site (Figure 4) away from the foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum slope of 1/2 inch per foot. Where property lines, walls, slopes, or other physical condi- tions prohibit this slope, provide the site with drains, swales, or grading to drain water away from the structure. Any fill required to grade the site should be inorganic "con- trolled fill" applied in a maximum of four inch layers, compacted between each layer to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Direct runoff away from the site using ditches and berms (Figure 5). If the home will have skirting, start grading from two feet in from the edge of the home. W � y 1► Hc use y � y � yyyyy Arrows Indicate direction of water flow. Grade the ground so that water under porches, decks, and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible, use other methods such as a drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect un- der the home. The home is suitable for the installation of gutters and downspouts. When gutters and downspouts are installed, direct runoff away from the home. STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for placement of a home. The design of the home's support system, including footing/pier spacing and size, will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil, and if ground anchors are used, by the soil's withdrawal strength. The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: • The soil must be firm and undisturbed (not previously excavated) or fill com- pacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Uncompacted fill will settle over time, causing the home to shift and become unlevel. Fill must not contain large debris. This too will settle over time. • The soil must not be comprised of organic clays or peat. Organic material can decay, causing settlement, and also may harbor pests that can infest the home. HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Site drainage. Moisture un- der the home can result in structural damage to the floor system and other parts of the home. Failure to provide adequate slope/drainage can result in moisture -related problems such as mold, mildew, and erosion. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure 5. Direct runoff away from the home Soil. Inadequate soil bearing capacity or a support sys- tem mismatched to the soil characteristics can result in excessive or differential settlement of the home, which can cause the home to go out of level, resulting in jammed doors and win- dows, cracks in finishes and ruptured plumbing connections. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 14 TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM After completion of all electrical wiring and connections, including crossovers, appli- ances, lights, and ceiling fans, inspect and test the electrical system as follows: 1. Fill water heater. Fill water heater before turning on power to the home or switching on the -circuit breaker. -- 2. Test continuity. Before turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct an electrical continuity test to ensure that exposed metallic parts of the home and the chassis are effectively bonded. 3. Test operation. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct operational tests of all devices (except water heaters, electric ranges, electric furnaces, dishwashers, clothes washers/dryers, and portable appliances) to demonstrate that they are connected and in working order. 4. Test polarity. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct elec- trical polarity checks to determine that connections of electrical equipment in- stalled or completed during installation have been made properly. Visual veri- fication is an acceptable electrical polarity check. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline F Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 95 onforms to PFS#os HUD 5CSS visio9 - Ground Wire -- - - — Figure-95--Wiring-for a ceil- The water table must be below the lowest level of the planned support sys- _ ing fan or chain -hung light tem/foundation. A soil's bearing capacity can be greatly reduced when it is onforms to MUD MHCSS celor coded fixture. saturated with water. Note that water tables may vary with seasonal or cli- 1/15/09 Wires Ground mactic conditions. Consult a geologist or the LAHJ if you are unsure of the Strap Wire Nut 'ling e water table level. _.elling.Box—� _ --- - - - ---- --- - --- - - - - - - --- - _---___ -_--- - - -------__------ -- ----- fie-soi►-must�ot`be a highly expansive type.— xE pansive sol s card _— _ -- -- _----- - - -- when they become saturated with water, causing the home to shift and be- come unlevel. If soils are expansive, contact a registered engineer, or regis- Limited or screw tered architect to assist with the design of the foundation system. Noncombustible Ring (If Required) Chain CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED ON SITE -INSTALLED DECORATIVE BEAM Does the soil Where the electrical box will be mounted in a site -installed decorative center beam at- / • • to STEP 5, DETERMINE SOILBEARING CAPACITY AND tached to the ridge beam, connect the fixture as follows (see Figure 96): • ' • • 1. Cut hole. If the decorative beam (shipped loose) does not contain a precut Choosing ceiling fan junc- 00, NO, Consultregistered engineer, registered architect, or geologist t• hole for the electrical box, cut a hole with a diameter approximately 1/4 inch tion boxes. Connect ceil- determine a suit- • - soil bearing - • - larger than the box's using a hole saw. Align the hole with the supply wire lo- ing fans only to junction , cation and center on the beam. boxes listed and marked for 2. Install box. Install the box in the hole and secure the flange (plastic boxes ceiling fan application in STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY AND only) to the decorative beam with four #6 x 1" screws. accordance with Article FROST LINE 3. Insert wire. Insert the ceiling wire through a knock -out hole in the side of the box. It be to in the top the decorative 314.27(b) of 2005 NEC. Always ground metal junc- The soil under a home must be capable of withstanding the loads imposed by the � electrical may necessary cut a notch of tion boxes. weight of the home, its support system and furnishings, as well as any loads imposed • beam (on the supply wire side of the center beam hole) allowing the supply by wind, snow, or other climactic conditions. wire to be inserted into the electrical box without binding against the beam Selecting fan weight. Do Soil bearing capacity. Sup - during installation. Leave approximately four inches of wire free in the box. not use any ceiling fans or SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY port systems on soils with 4. Attach beam. Secure the decorative beam in place over the center line joint, light fixtures that exceed Determine e soil -bearing capacityn ouns er square foot s before designing a tithe ilig Idt p p q (p � bfdi g g bearing capacities less than checking that the supply wire is not pinched or penetrated by beam fasteners. the weight rating of the box support system. The higher the capacity (psf), the more weight the soil can hold without 1,000 psf must be designed Secure the electrical box to the ridge beam with #8 x 2 1/2" wood screws (35 Ibs unless otherwise unduly compressing. As the soil -bearing capacity increases, footings can be reduced in by a registered engineer or through the two holes in the top of the box. noted). ( 1 size ors aced farther apart. p p registered architect and approved b the LAHJ. pp y 5. Strip wires. Strip about 3/4 inch of insulation from the white and black con- Grounding electrical de- vices. Ground fans/lights Use one or more of the following methods to determine the site's soil bearing capacity: Limitations of pocket pene- ductor ends of the supply wire. using a fixture -grounding 0 Test the soil. Hire a registered geologist, registered engineer, or registered trometers. Pocket pene- 6. Position ring. Position the non-combustible flash ring (provided) over the device or a fixture- architect to determine the soil classification and maximum allowable soil bear- trometers do not work on electrical box so that the finished surface (adjacent to electrical box) which is grounding wire as specified ing capacity by testing the soil in accordance with generally accepted engi- sand or gravel. Use Table to be covered by the fan canopy is not exposed. in the manufacturer's in- neering practice. 4 to determine allowable 7. Install and wire unit. Follow the unit manufacturer's installation instructions structions. 0 Obtain soil records. The local office of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's pressure for these types of for mounting the fan/light assembly to the box and for electrical wiring. Use Natural Resources Conservation Service (www.soils.usda.gov) and/or the soils. If you encounter a provided electrical connectors for splicing wire. LAHJ may have test results and/or soil analyses on file for the area. layer of gravel, test the soil Q n Figure 96. Ceiling fan/light Conduct a pocket penetrometer test. Use a pocket penetrometer to esti- under the gravel. Do not put the penetrometer on r Z T mounted to flush ridge beam mate allowable soil -bearing capacity as follows: stones larger than its tip as m Z 1. Select a location that will be under a footing. this will provide an inaccu- n ZO 2. Clear an area of a minimum of one square foot at least four inches deep rate reading. 0 F- Ridge Beam or to the depth of the bottom of the planned footing. 3. Using the instructions provided with the pocket penetrometer, take at O 0 least five readings. 4. Discard the high and low readings and average the remaining readings. O Z`-� i Round this result down to the nearest soil -bearing value shown in the Z 1 l right column of Table 4. Z Z O 2x6 Center Beam - Shipped Loose Ceiling t for Field Installation 5. Confirm that the rounded result matches the soil description on Table 4. Cl) Supply Wire Coiled And Hole for Box Cut Through 2x6 • Determine soil -bearing value by visual examination'. If one of the options rD- r O 1 l Secured for Shipment (May Be Cut in PlantorinFeld) above is not available, the values on Table 4 can be used to establish soil - D 0 0.bearing capacity by visual examination. This method provides lower capacity — Notch Beam at Hole if Necessary forwir values than the options above. Accurate soil identification typically requires O Z O Q Secure Box to Ridge Beam (field installed) special training or expertise. An engineer or building code official may be able 3 LU Secure Box to 2x6 Center to assist in classifying the soil found on the site. D Z Beam (field -installed) Electrical Box Z J YSupply Wire Inserted in Field C D Through Side KnockoutofBox r y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/20UU 9:22 AM 94 1/9/LUUU 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 15 TABLE 4. SOIL -BEARING CAPACITY BY SOIL TYPE Soil Type . • Allowable Rock or hard pan (class 1) 4,000, Sandy gravel and gravel; very dense and/or cemented sands; 2,000 course gravel/cobbles; preloaded silts, clays and coral (class 2) Sand silty sand, clayey sad ilty gravel; medumdense course 1,500 sands; sandy gravel; very stiff silt; sand clays (class 3) Clay, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey silt (classes 4A and 4B) 1,000 Uncompacted fill, peat, organic clays (class, 5) Professional�(esting required Note to table: No allowances made for overburden pressure, embedment depth, water table heiaht. or settlement Droblems. • Use default capacity. Use an allowable pressure of 1,500 psf, unless site - specific information requires the use of lower values based on soil classifica- tion and type according to Table 4. Note that soil types may vary across a home site. In this case, the soil with the lowest bearing capacity should be assumed when designing the support system. Keep a re- cord of the soil -bearing capacity value; it will be used later to design the home's sup- port system. FROST LINE In climates subject to ground freezing, consult the LAHJ, a registered engineer, or reg- istered architect to determine the depth of the frost line. Figure 6 may be used as a guideline when there is no specific local determination. Keep a record of the frost depth; it will be used later to design the home's support system. E STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPAC- ITY When using auger -type ground anchors to tie down the home, first, use a torque probe to determine the anchor -holding strength of the soil on the site. Use a torque probe with a shaft of sufficient length to test the soil at the depth of the Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Figure 6. Average frost penetration depth (in feet) Torque Probe. Before using the torque probe, check with the utility companies for the location of under- ground cables or pipes to avoid contact with the probe shaft. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 16 1/15/09 INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING Install exterior lighting according to Figure 94 and the following: 1. Remove cover. Remove the screws and cover from electrical junction box. 2. Install flash ring. Place the non-combustible flash ring over the junction box. 3. Connect wires. Connect fixture wires to house wires in the box, black to black, white to white, and equipment ground to equipment ground, using listed wire connectors. Push wires into the box. 4. Connect fixtures. Connect the fixture to the junction box or strap using screws provided with the light fixture. 5. Weatherproof. Weatherproof/caulk around the base of the fixture, leaving a small gap in the caulking on the bottom to permit drainage of water that may accumulate. 6. Complete installation. Install bulb and globe on the fixture and verify proper operation. Wire F— Swith — for Ground Cor€ * INSTALL CEILING FANS/LIGHTS Wire Junction Box Wire to Other FDNe Install ceiling fans with the trailing edges of the blades at least six feet -four inches above the finished floor. Comply with all unit manufacturers' instructions and the re- quirements below. Electrical boxes for use with ceiling fans have a maximum allowed weight (usually 35 — 50 Ibs). This is stamped inside the box. Check the maximum weight of the fan versus the allowable weight for the electrical box before installing the fan. CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED TO FACTORY -INSTALLED ELECTRICAL BOX IN CEILING Before installing the unit, make sure that adequate structural bracing is present in the ceiling. If uncertain, check with the manufacturer. Follow the fan or light manufacturer's instructions to connect the unit and complete the wiring. If the instructions are not available, connect the wiring as shown in Figure 95. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corpo i // Lighting installation. A qualified electrician should install lighting. Before con- necting lighting, disconnect power to the lighting circuit. Ground all exterior light fix- tures. Using a non-combustible ring. Install a non- combustible ring completely covering any combustible surfaces the fixture may be mounted on (e.g. hard- board, clad wood and vinyl siding), or when ceiling ma- terial is exposed between the light fixture canopy and the junction box. Figure 94. Exterior lighting connection Installing ceiling fans. A qualified electrician should install lighting and fans. Be- fore connecting the ceiling fan or light, disconnect power to the fan wires. Any unit installed outside of the home (such as in a porch ceiling) shall be listed for wet locations. M PFS Prepare the Site • — • f0-u0ifforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 — - - - Push Down- - - - — - -- --- - - - upper and side anchor helical plate. Augur the probe into the ground, and following the probe manufac- -turer's-instructions,-take the torque -wrench -reading -in the area where -the -anchors will ���#05 - -- - Figure 93. Roof flashing and shingle installation around Roof Shingles Shingles Overlap Caulking chimney be installed and at the depth of the anchor helix. If the soil varies in consistency across Conforms to Flange and Are Set In Flange the site, then use the lowest reading. Based on this reading, consult the anchor manu- HUD MHCSS Asphalt Cement Storm ccoar Flange facturer's charts to select the anchor type(s). 1115109 r-- -- FlashingWhat I I type of support system will this installation use? I I For pier and ground • • • to Install Footings,• i Flue Pipe z Trim With Sheet Metal Lower Part of Flange •load -bearing perimeter wall, • • to Construct•••• i Sheers If Difficult To Make Overlaps Lower Shingle Flashing Lay Flat On Roof COMBUSTION AIR INLETS Combustion air inlets provide combustion air through the floor or an exterior wall to a combustion appliance. If through an exterior wall, site installation is not required. If • through the floor, extend the duct from its point just below the floor to the outside (addi- Installing combustion air tional duct material required for this may or may not be provided with the home). Lo- inlets. Do not install the , cate the inlet damper above expected snow levels (contact the LAHJ for snow levels). combustion air inlet such Follow the fireplace manufacturer's instructions (typically in the fireplace/stove or with that material from the the chimney parts). hearth can drop beneath the home. HEARTHS If shipped loose, install the fireplace hearth according to the fireplace manufacturer's instructions. PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES Install kitchen and bath appliances according to the manufacturer's instructions and the described for / // procedures each appliance below. • COOKING APPLIANCES Installing g exhaust ducts. If the home is provided with a range, cook top and/or grill containing its own exhaust Route exhaust ducts so system that penetrates the floor, complete the exhaust system as follows: they do not terminate be- 1. Remove covers. Remove the cover on the factory -installed exhaust pipe pro- neath the home. truding from beneath the floor near the appliance. 2. Install termination fitting. Secure the provided termination fitting at the outside edge of the floor. _J 3. Install duct. Use the provided flexible metallic duct to connect the elbow pro- Cn Q truding from the floor and the termination fitting. Refer to the manufacturer's zinstallation instructions for guidance on supporting the duct and making the r Q connections. z m E n ZO SITE -INSTALLED GAS APPLIANCES O Install only appliances with a Btu capacity equivalent to or less than the capacity of the ;01 Q factory -installed piping and at the location of a factory -installed gas riser. 101 p J REFRIGERATOR NJ Prepare the refrigerator as follows: O ?• Remove straps, blocks, or other securement devices used for shipping and Z Z patch any resulting marks on floors or walls. PO • If the refrigerator has an icemaker, check water lines for leaks upon installa- n tion and a few days later to make sure no leaks have developed. t-- a0 SITE -INSTALLED APPLIANCES AND FIXTURES W If sinks, tubs, showers or other fixtures or appliances are to be site -installed, follow the p V manufacturer's installation instructions. Use only products listed for use in manufac- z W tured homes and follow all applicable local codes. n D r Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 92 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 17 Is to Install Footings — 1/15/09 This chapter provides instructions for the design and construction of individual footings that transfer the load from a single pier to the ground. A footing and pier together (discussed in Set the Home) is referred to as a "support." A footing may also be designed to carry the load of multiple piers (often called "strip" footings). The design of strip footings is not cov- ered in this manual. STEP 1. DESIGN POINT, LOAD SUPPORTS (p. 18) STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking) (p. 21) STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) (p.22) STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIALS (p. 23) STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS (p. 23) STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS (p.26), STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS All homes will need supports, and therefore footings, under the frame, marriage line (for multi -section homes), exterior wall openings and other heavy point loads. The home manufacturer may have provided a blocking diagram (or tags, labels, paint or other markings under the home) indicating the required locations and/or loads for perimeter, marriage line and/or frame supports specifically for this home. If so, the dia- gram or tags take precedence over the directions provided in this manual. Create a sketch of the home that includes the exterior walls, the frame I -beams and the marriage line(s), if a multi -section home. The sketch will be used in this chapter to lo- cate each support, and note the size of the corresponding footing. Figure 7 is an ex- ample of such a support plan. Perimeter BI cking Piers (if required) I -Beam Frame Post Piers Door Piers I-Beam Frame Members Frame Piers Marriage Wall Piers Frame Piers l Perimeter Blocking Piers Door Piers (if required) As the location and load for each support is determined, note it on the sketch. When selecting locations for supports, keep in mind that increasing the spacing between sup- ports will increase the load on that support and the size of the required footing. High roof loads. For roof loads of 40 psf or greater, a registered engineer or registered architect must determine the maximum marriage wall opening permitted without pier or other supports. Figure 7. Example of sup- port plan Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 18 I, F—Roof Top Assertly ® • EI • I UP Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 [Figure 91. Chimney and combustion air intake duct installation Selecting the appropriate flue. Wood fireplaces use larger diameter flues than gas fireplaces. Make sure flue matches the appliance type. Gas fireplaces cannot burn wood because the flue is too small and smoke will back up into the home. If wood fireplaces are con- verted to gas the flue will be too large resulting in ex- cessive heat loss through the chimney. 3. Install shingles. Install shingles up to the edge of the flue cut-out in the roof deck. Secure shingles installed under the roof flashing with asphalt cement. 4. Install flashing. Place flashing over pipe section and shingles and set in as- phalt cement. Secure flashing to roof deck at top two corners with roofing nails. 5. Complete shingles. Cut shingles in successive courses to fit around the pipe and embed them in asphalt cement where they overlap the flashing. Secure shingles with roofing nails through flashing and apply asphalt cement over nail heads. The completed installation should appear as shown in Figure 93, with the lower part of the flange overlapping the lower shingles and the side and upper shingles overlapping the flange. 1 /912009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 92. Chimney clear- ance 91 Prepare Appliances Equipirnient Install Footings and PFS#°5 DETERMINE LOCATIONS Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to Conforms to kivInstalling the foundation at a specific point. Locate a support under each point load, including the HUD MIRCSS ducts. following examples: 1115109 GAS DRYERS Keep ductwork straight and 0 Exterior doors on side walls at both sides of each door (blocking is not re - If the home was not fitted for a gas dryer, installing one requires substantial alteration smooth_ as without uired_at.exterior-doors on non-beacin end #�o hSgiping anr#eat�se - tdas spy -possible xces op�i - - - _-__ -- .walls . - - the the dryer manufacturer and installed by a trained professional. Do not cut major struc- slightly downward towards Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each open - elements to accommodate a gas dryer. the exterior to facilitate ing (including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without inter - moisture drainage. mediate supports, even if individual windows are less than four feet). • Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. • Locations where through -the -rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the marriage line and perimeter blocking is required (not required if the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). PREPARE SMOKE ALARMS Marriage line columns. The home has several factory installed smoke alarms that are wired to a 120-volt cir- 0Load-bearing porch posts. cuit. If the home was designed for placement on a basement, an additional alarm is 0 Under heavy (400 Ibs or greater) items, such as heavy furniture, waterbeds, provided for installation at a pre -wired location under the home. Connect the basement fireplaces and large fish tanks. smoke alarm and test all alarms as follows: Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch. q p pp Supports are not required 1. Check circuit. Ensure that electrical power to the home is activated and that where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor (such as with additional outriggers or the smoke alarm circuit is on. floor joists) and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. Figure 8 and 2. Remove batteries. Make sure backup batteries (if any) are removed from all Figure 9 identify typical point load support locations. smoke alarms. 3. Test alarms. Press the test button on each alarm sequentially. All alarms Door Piers I -Beam Frame Figure 8. Typical point -load should sound simultaneously when the test button on any one smoke alarm is support locations pressed. Replace (with the same brand as those installed elsewhere in the home) any alarms that do not sound and retest. 4. Replace batteries. After successful test, replace the backup batteries, dis- carding the protective tabs. PREPARE FIREPLACES AND WOOD STOVES Install chimneys, chimney flashing and roofing, fireplace combustion air inlets, and Marriage Wall Piers hearths according to the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described be- low. Fireplaces, wood stoves and their compopnents are to be installed per their manu- facturer instructions and in accordance with their listings. a CHIMNEYS D Fireplace and wood stoves may require on -site installation of additional sections of ap- z proved chimney pipe, a spark arrestor, and a rain cap assembly. Follow the manufac- o m M turer's instructions and the procedures described below: n zz 1. Remove coverings. Remove protective materials covering the roof flashing 0 and any foreign material from the installed part of the chimney. -gyp Q2. J Install chimney pipe. Assemble and seal the chimney per the fireplace or installation instructions if there is be- 0 wood stove manufacturer's and a conflict tween the instructions and the figure, follow the instructions. To assure sufri- Porch Post Piers to cient draft for proper operation, extend the chimney at least three feet above Door Piers z z the highest point where it penetrates the roof and at least two feet higher than z any surface within 10 feet of the chimney (Figure 88). Use additional sec- z H tion(s) of chimney pipe (not provided) if required by local code or if the site D Q has obstructions within 10 feet of the chimney. r 0 a 0 IW��#02 D z p ® 4i �7MHCSSorms z 0 to W D z 1/30/17 z D � r U) Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11/291201612:23:00 PM 90 1/9/2UU9 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 19 C to Door or opening less than 45" in width Combined span A+B Ride Beam Span D Span C San B Column post or wall less than 16" in width San A {=0 MainME ........ M=v == I -Beam �--- — y Footing Footings sized for spans C Footingsww Footing == = Footing _ Footng -- �_�—_ -= sized for 8 D respectively. (Note if """ �� "' ` sized for sized for "-"-" """ sized for �""' sized for Span D wall is less than 16" in Span C Span B Span A+B Span A width, use combined span C+D with a single pier) CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 5 to determine the loads on point -load supports. For each support, find the columns with the appropriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row(s) corre- sponding to the span (see Figure 9 for guidance on determining spans). The number in the columns under the "M" and "P" headings are the loads for supports along the marriage line and perimeter respectively (point loads in the center of a sec- tion, i.e. not along a marriage line or perimeter wall, require the load in the "P" column). Interpolation for openings between those shown in the table is permitted. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. TABLE 5. LOAD ON POINT -LOAD FOOTINGS M = Marriage line, P = Perimeter Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/15/09 Figure 9. Typical point -load support locations along the PREPARE FUEL -BURNING WATER HEATER marriage line The water heater discharge and drip pan drains should have been installed in Connect Utilities (p. 81). �` In homes l th water heaters (that utilize l or other Y`T.���'ir— - —and here the wlater heater is not independently ventrect-vent led ted to the exterio, rthrough a grmbustion illed ed 8TER�gL�''�� opening, provide combustion air from under the floor using pipe and cement acceptable Qt� FD ;• to the appliance manufacturer or through the roof via a double -walled flue pipe. If pro- .; vided through the floor, run the air piping to the exterior of the home, with supports spaced every 3-1/2 feet o.c. or less. Terminate the pipe facing downward a minimum of 4 12 inches above the ground surface and provide a screen on the pipe vent cap. •: STATE OF ... �1Z O.c,•'•.!!yD1A't : �w�•�' PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER ss�ONA � OO,,\``\` DRYER VENTS If the home includes a clothes dryer, the components for ventilating the dryer are in - Jeffrey T. Legault cluded with the home (but not necessarily installed) and a vent opening has been 2009.01.og 11:26:23 roughed in either in the wall or floor. (If a dryer is not installed, seal all dryer vent open- -05'00' ings). Run the dryer vent to the outside through the exterior wall or through the floor to a point beyond the perimeter of the home, using materials approved by the clothes dryer man- ufacturer (see Figure 86). 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Vent Below Floor wall Clampto Vent Cap Dryer Cap Install the vent as follows: Vent Through Fxdedor Wall Elbow Wilh Clampto Rigid Duct Vent( Clamp to Dryer Connection Dryer Cap Seal Bothm Board Elbow With Rigid Duct Support Strap Rigid or Flex Duct Wood Frame Secured to Bottom of Rim Plate or Install Through Skirting Connection uct 1. Remove temporary caps. Remove any temporary seals and duct caps from the vent rough openings. 2. Install ductwork. Install ductwork using clamps (do not use screws or other fasteners that penetrate into the duct) and support the duct with metal straps connected to the floor joists or chassis at two feet o.c. or less. Ensure duct connections are internally overlapped to prevent inhibiting the flow of air and thereby causing lint accumulation. 3. Install cap and damper. Install an approved dryer vent cap with damper on the exterior termination of the duct. If the vent terminates at skirting, secure the cap to framing or skirting with sheet metal screws and seal edges with caulk or sealant. If the vent terminates through a wall, apply a bead of sealant to the back of the cap around the opening and secure with sheet metal screws to metal, hardboard or fiber cement siding or with wood screws to a mount block for vinyl siding. 4. Seal opening. Seal openings inside and outside of the home including at the floor, interior walls, siding and skirting (with caulk), and at the bottom board using foam, mastic and/or tape specially made for that purpose. on (4-48 PG. 1) Venting exhaust systems. Exhaust vents must extend to the home's exterior through skirting. Termina- tion of the dryer exhaust underneath the home can cause condensation and moisture damage to the home. Lint and dust accu- mulation can ignite, causing a fire. The exhaust system must not contain reverse slope. Figure 86. Clothes dryer venti- lation ductwork through floor (left) or exterior wall (right) ##02 'onforms to HUD 141HCSS 1/30/17 / A Avoid damaging structural elements. Do not cut or otherwise damage structur- al elements such as floor joists or wall studs for the installation of the dryer ex- haust system. Gas. Ventilation components that may be included with the home for an electric dryer may not be accepta- ble for gas dryers. Consult the gas dryer manufacturer instructions. ce to m stalled furnace, install dampers between the furnace and the home's air duct vent warm air in heating mode from escaping to the remote cooling unit and vice versa. Figure 84. Remote unit Furnace Remote Home 4. Connect wiring. Install a thermostat containing a fan switch. Connect utilities in accordance with all manufacturer's instructions and local codes. 5. Seal penetrations. Repair or replace all floor insulation disturbed during the duct installation and seal holes in the bottom board using foam, mastic, or tape specially made for that purpose. AirConditioningor Figure 85. Ducts connecting Heating Equipment exterior heating and/or cool - Supply I Marriage Supply Return ing equipment to the home Duct Line Duct Duct JL i &F1��oo #02 Support Straps at upport Block 9Ducts 48' in. O.C. Minimum Conforms to Minimum Clearance Between HUD Da1CSS and Ground to be4in. 1/30/17 INSTALL EVAPORTOR COOLER (if applicable) If the home has been factory prepared for the installation of an evaporator cooler, then / // install a listed evaporator cooler in accordance with the appliance instructions and list- ing. Contact the Skyline division that built your home for more information. Choosing pipe lengths. PREPARE VENTILATION SYSTEM The appliance ctur- er may designatete the the llength Prepare the whole -house ventilation system according to the ventilation system manu- of the pipe run based on facturer's instructions. Confirm that any fresh air intake ducts extend to the exterior and the pipe diameter and the do not draw air from the crawlspace under the home. Do not allow any fresh air ventila- number of turns in the pipe tion intake ducts to become kinked or restricted, forming a trap (Figure 85). run. ne Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11/29/201611:52:58 AM 1/15/09 STEP-2DESIGNFRAME-SUPPORTS-(Homes-With-out-Pe- rimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS All homes require regularly spaced supports along all main frame 1-beams. Select frame supports under homes with 8" deep 1-beams may be no more than eight feet apart. Those under homes with 10" or 12" deep 1-beams may be no more than 10 feet apart. Generally, greater distances between supports will require larger footings. Figure 10 shows typical frame support locations. %r1iyV1A There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 10. Typical support tubers locations for homes not re- quiring regularly spaced pe- rimeter supports rs Wall Piers 5 Door Piers ,%%jI11II11till , ' T. Lee.9 CALCULATE LOADS = Jr Q' ;0 r Use Table 6 to determine the loads on frame supports. Find the column with the ap- PE19600312 propriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row corresponding to the selected support spacing. The number in the intersecting cell is the load. 9 STATE OF : - �¢ Loads on all frame supports can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. �'�� O� ' ��!I/DIAI •' '� However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different ,c`ss'/ONAI ENG\�`��` spacing should be calculated separately.Jeffre Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 05'00' T. Legault q PP /jam/ 2,09.01.0911:26:11 - . / 4. v 05'00' TABLE 6. LOAD ON FRAME SUPPORTS FOR HOMES NOT REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING 9:22 AM 2460 3540 2720 3930 3000 4340 2740 3960 3030 4400 3350 4870 3020 4380 3350 4870 3700 5390 4620 5130 5690 5180 5760 6390 5740 6390 7090 5700 6340 7030 6400 7120 7910 7100 7910 8780 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 21 is to STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETER SUPPORTS (Homes With Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS Depending on design and location, some homes require regularly spaced perimeter supports along all of the sidewalls and marriage walls in addition to frame supports. This will be indicated on the data plate and/or documents included with the home. If required, perimeter supports are only needed on bearing walls. Bearing walls are those walls that support the ends of roof trusses or rafters (typically sidewalls and mar- riage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalls of tag units). To minimize the number of required perimeter supports, space them evenly between point load supports as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 (but not under spans). These figures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. mbers Wall Piers Door Piers supports support u w, s¢au for Span C Span B Span A+B Span A CALCULATE LOADS Use Table 7 to determine the loads on frame and perimeter supports for homes requir- ing perimeter blocking. Find the column with the appropriate roof load (Table 3) and section width. Find the group of rows corresponding to the selected support spacing. The values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame, perimeter, and marriage line supports respectively. 22 1115109 Spacing frame supports. There must be a support located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 12 inches of beam past the edge of the support. Figure 11. Typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports Figure 12. Typical marriage line support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports contact the A -coil, or allow the duct to become kinked, restricted, or config- ured to form a trap. >` PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM If the home does not contain a factory installed heating appliance, install a remote heating appliance according to INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, p. 91. Prepare fuel -burning heating systems included with the home as follows: 1. Inspect for damage. Inspect the furnace and report any damage to the home manufacturer. 2. High altitude. If the home is located more than 2,000 feet above sea level or as indicated in the furnace manufacturer's instructions, derate gas furnaces 4% for each 1,000 feet above sea level. This work must be done by a qualified (and in some jurisdictions, licensed) technician. 3. Convert for LPG gas. If LPG gas (propane) will be used, convert the appli- ance from natural gas to LPG gas use. Conversion must be made by a quali- fied and (if required by the LAHJ) licensed technician. 4. Install intake air pipe. Consult the appliance manufacturer's instructions for maximum allowable pipe run length, requirements for air dampers, locations relative to expected snow levels (check with the LAHJ for expected snow lev- els), acceptable materials, pipe supports, and pipe termination requirements. 5. Install flue. For combustion appliances, install the flue roof cap and stack as- sembly as described in PREPARE FIREPLACES, Chimneys (p. 94). INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT Install remote units in compliance with all heating and cooling equipment requirements in this chapter above and the following: 1. Locate connections to the home. Find the manufacturer -installed connect- ors, labels, or tags under the home indicating the required connection points for supply and return air. If connectors are not provided nor location indicated, select a supply duct location such that there are approximately equal numbers of supply registers forward and rear of the connection point. Locate the return duct in the center of the home. 2. Install ducts. Install the appropriate supply and return ducts (not provided) between the remote unit and the home (Figure 85), making connections ac- cording to the instructions for crossover ducts in Crossover Connections (p. 56). 3. Install dampers. If installing a remote cooling unit in a home with a factory in- 11 /29/201611:52:58 AM PG. search Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guide- lines available at www.mhrahome.ora. Figure 83. Whole house ventilation flex duct in an electric down -flow furnace. From left to right. as pre- pared in the factory; proper installation with A -coil, im- proper installation with A -coil Selecting A -coils. Use only A -coil units compatible and listed for use with the fur- nace in the home and in- stalled in accordance with the furnace manufacturer's instructions. Installing flue stacks with a hinged roof. If flue stack components are installed above the finish roof line (as is often the case with hinged roofs), an Altema- tive Construction letter is normally required along with a follow-up inspection. Contact the factory for guidance. Venting appliances to the outside. Vent to the exteri- or of the home all combus- tion appliances except ranges and ovens. Selecting ducts. Exterior ductwork for remote units must be provided by the in- staller or HVAC contractor. Ducts must be approved for exterior installation and should be wrapped with in- sulation of at least R-8 un- der a vapor barrier with a perm raing of not greater than one. IN.0#0 0 Conforms to HUD MHC55 1/30/1i 87 --P-r-e-pa-r-e- -Appl a-n-ees an-d-Eq-u-i-pme-nt --- This chapter provides instructions for installing and/or preparing appliances and other equipment. While the items below can be completed in any order, the last item, CONDUCT ELECTRICAL TEST, must be done last. INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR NEAT PUMP (p.86) PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM (p. 91) INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT (p.87) INSTALL EVAPORATOR COOLER (p. 88) ,V PREPARE VENTILATION STSTEM (p. 88) PREPARE FUEL BURNING WATER HEATER (p. 89) PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER (p. 89) SMOKE ALARMS (p. 90) . PREPARE FIREPLACES AND WOOD STOVES (p. 90) PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES (p. 92) INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING (p. 93) INSTALL CEILING FANS AND LIGHTING (p. 93) TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (p. 95) INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (if applicable) CENTRAL UNITS Install split system or unitary central air conditioners and/or heat pumps as follows: 1. Check suitability. Check the home's Comfort Cooling Certificate (may be in- cluded with the data plate) to confirm that the home is suitable for installation of central air. If so, note the air distribution system's rated duct capacity (BTU/hr), any equipment sizing guidance provided by the manufacturer and information provided to calculate the home's heat gain. 2. Select equipment. Select equipment with a rated heating capacity (BTU/hr) not exceeding the maximum indicated on the home's data plate and a rated cooling capacity sized in accordance with Chapter 28 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual J, Residential Cooling Load, 8th edition. Information needed to calculate the home's heat gain can be found on the home's comfort cooling certificate. Choose equipment with a min. circuit amperage (found on the equip. rating plate) no greater than the branch circuit rating of the exterior air conditioning receptacle (indicated on the adjacent tag), if present. 3. Install A -coil. When installing a cooling A -coil in a down -flow furnace that in- corporates a fresh air intake duct, position the duct in the furnace cavity ac- cording to the furnace manufacturer's instructions (Figure 83). For electric down -flow furnaces, trim the ventilation duct as needed to allow installation of the A -coil and secure the duct to the wall of the compartment or to the top of the A -coil. Do not restrict the flex duct opening; allow the duct insulation to #02 ,4 0;i3Y I 'm 7 a_s `onforms to HUD, MHcsS 1/30/17 i // Use listed appliances. All applicable appliances must be listed or certified by a nationally recognized test- ing agency for the applica- tion for which the unit is in- tended and installed in ac- cordance with the terms of its listing or certification. Properly sizing equipment. Oversized cooling equip- ment can lower energy effi- ciency, reduce comfort, shorten equipment life, and may cause moisture prob- lems in the home (including potentially damaging the home's structure). Sizing guidance is provided by the Manufactured Housing Re - Ai Loads on supports of a given type (frame, perimeter, or marriage) can be assumed to ♦"��`' -- -be-equal-if-support-spacing is -equal. -However, -if -different support -spacings -are -used - — - then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. Conforms HUD MIN Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. 12/16/09 TABLE-7.-LOAD_ON-FRAME-AND.P_ERIMETER-SUP_P-ORTS_FOR_HOMES_REQUIRLNG—PEBIMET-ER-BLOWING-- -.. ... . _- 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1210 1360 1440 1530 16601850 1810 1910 2200 2090 2290 2550 2460 2720 3110 2940 3270 3730 3410 3810 4350 1660 1890 2010 1660 1890 2010 1660 1890 2010 2150 2340 2630 2560 2810 3150 3000 3280 3680 3540 3930 4510 4250 4750 5440 4960 5570 6370 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2110 2410 2580 2760 3020 3400 3310 3640 4100 3870 4270 4800 4620 5130 5910 5570 6230 7150 6520 7320 8390 2560 2940 3150 2560 2940 3150 2560 - - - 2940 3150 t 3370 3690 4180 4070 4480 5050 4760 5260 5930 • 5700 6340 7310 6890 7710 8860 8070 9070 10410 STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIAL Select one of the products and materials from Table 8 for the footings. TABLE 8. FOOTING MATERIALS Material Appropriate Use Specification Minimum 6" thick poured -in -place concrete pads, slabs, or ribbons with at least a 28 Poured concrete All soil types day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Cast -in -place concrete footings may also require reinforcing steel based on acceptable engineering practice, the design loads, and site specific soil conditions. Minimum 4" thick nominal precast concrete pads meeting or exceeding ASTM C Pre -cast concrete All soil types 90-02a, Standard Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units, without reinforcement; with at least a 28-day compressive strength of 2,500 psi. Use in accordance with the pad manufacturer's instructions. Must be certified for ABS plastic Stable soils use in the soil classification at the site, listed and labeled for the required load ca- pacity. Proprietary systems Consult system manufac- Consult system manufacturer. turer Two layers of nominal 2-inch thick wood x 24" maximum length, pressure -treated Pressure -Treated Lum- Stable soils with a water borne preservative, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use ber Category 4B ground contact applications. Cut ends of pressure treated lumber must be field treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4-02. Single layer of nominal % inch thick maximum 16 inch x 16 inch, or two layers of % Pressure -Treated Ply- inch thick for sizes greater than 16 inch x 16 inch. Rated exposure 1 or exterior wood Stable soils sheathing in accordance with PS-1-07 Construction and Industrial Plywood. Pres- sure -treated in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category 4B ground -contact applications. \\\1111�Iffffl/l/ T ��•� �FP `� �• Q�G1STEjgFO••Z PE19600312 a �\ STATE OF A 'FSSIONAI to Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 11 /29/201611:52:58 AM 12/15/20092:45:41 PM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 2009.12.15 86 14A6A1-05'00' 23 STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS Once the load on the footing and the soil -bearing capacity are known, calculate the size of each footing as follows: 1. From Table 9 determine if the pier is to be of single -stack blocks (8 inch x16 inch) or double -stack blocks (16 inch x 16 inch) pier. 2. Locate the group of rows in Table 10 with the soil -bearing capacity deter- mined in Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL -BEARING CAPAC- ITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15). Use the next lowest value if the exact value does not appear. 3. Read across the table to determine the minimum required footing area and the minimum footing thickness for the corresponding footing type (single or double -stacked blocks). 4. The required footing size may be changed by selecting another support spac- ing (Table 6 or Table 7). TABLE 9. PIER CONFIGURATION Less than 36 in (except corner Configuration Single -stack blocks with long side r Maximum �load g,000'ibs: piers more than 3 blocks high) perpendicular to 1-beam Between 36 in and 67 in and cor- ner piers over 3 blocks high Double, interlocked blocks 16,000 lbs. Over 67 in Double, interlocked blocks 16,000 lbs. 54 in or less Single -stack blocks with long side g 000 lbs. parallel to perimeter rail (rim joist) • 54 in or less Single -stack blocks with long side 8,000 lbs. perpendicular to the marriage line 4 PFS#°5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 12/16/09 i // Frost protection. When se- lecting footing materials, bear in mind the need for frost protection. Not all foot- ing materials are suitable for freezing climates. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 12/8/20092:37:07 PM 24 • If the tank is located inside a compartment of the home, provide ventilation at the bottom of the compartment to permit diffusion of vapors. If the tank is fixed to the home, provide for filling and draining from the outside. • Insulate interior tanks from the structural members of the home. Provide tanks so installed with an outside fill and vent pipe and an approved liquid level gauge. • Install tanks that feed vaporizing type oil furnaces so that oil flows by gravity. To achieve efficient gravity flow, make sure that the bottom of the tank is at least 18 inches above the furnace oil control level. • Tanks for gun type oil furnaces (these furnaces include a fuel pump) may be in- stalled above or below ground. OIL SYSTEM TESTING Before operating the system, fill the tank to capacity with the fuel to be burned and visu- ally check all joints in the system for leakage. Replace (do not repair) parts that leak. 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation 4' a C05 onforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 85 r4anin P+#05 bw — , - • 40 Conforms to WIN Conforms to HUD MHCSS HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 gauge calibrated in increments of not more than 1/10 lb. 1/15/09 TABLE 10. FOOTING DIMENSIONS - 3 Pressurize-system.-Using-an-air-compressor,-pressurize-the-system-with-com=- --- - -- - pressed air to three psi and isolate the pressure source from the system. 4. Monitor pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 10 minutes. 5. Check for leaks. If pressure drops below three psi, check for leaks by applying ` ' ' ' ' ' capacity (I a non -corrosive, ammonia -free gas leak detection fluid to the joints at all valves, —�pp tarlce=connec ions; an=crossove►=connec ions mTo prase-dis -washing- e= --- - - - - -- -- uu tergents, soap, or other household chemicals). If bubbles form, tighten the con- 512 16 x 32 4 1600 4 1600 nection and recheck. 324 18 x 18 4 1010 4 1010 6. Repair leaks. If leaks persist, replace defective pipes or fittings with sound ma- 400 20 x 20 4 1250 4 1250 terial and retest. 7. Release pressure. Release pressure and open all appliance shut-off valves. 576 24 x 24 4 1800 4 1800 8. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- 900 30 x 30 4 2810 4 2810 move leak detection fluid. 256 16 x 16 4 1680 4 1680 Entire system test (with appliances) 512 16 x 32 4 3370 4 3370 1. Close appliances. Close all gas equipment controls and pilot light valves ac- 324 18 x 18 4 2130 4 2130 cording to the individual gas equipment manufacturer's instructions. 400 20 x 20 4 2630 4 2630 2. Open valves. Assure that gas shut-off valves for all gas equipment are in the 576 24 x 24 4 3800 4 3800 open position. 900 30 x 30 4 5930 4 5930 3. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a pressure gauge calibrated in 256 16 x 16 4 2570 4 2570 ounces. 4. Pressurize system. Pressurize the system with compressed air to six to eight 512 16 x 32 4 5150 4 5150 ounces (3/8 to 1/2 psi, or 10 to 14 inches of water column). P 324 18 x 18 4 3260 4 3260 5. Check for leaks. Check for leaks as described above in step 4 of the Piping 400 20 x 20 4 4020 4 4020 only test. Replace defective pipes or fittings with sound material and re -test. 576 24 x 24 4 5800 4 5800 6. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to re- - 900 30 x 30 6 8000 6 8910 move leak detection fluid. 256 16 x 16 4 3460 4 3460 GAS APPLIANCE START-UP 512 16 x 32 6 6840 i' 6 6840 . Open the shut-off valve for each appliance and adjust the burners according to the appli- 324 18 x 18 4 4380 4 4380 ance manufacturer's instructions. Verify that the furnace and water heater thermostats "' are operating properly and set them to the desired temperatures. 400 20 x 20 4 5410 4 5410 576 24 x 24 6 7700 6 7700 STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE 900 30x30 6 8000 6 12030 Homes that are equipped with oil burning furnaces must have oil supply piping installed i // 256 16 x 16 4 4350 4 4350 and tested on site by a qualified professional in accordance with NFPA 31, Standard for 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 - 8620 the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 or the requirements of the LAHJ, which- Testing oil tanks. All oil 324 18 x 18 4 5510 4 5510 ever is more stringent. The home manufacturer does not supply oil piping or tanks. storage tank and piping in- 2500 OIL CONNECTION stallations and tests must 400 20 x 20 4 6800 4 6800 Consult the furnace manufacturer's instructions for proper pipe -sizing and installation meet all applicable local 576 24 x 24 .6 8000 6 9700 procedures. Where piping is run through the bottom of the home, ensure all holes in the regulations and should be 900 30 x 30 8 8000 8 15000 bottom board are sealed tight with foam, mastic, and/or tape specially made for that pur- made only by experienced, 256 16 x 16 4 5240 4 5240 pose and made rodent proof. qualified personnel. 512 16 x 32 6 8000 6 10400 When equipping the home with an oil storage tank, comply with the following: 324 18 x 18 4 6630 4 6630 • Install the pipe with a gradual slope toward the fill end or drain plug (if so 3000 400 20 x 20 4 8000 4 8190 equipped) to facilitate pumping or draining of water and sludge. 576 24 x 24 6 8000 6 11700 • Provide a readily accessible approved manual shut-off valve at the outlet, in- stalled to close against the supply. 900 30 x 30 8 8000 ` 8 16000 Note: The capacity values listed have been reduced by the dead load of the concrete footing. a++uw�rin, • Equip the tank with an approved oil filter or strainer located downstream from g g comply grequirements:F ` 0,( T� "11k, the tank shut-off valve. Use a filter or strainer containinga sum with a drain to Design footings to com I with the following additional trap water. `��`��•, �:'P�` Fo::�• Design each footing at least slightly larger than the base of the pier it sup- PE19600312 • Equip under ground tanks with a filler neck extending one foot above grade and ports. a minimum 1-1/4 inch diameter vent pipe extending at least two feet above " ' ' P P 9 To keep footings directly under I -beams and other support points, size them � a :s. STATE OF : � ; grade. slightly larger than the minimum required area to allow slight adjustment of%904'••'NOIANp:••��`����` Locate the tank to be accessible for service and inspection, and safe from fire the pier location during home installation. ''�.;,ss/oNAu�� • and other hazards. g'WAreyT.• Design footings with a footing extension (projection beyond the base of the Legault 2009.01.0911:26:36 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 84 25 Conforms to Hun MHCss throughout the home.000 12/16/09 8. Disconnect compressor. After the entire system has been drained of all water,rms V;F#050_ to Figure 13. Maximum foot- ing, extensions disconnect the air supply and close the water inlet valve. 9. Pour anti -freeze. Pour an antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including HCss 1/15109 16" Block sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- 4- 6° traps. NO T7241" Footing Extends NO Extends By More 16" 16" YESBy Its Thickness Than Its Thickness 16" Or Less / STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE CONNECTION f / YES '� i /Z If the home uses natural or liquid petroleum gas (LPG, also known as propane) for water or space heating, cooking or other appliances, follow the procedure described below: • Installing gas lines. Only 1. Inspect vents. Assure that all exhaust vents on gas -fired equipment are se- qualified professionals may a^ s° a° a• curely connected and that roof jacks and stacks have not come loose during connect and test gas ser- transit and they are properly installed. vice. Split Footing Extends Split Footing Extends YES Less Than One Third NO More Than One Third 2. Review appliance instructions. Review each appliance manufacturer's in - Its Width Its Width structions before the home is connected to the gas supply. Most gas appliances are typically configured to operate on natural gas. If the gas supply will be LPG, • The footing sizes shown are for square pads and are based on the surface area consult the appliance manufacturer's instructions to determine what changes (square inches) Design non -square footings such that the area and depth is ! <<�f��� need to be made. For homes located above 3,000 feet, appliances may require equal to or greater than the area and depth of the square footing shown in ����``EYtT ��w �Qt •,,,,,••. G,qG� a different orifice. Table 10, and the distance from the edge of the pier to the edge of the footing is `��� ,,, .. ISTE/., ,�, ,,.- .. 3. Remove cap. Remove the protective cap from home inlet pipe and install a full not more than the thickness of the footing. Q` flow shut-off valve at the supply inlet (Figure 86). • For four -inch thick unreinforced precast concrete footings, use the minimum _ ? PE19600312 1 _ 4. Install regulator. The gas piping system is designed for a pressure that is at footing size for the six-inch cast -in -place footing from Table 10. , . 4 least seven inches of water column (4 oz. per sq in or 0.25 psi) but not more 'f► . STATE OF ;' It ; %pO,t,'•-,//yblA`yp;.•' than 14 inches of water column (8 oz. per sq in or 0.5 psi). If gas from any sup - if TABLE 10A. FOOTING EQUIVALENTS �`.� ply source exceeds, or could exceed this pressure, install a regulator required Unreinforced Round Cast-in-�i,��,Fss/•........����`� by the LAHJ. ConcreteCast-in Place 16 x 16 Pre -Cast Place Pads rrrr°NA�tUN� �� 5. Connect supply. Using matching threaded fittings, connect the gas supply to ConcreteP''(Diameter (inches) Inches) Jeff Legault the inlet side of the shut-off valve. 16 x 16 Single 20 Single 2009.12.08 ` 6. Close valves. Close all valves at appliances prior to opening the main supply 14:48:21-05'00' valve. .20c 20 Double, , 24 Double Figure 86. Gas service con- 24 x 24 Quad 28 Triple nection 30 x 30 ., Quadr 36 Full Flow Shutoff Valve Required Floor (Supplied By QOthers) Z STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS Z Construct the footings as follows: Maintain the distance between adjacent piers to within 10% of the tabulated /A O spacing and so the average distance between any adjacent spans is equal to or Placing Concrete an -Dust Cover Bless than the tabulated spacing. chors. If anchors will be Whenever possible, place point load supports directly under the required loca- placed in concrete, follow Union (Supplied By Others) Q I— tions. If plumbing, electrical, mechanical equipment interferes, place supports instructions in Install Source of Gas no more than 6 inches in either direction of the support point. Stabilizing System (p. Z Recess perimeter blocking supports and perimeter point load supports no more 65) to determine anchor layout. Either place an- TESTING O than 10 inches from the edge of the floor with added support as shown in Figure 14. chors immediate) after Y Test the as piping system in the following two ways: 1 piping only and 2 entire system. 9 P�P 9 Y 9 Y ) P�P 9 Y ) Y / // P the concrete has been Consult with the LAHJ for any additional testing or start-up requirements. A O poured or drill them in af- ter the concrete has set. Before testing is begun, the temperature of the ambient air and the piping should be ap- Fill gas water heaters. Be - proximately the same. Conduct the tests when and where air temperatures will remain fore lighting the pilot on a O constant. gas powered water heater, t) Piping only test (all appliances isolated) fill the tank with water. Fail - Z 1. Isolate appliances. Isolate all appliances from the system by closing all appli- ure to do so could damage the water heater. J } ance shut-off valves. 2. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a mercury manometer or slope U) Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 12/8/20092:38:03 PM 26 1/9/2UU9 9:22 AM 5Kyiine uorporauon t4-4u ru. I) 83 M #05 .7 W�#0 tonnect Utilities onforms to Conforms HUD MIRCSs aun MH( 7. Insulate. In areas subject to freezing temperatures, protect with insulation or 1/15/09 12/16/09 - --heat-tape-pipes; valves -and -pressure -reducers that are -exposed -to the -out— - - — - -- __ 4x4 or2-2x4'S.onEdge.(ea11ed__ -_ _ —_ _ Together) Spanning Minh=2 doors; and pipes in water heater compartments with non -insulated doors. Con- i t /� ExteriorWall Floor Joists nect heat tape to the electrical outlet under the home near the water supply • inlet. Selecting heat tape. Use only pipe -heating cable TESTING tured homes, and install it After testing the electrical system and connecting the water lines check the water system in accordance with the ca- for leaks using one of the procedures described below. Before testing, close all water ble (tape) manufacturer in - faucets, spigots, and toilet -tank float valves. stallation instructions. Hydrostatic (preferred): Testing water lines. Only use pneumatic (air) testing 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot when hydrostatic testing is outlet and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. not practical. Air under This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in pressure is explosive. Ex - the test from possible injury. ercise extreme caution and 2. Fill water heater. Confirm that the water heater tank is full of water. notify all site personnel of 3. Pressurize system. Connect a hydrostatic pump, valve, and gauge to the loca- the test. Wear protective tion shown in Figure 84. Pressurize the system with water at 100 psi, and then eyewear and take precau- isolate it from the pressure source. Bleed all air from the highest and farthest tions to prevent impact points in the system. damage to the system while the test is in pro- 4. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 15 minutes. gress. Do not pneumati- 5. Fix leaks. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate and correct any leaks by cally test CPVC systems. cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or joints and installing new pipe or Pneumatically test Flow joints with couplings. Guard Gold systems only 6. Repeat. Repeat the test until all leaks have been eliminated. at low pressure levels (20 psi or less). Pneumatic: Pressurizing water lines. 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the hot water heater by disconnecting the hot When pressurizing the wa- outlet and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. ter system, connect the This will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in pump to a location above a the test from possible injury. closed shut-off valve so as 2. Pressurize system. Connect an air pump and pressure gauge to the water not to introduce pressure inlet, pressurize the system to 100 psi and isolate the pressure source from the into the municipal water system. supply. 3. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for least 15 minutes. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate any leaks by applying soapy water to the connections and looking for bubbles. 4. Fix leaks. Correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or joints and installing new pipe or joints with couplings. 5. Retest. Repeat the procedure until all leaks have been eliminated. 6. Restore connections. Reconnect the water heater and the water supply. FREEZE PROTECTION FOR UNOCCUPIED HOMES If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, protect water lines from freezing as fol- lows: 1. Disconnect supply. Turn off the water supply and disconnect the water supply inlet. 2. Drain water heater. Turn off the water heater; if necessary, attach a hose to the valve to direct water away from under the home, open the drain valve and drain the tank completely. 3. Drain faucets. Open all faucets throughout the home (including the laundry area if plumbed, and any exterior faucets) and let them drain completely. 4. Drain toilets. Flush toilets and drain water tanks completely. 5. Close faucets. Close all water faucets with the exception of one. 6. Connect compressor. Connect a maximum of 30 psi air supply to the water inlet connection using a low pressure compressor. 7. Open faucets. With the air supply on the system, open one faucet at a time ne Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Pier 10" Max Setback From Edge OF Floor Floor Joist to • If footings are rectangular, orient them so that the long side is perpendicular to the home's I-beam. • Place the bottom of footings on undisturbed soil or fill compacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. • In freezing climates protect footings from the effects of frost heave in accor- dance with any LAHJ requirements (see Prepare the Site, p. 13). Place the bottom of the footings below the frost line (insulated foundations and monolithic slabs are other frost protection options not covered in this manual). • Make sure the top surface of the footing is level, flat, and smooth. In accordance with the American Concrete Institute publication ACI-308, maintain curing measures before construction or installation onto the concrete footing begins, until a minimum of 70% of the specified 28-day compressive strength has been achieved. The ACI recommended time to attain this level of strength is seven days for ASTM C150 Type 1 mixtures and 10 days for Type II mixtures. Full design live and dead loads may not be applied until the 28-day duration has elapsed for achieving full strength. Y.P. Singie'Pad Footinu; Load :distributing pad for support. 16"'x 16": Plywood Pad.Footings or 16" x 16"'x-4" Concrete Pad Footings. Load.distdbUGng 24 • �c�" 11-1/4" Sirigle.Pad Fbotin-6 12/15/20093:19:34 PM 2"ii 42"� x 2+i't•L'ifm6er Pad'Fbotirin's: bouble'Pad F660na, Ooutile`Fad Fooiing: Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 14. P_e_rim_eter sup- ports Excavation. If excavation is required, mark the footing locations on the ground with stakes before beginning to dig. Figure 14A. Footing pads. LFOi ST PE19600312 'fl ' STATE OF Jeff Legault 2009.12.15 g 15:20:06 - 05'00' 82 27 �® Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD -BEARING PERIMETER WALL) This chapter provides guidelines and recommendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foundation using a load -bearing perimeter wall. A load -bearing perimeter wall foundation system uses a wall along the outer -edge of the home tc support the home's outside walls. This perimeter support works with interior supports such as _ piers, columns, and cross beams that supporfthe home's frame -and, if multi -section, mar-riage line. - - - STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN (p..28) STEP 2. EXCAVATE (p. 28) STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTING OR SLAB (p. 28) STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL (p." 28) STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS (p. 29) STEP 6. WATERPROOF FOUNDATION WALL (p. 29) STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE (p. 29) STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN If a load -bearing perimeter wall foundation design has not been provided by the home manufacturer, it is the responsibility of the retailer and/or home owner to provide a de- sign approved by an engineer or architect, licensed in the state where the home will be installed. The approved design must comply with the LAHJ regulations for foundation design, waterproofing, and drainage, and the following: • The foundation perimeter bearing wall must be supported with a concrete slab or continuous strip footing around the perimeter of the home. Interior piers must be supported by a slab or footings. If footings are used under interior piers, they may be designed as in Prepare Footings, p. 18. • Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. • Footings and slabs must be protected from the effects of frost heave by ex- tending the footings to or below the frost line or by using a frost protected shallow foundation design. STEP 2. EXCAVATE Excavate for the foundation, properly disposing of the earth that is not needed for backfill or site -grading purposes. STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTINGS OR SLAB Construct the foundation according to the approved design, including the perimeter foundation wall, drainage system, footing(s), and/or slab. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL Unless the approved design requires otherwise, construct the perimeter wall with mor- tared and reinforced concrete blocks or reinforced poured -in -place concrete. Install re- inforcement according to the approved design or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access openings according to the approved design, or if not specified, according to the re- quirements in Complete Under the Home, STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 97). When constructing pockets for an H-beam system, measure the beam depth and lo- cate the pockets carefully. It is critical that when the home's frame rests on top of the H-beam, the perimeter of the floor rests squarely on the foundation wall sill plate ne O Using engineered designs. This section is NOT in- tended to provide a com- plete design for a buildable foundation. A complete design must be obtained that is suitable for the local area and sealed by a pro- fessional engineer or regis- tered architect, licensed in the state. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to be installed on a basement or a crawlspace have been ordered with a recessed frame or as foundation - ready, where the frame is designed to avoid interfer- ence with the foundation wall. Checking the water table. For basements, check for a high water table. The water table may vary seasonally or based on weather condi- tions. A geologist can per- form an algae test to de- termine the water table level. The foundation de- 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM U _ HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Figure 84. Water system connection Factory -Installed Turning on Water Service. WaterPipe Do NOT turn on the water Optional Hose Bib service to the home until the (Not Supplied) oil drain lines have been com- ConnectToT--r________-; pleted and connected to the Here For Water sewer system. System Test ; ; Service J� y Con"act on (Not Supplied) Locate Water Riser Underneath or y I Mandatory Shut -Off Adjacent to Home Valve (Not Supplied) I. 5. Install water heater discharge drain. Inspect the drain opening on the water heater to ensure that it is clear of any obstruction. If the home is to be installed on a basement or enclosed crawlspace, install drain pipe connecting the dis- charge from the water heater temperature and pressure relief valve to the out- @Using check side or to a sump. valves. Install a check 6. Install water heater drip pan drain. Assure that the drain for the water heater valve on the water inlet to drip pan does not terminate under the home. Using the materials provided and prevent water system the accompanying instructions run a drain line from the water heater drip pan drainage in the event of a through the floor to the exterior of the crawl space. Terminate the line between loss of water pressure from six and 24 inches above grade. (Figure 85). Make the termination point rodent the source. Such pressure proof. loss could cause the water heater to drain, exposing the heating elements of electric water heaters causing them to fail. Water Heater (factory installed) Figure 85. Water heater drip pan and drain Exterior Wall Note 1. Water heater drip pan drain pipe has been fac- (factory installed) Water heater led) n tory installed through the bottom board. A 90 degree elbow has been factory in- stalled to accept the pipe ex - Floor decking tension. Floorjoist Note 2. Insert the CPVC or PVC drain pipe extension (factory provided — field in- stalled) into the factory in- stalled 90 degree elbow. Be sure to provide'/4" per foot CPVC or PVC water heater Bottom board drip pan over -flow drainage of slope to provide positive drainage. pipe (factory installed). See note 1. Install screen over end of CPV7See pipe extension (not (fiel provided). Support pipe extension every 4-0" 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 81 _ - - conductors listed for wet locations. • The grounding bar may be installed separate from the neutral bar for purposes of testing the electrical system. • The grounding bar may be isolated during the electrical check and re -attached, after the tests are completed. - - - �heck7-with-the-local-electrieal=utility=to-verify=meter=-base-requirements=and=locar- tions and distances for the main panel and meter box. D MH S 1/15/09 - - - - 1/15/09 (Figure 15). Leave room for a two-inch nominal, pressure treated wood spacer on top of -the -wall -pockets -(to prevent -corrosion, -the -steel -beams -must -not -be -in -direct contact with concrete). Leave at least one inch for thermal expansion at the ends of the beams and maintain a minimum of two inches of bearing area for the beams in the pockets (yielding a minimum pocket depth of three inches). Bolt a pressure treated wood sill plate (minimum 2 x 6) to the top of the foundation - --wale lf=tlae:�hrom siding=cannotbe=nailed=-through; use=a=2-x=1-0�ilh-ptate4mt-extendS- into the foundation 1-1/4 inches (Figure 16). The home can then be connected to the sign must account for a - --high-water-table.-- - -- -- -- Level the wall. Make sure the foundation is level and straight with no more than a 1/4 inch vertical variation tee- Qun ation --. - - - and no more than 1/8 inch - - - - • The field installed meter base enclosure must be installed in accordance with foundation by fastening the sill plate into the floor joists from below. Connect the home vertical variation over any two -foot length. its listing. Fasten securely to exterior wall studs and provide for aweather-tight to the foundation according to the approved design. Recess nuts into the sill plate and seal. cut off the ends of bolts so they do not project above the sill plate and interfere with the Check for Plates. When us - placement of the home. ing an H-beam system, • Check the local code for any requirements regarding the location of the meter check and compensate for base. reinforcement plates that add thickness to the Chas- sis beam at axle locations. Figure 15. H-beam installa- tion fExteriorWal Floor FloorJoist Figure 16. Connection using Treated 2 x 10 sill plate Meter Encbsura Figure 83. Meter base Chassis Sill Plate Main I -Beam 2X10 Sill Plate TransJPlafte MeterC/earanCeS. 74� H-beaAFastener Limits of exea- vation. When a crane will Treae x B x 164nch be used, excavate no more Concrete Block Foundation - `.- Wall than two feet outside the 1/4"Air Space Between Meter - foundation perimeter. Un- Enclosure And excavated ground will pro - Exterior Wall STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS vide a more stable base for the crane. Install piers, columns and H-beams to support the interior of the home according to the STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE approved design. Footing heights. Pour foot - CONNECTION i // duc to a height that will re- duce the need to cut blocks To connect the home's water system to the water source, identify the water inlet located • A STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL or shim when building peri- under the home (usually below the water heater compartment or utility room) and follow Selecting heat tape. Use Damp proof the foundation wall no less than up to the height of the planned backfill. meter walls and piers. the procedure described below (refer to Figure 84): only pipe -heating cable 1. Flush pipe. Flush field -installed water piping free of all debris prior to connec- (tape) listed for manufac- Z tion to the home's water inlet. 2. Clean threads. Ensure that threads tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- Is this a basement foundation? i // pipe are clean. • • • • 1 ble (tape) manufacturer in- 3. Install pressure -reducing valve. If the local water supply exceeds 80 psi in- stallation instructions. NO, • • to • Backfilling. Backfill against Z stall apressure-reducing valve. O Maximum water pressure. basement walls only after ~ 4. Connect valve. Install a main shut-off valve between the water supply and the The water system for the the home is connected to inlet on the home. Locate the riser for the shutoff valve underneath or adjacent home was designed for a STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE the foundation or the to the home. Select a full flow gate or ball shutoff valve, or equivalent valve. To maximum inlet pressure of Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not basement walls may deflect Q prevent the possibility of fresh water contamination install an anti -siphon valve 80 si p damage the drainage system. Grade the fill as per Prepare the Site 13 g g y p p (p ) inward or collapse. p on all field installed exterior faucets. Z Does the approved foundation design . ground a Z O .• to Install Stabilizing• r NO, •• to Set the Home,• 1 0 IL W O tU W Z }J N Skyline Corporation (4-48 P(3. 1) 119/LUU9 9:1L AM 80 1/UIZUUU V22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 P(3. 1) Cn r Z rn 0 O -o O D O Z Z Cn -i D r r D 0 Z a Z C r 29 30 ieConforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Set the Home This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home (for single section homes this is the only sec- tion) onto the foundation. Follow the Stepsbelow: - -- STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET,.(p. 30) - - - STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION (p. 30) - - STEP 3. LIFT HOME (p. 30) . STEP.4. CONSTRUCT PIERS (p. 32) — �7.t, HUD MRCS: 1/15/09 Service Entry —Main Panel (May Be Above Or Below Ground) Enclosure 2" ConduitTo Neutral Service Head Equipment Bus Bar Ground Bus Bar _ — ---Meter By Utility -Metettiase Company Ground From Meter Enclosure Disconnect Bonding Strap 2" Conduit Not Installed Disconnect Grounding Lug 2" Conduit (Fused) To Chassis To Main To Grounding Rod Panel Metallic Conduit Or FtfirgsTo LT Be Effectively Grounded To Equipment Ground Black - "HOT" ToAOrB Red - "HOT" To A Or B White To Neutral Bus Bar STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Ground To Equipment Ground Before beginning the home set, complete the following: / 0 / A • Confirm that the site is properly cleared and graded (see Prepare the Site, p. --M� Panel Sa,ice Entry 13. Clearances under the Endosue (Abooa Or Below Gmund) • Ensure that the footings are in place and properly located. home. After the home is f-2'Gandult To B Neutral Se dm Head • Install any utilities that will be difficult to install (e.g. those below grade be- leveled, the resulting dis- Equ pment a°sea` Ground Bus Bar neath the home) after the home is in place. tance between the bottom Meter By UN6y Company of the entire chassis main • Secure or remove from the home and properly store all ship loose items (refer frame beam and the Meter Endosum to shipping documents for items shipped with the home). ground must be no less BesnlngB p 2•Cundurt • Inspect the home interior, exterior and all provided materials, appliances, and than 12 inches. , Manufacturar equipment. Immediately report any damage or shortages to the manufacturer. Utilize proper cribbing. To � Via`°g ~tL2'Cnduit • The ground moisture retarder may be installed now or after the home is com- Manufactured homes To GroundingR d To Main ♦Panel plete. See Complete Exterior Work, STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOIS- weigh several tons. No Me aPC ConduOO FittingsTo Be 1} TURE RETARDER (p. 96) for requirement and then return here. one should be under the Eftectivey Grounded To Equipment `Bad _'HOT To AOr6 Gm°^° Red To home (whether it is mov- -•HOT AOrB White To Neutral Bus Bar For perimeter bearing wall foundations: ing or stationary) unless • Check that the length and width of the home match with the foundation walls. proper cribbing is in place In all cases, a grounding electrode conductor and a ground wire must be installed ac- (Figure 17). Failure to util- cording to the following specifications: • Check that the two main diagonal measurements of the foundation are equal. ize proper cribbing may • Check that the foundation walls and other support points are within 1/4 inch of result in serious injury or 1. Grounding wire to be per Table 25 provided by the manufacturer. If manufac- level overall and within 1/8 inch of level within any four foot distance. death. turer provides a minimum 1/2 inch EMT or conduit raceway, the #6 minimum bare copper wire is provided by the retailer for installation. • For multi -section homes, check that each pair of diagonal measurements for each portion of the foundation corresponding to a home section are equal. 2. The clamp connecting the grounding wire to the electrode shall be suitable for • For multi -section homes, find the electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear direct burial and located flush or below ground level. outriggers. Reverse them to the inside of the outrigger using star washers so 3. Use a listed 5/8 inch diameter by eight foot long iron electrode or nonferrous rod they will be accessible after the home is placed on the foundation walls. @Leveling of at least 1/2 inch diameter by eight feet long for grounding (larger sizes may • If using an H-beam system, remove the frame's shackle hanger if it will inter- during be required by the LAHJ due to soil impedence). fere with proper placement of the beam. jacking. Keep the home's 4. Drive the electrode to a depth of not less than eight feet so that at least eight floor as level as possible feet of the electrode is in contact with the soil. STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION during jacking. Twisting or Position the home section in its final location (if possible, move the heaviest section of warping the floor can dam- 5. When rock is encountered, the electrode may be driven at an angle not to ex - the home into place first). Then place materials needed to construct support piers near age the structure and finish- ceed 45 degrees from vertical or buried in a trench that is at least 2-1/2 feet their final locations under the home as determined in Prepare Footings, (p. 18). ing. Use as many jacks as deep.necessary to keep the floor flat and level. STEP 3. LIFT HOME FIELD INSTALLED METER BASE There are three primary methods available to place the home on the foundation: jack- When a meter base is installed in the field, Figure 83 and the following requirements ing, rolling and craning. Jacks, often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and must be adhered to: anchor foundations; roller systems are commonly used for crawlspace foundations with Install the meter base according to the manufacturer's instructions. load -bearing perimeter walls; and cranes are most commonly used for basement foun- dations. Use straps to support any conduit. Do not use the meter base equipment for support. • Use exterior equipment and enclosures listed as weatherproof and entrance Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 81. Electrical feeder connection when meter has a disconnect installed (typi- cally more than 6 feet from service electric panel). Figure 82. Meter base wir- ing when there is no sepa- rate disconnect installed (typically within 6 feet of ser- vice electric panel). 79 anformsto HUD MHUSS— FEEDER C-ONNEC_T_IONS _ __ _ ___ ___ Feeder connections are made from above or from below the home as follows: U15/09 _ - i // -- JACKS If -jacks -are -to -be -used- comply -with -all -jacking -safety -precautions -and -the -procedure below. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with ut- �V4IRSO $ - ® - - - ooro�ms to --- --- From above -mast weatherhead feeder most care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in HUD MHcsS Power supply. A large serious injury or death. Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the 1/15/09 The routing, connection, and support of the service drop must meet local codes. Homes enough power supply must home with jacks. equipped this way contain all necessary conduits to the electrical distribution panel. - - -- -However; tWfeede-t condueto�s=(not=provided=wiffi=th"ome)�re!nstatte - msite ifithe be available-aLthe=site= -- - inadequate power supply - -- - ---JACKING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS -- - - - - --- - masthead is located above the roof overhang, allow a minimum clearance of eight feet above all roof points that the conductors pass over. There are two exceptions to this rule: may result in improper op- No one should be under the home's I -beams while the jacks are being o er- � g p (1) The vertical clearance may be reduced to three feet if the roof has a minimum slope eration of and possible damage to motors and ap- ated or while the home is supported only on the jacks. of 4 in 12; and 2 The vertical clearance may be reduced to 18 inches if no more than () y pliances. It may also in- Use jacks onlyfor raisin the home. Do not rely on the jacks to -support the g y four feet of service -drop conductors pass above the roof overhang, and if they terminate crease electricity costs. home. at a through -the -roof raceway or approved support. A minimum clearance must also be If possible, raise the home only on one side so that the other side is in contact provided from the final grade to the service -drop conductors. This measurement may with the ground. Leave the hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing vary from 10 feet to 18 feet, depending on the types of traffic anticipated below the ser- equipment. vice drop (refer to the NEC). Unless impractical, locate service heads above the point of • Obey all OSHA regulations. attachment of the service -drop conductors and make them rain -tight. If individual conduc- tors do not extend downward, form drip loops. 0Make sure adequate safety cribbing (Figure 17) is in place whenever the home is placed on jacks.` From below - underside junction box feeder 0 Use a minimum of two commercial quality jacks, each with a rating of at least A section of conduit is factory installed through the floor cavity. Connect to that conduit 12-tons. with approved fittings and conduit (not provided with the home) to the point where the 0 Jack only on the main chassis 1-beam, centering jacks directly under the service entrance cable enters the crawl space. Install properly -sized service entrance beam. conductors from the main power supply to the panel board. Depending on the location of Do not jack on a seam (joint between flanges of twin 1-beams). the main panelboard inside the home, or the point at which the service entrance conduc- tors enter the crawl space, a separate service disconnect may be required. Refer to t; To distribute the concentrated loads from jacks to I-beam, place a minimum Table 25 for the conductor and junction box requirements. The installer must provide the 3/8-inch thick steel plate, a C-channel, a 1'/z-inch thick hardwood block or a supply connection including the feeder conductors, junction box, and conduit connectors. commercial jacking plate, between the main chassis I-beam and the jack head. Protect conductors emerging from the ground from a minimum of 18 inches below grade a Locate.the jack base on firm ground. Never jack on freshly disturbed soil or to eight feet above grade, or to the point of entrance to the home. The distance meas- where an underground sewer pipe may be located. ured from the top surface of a buried cable, conduit, or raceway to the finished grade a Use a firm support under the jack base to prevent tipping or settling of the jack. must meet the minimum burial requirements outlined in the NEC. Use a moisture -proof A minimum 16" x 16" or larger wood or rigid fiberglass pad is recommended. bushing at the end of the conduit from which the buried cable emerges. Never use concrete blocks as a support for a jack. GROUNDING i Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: The home must be properly grounded to protect the occupants. The only safe and ap- 1. Block wheels. Block the wheels so the house does not roll. proved method of grounding the home is through an electrically -isolated grounding bar in 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing (Figure 17). the manufactured home distribution panel board. This grounds all non -current -carrying Grounding the electrical Ch J metal parts to the electrical system in the home at a single point. system. Do not provide — — — — --� Figure 17. Stack 4"x 6" by 5' Q Z Each neutral conductor must be connected to the s stem roundin conductor on the the Y grounding electrical power until the grounding electrode is in - —, I long timbers as shown to form r_ supply side of the main disconnect in accordance with Articles 250.24, 250.26, and stalled and connected. safety timbers. Place safety Z m M 250.28 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70-2005. When the meter base is � I timbers under home behind n Z Where the meter base has a disconnect (typically when the meter is more than 6 feet not on the house never use 40L;a axle area and under hitch. O O from the service electric panel, although this may vary by LAHJ) the ground and neutral the neutral- conductor of IV P should be bonded at that disconnect and then grounded to the driven earth ground. Four the feeder cable as a wires will leave the service electric panel to the disconnect. Three wires will enter the ground wire. — — — 0 J disconnect from the meter base (refer to Figure 81). Where there is no disconnect on the meter base or between the meter base and service 3. Level lengthwise. Locate one jack at the hitch and level the section length- p Z electric panel (typically when the meter is within 6 feet from the service electric panel, al- wise (such that the front and rear of the section are at the same height). Z z though this may vary by LAHJ), the main circuit breaker in the service electric panel be- 4. Locate frame jacks. Place a minimum of one jack just forward of the first N O comes the first disconnect. In this case, the neutral and ground are bonded in the service spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on -q F- electric panel and connected to the driven earth ground from the service electric the side of the home that is lowest (making sure not to place jacks where the panel. Three wires lead between the meter base and the service electric panel (refer to piers will go). Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 O Figure 82). feet from each end of the I-beam. W5. Lift the home. Operating the jacks simultaneously (or sequentially in very V small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final Z W desired pier height. D J ROLLER SYSTEMS D YWhen using a roller system, comply with the equipment manufacturer's directions and r y the following sequence: Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM 78 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 31 1. Establish staging area. Establish a staging area directly adjacent to one or both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- turer's directions. 3. Fasten bump blocks. Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. — — 4. Roll home. Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks. Remove the blocks before installing the next section of a multi -section home. CRANES When using a crane, follow these guidelines: • Position the home section(s) and crane (taking the boom reach into consid- eration) such that they do not have to be repositioned during the set. • Use enough properly sized straps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. • Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys- tem, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist to keep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. • Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over previously set sections. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up on jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturer's blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 18). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as measured from the top of the footing or pad to the top of the cap. See Table 12 for pier construction requirements. 7HUD #os ms to HCSS 1/15/09 V&4FZZA Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structural damage to the home. Install piers at all re- quired locations. Failure to do so may lead to sagging floors, walls, and roofs, and could void the home's war- ranty. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 32 Connect Utilities 0 Conforms to HUD NIIICSS 12/16/09 This chapter contains procedures and requirements for the connection and testing of utility hook-ups. Responsibility for making utility connections varies by location. Consult the LAHJ and the utility before connecting the home to any utilities. STEP °.4.'CONNECT..OIL SERVICE (b.�84) . ' , STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE The home is designed for connection to an electrical wiring system rated at 120/240 volt AC. All electrical field work must be done by a licensed electrician or other person ap- proved by the LAHJ. 50 AMP POWER SUPPLY CORD The power supply to a Skylne Corporation manufactured home may be by a listed 50 AMP power supply cord. The power cord shall be permanently attaced to the distribution panel board or to a junction box. The listed 50 AMP power supply cord shall bear the fol- lowing marking: FOR USE WITH MOBILE HOMES — 50 AMPERES. FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES The current rating (in amperes) of the home can be found on the tag located on the out- side next to the feeder or service entrance, and on the electrical distribution panel. Using this information, determine the required feeder wire size from Table 25. These sizes are based on an ambient temperature of 86 degrees Fahrenheit and do not take voltage drop into consideration. Acceptable conductor types are: RHH, RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW2, THWN, THWN-2, XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, and USE-2. TABLE 25. ELECTRICAL FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES FOR COPPER CONDUCTORS .IMMInTmLem, -. ..Black Bare (Power) (Neutral) Ground :. `50 6x6- 6 , ' � 1 746 AWG #6'A1NG ' 410'`AWG ; #8, 100 8x8x4 1-1/4 #3 AWG #3 AWG #8 AWG #8 125 1 Ox10x4 tl IA/2 : ,, #2 AWG #2'AWG . #6 AWG L _46 150 10x10x4 1-1/2 1/0 AWG #2 AWG #6 AWG #6 200 F 1412x4 2 3%0 AWG 1/QAIIVG #6 AWG #4 225 15x12x4 2-1/2 3/0 AWG 1/0 AWG #4 AWG #4 2/8/20092:42:53 PM Skyline Corporation V F I & // Special precautions when installing electrical ser- vice. Installation of the electric power to the home can cause exposure to live electrical circuits. Exposure to live electrical circuits or improper grounding of the conductor in the panel board may result in severe shock or possible electro- cution. A qualified installer must make the connec- tions for the electric power. 77 MARRIAGE -LINE -VERTICAL —ANCHORS ---- If vertical straps have been attached to the home by the manufacturer, connect the other end of the straps to the anchor heads. Factory installed marriage line uplift straps must be attached to anchoring equipment. The types of straps used are shown below. (Figure 80) Type 1 is a strap used at Wind Zone I only. Some Wind Zone I units do not shown below factory installed and will have double marriage line walls. Type 2 and 3 are used at Wind Zone II or III only. All Wind Zone II or III multi wide units require marriage line vertical tie -downs. Uplift connector capacity is Type 1 1242 Ibs. each to be rested by anchoring equipment 1/4" cable thimble inserted in connector hole. 7/32" or 114" galvanized steel cable. Tension per manufacturer instructions. Uplift connector capacity Type 3 is 3114 Ibseach to be resisted by anchoring equipment. Factory installed standard \ Type 2 / hurricane strap. Capacity is 3150 Ibs. Slot in strap is for I ---Standard hurricane is attachment ofstandard u to be connected hurricance strap. directly to an approved ground anchor. STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS After all anchors have been installed and pre -tensioned, recheck all anchor straps to as- sure that they are tight and that the anchor shafts have remained in contact with the sta- bilizer plates. Do not over -tension straps. -Conforms to HUD MHCSS ��- - TABLE=l1. P-IER-MATERIAL-MINIMUM-SPECIFICATIONS---12/16/09- - onforms to HUD MHCSs Component Specification 1/15/09 Concrete Block Nominal dimensions of at least 8" x 8" x 16'; minimum load 8,000 Ibs; confirming to ASTM designation C90, grade N. Solid_masoncy_oorntnaL4 8 _xT1& pre castconcr_ete_withoutm trreinforceent)rn ;-pressure treated_lu_ • (nominal 2" x 8" x-16"); or steel (minimum 1/2" thick; corrosion protected by a min. of`a 10.mil coating of an exterior paint or equivalent). Spacers Nominal 2" thick boards. Figure 80. Marriage line ver- Hardwood, minimum 4" width by minimum 6" length by maximum 1" thick (nominal); plastic must be listed tical tie -downs • • with maximum load capacity; used in pairs. Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- . - cal load capacity, and where required by design, for the appropriate horizontal load capacity. Metal or •cast concrete piers other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of .30 oz per sq. ft of surface coated. treated wood With a water borne preservative, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1-04 for Use Category 4B ground Pressure contact applications. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM TABLE 12. PIER CONSTRUCTION Construct perimeter and marriage line piers over 54 inches according to the requirements for frame piers of the same height. Prepare footing surface. Make sure the footing surface upon which the pier sits is flat and smooth. Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks, or other material off the surface of the footing. For cast -in -place concrete foot- ings, if the footing surface is uneven, create a level, flat surface by placing a treated board on the footing and mortaring on the first block (or manufactured pier base), or by placing the first block (or manufactured pier base) on a layer of premix dry sand mortar. Stack blocks. Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side -by -side, orient each layer at right angles to the previous one (Figure 18) and plan blocks so that split caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and to the I-beam. lTl'yp�loal;titiata' 12/8/20093: Vli�e 9vailatile�3ets°do nok.' ag6jhe1eifyl dq6 401_tWo; iiirtore.pieiSln�y�Ge ilsed;.'fiie• ufn,oHha p ier gapacities siiaU e"atteut;eguanit '& ]opd; pe`etfieii:.. . Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 17A. Multiple Piers. 76 33 Is to Main I-Bearn Wood Shins to Fill Gaps Up to 1' Max Main I -Beam - Wood Shins to Fi Optional (2)2x6or Gaps up to 1'Max (1) 2x12 Spacer Optbrel2x6 4x8x16 Concrete Cap Spacer 4x8x16 Concrete Typical 8x6x16 Cap or 2x8x16 P.T. Concrete Block or Hardwood Cap o € m Typical 8x8x16 Concrete Block Xi Typical Fooling Typical Fo6rg 3. Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon. When using split caps on double -stacked block piers, install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and to the main (- beam. 4. Install shims. Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the base of the I-beam and the top of the pier cap. Always use shims in pairs (Figure 19). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of vertical space. When the space to be shimmed is greater than one inch and less than the minimum thickness of available caps or concrete blocks, use hardwood dimensional lumber (two inches maximum thickness) or 2" or 4" thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lum- ber/blocks over each individual cap. I$r St spy 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. USING A WATER'LEVEL' A water level is a standard device for leveling the home. The level consists of the following components: • One container (five gallon bucket or one gallon jug). • 150 feet of 1/2 inch diameter plastic tubing. ne 1/15/09 Figure 18. Frame pier con- struction i // Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- low it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. Figure 19. Correct shim placement Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using stan- dard unit dimensions (with- out cutting). i // Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is Ce" — to HUD JYIIICSS 1/15/09 OInsert the tension bolt into the 4O Place the strap through the slotted O Using a 15/16" socket or open end anchor head and loosely attach shank of the tension bolt and bend wrench, rotate clockwise, wrapping the hex nut up to 90". the strap around the tension bolt. OOnce tensioned to the point that counter -clockwise resistance appears, use a 5/8" open end wrench to hold the square neck while repositioning the 15/16" tensioning wrench to continue tensioning. Repeat as required. DOnce fully tensioned, align the square neck of the boltwlththe square recess in theanchorhead and tighten the hex nut. This will draw the two togetherand lock the system into final position. If approved by the manufacturer, double head anchors may be used for both diagonal and vertical tie -down strap tensioning. Tension the diagonal tie -down strap first Follow Steps 3 through 7 to install straps to anchorhead. 3. Pretension anchor. For anchors with stabilizer plates, pretension the anchor by pulling it up to the stabilizer plate using the strap and take-up bolt to move the anchor head. Continue pulling the strap until the plate moves a small amount (about 1/2 inch). This is called packing the plate and it will yield the strongest resistance (the bottom of the anchor head should be maximum 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate). END WALL FRAME ANCHORS Attach straps to the bracket welded by the manufacturer to the frame (Figure 79). If no brackets have been installed, use approved beam clamps designed specifically for this purpose, available from anchor suppliers. Connect straps to anchors following same pro- cedure as for sidewall frame anchors. 9:22 AM I Pier I 30 - 45 degrees\ Anchor with —� Stabilizer Plate e Main Beam End Wall Tie - Down Strap PG. 1) Figure 78. Procedure for connecting the strap to frame and anchor V, // Anchor head location. As the anchor is pulled up to meet the stabilizer plate, the head of the anchor will rise. In its final position, the bottom of the anchor head should be no more than 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate. Figure 79. End wall frame anchor attachment method 75 34 n D r .. R-nforms-t#®5 Set the Home -ome HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 no more than 1/4 inch differ- Fittings for container to tubing. -SPLICING-STRAPS - - -�NN#05 - -- ®- - -- Valve for terminal' end -of tubing. - --ence-between-adjacent-pier-- - - Splicing may be required when a pre-cut strap is of insufficient length. Splices in tie -down 'Y' xun 5SS Liquid for stem: colored water in warm climates, windshield 9 Y supports (frame or r doors- ter) and the exterior doors stra s are not permitted in a configuration. Overlap straps b 12 inches, applying one P P 9 P P Y vis�o9 washing fluid in cold climates. and windows of the home do splice clip from above and the other from below; use a crimping tool to tightly seal the not bind and can be properly �a� splice clips (Figure 76). Do not run any portion of the splice through an anchor head bolt. ------te""=----- — — operated. - Figure 76. Tie -down strap Water level operation. To splice operate the water level Apply Splice P- properly, both ends of the Clips In Direction of Arrows system must be open to the atmosphere and there must .• be approximately the same ' `i "` amount of fluid in the tubing at all times (within a few Strap • inches). 'Y' Splice Approx.12" E Not € N O Permitted How to use a Water level 1 a. Position level. Position the level such that it can reach all. piers. , b. - Place container. Place the container so that the fluid in thecon- tainer is at the same level as the desired level of the top of the supports under the home, allowing for any bracing below the level of the I -beams. SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS c. Uncoil tubing. Uncoil the tubing and fill with fluid, taking care not Install straps to sidewall frame anchors as follows: to introduce bubbles into the hose. Never allow anything to crimp 1. Connect strap to home. Connect one end of the strap to the home connection or crush the tubing so as to impede the free flow of fluid. point using approved buckles or clips (swivel or hook clip preferred). d. Bleed air. Hold the valve below the level ofthe water container; Open the valve to. bleed out any air and close the valve. Figure 77. Strap to beam e. +:'Establish height. Locate the tubing adjacent to a pier that is `set connection to the desired final height. Position the valve above the pier -and`- . open the valve. Move the water container up or down to where . \ �d 4:iF r the water level is at the desired final height of the pier. Maintain the water container in that and close the valve. position Strap to beam connection. Level piers. Move the tubing to the next pier. Hold the valve Regardless of the strap above the pier and open it. Set the pier height to the level of the supplier's recommenda- water in the tubing and close the valve. Repeat this step until all 1OWrap strap around main 2O Connect hook totopof tions, the strap must be piers are at the same level. - beam main beam and connect connected to the top of the 6. Complete the opposite side. Jack the other side of the section up and install other end ofstrapto main beam to prevent piers following the instructions above. At the completion of this step, the sec- - anchor head. damage to the structure. tion should be level from front to rear and from side to side. r 2. Connect strap to anchor. Connect the other end of the strap to the split bolt in 7. Install perimeter and marriage line piers. Install perimeter piers and for � the anchor. Leave enough strap length to be able to make at least three, but no multi -section homes, marriage line piers. Position marriage line piers to pro - more than five complete turns around the bolt before it becomes tight (approxi- vide equal bearing for both mating sections. mately 2 1/2 inches per turn or 7 1/2 to 13 inches total). Fewer than three turns 8. Remove running gear. Remove and store, recycle or properly dispose of the and the strap may not hold onto the bolt when force is applied. Conversely, hitch, axles, and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner more than five turns may not fit within the U-channel of the anchor head. Follow y unless other contractual arrangements have been made. � the procedure outlined in Figure 78. Is this a •- • • = •• to • - 00, • •• to Complete• � c Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 74 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 35 Complete Multi -Section Set onforms to ID MHCSS 1/15/09 This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween units, raising and fastening hinged roofs, and fastening the home to a load -bearing perimeter wall foundation. STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line now; before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System (p. 65). After install- ing marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi -Section Set. STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation. Do not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, raise the roof us- ing a crane or roof jacks following the procedure below: 1. Position lift points. Position the roof lift points (jacks or crane lift points) fol- lowing the jack manufacturer or crane operator instructions. Space roof lift points equally along the length of the roof with no more than five feet from the end of the roof to the first or last lift points. Use three lift points for a roof up to 48 feet long (excluding overhangs), four lift points for up to 60 feet, and five lift points for up to 72 feet. 2. Remove fasteners. Remove any temporary fasteners connecting the hinged portion of the roof to the vertical king posts. 3. Lift roof. Raise the roof to its intended height. A temporary slight overexten- t ZZ Position roof jacks. Posi- tion jacks vertically to pre- vent the jack foot from kick- ing out or sliding. Caution during roof rais- ing. Do not enter the roof cavity during the raising procedure. Checklists for alternate construction. If the serial number (see the data plate or the chassis front cross member) has the letters "AC before or after it, then the Alternate Construction on -site check list supplied with the home must be completed and returned to the home manufacturer in a timely manner. If the AC Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 36 may have stabilizer plate requirements. Install anchors with stabilizer plates as follows: 1. Locate anchor. Select a location for the anchor under the home but within six inches of the exterior wall (Figure 74). Aviod locations that will interfere with skirting. 15 Stabilizer plate 2. Install anchor. To assure that the anchor attachment point will end up at the stabilizer plate, start the anchor insertion approximately 12 inches back from from the desired location if using a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 inches if using a 60 inch long anchor. Install the anchor at about 15 degrees off vertical, with the head tilted away from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of approximately one half its length. 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step 1. 4. Complete anchor installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect straps from the home to sidewall frame, end wall frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp corners including around 1-beams with radius clips or other methods (Figure 75). Radius clips may be fabricated from 26ga (min) by 1 '/<-inch wide galvanized steel strap formed to fit around corners. !`�\N Longitudal Bracket fV AM Protect Top and Bottom of Beam I -Beam Strap is Wrapped Around Beam Skyline Co F "5 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 Figure 74. Determining an- chor and stabilizer plate lo- cation Soil depression. Do not locate anchor heads in soil depressions where water may pool. Figure 75. Radius clips 73 _Ac_"F 1/15/09 _ _TABLE 24. ANCHOR SYSTEM MATERIALS Anchors must be tested and listed to resist a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 lbs and a minimum allowable working load of 3,150 Ibs or ultimate and corresponding working load limited by soil conditions and anchor length. The working load is the maximum load the designer can use. Ground anchors must be provided nc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Straps must be minimum 1-1/4" x 0.035" zinc -coated (0.30 oz per sq ft) steel strapping conforming to ASTM D3953-97, Type 1, Grade 1, Finish B with a minimum allowable working load capacity of 3,150 Ibs and a minimum ultimate load of 4,725 Ibs. Slit or cut edges of zinc -coated strapping do not need to be zinc coated. The size and type of stabilizer plate, if required by the ground anchor manufacturer, will be specified in the anchor manufacturer's instructions. Stabilizer plates must be provided with protection against weather Stabilizerdeterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Alternatively, ABS stabilizer plates may be used when listed and certi- fied for such use. , STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS Before beginning anchor installation, check for obstructions under the home such as piers and frame members that may interfere with the tie down strapping. Check with util- ity companies to determine the location of underground utilities, such as electrical and phone lines, and water, sewer, and gas pipes that may be buried in potential anchor lo- cations. Also check for homeowner -installed wires and pipes, such as those connecting exterior lighting or sheds to the home. These must also be avoided. FRAME ANCHORS Frame anchors can be installed in two ways, in -line and against a stabilizer plate. The two methods are discussed below: In -Line Configuration The in -line configuration (Figure 72) for homes can be used in Wind Zone I only. Typi- cally, in -line anchors are used under high homes where the anchors can be installed from under the home after the home is set. In -line anchors can also be installed before the home is set, however, precisely aligning the anchor with the home both vertically and horizontally is difficult. Using swivel connectors for the strap to beam connection can provide some horizontal flexibility. To install in -line frame anchors, drive the anchor into the ground at an angle and location such that a straight line can be drawn from the tip of the anchor through the anchor head and to the connection point on the I-beam (Figure 73). Man Beam Sidewall Frame Tie -Down Strap Ground Anchorwith Stabilizer Plate Stabilizer Plate Configuration Stabilizer plate configurations (Figure 73) are suitable for homes in all wind zones. An- chors may be installed after the home is set. A stabilizer device, typically an ABS or metal plate, is used to prevent the top of the anchor from slicing through the soil when the load is applied. Stabilizer plates are available in a variety of widths. Choose the wid- est plate that can be driven into the soil to maximize resistance to movement. The LAHJ Grading area around anchors. Anchor heads should not rest in sunken spots. Grade the ground so that water does not collect around anchor heads, but runs away from the anchor and out from under the home. Do not bury anchor heads. Figure 72. in -line anchor configuration Figure 73. Stabilizer plate configuration Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 72 1 /9/2009 1/15/09 sion may be required during lifting. However, take care not to overextend the checklist relates to the roof, r_oofand-damage_the-hinge.Baise-the-roof_evenly in_smallJncrements,_keep- _ _—then_failure_to_do-so-may - -- ing it level throughout the entire process to prevent racking. Do not allow roof- require future disassembly ing paper and shingles to get caught in the hinge crease. (Figure 20) of the roof and further in- 4. Secure king posts. Secure the moveable portion of the king post to the spections. ridgebeam by driving two (2) #8x3" wood screws through the beam and into _the. hinged -king -post (at -Wind -Zone ..l.). -.Use five_ _(5) #8x3-1/2" screws-a_t_W _d Zone II or III. (Figure 21 and Figure 22). / Figure 20. Typical roof lifting Lifting mechanism arrangement. The final position of the truss is shown on the truss detail included with this manual. Hinged King post t�_ Fixed King post Figure 21. Ridge beam to hinged king post fastening 5K'I.g uss with angled \\ ...�.••• Post. `\� V••Q��?,rJT�9�O•••����i �7 PE19600312 _ 2-#8x3" screws at wind • • I. 5-#8x3-1/2" screws at wind •i STATE OF �Q Zone II and III. ��� !��••. ��/VOIANp.•• 0 k �\ nnnm NAL J Jeffrey T. Legault �. 110 25:07005'00' 2-#8x3" screws at Wind Zone I. 5484-Ur screws at Wind Zone II and III. Factory Instaned fll 26. n. 5. Redistribute Insulation. Before closing up the attic space check that the in- sulation has not shifted. Re -level the insulation if needed. 6. Install gable walls. Assembled frames or wall studs and sheathing needed for the site assembly of the gable end walls may be provided. Install the gable end walls for each home section as follows Figure 23. End wall completion: • Studs: Install studs 16 inches o.c. with 3-12d nails or 4-15Ga.x7/16"x2- 1/2" staples, and; • Sheathing: Install 3/8" min OSB sheathing with 8d nails or 16Ga. x 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples 6" o.c. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 22. Alternate ridge beam to king post fastening 37 y® Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 to 7. Install vents. Extend plumbing vents, exhaust fans, appliance vents, and fire- place stacks through the hinged portion of the roof in strict accordance with this manual (Prepare Appliances and Equipment, p. 86) and/or supplemen- tal instructions provided by the home manufacturer. 8. Roof Close-up. A paper spacer has been placed between the two courses of shingles at the hinge to prevent premature sealing of the upper course. Re- move this paper and fasten the upper course in place as shown on the shingle installation instructions. Repeat procedure on other half of home. The units should now be joined together. The fastening of the ridgebeam halves to- gether as specified in this manual can be accomplished either by reaching down from the roof opening at the ridge or by moving along inside the roof cavity. Care should be taken not to damage the ceiling during this operation. 9. Ridge Assembly. Some models will require the framing of the peak area of the home to be completed on site. Extend peak close off frame from each half until they meet at the mating line. (Figure 24) Fasten each peak frame block to each truss top chord w/3-10d nails. Fasten the peak rails together w/10d nails 8" o.c. or w/#8x3" screws 8" o.c. Attach the roof sheathing at the peak to the blocking w/1 5Ga.x7/16"xl -1/2" staples or 8d nails 4" o.c. There is not a removable piece of roof decking at the peak (for ridgebeam access with this type of construction. Install roof felt and remaining shingles to complete the peak close -off. Extend peak sections 1t i to mating line. i Site install roof sheathing at /Fasten peak rails together peak (shipped loose). �` w/10d nails or#8x3" screws i Hinged truss Ridgebeam (typical) (typical) i • •• Fasten each block to each o.c. truss w/3-10d nails (typical). STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET A continuous, non -porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier must be installed on at least one side of the marriage line; along the floor, end walls and ceiling (and mar- riage lines for any tag units). Skyline Corp. has installed this gasket in the factory. In- spect the gasket and repair any gaps or tears. If not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections along the floor, end walls, and ceiling (Figure 25). For homes with through -the -rim crossover ducts (see Crossover Connections, p. 52) inspect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4- inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. En- sure that duct openings are unobstructed. Figure 23. End wall comple- tion V&*1 z/J -Anspectingvents. Fueffired- - heating appliance and fire- place vents that pass through a hinged roof must be completed and in- spected at the site prior to energizing the appliance or occupying the home. Fail- ure to comply with this pre- caution may result in seri- ous injury or death. Venting systems must be installed in conformance with the appliance manufacturer's instructions and any in- structions supplied with the home. Figure 24. Ridge Assembly %A ! ?brzz Checking through -the -rim - ducts. Ensure that through - the -rim -duct connections are secure and tight after the home sections are to- gether. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 38 3/19/09 STEP 2. DETERMINE TIE -DOWN CONFIGURATION There are two primary tie -down configurations: the near beam and the far beam meth- ods. Skyline Corporation use the near beam method for all Wind Zone I applications. The near beam method is also used at Wind Zones II and III, except when a unit has a 5 in 12 roof pitch, and then the far beam method is used. The two methods are described • Near Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the beam closest to the anchor. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double -headed anchor. • Far Beam Method. Connect an anchor strap from the anchor head to the out- side beam. (Figure 71). In addition for Wind Zones II and II, connect a vertical sidewall strap from the sidewall of the home to the anchor head using a double - headed anchor. The far beam method is only required for double wide units at Wind Zone II or III with a 5/12 roof pitch. Figure 71. Lateral tie -down Sidewall Vertical Tie -down Floor configurations (Wind Zone II or III). Near I -Beam - Far I -Beam Gro nd Level Near Beam sidewall frame _ tie -down Strap Angle - 30 to 60 degrees 1:ar Beam sidewall frame tie -down (5/12 Roof pitch units at Wind Zone II or III). )ilizer plate Ground Anchor STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS Use the torque probe results from Prepare the Site, STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL - BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 15) and the anchor manufacturer instruc- tions; select the type and length of anchor to use. The installed ground anchor size (length) must be listed (i.e. approved) for the soil class. Make sure the anchor is of sufficient length such that the top of the helix is below the frost line. Select a shaft diameter sufficient to resist excessive torsion, "ring -off' (when the helix or anchor head separates from shaft) or shaft splitting. Consult the anchor sup- plier for guidance. Review all of STEP 3. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 71) and STEP 4. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 72) before making final anchor selections to determine when single -headed vs. double - headed anchors should be used. Follow the specifications in Table 30 when selecting stabilizing system components. 3/18/20091:30:55 PM Skyline Corporation 71 -SIDEWALL VERTICAL ANCHORS Homes designed for Wind Zones II and III also require vertical tie -downs along the side - walls. The vertical tie -down anchor straps (or brackets for connecting to the home) are factory installed and indicate the locations. Vertical and frame sidewall tie -downs may connect to one double -headed anchor or each to its own dedicated anchor. gardless of the wind zone in which the home is placed. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS End wall frame tie -downs are especially important for homes that are wider and have higher roof pitches because those features increase the surface area exposed to wind loads at the ends of the home. Use Table 23 to determine the number of end wall frame anchors required at the each end of each home section. End wall frame tie -downs are not required at Wind Zone I. TABLE 23. END WALL FRAME ANCHORS REQUIRED PER HOME SECTION ON EACH END OF THE HOME sidewall height 4.35/12 2 4 4 4 4 4 5/12 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.35112 4 4 4 4 4 4 • 5/12 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.35/12 3 3 3 3 3 4 5/12 3 3' 3 3 4 4 4.35/12 3 3 4 3 4 4 • 5/12 3 3 4 3 4 4 MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS In Wind Zones II and III, marriage line anchors are required along the marriage wall. In Wind Zone I marriage line anchors are sometimes required. (Figure 80) There may be manufacturer -installed brackets indicating required tie -down locations (may be identified by tags or paint),If necessary to avoid interference with tie -downs, the marriage line pier location may be offset horizontally from the column by a maximum of 6 inches. TAG UNIT FRAME ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. TAG UNIT VERTICAL ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for tag units. PORCH POST ANCHORS At Wind Zone II or III install tie -down strap to a ground anchor through the factory in- stalled bracket. Install ground anchor and tie -down strap at each factory installed bracket. OFFSET UNIT ANCHORS See Addendum to these installation instructions for tie -down requirements for offset units. Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1115109 ���11uui+rrrrl, PE19600312 STATE OF ' AZ N`�` rrlHtrn1111� Q Jeffrey T. Legault 2009.01.09 11:23:28-05'00' i // When to install marriage line anchors. Anchors along the marriage line must be installed prior to the second half of a multi - section home being set. Setting the strap angle. When straps are con- nected only to the near (- beam, (Figure 71) the an- gle the strap makes with the ground should be be- tween 30 degrees and 60 degrees. Angles greater than 60 degrees may re- quire closer anchor spac- ing. 1/15/09 Figure 25. Mating Line Gas- -Ridge beam - - ket - -- - - - Mating line gasket (factory installed) at endwalls, Floor mating line and ridge beam bottom flange. Mating line rim joist STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS Follow this procedure to install additional home sections: 1. Remove obstructions. Remove protruding nails and staples or anything else that will keep the home sections from fitting together snugly. If present, cut the temporary ceiling and floor plates at the edges of marriage line openings tak- Mechanical posi- ing care not to damage ceiling or floor coverings or displace temporary mar- tioning system. For a pier- riage line support posts (these supports and the plates will be removed after set home, a mechanical the home sections have been structurally connected). positioning system (such as 2. Complete crossovers. Before moving the two sections together, complete a roller system) will make any crossover connections that require access from the open marriage line, the process easier and including the attic duct connection (if present) and marriage wall interior elec- safer and be less likely to trical connections (see Connect Crossovers, p.52). damage the home. 3. Position section. Position the section as closely as possible (ideally within six inches) and line up with the previously set section. If using a mechanical positioning system or crane, follow the system manufacturer's instructions or V&* the crane operator's directions. 4. Construct piers. With the outside walls of the home aligned, construct the Sealing gaps. Prior to com- piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home (p. pletion of the exterior close- 30) before continuing to the steps below. up, gaps that do not exceed y. Level section. Lower the section onto the outside piers first, inside piers last. one inch are permitted be- tween structural elements Before releasing the mechanical positioning system, check interior doorways provided that the gaps are and other openings for misalignments that may cause problems during trim- closed before completion of out. The floors should be flush, level, and tight and the roof section should close-up, se -up, the home sec - have little, if any, gap at the top of the marriage line. Use at least two come -a- s are in contact with • longs to pull the sections snugly together and use the water level or other lev- each other, and the mar- eling device to set all piers and shims. riage gasket provides a 6. Shim gaps. Shim any gaps up to one inch between structural elements with proper seal. dimensional lumber. If any gaps exceed one inch, re -position the home to eliminate such gaps. STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS Make floor structural connections according to one of the methods described below. Method 1: Install fasteners through rim joists With the home aligned at the floor and supported by its foundation, join the floors as shown in Figure 26 using the fastener type, size, and spacing indicated on Table 13. A gap of 1" is allowable. Gaps larger than must be filled with plywood or lumber shims. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 70 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 39 TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Increase fastener lengths by 3 inches for double rim joists. Marriage Line Floor Fastener Decking Rim Joists.Along Marriage Marriage Line Line Gasket Fastener i Staggered At Next iSpacing Interval %� Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 - - -- _�--- Figure 26. Floor connection Install additional fasteners as indicated below, making sure to repair any openings in the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). • Install two additional fasteners at each end of the home at approximately a 45 degree angle (+/- 5 degrees) from horizontal. Patch bottom • If the home has a through -the -rim crossover duct, install one additional fas- board. Use adhesive tener at each side of the duct opening. spray, mastic, and/or diver- gent staples in combination • After installation of fasteners, repair tears or holes in the bottom board using with bottom board tape for tape specially made for that purpose. a more secure and durable connection. J a Z Q Z 0 P J J Q H Z Z 0 a 0 IL IX 0 c) LU Z J Y Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 40 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 0>S#050_0 orms to HUD MHCSS v1s/o9 TABLE 22. WIND ZONE III SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING • . . . .-• - • .. .. .. -- 25 t648 48" to 67" Up to 25" N.A N.A. `•� !!j •-•'G�STEq''.,. L PE1960631�2 Lessthan • re than 25" to 48" 48" to 67" Up to 20" 20"to48" 48" to 67" — — — N.A. N.A. 4'-0" N.A. N.A. STATE OF ,i�4Fss/0114 t Up to 25" — N.A.�b rf' fC�� lA. 2009 01 08 • • 25" to 48" — N.A. 1 VIZ 11.23.4�-05�00' *48'to67" •` NA:• — Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" — 4'-0" • 25' to 48^ N.A. N.A. 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" Up to 25" `, N.A. N.A. .4 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" More than 48" to 67 ,, N.A. N.A. ,a 4,-0° to Up to 25" 4'-0" _ 4.-0' _ 4'-0„ 25" to 48" . , . N.A.. N.A 4.0 •re than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. 4'-0" s to Up to 25". N A._ N.A• — , 4 0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0' - 4'-0" • 25- to 487, N.A. N.A. - 4%0" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" Up to 25" • • 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" More -48"t667" `n U.A.' ---------- N.A. • Up to 25" _ 4'-0' 4'-0" - 4'-0" 25" to,48° N AN.A:,� _ . 4'A • - re 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" 1 Up to 25° 4'-0" 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" 48" to 67" _ -0" Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" — 4'-0" or 25" to 48- 4'-0" 4'-tY = 4'-0' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" Up to 25" 4'-0' 4 a^e '' — 4'0° 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" More 48" to 6T' ,. N.A. " . •N A. a- _ _ 4,_8" 15'- Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0" - 4'-0' 25" to 48" N.A N.A.- 9'-0' . • More 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0' to 25" 4'-0" 4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 4'-0" W7Up 48" to 67° 7N.A ... N.A: 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM 5lcyune corporation (4-4b ru. -i) 6� Ell 1/15/09 TABLE 21. WIND ZONE II SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING fr.mj� Roof slope maximum 4.35/12 Roof slope maximum 5112 Sidewall I-beamHeight ground to % (20 degrees) (26.5 degrees) Floor width height spacing ment Single section Double section Single section Double section Up to 22" _ 5'-4"1Y 1Lrt/,/// 22" to 48" — M.A. Tt Gh% 48" to 67" — N.A. )l�j�•�c,\STE9�o Up to 25" 25" to 48" — N.A. N.A. �_`` PE19600812 r — — Lessthan48" to 67" — N.A. �' STATE OF �� 2 • Up to 25" to 488 48" to 67" — _ — 4'-0"�O,p'• N.A. N.A. �NDIANQ.•'����� �"Z �S •'••........•• `��S�ONA; It s Up to 25" N.A. q I r! - 009.01.09 — 25" to 48" — N.A. 11:23:58-05'00' 48 to 67" N.A. _ — ` Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" - 5'�" or : 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. - 5,4 - 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' Up to 25" 4'.0" 4'4' — 5'-4' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' More 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'.4 • Up to 25" 4'•0" 4'-0" — or 8 25"to.48" — N.A. N.A. _ - • than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' to Up to 25" N.A. N.A. — 514, 25"to48" N.A. N.A. — 5'4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" — 5. 4, or 25" to 48" 4`-0" 4'-0" — 5'4' 48" 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' Up to 25" 5,-4" 5'-4" _ 5,-4, • • 25" to 48" 48"to67" N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' 514' More to Up to 25" 5'-4. 5'-4" — 5'4' • : 25"to48" •- than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. s • Up to 25" 4'-0" 4'-0"' — 5'-0' 25" to 48" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" — 5'-4' • 26" to 48" 4'-0' 4'-0" — 5'-4' 48" to 67" 4'-0" 4'-0' — 5'-4' Up to 25" 64' 5'-4" — 5'.4' 25" to 48" 48" to 67" Up to 25" 4'-0" N.A. 64^ 4'-0" N.A. 514. — 5'-4' — 5'4' — 5'-4' More than • 25" to 48" 4'-0" 4'-0" 5'-4' More than 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'4 Up to 25" 5'-4" 5'-4" — 5'-4' 25" to 48" 4'-0' N.A. — 5'-4' 48" to 67" N.A. N.A. — 5'-4' Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1 I� Conforms to HUD 114HCSS 12/16/09 -- STEP-7----CONNEC-T-ROOF- ---- - -- - --------- ------ -- If the marriage line along the roof is not snug, position jacks every 20 feet or less along the outside I-beam and uniformly lift the section until the roof area is tight. Check to make sure the ceiling joint is flush before installing the connections. If not, use a jack and tee to raise whichever ceiling is low, starting at the front and working to below for either double or triple -section homes. DOUBLE -SECTION HOMES Make roof structural connections in double -section homes according to the method de- scribed below. Install fasteners through ridge beam To obtain access into the ceiling cavity, fold back the underlayment paper and remove the 16" wide sheathing panel(s) at the peak. The beam halves may be bolted or lag screwed together. Install bolts or lag screws at 24" o.c. with 6 additional bolts/lags over interior beam supports. (Figure 27). Predrill'/4' piliot holes for lag screws at 1-1/2" down from the top of the beam and with a maximum offset from horizontal of 45 de- grees. Use fastener sizes as specified in Table 14. Stagger fasteners on each side of marriage line. Spacing indicated is on -center, both sides of ridge. Fasteners may be installed from one -side of ridge beam only. . NOTe. (1) When beam support consists of a column instead of Centedlne bearing wall, use a boftlags at T o.c. each stdo of column. (2) Beam marked with paint at column locations. 31 3. 1 2",1. 24• . 2 r , 24' . 24' N, 24' , Roof Ridge Beam Endwall Hall bearing wall TABLE 14. ROOF CONNECTIONS SPECIFICATIONS Bolts with washers both 3/8" x 4-1/2" 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. sides Lag screws with 3/8" x 5" 24 in. 24 in. 24 in. ' Washers 12/8/20092:41:45 PM Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Closing the roof gap. Level and fasten the marriage �ln�7ofn a - he froor be ore -- jacking to tighten a roof gap. DO NOT use roof fas- teners to close any gaps. Separation of the ridge beams and trusses may occur. Figure 27. Ridge beam fas- tening 41 In Wind Zones II and III an optional metal cap or straps may be installed as follows: Caps • Select metal caps made of minimum 8" x 30 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" aluminum. • Install caps continuously, overlapping by minimum of four inches at splices. • Fasten caps with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4" long x 3/8" diameter head roof nails or #8 x 1-1/4" sheet metal screws at two inches o.c. both sides of ridge. Straps • Select metal straps made of minimum 1-1/2" wide x 26 ga galvanized steel or 0.019" aluminum. • Space straps a minimum of 96 inches o.c. for Wind Zone II and a minimum 80 inches o.c. for Wind Zone III. TRIPLE -SECTION HOMES For triple -section homes where roof lines run parallel to each other on adjacent units (Figure 29), follow the instructions in the appropriate method below to complete the connections at the roof. Method 1: Install fasteners through pre -installed sheathing For homes where sheathing is in place on both sides of the marriage line (Figure 28) install fasteners from the low side of the roof on an angle so as to penetrate roof beams on both sides of marriage line, using the fastener specifications and spacings indicated on Table 15. Center Section Outer Section Factory -Installed _ (Optional) Factory -Installed Shingles Field -Installed Shingles Shingles Asphalt Roofing Cement Between Layers of Underlayment Min6"Wide 'L /® Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 i // Installing lags. If lags are used to connect roofs, use pilot holes and use -appro- priately sized washers. When to use metal straps. If a ridge vent will be in- stalled, use straps instead of a continuous cap. Figure 28.Triple-section roof connection Method 1 See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for additional information. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 42 9 J AP Install Stabilizing Systems P7-,43 - -- HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 TABLE 20. WIND ZONE 1 SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHOR MAXIMUM SPACING up to 25"" $ --- - • 7 ` N\`S l T. L!E j�i,� f` :. _„=.25 to48 __. 8 0 any ` F� 48 to 67" 8 0 ``'l�j�•G1STIg�q�.•G���� Up to 25 -0 ma's8 PE19600312 - 25" to 48" - 8'-0" - - ,'Kto 67" 8'-0" • j Up to 25" _ STATE OF •• : 25 to 48" 7 T " � ( 4 ;$ ••••. A _ ���i/SS/ONAI.EN�`��` • 8 . as to 67" 7-0 • Up to 25" 25" to 48" 7 0 7 0 ff11f��� Je ley T Alt° 2009 01.08 24:12-0600' Up to 25" 10 9" 11 3" 7-6- 6 6- 75.5" or 82.5125° to 48" T 6° 8'-0" 5'-0" 4`-6" 48" to 67" 7'-6" 8'-0" 5'-0° 4'-6" Up to25" 8=3"5'=0 25" to 48" T-6" 8'-0. 5'-0" 4'-6" • 48" to 67" 71-6" 8 -0^ , 5 -0", 4,_6, • Up to 25" 9,-0^ 10 -0" 7 0' 6 0" or 25" to 48" 6.-0" T-3„ •re than 48" to 67" 6 9" 7 3^ 5 0" 4 -3" Up to 25" T-6" 25" to 48. 6'-9" T-3" 5'-0" 4'-3" 48" to 67"=, 6'-9r a + 7 3 _ = 5"-0"` ` 4•,-3 Up to 25" 11 9" 13 9"_.._ 8 -3" 7 3" or 25" to.48" 9'-6" •10'-0^ 6'-0" 5'-3" 48" to 67" T-9" 8 3" 5 9" 4 3" upto25" •. 25" to 48" T-9° 8'-3" 5'-0" 4'-3" • _ A8" to 67" .,. 7 9" ; ". - 8'-3" ., `, . '; . 5,-0, 4,3" • -_ Up to 25" 9'-3" _ 12'-3" T-9" 6'-9" 25" to 48°More than 48" to 67" 7'-0" 7'-3^ 4'-9^ 4'-0" 1 to s '(Jp to 25".. 10'-0" 11._0,. _°. _. 7-W W-0 25" to 48" T-0" T-6" 4'-9: 4'-0' 48 to 6r, 7 0° ' T-3 ` 4'-9"• 41-0 ` Up to 25" 11 9" 14 0" 8-3" 7 0" 25° to'48" 1'1'-0" 12'•0" 6'-9- 6-97 48" to 67" 9'-0" 10'-0" 6-6" 4'-9" _ Up to 25" -' �- 13`-0" .•' d� 14 0 - ;: 8'-0- T-0" , • 25" to 48" 10'-0" 11'-0" 6'-0. 5'-3" • 48", to 67" 8'-0" 8. 9" 5.-0" 4 -3. Up to 25" 9'-3" 13'-0" 7'-9" 6'-9" or . 25" to 48" 9`-T.. 10'-9" 6=6" 5'-6" •' 48" to 67^- 8' 3" 9' 0" 5 3" 4-6" 1 25" to 48" 9'-0" 9'-9. 5'-6" 5'-0" 48b to 67"- 7'-0° 7'-9" 1 /9/2UU9 9:22 AM SKyline uorporat(on 14-4t5 ru. -I / Line Key: Anchor Head .--- Strap ®4--- Vertical Tie -down Sidewall Frame Tie -down Marriage wall vertical tie -down. Extend strap to far ]-Beam for Doublewide units with 5/12 Roof pitch. Endwall Tie -downs Sidewall vertical tie -down. Marriage Line SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 20, 21, and 22 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II, and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi -section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing, and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Check the anchor manu- facturer instructions to determine if there is a minimum spacing between anchors. Keep in mind that sidewall frame tie -downs must be located no more than two feet from each end wall. figure-69. Typical -anchor- - locations for a double - section home in Wind Zone I Figure 70. Typical anchor locations for a double - section home in Wind Zones 11 or 111 V&*Irzlz Maximum spacing re- quirements. The LAHJ may have anchor spacing requirements that super - cede the values provided in this manual. PFS#°2 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 6/19/14 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 6/17/20141:25:24 PM 66 Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Line Plan TABLE 15. ROOF CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Method 2: Install fasteners with ship loose sheathing For homes where sheathing is shipped loose to be installed on site (Figure 30) fasten field -installed sheathing to all underlying blocking and framing with 15 ga 7/16" x 1-1/2" staples at four inches o.c. in field and perimeter. Factory installed underlayment Field installed shingles Field installed sheathing Field installed underlayment Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) installed shingles installed sheathing STEP 8. CONNECT WALLS Once the home is secured along the marriage line floor and roof, secure end walls, in- terior doorways, and marriage line partitions according to the appropriate method de- scribed below. END WALLS Install toed fasteners through sheathing Toe fasteners through sheathing from the exterior at an approximately 45 degree angle (+/- 5 degrees) (Figure 31) according to the fastener specifications and spacing re- quirements in Table 16. Skyline Corporation ( Figure 29.Triple-section Figure 30.Thiple-section roof connection Method 2 43 Gasket Wall Studs Exterior Siding or Exterior Siding Underlayment Fastener TABLE 16. END WALL FASTENER SPECIFICATIONS MARRIAGE WALL COLUMNS, OPENINGS AND INTERIOR PARTITIONS Make connections inside the home along the marriage walls (Figure 32 and Figure 33) by installing fasteners according to the specifications and spacing requirements in Table 17. Toe screw 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 studs; through -screw 2 x 3 studs. ;hell Occurs Interior Wall Bulls Into Marriage Walls Wall Cove ring Applied At Manufacturing Facility #05 Conforms to HUD CSS 1/15/09 Figure 31. End wall connec- tion toed through sheathing Figure 32. Marriage wall connections Figure 33. Marriage line col- umn connections Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 44 #o� Conforms to HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Install Stabilizing Systems This chapter covers the design and installation of the stabilizing system which secures the home against lateral and upward forces caused by wind. The system covered here uses earth (or ground) anchors and steel straps connected to the home's longitudinal steel beams and/or exterior walls. Stabilizer plates may also be used to prevent the anchor head from moving - — laterally -in —the ground. An anchor, strap, and stabilizer plate (if used) together are referred to as a tie -down. - Anchors can also be mounted in concrete footings when there is enough concrete mass (weight) to resist the lateral and upward forces. This type of system is not covered in this manual. STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS Create a sketch of the home plan showing the exterior walls, marriage line(s) (if any) and frame 1-beams (this will be similar to the base sketch created in Prepare Footings, page 18). See Table 19 for a list of anchor locations, types, and where they are required. Pages where the requirements are provided are noted in the last column. As each anchor location is determined, mark it on the sketch, noting important dimen- sions such as spacing between anchors. When complete, this will be the home's tie - down plan (Figure 69 and Figure 70). TABLE 19. ANCHOR LOCATION TYPES uonnecf any racfory-Insfaueo s;aewau ue-crown scraps fo a grouna ancnor regaraless of Line wlna zone in which the home is placed. 2. Install marriage line anchors prior to moving the home over the top of the anchor locations and then return to Set the Home or Complete Multi -Section Set respectively. Figure 69 and Figure 70 illustrate typical anchor locations for a double -section home in Wind Zone I and Wind Zones II and III respectively. 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM e Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Need for a stabilizing sys- tem. The manufactured home must be secured against the wind by the use of an anchor assembly or an alternative foundation system. Where site or other conditions prohibit the use of the manufac- turer's instructions, a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect must design the stabilizing system. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use in flood or seismic hazard areas. In those areas retain a regis- tered engineer or regis- tered architect to design the stabilizing system. 65 - S-T-E-P-3-COMP-L-E-T-E-WAL-L-AND-CEILING-FINISHES- ------ --- - --- ----A-BLE-17 .MARRIAGE -WALE CONNECTION -SPECIFICATIONS - PF _ — -c-0�Css PFS#®5 coorME a ---- Install interior ship loose wall and/or ceiling panels using a 1/4 inch diameter bead of HUD MHCSSSize Spacing Fastener type I HUD ME polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive on all framing members and fasten with minimum 1- 1115109 Wood screw #8 x4" 16.in. o.c: vi5ro9 1/2 inch long staples or nails at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. . -. STEP 4. COMPLETE CARPET • e e • - - . Install and seam ship loose or rolled carpet as follows: �� - 1. Prepare floor. Clean the floor of all dirt and debris and smooth the floor deck e • _ _ • at the marriage line seams as necessary to ensure a level and smooth sur- Installing carpet. Only ex - face. perienced carpet installers 2. Lay pad. Lay down the carpet pad, if provided. should install carpet. Fail- • • • A A I• 3. Stretch carpet. Ensuring all carpet "grain" runs in the same direction, fit and ure to follow the carpet _ e _ • secure the carpet using a power carpet stretcher. Stretch the carpet up to the manufacturer's directions seam and tack it down temporarily until the carpet is seamed. may void the carpet war- • - • • • 4. Butter carpet. "Butter" with carpet adhesive the edges of the carpet along the ranty. e oil Z0181• • seam. • A• 5. Seam carpet. Place heat bond tape under the seam with the glue side next to the carpet and apply heat from a seaming iron to the top of the seam, press- ing the carpet into the glue. 6. Kee scraps. Retain reasonable size carpet scraps to protect carpet and Keep p P P P P Stagger seams. Stagger all seams. For ex- After the main unit has been set on its foundation, install all tag units according to the following �/ flooring during move -in. ample, locate the carpet g procedure: P • pad seam three inches to 1Position d block thetPosition . oson and tag. oson the tag unit as close to the main unit as Piers under tag units. STEP 5. COMPLETE TRIM left of marriage line and the possible at its intended location. Use a hitch jack to obtain approximate level- Some tag units have spe- Using fine gauge wire staples or pin nails, install ship loose molding and wainscot pan- carpet seam three inches to ing anSTEP 2 H t th S t di t i ll tper supports according o ee Home, . POSITION d install HOME SECTION (p. 30). Determine whether the tag and main unit floors are cial piering needs due to eling to finish trimming out ceilings, marriage line walls, front and rear end walls, and right of marriage line. designed to line up flush or are offset by a step and adjust the tag pier heights the roof and/or floor con - struction. These will be de - passageway doors where necessary. accordingly. tailed in supplemental pier- STEP 6. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS 2. Level the unit. Using a water level (p.34), verify that the piers are level. The ing plans supplied with the elevation of all points along the lower flange of the I-beam should be no more home. Note that tag unit Remove all strapping, blocking, and packaging from appliances, windows, and doors. than 3/8 inches from the desired height and should not deviate more than 3/4 end walls are typically load Install any drapes, mini -blinds, mirrors, door stops, closet shelves, and hardware per inches overall. bearing rather than side the product manufacturer's installation instructions. 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the tag unit is level with main unit floor, connect walls. the floors together as described in STEP 5. CONNECT FLOORS (p. 39). Proceed based on the foundation type: Connect walls. Secure the tag unit walls to the main unit sidewall using #8 x 110,Pier and ground anchor, • Install to Stabilizing e 4" screws at 12 inches o.c. (see Figure 34). The sheathing shown in the detail N Qmay Load bearing to Utilities not be included by the manufacturer. If included, the sheathing over the perimeter " nect ' last stud bay was tacked in place at the factory for easy removal at the site. QOnce the wall connections are complete, re -install the sheathing and complete the siding installation. m Z n O Sxl (Main rd Fastener Figure 34. Tag unit wall X • Sheat" (Field Installed) connection Wall Studs (Tag Unit) 0 Z Z O cn Main Und r— r O a n U Exterior Siding ZTag Und J } Y 4. Connect roofs. Connect the tag unit roof to the main unit roof using #10 x 5" Z D screws or 3/8" x 6" lag screws, toe screwed at each main unit vertical struc- r— N tural member (stud or truss) location. See Figure 35 for flush roof connections Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 64 1/9/2UU9 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 45 Is to W and Figure 36 for roof connections with an offset greater than two inches. Roof connections with an offset less than two inches do not require screws. Shirgii Undereyment Instal Rat Over Joint Fastener Main Unit Tag LkA Main Lind Farce Roof Dackiig Shingles Metal Flashing (a Top Course Raof Deckig of Virryl Siding) Fastener Tag Unit ..... ...:r.':'.'.::.:..:..::..._ \\__.\.v: z^ir.'; ii^.(:,•, '; ...... r:': ::'; isiri::iuu...._..... STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS Once the home is properly supported and the marriage line connections are completed, remove the temporary ridge beam supports and wall/ceiling plates used to brace the ridge beam during shipment. Take care not to damage the ceiling. Remove and store or properly dispose of or recycle the hitch, axles, and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner unless other contractual arrangements have been made. STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION Fasten the home to the foundation (typically to the sill plate) according to the fastening schedule provided by the manufacturer. STEP 12. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfill against the foundation wall to the height of the waterproofing, taking care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the site as described in Prepare the Site, STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE (p.14). STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS Construct the basement stairs in compliance with the local building code. Take care that adequate headroom is maintained under beams and that there is sufficient landing space at the bottom of the stairs. 1/15/09 Figure 35. Tag unit flush roof connection Figure 36. Tag unit offset roof -connection- -- - --- - When to backfill. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is con- nected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Cutting the chassis. Do not cut, notch, bend, or alter in any manner beams, cross - members, and other parts of the steel chassis. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 46 _ HUD MHcss Complete the Interior 1/15/09 This chapter covers the completion of the home's interior finishes including finishing walls, ceilings, flooring, trim, and mis- cellaneous items. STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS Align and secure walls at marriage line openings as follows: Align walls. Align walls and clamp in place. Fasten walls. Secure clamped walls together with metal straps or long screws so they do not move when the clamps are removed. Insert wood wedges in gaps between walls, and glue and screw to create a tight connec- tion. STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD Finish all unfinished gypsum board walls and ceilings as follows: 1. Install panels. Install ship loose gypsum panels using a 1/4 inch diameter bead of adhesive on all framing members and minimum 1-1/2 inch long dry- wall screws, nails, or staples at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. 2. Mud seams. Mud and tape all seams and corners, filling all fastener depres- sions. Follow mud manufacturer's directions. 3. Paint. When the final coat of mud is dry, prime and paint all unfinished gyp- sum board to match existing paint color and finish texture. Skyline Co Fastening gypsum. When attaching gypsum board, depress, but do not break the paper face with the fas- tener. Breaking the paper will weaken the connection. Using alternative materials Obtain the home manufac- turer's approval before us- ing interior finish materials other than those provided with the home. B 0 Quids -Disconnect Male Fitting Flex Factory Installed Shut -Off Valve Installed on — Quick -Disconnect Inlet Side Female Fitting Installed on Inlet Side Flex Connector Factory Installed Male Cap Irm7w Female Cap Or Male Cap Direction of Gas Flow Direction of Gas Flow STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING Install telephone and cable television wiring in accordance with the requirements of the LAHJ, the NEC, and NFPA No.70-2005. When making crossover connections or in- stalling telephone or cable television wires, do not run them in the same raceway as, or in close proximity to, high voltage electrical conductors or cables. Wires should only be installed by trained professionals. 1/15/09 Figure 67. Gas crossover with quick disconnect fittings Figure 68. Gas crossover with threaded connectors Installing wiring. When in- stalling telephone and ca- ble television wires, do not damage electrical wires, plumbing lines, or ducts. Serious personal injury or death could result from damage to electrical wires. HUD n111Css 1115109 Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. V aN `Fr / STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF (p. 49) STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS (p. 49) STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi -section homes, the first step in completing the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line (Figure 37). For homes with asphalt shingles, follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials, follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. Cap Shingle Underlayment Metal (Wind Zone 2 8 3 Only) Factory Installed Shingles Factory Installed Shingles Underlaymanl 1. Install underlayment (when sheathing at the ridge is installed on site). Make sure the roof sheathing is already installed (see Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 6. CONNECT ROOF, p. 39). Install 15# felt or equivalent continuously along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installa- tion, install them now using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head roof nails. For Wind Zone I, fasten at 5/8 inch above each tab cutout slot and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (four fasteners for a three -tab shingle) (Figure 38). For Wind Zones II and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (six fasteners for a three -tab shingle). Do not fasten through the shingle tar line. Figure 37. Shingle installa- tion at ridge i // Weatherproofing. It is vitally important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to inclement weather. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove shipping pro- tection from the roof prior to completing roofing. �-•—36"Shingle36•Shingle Figure 38.Shingle fastener locations for Wind Zone / (left) and Wind Zones 11 and x x 12° x x x- x x x 12" 111(right). x Fastener Locations 3. Install underlayment. Install 15# felt or equivalent underlayment that is at least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9 62 ne 19 47 Conforms to HUD MHCSs 1/15/09 of roofing cement on both sides of the ridge under the underlayment. 4. Install shingle cap. Starting at the opposite end of the home from the prevail- ing wind, install ridge cap shingles provided by the manufacturer or use 12" x 12" shingles (36" shingles cut into three equal pieces) (Figure 39). Install us- Installing a ridge vent. If a ing 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples or 12 ga 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head ridge vent is to be installed, roofing nails spaced 5-5/8 inches from bottom edge and 1/2 inch to 1-1/2 follow the ridge vent manu =_ inches in from both edges. Cover the exposed fasteners with tar or cement. facturer's instructions pro= - vided with the material or as an addendum to this manual in lieu of underlay- ment over ridge line and shingle cap. Cut shingle into three pieces Figure 39. Shingle cut into as shown by dotted line thirds 1�2�3 HINGE ROOF CLOSE-UP For homes with hinged roofs, complete roofing underlayment and shingles along the hinge line (Figure 40) as follows: 1. Install underlayment. Attach the underlayment to the roof deck with a mini- mum of six-inch wide strip of cement. If necessary, trim the underlayment to allow the lowest shingle above the hinge of the roof to seal to the topmost shingle on the lower portion of the roof. Figure 40. Shingle installa- tion at hinge line Site Install Shingles In Hinged Area Per The Instructions On The Shingle Package Shipped Loose With The Home. E5p After Roof Is In The Raised Position, VQpet Trim The Shingle UnderlaymentTo i Installing metal Mow The Shingle Of The Upper — flashing. Install optional Roof Section To Seal Onto The Last Shingle Of The Lower Roof Section. metal flashing over the roof decking before applying i� Hinge roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- 10-01 ten 30 ga x 6" wide mini - Underlayment �� Asphalt Roofing Cement mum galvanized metal with roofing or nails 16 9a x 1" Between Layers of UnderlaymentMinumum crown staples of sufficient 6"Wide length to penetrate the roof 2. Install shingles. Install missing shingles according to the shingle manufac- sheathing. Space fasteners four inches o.c. or less near turer's instructions. the edge of the metal. COMPLETE TRIPLE -SECTION ROOFS Overlap the metal by at Complete roofing along triple -section home marriage lines according to one of the fol- least two inches at joints. lowing methods based on the construction of the home. Method 1: Dual ridge beams 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and apply a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the sheathing. Lay the underlayment of the center section on top of the cement (see Best Practice tip for optional metal flashing). Fold down the center section roof un- derlayment on this cement. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles, securing them per the shingle manufacturer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). onforms to JD MHCSS 1/15/09 Examples of Connection Pipe and Fittings (Not Supplied by theF Manufacturer) p at tFeet of 4 ter ain Site Sewer Hook Up 5. Install supports. Install permanent drain line supports at a distance of four feet o.c. or less (see Figure 63, Figure 65, and Figure 66). (2) 0.131'Diax3 -,"Nails Min. 2x3 Lumber 0.131" Diax3 I'Nail — Galy. or Alum. Strip — Min.lx3Lumber — l (2) 0.131'Diax3 i }' `Nails Into Floor Joist r�( (2) e x 2" x (— Staples or (2) 0.131" Diax3 n Nails Each End (2) staples ar Screws Each Side �Galy. or Alum Strip rt Min.26Lumber Drain Pipe — 6. Insulate. Replace all insulation and make sure all potentially exposed portions of the DWV system are well insulated to protect against freezing. STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES The gas crossover connection may use quick disconnect fittings or threaded connec- tors. Find the connection location below the floor at the marriage line and gather the connectors (they may be shipped loose if not present under the home). For quick disconnect fittings (Figure 67), remove any dust caps and then with one hand, pull back on the quick disconnect device, snap it over the quick disconnect adap- tor and release it to complete the connection. For threaded connectors (Figure 68), remove the black cap and nipple (or any other plugs, such as a black iron plug) from both the supply and receiving sides and screw the connector onto the supply and return pipes as necessary. Check for leaks before connecting to gas service (see Connect Utilities, STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE, p. 83). Figure 65. DWV connection to sewedseptic Figure 66. DWV pipe sup- port options Vr ZZ Protect pipes from freez- ing. If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, pour antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs, and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- traps. Installing quick disconnect fittings. Do not use tools, lubricants, or sealants with quick disconnect fittings. Gas test precautions. Do not connect to gas service until tests described in Connect Utilities have been successfully completed. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 48 61 ; ® rrv� - �--onfonls a- AAAWWW HUD MHCSS L15/09 Conforms to HUD MHCSS Center Section Outer Section 1/15/09 Factory -Installed Underlayment Factory -Installed STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES i t Z� Shingles Field -Installed Complete portions of the drain, waste, and vent (DWV) system that are below the floor Providing required clear- Shingles as follows: ancgs.�wvide ttie_drai _ __ _ _ _ 8c ory- ns - 1. Remove caps. Remove shipping covers from pipes extending through the outlet with a minimum Shingles bottom board; inspect pipes and fittings and clean them of dirt, obstructions, clearance of three inches in Asphalt Roofing Cement and burrs. any direction from all parts BetweenLayers F Underlaymentment MiMin 6" Wide 2. Assemble pipes. Using the drain schematic drawing provided with the home, of the structure or any ap- begin assembling the DWV system starting at the location farthest from the purtenances and with not sewer/septic connection and working towards the outlet, fastening the pipe less than 18 inches unre- with cement or adjustable screw -clamp connectors, if provided (Figure 63). stricted clearance directly in As the system is assembled, support the piping with temporary blockin front of the drain outlet. y pp p p g p ry g' Unless otherwise noted on the schematic diagram, provide a minimum 1/4 Provide any cleanouts with th inch per foot slope towards the sewer/septic using a plumber's level. Where a inches directly in front a minimum clearance of 12 of its slope of 1/4 inch per foot cannot be maintained, use a minimum slope of 1/8 inch per foot and install of a full-size clean -out at the uppermost point of the opening. Metal (Optional) Fastener run (Figure 64). Cement Coupling Figure 63. Drain crossover Method 2: Field -installed sheathing (Provided) to End of connection Pipes 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and fold up the underlayment on the center section roof. Apply to the lower roof underlayment a minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement centered on the sheathing joint. Cover with the shipped loose underlayment. Apply an- other minimum six-inch wide strip of roofing cement to the ship loose under - Support Stmps layment centered on the upper roof sheathing joint. Drain Pipe7 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles per the shingle manufac- Fasbn Coupling Direction of Flow and Slope Direction of Flow and Slope turer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). (Provided) b Pip'mg Coupling With Clamps Connection Pipe Field Installed shingles Coupler Field installed sheathing Field installed underlayment Figure 64.DWV system Asphalt roofing cement bwtween layers of underlayment (min. 6" wide) Factory installed shingles Drain Pipe Dust rain rain Dropout 1 Dropo Supports Cover Dropout Slopeust Cover ust Sanita Long Turn BI Factory installed underlayment Cover Tee Slo Ems— Wye Long Turn Tee Wye (Subsitute for Ebow lean -Out Plug actory installed sheathing Double 81 ong Turn Ell and Provide a Full F ong Turn 01 Size Clean Out When To Sewer/Septic Required) 3. Test. Conduct a two-part leakage test on the completed drainage system as follows: • Part 1. With all fixtures connected, and all tub and shower drains plugged, fill the system with water to the rim of the toilet bowl through a higher fix- ture. Release all trapped air, replace tub and shower plugs, backfill fix- tures, and allow the system to stand at least 15 minutes. Check for leaks. Drain the system. If leaks are found, repair and retest. • Part 2. Plug all fixtures, sinks, showers, and tubs and fill with water. Re- lease the water in all fixtures simultaneously to obtain the maximum pos- sible drain piping flow. As water is draining, check for leaks. If any are found, repair and retest. 4. Connect to outlet. Connect the main drain line to the site sewer/septic hook- up, using an approved elastomer coupling (Figure 65). i // Choosing glues. Use only solvents and glues com- patible with the pipe (ABS or PVC). Follow manufac- turer's instructions. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 60 STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF If the home has a tag unit, complete roofing for this unit now. The process for complet- ing the roof is different for flush and offset roofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- ate section below. FLUSH ROOFS For flush roofs, complete roofing along the marriage line and at the valley line as fol- lows (see Figure 43): 1 /9/2009 9:22 AM 4-48 PG. 1) Figure 41. Triple -section -roof-connection Method-1- - See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- dum for Triplewide homes for Figure 42. Triple -section roof connection Method 2 49 M to M to Shingle Underlayment Instal Flashing Flat Over Joint Figure 43. Tag unit flush roof connection 1/15/09 Fastener See Skyline Corporation Manufactured Home Adden- Tag Unit Main Unit dum for Triplewide homes for additional information Marriage line Method 1: Install metal flashing (minimum 30 ga x minimum 6" wide) over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof. Secure the flashing to the roof decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a one inch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks. Space fasteners maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing. Overlap seams in the metal by at least two inches. After flashing is complete, install shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 47). Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factory installed under- layment a minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 47). Valley line Along the bottom of the valley, shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing, overlap the tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose, install the roll roofing at the valley, lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either by interweav- ing them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. OFFSET ROOFS If there is a gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less than two inches, fold up the main unit dormer fascia, slide the underlayment and flash- ing from the tag unit roof behind the fascia, and bend the fascia back down and secure into sub -fascia with metal screws (Figure 44). Skyline 50 1/15/09 STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES Connect water lines inside the floor through access panels or below the bottom board as follows: WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH PANELS 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping caps from ends of water lines. 3. Pull lines. Pull water lines through holes in rim joist. If holes are not provided, drill round holes in the center of the rim joist, with a maximum diameter of one third the rim joist depth (Figure 61). 4. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using provided connector fit- tings (do not use lubricants or sealants). Connect non -threaded water lines using provided fittings and cement, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting (a short connector pipe may be provided to bridge the gap between sections). 5. Test. Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor. Securely replace insulation and access panels. WATER LINES DROPPED BELOW BOTTOM BOARD 1. Remove caps. Remove protective shipping caps from ends of pipes and make sure pipe ends are clean and smooth. 2. Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using flexible pipe or a rigid connector line (if provided) and connector fittings (do not use lubricants or sealants). Connect non -threaded water lines, pipe, and elbows with cement provided, inserting pipe to full depth of each fitting (Figure 62). 3. Test. Test connections for leaks. 4. Protect pipes. Wrap water lines with insulation and bottom board shipped loose with home or otherwise protect to prevent freezing. Tape bottom board using tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided) and staple with 7/16" x 1/2" staples at four inches o.c. around bottom board using a divergent (stitch) stapler or equivalent. If heat tape is used it must be listed for manufac- tured home use and be installed in compliance with manufacturer instructions. �— Marriage Line Supply Side (Side With Water Heater) j Receiving Side Direction of Row —> Cap to Be Removed on Site Protective Cap Water Line and Elbows Shipped Loose to be Added on Site 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) i z/ Applying cement. Follow cement manufacturers in- structions with respect to application and drying time. Allow cement to fully cure before filling pipes with wa- ter. Figure 61. Waterline cross- over with access panels i // Choosing cement type. Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ from the cement used for the DWV system. Figure 62. Waterline cross- over through bottom board 59 BE HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 and re -attach the access panel (Figure 58 for marriage walls and Figure 59 for wiched between studs partitions and end walls). when the sections are pulled together. Connect Wires Figure 58. Inside marriage at Junction Box, wall crossover connection Receptacle, or -- -- — — --- =� Optional r Access � Panel Figure 59. Inside partition or Endwall Access to Junction Endwall end wall electrical crossover Side'A' Box -Inside Flome Side'B' connection — — — — — I I WireoPr lnstafled Marriage Line STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded, electrically bond all chasses to- gether as follows (Figure 60): 1. Find lugs. Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. 2. Attach wire. If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wire (#8 minimum bare copper wire) from one side of the home and connect it to the lug provided on the opposing side using the provided paint penetrating star washer, tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Line Rear Outrigger at , L#8 Min. Copper ',,_Soldedess Lug Each Marriage Line Ground Win: Half of Home 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided, attach the pro- vided four -inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two #8 x 3/4" self -tapping metal screws (one screw each side). Figure 60. Electrical bonding of multi -section homes HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 Main Unit Roof (Shingles Not Fadoryantalled Flashing ---- -Shown on Main Unuttbr Clarity) Ddp Fdge Underlayment Carried Up Into Donner SuMFasda Fascia Fasda Main Unit Dorms Factory -lost Flas hirg Shingle - - _ — — - -- _ _ _ — — = Shingles -- Undedayment Urderlayment — Distance Between Main Unit Donner and Tag Unit Roof May Underlayment Over Roiled Vary (Min, a" to Max of 21 Unit Roofing Carried Up Into Ragof Dormer Sub -Fascia MIn.3" Tag Unit Truss •" Main Unit Dormer Truss If the gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof is two inches or more, bend up the inside corner trim at the dormer overhang and main unit sidewall, fold up the factory installed flashing on the tag unit roof, fold the inside corner trim back down, and secure into dormer wall with metal screws (Figure 45) Fascia Roof Decking — '--' Main Unit Shingles Metal Flashing (or Top Course of Vinyl Siding) Roof Docking Tag Unit Fastener STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS Siding necessary to complete the exterior has been provided with the home. Follow the siding manufacturer's instructions (found on or with the packaging or as an addendum to this manual) and to complete the exterior siding as follows: 1. Remove shipping protection. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls. 2. Complete crossovers. Complete any crossover connections in the walls, in- cluding: electrical, stereo speaker, doorbell, telephone, and intercom wires. 3. Install siding. Fasten siding only at stud locations, avoiding electrical wires that are present in the walls. 4. Install close-up of strips. If siding has been installed on the end walls at the factory, fasten close-up strips securely along both edges and seal the edges with a waterproof sealant. 5. Install trim. Install any matching trim required to complete the installation. 6. Seal penetrations. With a waterproof sealant, seal any penetrations in the siding that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. Figure 44. Tag unit roofing connection with less than two inch height difference Figure 45. Tag unit offset roof connection i // Covering the HUD label. Do not cover the HUD label on the exterior of the home. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove temporary shipping protection from walls before installing sid- ing or serious moisture damage may result. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 58 51 og Conforms to Conforms to HUD MHCSS HUD MHCSS Connect Crossovers 1115/09 1/15/09 location or shipped loose with the home. This chapter covers crossover connections between units of multi -section homes, including ducts and electrical, water, asket Figure 55. Electrical cross - waste, gas, telephone, and cable TV connections. over floor wires with flush r r Hole Through Rim Joist access panels Follow the Stepsbelow: - r r STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS (p. 52) Junction Box or _ IfJoists Are Notched, Steel Protectors May Snap -Connector Be Provided With the Home STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS (p. 56) Panel May STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING (p. 58) I_Access 1 Be Provded Figure 56. Floor electrical crossover wires with F — bumped -out access panel STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES (p. 59) J STEP 5. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT LINES (p. 60) 1 . 'STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES (p. 61) J r d'on Box a sreP Comecta Protective cbyer (If Not Provided, Patch Bdtam STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND CABLE TV WIRING (p. 62) STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS There are three main types of duct crossover connections. Based on the location of the duct, follow the installation steps on the page indicated below: • Under the floor (p. 52). • In the roof cavity (p. 54). • In floor, through -the -rim joist (p. 54) To prevent air leakage, seal all ductwork connections, including duct collars using one or more of the following materials: • Galvanized metal straps in combination with galvanized sheet metal screws. • For rigid air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181A. • For flexible air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181 B. UNDER FLOOR FLEXIBLE CROSSOVER DUCT When heating or cooling equipment is installed in the home, the flexible crossover duct is provided by the manufacturer. In all cases the crossover duct must be listed for exte- rior use. There are four common configurations of under floor crossover ducts depending on the number of home sections and the furnace/air handler location. See Table 18 to locate the appropriate figure. TABLE 18. UNDER FLOOR DUCT CONFIGURATIONS Furnace location Two home sections Three home sections Furnace over trunk duct See Figure 46 See Figure 48 Furnace offset from trunk duct See Figure 47 See. Figure49 i // Qualified personnel. Use only qualified personnel to make crossover connec- tions. Consult the LAHJ for licensing or any additional crossover connection re- quirements. Access for service. When- ever possible maintain ac- cess to connection areas for future maintenance. Make tight connections. Permanent, durable, and tight crossover duct con- nections are critical to the proper performance of the home. Leaky ducts can re- sult in severe moisture problems in the home, dis- comfort from rooms not re- ceiving the proper amount of conditioned air, and high utility bills from wasted heating and/or cooling en- ergy. Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM 52 Method 2: Junction box with conduit 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes are not exposed, access them inside the floor by cutting the bottom board or by removing the access panel(s). Remove the junction box covers. 2. Connect wires. If wire is coiled inside one junction box, insert it into provided flexible conduit and pass it under the rim joists to the opposing box and make the connection as described above. If no coiled wire is provided, install pro- vided ship -loose conduit with wire making connections in both boxes (Figure 57). 3. Cover boxes. Replace and secure covers on junction boxes. 4. Seal floor. Replace any displaced insulation and replace access panel or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). Variation to Method 2: A junction box may be installed only on one side with the other side containing conduit behind an access panel. Bring the conduit to other side and make one connection in the junction box. casket Figure 57. Under the rim joist electrical crossover connection with conduit Junction Box (May Be under Wire For Crossover or Alongside Floor Joist ay Be Coiled Inside Jundion Box lexble Conduit WALL CROSSOVERS p g Connect electrical, phone, cable television, and stereos Baker wires in marriage walls and/or partition and end walls. Avoid damaging crossover If access panels into the marriage walls are not provided, then the connection should wires. Carefully fold mar - have been made prior to bringing the home sections together. If access panels are riage wall crossover wires provided in marriage, end or partition walls, remove the panels, join the wires as so they stay within a single described above using the provided snap -connector, junction box, or at a receptacle, bay and are not sand- 1 /9/2009 ne 57 STEP-2-.—CONNECT-ELECTRICAL-CROSSOVERS Multi -section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s) along the marriage line(s). JOINING WIRES junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover location. These will be coded for identification. Connect snap connectors according to the connector manufacturer's installation instructions, including fastener requirements. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows (Figure 54): Pull wires. Pull circuit wires into the junction box, sliding them through a romex con- nector and secure snugly. (Figure 54) Do not over -tighten. 1. Strip wires. Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. 2. Connect wires. Connect wires together matching like colors, using appropri- ately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or cover plate(s), if metal. Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or 20-amp circuits, or a single 240-volt appliance circuit. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal) screws. vedPlasic btal Bar rypi-9 PerType ed (rypi 4 Single 15 or 20 AMP Circuit Double 15 or 20 AMP Circuits FLOOR CROSSOVER When making electrical connection(s) in the floor, use one of the wiring options de- scribed below: Method 1: Access panel 1. Access wires. Find the crossover location(s) and remove the access panel(s) if attached. If access panel openings are not provided, cut through bottom board to expose the wiring (Figure 55). 2. Route wires. Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim joist or if there is a single bumped -out access panel as in Figure 56, then un- der the rim joists. If holes or notches have not been provided and there is no bumped -out access panel, drill maximum one -inch diameter hole(s) half -way up the rim joists on each home section, making sure the holes align and feed the wire through the hole. 3. Connect wires. Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s) as de- scribed above. 4. Secure wires. Secure wires with staples to adjacent joists or studs within eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). 5. Install smash plates. For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protec- tors (smash plates). 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re -install access panels and/or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). The access panel(s) may be temporarily installed near the crossover DnForms to JD MHCSS 1/15/09 i A / Use qualified electricians. performed by a qualified electrician and comply with the 2005 NEC. Disconnect power. Turn off power to the home before making connections. Proper use of GFCI cir- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupted (GFCI) circuits are connected to the proper GFCI protected circuits from the power supply. Figure 54. Types of junction box wiring connections 240V Appliance circuit i , // Using snap connectors. Do not use oversized nails or drive nail heads into snap connectors. Some connec- tors are designed for one- time use only — a new con- nector must be used if they become separated. Protect cables. Cover all cables with conduit or other suitable weather -resistant and protective material. 56 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 1/9/2009 9:22 AM A Section Heat Dud - --- .u"a Field -Installed Flex Duct A Section Heat Du Tap -Out Collar Field -Installed Flex Dud Heat Dud — Tap -Out Collar — Field -Installed Flex Dud Conf/prms to D HUD MHCSS 1/15/09 __—FurnacelAir_ Handler B Section I I Furnace /Air Furnace / Air Hmnriler — — .. Flex Dud Support Straps B Section Flex Duct SupportStraps "T-Box Under Furnace A Section Furnace /Air B Section C Section I I I I I Handler l� I I I I I Heat Dud Tap -Out Collar Field -Installed Flex Dud Under Furnace _-�­FlexDuct SupportStraps For under floor flexible crossover ducts follow the steps below: 1. Locate collars. Locate the metal crossover collars (or V-box) connected to the main trunk duct (or furnace) under the home and remove temporary ship- ping protection. 2. Install inner duct. Slide the crossover duct inner liner over the crossover col- lar/V-box as far as it will go. Temporarily fasten the inner liner in place with duct tape. Install a large nylon zip -tie over the inner liner just above the "ridge" around the crossover collar/V-box. Apply mastic completely over inner liner and collar/V-box (alternately, the mastic may be applied to the collar/V-box prior to sliding the duct inner liner over it). 3. Connect duct insulation. Bring the duct insulation up over the zip -tie and above the home's bottom board into the floor cavity. Temporarily duct tape it against the base of the trunk duct/V-box. 4. Pull duct wrap. Pull the crossover duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- tion and temporarily secure it to the trunk duct/V-box with duct tape. 5. Install zip -tie. Feel for the nylon zip -tie that was installed over the inner liner. Place another nylon zip -tie just under the first one to permanently secure the crossover duct insulation and outer wrap. 6. Trim duct. Trim the crossover duct to length such that the installed duct will be straight with no kinks or unnecessary bends. 7. Connect other end. Follow the same procedure (steps 1 through 5) to con- nect the opposite end of the crossover duct and any other crossover ducts. 8. Seal joints. Seal the joints between the bottom board and the crossover duct with foam or mastic. 9. Support duct. Support the crossover duct(s) above the ground using nylon or galvanized metal straps and saddles spaced every 48 inches o.c. or less. 1/9/2009 9:22 AM Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 46. Furnace over tions Figure 47. Furnace offset from trunk duct, two home sections Figure 48. Furnace over trunk duct, three home sec- tions Figure 49. Furnace offset from trunk duct, three home sections Securing the crossover. Between Step 5 and Step 6, drill three or more 1/16 inch holes an equal distance around and just below the bottom edge of the nylon zip -tie. Install #12 pan head screws in these holes, through the flexible duct and into the metal crossover collar/V- box. The screw heads should be against the zip - tie. Cover exposed metal. Completely cover all ex- posed metal connectors with insulation. Apply seal- ants and tapes only to sur- faces that are dry and free 53 Choose straps at least 1/2 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- rals. Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. ROOF CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT For ducts installed in the roof cavity, follow the steps below: 1. Access duct. Access the crossover location through an access panel in the roof and remove any temporary shipping protection. 2. Join ducts. Using the provided flexible duct, join the distribution boxes in each section of the home as shown in Figure 50, cutting off any extra duct length to keep the duct as straight as possible. The duct is connected to one side of the home. 3. Fasten ducts. At each connection point between ducts and between ducts and distribution boxes or connectors, secure the inner duct liner with a nylon strap, apply mastic completely over the connection area, pull the duct insula- tion and outer liner over the connection area, and secure them with a second nylon strap. 4. Reinstall panel. Reinstall and secure the access panel. IN THE FLOOR CROSSOVER DUCT Where one or more crossover ducts are built into the home's floor system, connect them either through (note openings in rim joists) or under (note access panels in bot- tom board) the rim joist depending on the design of the home. Method 1: Flex duct through rim joist Connect flex ducts that pass through the rim joist (Figure 51) as follows: 1. Access duct. From underneath the home, cut through the bottom board and part the floor insulation to access the duct. 2. Extend duct. Extend the flex duct from the side of the home with the furnace through the rim joist opening and connect it to the opposing duct using the provided splicing collar. 3. Connect duct. Connect the ducts using the procedure for joining under floor flexible crossover ducts (p. 52). 4. Seal bottom board. Move the floor insulation back to its original location and seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). Marriage Line oft— I Splicing Collar Rim Joist Flooring Decking T 1'T1—r -r—r- I I I I I I I I I Flexible Dud Bottom Board Area �® Conforms to HUD MHCSS 3/19/09 of dust, dirt, and grease. Avoid ground contact. In- stalled crossover ducts must not be in contact with the ground. Unobstructed airflow. Ex- cess length, kinks and bends in the crossover duct will restrict airflow and de- grade the home's HVAC system performance. Figure 50. Duct crossover located in the roof cavity i , // Additional marriage line support. If the duct runs through the marriage line rim joist, and perimeter blocking is required, a pe- rimeter pier is required un- der the marriage wall at the crossover location or un- less the home is con- structed with a perimeter support system. Figure 51. In -floor duct with flex duct connection though the rim joist (shown with peri- meter frame system) 54 Skyline Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) 3/18/20091:25:27 39c14"i eacsi Wti to 1/15/09 Method 2: Gasketed Type through the rim joist With a through -the -rim joist design, the duct in each floor section terminates at an opening in the marriage line rim joist. Fixed through -the -rim crossovers employing a marriage line gasket such as in Figure 52 were completed in Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 4. CHECK MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 38) and require no additional work here._ 63 SPF W rall. Not requdmd wn Dual Quad or Integral Floor units. Under the rim joist In this configuration, flexible crossover ducts from adjoining sections pass through the floor and dip under the rim joist at the marriage line where they are joined (Figure 53). Pull each pair of ducts through the openings provided in the bottom board, under the marriage line rim joist and connect them using the provided splicing collar and the pro- cedure for joining under floor flexible crossover ducts (p. 52) or the duct manufacturer instructions if provided. ne Corporation (4-48 PG. 1) Figure 52. In -floor duct with gasket between halves. Figure 53. In -floor duct with flex duct crossover under the rim joist