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CONSTUCTION MANUAL
OUT ^'9 ST, !uein ceunlyf p111111 lllp _ Clilon Built® SCANNED BY St. Lucie County f krzpsa - �* �iC' arcrc, .ayg�G��f&i., r— �j' , - - cis} .:'s '� ., 1st•.-_'".!�•+. rr = ■���\1■r��`■�.y= �' ZY_„ �0Y Lr,, Revised June 2018 Using the Manual This manual is organized into a series of steps that will take you through the entire installation process using only those pages required for the specific home being installed. First, review the entire manual, including the Introduction chapter. As you read it identify sections of the manual that you will need; identify other documents or information you will need; construct lists of tools and materials required for your particular installation; and make sure you have everything you need before starting work. After reviewing the entire manual, refer to the sequence of installation steps in the table below. Identify the pathway for your installation and follow the arrows downward. Select either Single Section Home or a Multi -Section Home and choose the col- umn corresponding to the home's.foundation type, either Pier and Ground.Anchor or Load -Bearing Perimeter Wall (see Def- initions, p. 6). Then complete the work in each of the sections starting with Getting Started. If using an altemative (proprietary) foundation system; the installation process will change from that described in this manual. Consult the system manufacturers directions for instructions. See page 8 for alternative foundation system criteria. LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Descriptionn Pagp No. Figure No. Description, Page No. -s Figure i, ; `, Supporting a home for,displayz c 9 :' ._ _ ...,.a I figure 29'ti `—Tnple SecBon`Roof Camechort Method 1 m58= __- ....... __ .., Figure 2. Sample Data. Plate 10 Figure 30 Triple Section Roof Connection Method 2 58 {nd Zone MaP_. �' ' `,'� ?t Z'gf d FUm4,Flush Roof Conneehon' µ.'. 59 , .i Figure Thermal (Ub) Map 12 Figure 32 Tag Unit Roofing Connection wAess than 59 ' - two inch height difference 'r�; F7gur®3As _Humid aM FringaClun.Mo Map�,1Z mm s ,Flguro 33.E _Tag UniOgsat Roo} Gonnechon Figure 3B Roof Load Map 13� Figure 34 Furnace OvecTmnk Duct, Two Home 61 Sections _ Figure 4-0 Grown the soil under (tie, home 16 �F(gure34A Fuma Q Beet Isom Trunk duct Two r 82` µ Figure 5 Direcfmnoff away from the home .16 Figure 3413 Furnace Over Trunk Duct, Three Home 6 Sections Figure 5`A' 3F, ost Protection Map ;� p x19d ° Figuro 34C F mace Offset from Tmnk Duct r , Figure 8 Typical poim load support locations 20 Figure 35 Duct Crossover Located in the Roof . ... Cavity mP.-- pl a' "'n r r,}r�'--s.-..+Nm _ ,�Flgure7 Ty�kalgiotloa¢supporticatronsl - s+ - — cr ^r •-^�- s -:. Figur�36, Nfloor4uotConnectio8throughRim '" € a ^ ' Jolef Wlq Metal Sleeved r Figure 8 Typical support locations not requir- 23 Figure 37 In -floor Duct with Crossover Using Metal inn nwrimemr n��nnen� I Sleeve Figure 9 Typical support locations requiring 26 Flitwe 11 Maximum fooling extensions 33 Figure_12PerimeterSupports Figure 13 Cross Beam Installation 36 w Flguro 14 Flate a S 36 Figure 15 Safety Cribbing 39 a Figure 16. K Frame_Pfer ConsWd6on a„ - �42- Figure 17 Correct Shim Placement 42 F19ure_s 16� or FloConnection-w_ `t45-53 Figures 19 Wall Connections 45-53 Figgure ?A IC "umns j Figure 21 Tag Unit Offset Floor Connection 54 Figure 22 Tag Ua8 W Ito Connection ,. 54 r Figure 23 Tag Unit F, lush Roof Connection 55 i Figure 241,yt TaOGgUeonnecf n 55 ' Flgtrra 25 Shingle Installation at Ridge 56 _ Flgura 18,4 Shingle Fasteners for WZ 1 and II 5_6 Figure.27 Shingle Curt In To Thirds 67' 57 Figure 39 Electrical Crossover Floor Wires w/Flush 6 Access Panels _ a P w, flguro4Q Floos Electrical Crossover Wues+ 8 a, „U Q wBomped-out AaessPanels , y,Mx f _ Fig. ro 41 Under the Rim Joist Electrical Crossover �• fill Connection with Conduit Fi ure' g er n-, 9 InsideMarna Marriage '6fi r, .. .... .. .. ,_ _. Figure 43 Inside Partition or Endwall Electrical 66 Crossover Connection Fiore 44 Etectrical Bonding of MuW Section ''' 67 Figure 45 Water Line Crossover w/Access Panel 67 Figure 45 ; Watertine Cro over_thm Bottom Board, �:{*f 68 Figure 47 Drain Crossover Connection 69 Figure48 69 Figure 49 DWV Connection to Sewer/Septic 70 Flguro 60DWV.Pipe Suppo_rtD_pbons �� �� `v`70�' Figure 51 Gas Crossover Connection 71 Figure52 Typcce Anchor Locatloni fora Doublei 75 ` Section Home in WZ I Figure 53 Typical Anchor Locations for a Double 75 Section Home in WZ II and III Figures 54 Frame Tie Down Configuration ,. a 77 Figure 55 In -Line Anchor Configuration 90 Figure 80 T Stabilize r Plate Configu it' " „ _ 90 Figure 57. Anchor and Stabilizer Plate Location 91 Figuro°-58` Radius Of A: _ , na • u' 92 LIST OF FIGURES (cont.) Figure No. Description Page No. Figure No. Description page No. Figure 59 Tie Down Strap Splice 92 •Figure 69 Whole House Ventilation Flesi Duct '104 figure 60 Illap tb Beal» Connection 92` Figure 70- Figure 61 • Procedure for Connecting the Strap _ 93 Figure 71 Ducts Connecting Exterior Heating 105 to Frame and Anchor and/or Coding Equipment to Home -: .. Fl ui6 6 -.amme ,- "ArvrhnrAHA�ia. �Lunaihrdinaf Fr V3' Fl9ufe 72 f�Afhec flrvnrlrenlilarnn h�rluine4 ,.. =ari °aanF i` Marriage Line Tie Down Conpec- .94 Bons Electrical Feeder Connection When —°,95 Meter is seta Post or Pote : _ - _ . Figure 6s Meter Base Wiring when the Meter .97 is on the Fame Fjgure 66 Water Syste C mctwn _ mm „ _ - 98; Figure 67 Water Heater Drip Pan and Drain 99 LIST OF TABLES Figure 73 _,_Chimney and Combustion Air. Intake „� 107 Duct Installation Flgu�e 74 Ch coney Clearance •107 s t p Figure 75 Roof Flashing and Shingle Installation 108 Around Chimney Figure 78k*�' {error Lighhng'ConnecGon,a �rm m° Figure 77 Wiring for Ceiling Fan or Chain -Hung- T_0109 110 Light w/maximum Weight Table No. Description Page No. ` Table 1 Wind Zone by Locality `*• If _ ^ ,. a m Table 2 Humid and Fringe Climate Zones 12 �,Table3 Roof Loads by Locality 13s _ Table 4 Soil Bearing Capacity by Soil Type 18 R 'Tables _PointyLoad on Footings at MaznageLme Openings p 22 23 Table 6 Load on Frame Pier Footings for Homes Not Re- 24-25 quiring Perimeter Blocking Except at Openings Table 7 Load. 9p Frame Pier Footings for. Homes Requinng1,127 30 ' ° Perimeter Blockin T Table 8 Footing Materials 30 .a Tables Pierr Confi und eion 31'' Table 10 Footing Dimensions 32 Table 10A Footing Thickness ,„33' 4v~ _ Table 11 Pier Material Minimum Specifications 41�m _Table_12_ Pier Constructio_n__ Table 13 Floor Connection Fastening Specifications 45.63 Table 14 Maximum Strap Spacing _ 45.53_ Table 15 Strap Fastening Minimum Specifications 45.53 .Table16 ,:Under Floor Duct Conti raLt ns _ r '61--" _ Table 17 Anchor Location Types 74 Table 18 WZ I F_ramcTte_down Quantities 78-81 Table 19 WZ II Frame Tiedown Quantities �82.85 Table 20 W2111 FrameTedown Quantties, _ Table 21 WZ I Longitudinal Frame Tiedown Quantities 87 Table 22 WZIILongitudinal Frame Quanhhes MTledown Table 23 WZ III Longitudinal Frame Tiedown Quantities 88 �Tabla24 Anchor Lpcahon T�rpas_ +_ -.-> 89�_„� Table 25 Anchor System Materials Specifications _.,. 90 . Table 26 Electrical Feeder Wire and Equipment Sizea for _ 96,<� Copper'Conductors Table 27 Skirting and Ventilation Specifications 113 Table'L8_`� Eotindatio�Venblation . "` s 3 °113 - Appendix Description Page No. A OPEN B Cooling Equipment Sizing Guidelines - -'� D Hinged Roof - Others..;°`a Plant SPenSgcCAddendulp Pages ,- I A Please refer to Appendix for any plant specific details that may supplement or supercede Information listed in the following installation manual. The following is a list of revisions to this manual since the 2017 version: Page 17 - revised the third bullet point discussing the water table Page 18 - revised frost line requirements and added Table 4A Page 24 - added statement to allow interpolation for Tooter tables Page 30 - revised Appropriate Use for ABS plastic in Table 8 Page 31 - increased pier capacities without mortar Page 32 - shaded chart to easily identify round footer capacities Page 33 - revised Fig. 11 to include allowance for footings exceeding the maximum extension Page 41 - revised note on spacers and increased pier capacities without mortar Page 63 - Eliminated pier requirement under in -floor crossover duct Page 96 - added 125 amp and 150 amp options in Table 26 Page 98 - revised wording in Step 2 Note 4 Connect Valve All pages containing a chart or table were revised to reduce the dark shading in order to increase the legibility of these pages. Introduction This installation manual contains instructions that must be followed for the proper installation of the home. It complies with the HUD Installation Standards. Please read all instructions and any other documents (including addendum pages and supplements) that may apply to the specific home prior to commencing site work or installation. This installation manual covers permits and site work through final inspection of the installation. It covers both single and multi -section homes installed over pier and anchor and load bearing crawl space walls. It contains instructions, including specifications and procedures, for the set and hookup of homes to be used as single-family dwellings. No manual can cover all circumstances that may exist for certain home designs or building sites. For questions, further clarification or if you encounter conditions at the site or in the design of the home or its foundation not covered by this ma- nual, please contact the manufacturer, a registered engineer or registered architect. Supplemental addendum pages may be included with this manual. Supplements include requirements not covered in this manual or that supercede the manual instructions. Once the home installation is complete, leave this manual with the home. IMPORTANT NOTICES • The home manufacturer is not responsible for installation or for the materials supplied by the set-up crew at the time of installation. The installer may be responsible for any deviations from the installation instructions of this manual. • To keep the home in compliance with its warranty, the home installation must follow the procedures described in this manual or other procedures approved by the manufacturer. Deviation from the instructions in this manual may void the home's warranty. Any alterations or changes to the home shall be approved by a registered engi- neer or registered architect and may still be subject to warranty violations. • When an installer does not provide support and anchorage in accordance with the approved manufacturer's in- stallation instructions, or encounters site conditions (such as areas that are subject to flood damage or high seismic risk) or other conditions that prevent the use of the instructions provided in this manual, the installer must obtain special site -specific instructions from the manufacturer or use a design approved by a registered engineer or registered architect. Designs provided by registered professional engineers or registered architects must also be approved by the manufacturer and DAPIA. Alternative support and anchorage designs may be used which are state approved and acceptable to the local authority having jurisdiction. SAFETY There are potential hazards associated with the installation of a manufactured home. Home installers are licensed and, as experienced professionals, should recognize these hazards, be qualified to work with them, and be capable of providing safe work practices and equipment that minimize the risks of injury. Only qualified persons should install a manufactured home. The installer must possess a valid installation license as a manufactured home installer. As qualified professionals in the field of home installation, installers are the experts and must be aware of the hazards and conditions faced. Warnings are published throughout this manual as reminders. These reminders may not cover all hazards, all potential hazards, or all possible consequences of improper or unsafe installation practices. Construction crews should be trained in the skills required and be supervised by experienced personnel. Installers should regularly inspect work preformed by crews and subcontractors. Obey OSHA regulations, particularly those related to home construction, such as Title 29 Code of Regulations Part 1926. For copies of OSHA regulations, call (202) 512-1800 or visit www.osha.aov on the web. RESOURCES Affairs and Manufactured 451 Seventh Street, SW, Room 9164 Washington, DC 20410-8000 Telephone: (202) 708-6423 or (800) 927-2891 FAX: (202) 70BA213 State Administrative Agencies A list of SA'As may be found on the web at www.hud.novlofficesfhsglsfhlmhslmhssaa.cfm or by contacting the Of- fice of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing or in the Homeowners Manual. FEDERAL PREEMPTION This home was engineered, constructed and inspizled in conformance with the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (24 CFR Part 3280, commonly referred to as the "HUD Code") in effect on the date of construction. These Standards set forth minimum requirements for the de- sign and construction of manufactured homes designed to be used as dwellings. Individual states, counties and cities shall have no authority to establish standards regarding the construction or safety of - a manufactured home. A metal certification label is affixed to each section of the home to certify that it has been con- structed and inspected to comply with these Standards. The design plans and In -plant construction of all homes are in- spected by independent third party agencies to -assure compliance with the Standards. The installation of the home and any alterations made to the home shall conform to the requirements of the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards and the HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards. These installation instructions are minimum requirements. Applicable local or state laws may have more stringent installa- tion requirements than outlined in this manual and must be followed. Consult with the local authority having jurisdiction (LAHJ) for regulations that may require licenses and/or permits or which may affect procedures described in this manual.. DEFINITIONS ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. Any device or other means designed to transfer home anchoring loads to the ground. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT. Ties,straps, cables, turnbuckles, chains, and other approved'components, including tension- ing devices that are used to secure a home to anctior assemblies. ANCHORING SYSTEM. A combination of anchoring equipment and'anchor assemblies that will, when properly designed' and installed, resist the uplift, overturning,, and lateral forces on the home. BASEMENT. A load bearing perimeter wall foundation that Includes habitable space (finished or unfinished, heated or unhealed) completely or partially below grade. CONCRETE ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home anchoring tension loads from straf to concrete foundation or slab system. . CRAWLSPACE. The space underneath the home's floor system, enclosed with either load- or non -load bearing perimeter walls. The ground may be covered with a concrete slab or by a plastic ground cover: Crawlspace walls must be vent- ed and an access must be provided. CROSSOVERS. Utility interconnections between sections of multi -section homes, including heating and cooling ducts, electrical circuits, and water pipes, drain plumbing, and gas lines. DATA PLATE. An information sheet located on a cabinet door under the kitchen sink or on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, utility room or in the master bedroom closet. It contains a unique Identification number and identi- fies the wind zone, roof load zone, and climatic zone for which the home was constructed. DIAGONAL TIE. A tie intended to resist horizontal or shear forces, but which may resist vertical, uplift, and overturning forces. FOOTING. That portion of the support system that transmits load's directly to the soil. GROUND ANCHOR. A specific anchoring assembly device designed to transfer home loads to the ground. H-BEAM. Steel H-beams, also called cross beams, are often used to support a home over a basement or crawlspace. They span across the foundation from sidewall to sidewali, typically with an intermediate support pier and footing (typ- ically in the center point resulting in a line of piers under the centerline of a double section home). INFORMATION PACKET. A set of important documents provided with the home including warranties, information on high wind coverage, and other features of the specific home. h INSTALLATION LICENSE. The proof that an installer meets the requirements for installing manufactured tiomes under the HUD -administered installation program, ' LABELED. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a certified testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation. The label indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a specified manner.' ' LISTED OR CERTIFIED. Included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection.of production of listed equip- ment or materials, and whose listing slates either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized stand- ards or has been tested and found suitable for use In a specified manner. LOAD-13EARING PERIMETER WALL FOUNDATION. A support system for the home whereby the home is machanicaily fastened to a structural wall(s) that transfers gravity, lateral and uplift toads to the ground. LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (LAHJ). The stale, city, county, municipality, utility, or organization that has local responsibilities that must be complied with during the installation of a'rhartrdactuted home. ` MUST. Indicates a mandatory "requirement. " NIA. indicates not applicable. " PIER. That portion of the support system between the footing and the home, exclusive of shims, Types of piers include, but are not limited to: (1) manufactured steel stands; (2) pressure -treated wood; (3) manufactured concrete stands; (4) concrete blocks; and (5) portions of foundatioh-walls. ' PIER AND GROUND ANCHOR FOUNDATION. A support system for the home that employs p' rs under the chassis and other locations to support,gravity loads and employs ground anchors and lie downs (the stabilizing system) to resist lateral and uplift loads. PERIMETER BLOCKING. Regularly spaced piers supporting the sidewalls and marriage line of the home. Some homes require perimeter blocking in addition to supports under the home's frame. QUALIFIED (OR LICENSED): Has the necessary knowledge and skills gained from experience and training that will allow performance of the job safely, competently, and in accordance with all applicable coded, standards, rules and regular lions. Meets all necessary qualification tests including.any license and certification requirements that may be in effect in the area where the home will be installed, including the requirements for installing manufactured homes under the HUD -administered installation program. The term does not incorporate a slate -issued installation license or certifica- tion, except to the extenl'provided in this part. The term does not imply that HUD approVes'or recommends ah install- er or warrants the work of an installer, and should not be used in any way that indicates•HUD, approval in violation of, 18 U.S.C. 709. . , RAMADA. Any freestanding roof or shade structure, installed or erected over a home or any portion of the home. SHOULD. Indicates a recommendation that is strongly advised but not mandatory. SHALL. Indicates a mandatory, requirement. SITE "FOR A HOME. A designated parcel of land designed for the accommodation of one'home, its accessory, buifdings or structures, and accessory equipment, for the exclusive dse of the occupants of the home.: SKIRTING. A weather -resistant material used to enclose the perimeter, under the living araa of the home, from the bottom of the home to grade. c STABILIZING SYSTEM. All components of the anchoring and support systems, such as piers, footings, ties, anchoring equipment, ground anchors, or any other materials and rnelhods of construction that support and secure the home to the ground. SUPPORT SYSTEM. Pilings, columns, a combination of footings, piers, foundation walls, caps, and shims and any cam- j bination thereof that will, when properly installed, sdpport and secure the home to the ground. , . • I.- ' TIE. Straps, cable, or securing devices used to connect the home to anchoring assemblies.' UTILITY CONNECTION. The connection of the home to utilities that include, but are not Iirrfted to, electricity, water, slw-7. er, gas, or fuel oil. • - VERTICAL TIE. A tie intended to resist uplifting, and overturning forces. ' WIND ZONE. The areas designated on the Basic Wind Zone Map, as further defined in by the Manufactured Home Con- ' struction and Safety Standards ' , ENGINEER'S STAMP Certain pages of this manual, display the seal of a registered engineer. Federal guidelines only require the seal from one state to -be -displayed, butthe-details-hereinapply-to all states. _ — SYMBOLS USED IN THE MANUAL b?-r'Vzr' This icon indicates an important warning. It is critical to heed these warnings. This icon indicates a recommended best practice. While not required, following these practices will result in a superior installation, reducing the chance that cosmetic or dura- bility related complaints might arise. ABBREVIATIONS ABS Acrylonitrile Butadtene Styrene ANSI American National Standards Institute APA American Plywood Association ASTM American Society for Testing and Ma- terials AWPA American Wood Preservers Associa- tion CFM Cubic feet per minute CFR Code of Federal Regulations DWV Drain, Waste, Vent EMT Electrical metallic tubing FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency ft Foot/feet ga Gauge HUD US Department of Housing and Ur- ban Development in Inch(es) LAHJ Local Authority Having Jurisdiction Ib(s) Pound(s) max. Maximum MHCSS Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards min. Minimum mph Mile(s) per hour NEC National Electric Code NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NFPA National Fire Protection Association O.C. On center OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admin- istration oz Ounce(s) p. Page psf Pounds per square foot psi Pounds per square inch SAA State Administrative Agency sq ft Square foottfeet . ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION'SYSTEMS Alternative foundation systems or designs are permitted in accordance with the following: , • System designs are prepared by a registered engineer or a registered architect or tested and certified by a regis- tered engineer or registered architect in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and are manufactured and installed so as not to take the home out of compliance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. • An Alternative Foundation and/or Tiedown system design must be submitted to the manufacturer if it is not listed on the following website: www.ciaytonhomes.com. Click the Builders Resource tab at the lower right hand comer of the page to view all DAPIA approved Alternative Tiedown systems. Prior to obtaining an alternative de- sign contact the home building facility for available approved alternative designs or instructions for submitting an alternative design. - DISPLAY AND STORAGE OF THE HOME WEATHER PROTECTION If the installation is not started immediately upon delivery of the home, the retailer and/or installer has the responsibility to ensure the exterior weather protection covering of marriage walls and the roof of homes has not been damaged during shipment. Inspect the home immediately upon the delivery and frequently during storage. Promptly repair tears in the home closure materials to prevent damage from the elements. Inspect and repair nail holes in roof shingles with asphalt cement or replace damaged shingles. Inspect and repair siding as needed. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR DISPLAY When a new home is to be displayed at a retail location temporarily block and support the home. Set up homes with sin- gle block piers (maximum height per Table 9), metal piers or jack stands spaced no further apart than 12 feet o.c. beneath each I-beam. The tire and axle system may be used as one of these required supports, and the hitch jack may be used as another. Locate the first support no further than two feel from the rear end of the home (Figure 1). Place additional sup- ports along the perimeter on either side of openings greater than four feet (i.e. sliding glass doors, bay windows, etc.). For 18' wide homes, perimeter supports must also be spaced no further than 12 feet o.c. For multi section homes, locate additional sup pods along the marriage line under support columns. These locations will be marked by the manufacturer. Figure 1. Supporting a home for display r� 12!-W �' f -0 12'-0• it-01 -- t- t7-0• For all homes, place footings below each support. Footings may be placed directly on the surface grade without excava- tion and may be ABS pads, 2 x 10 by 16 inch long pressure treated lumber or 16" x 16" by 4 inch thick concrete pads. SUPPORTING A HOME FOR STORAGE To prevent damage to homes being stored at the manufacturer's facility, model home center or the home site, but not on display (i.e. people shall not be permitted inside the home) for a period exceeding 30 days, locate supports below each (- beam no further than two feet from each end of the home and at the approximate center of the home length. For 18' wide homes, perimeter supports must also be spaced no further than 12 feet o.c. Whether the home is being supported for display or storage the height of the home should be no higher than 48 inches as measured from the top of the ground to the bottom of the I-beam. In addition, it is extremely important that the roof/ridge vents are installed while the home is on display. Failure to install the roof/ridge vents may lead to significant dam_ _age to the roof and home. Getting Started -'This chaptercoversafewsteps-that,-taken-now,-wilfavoid-problems.lateunshe inst ation process. STEP 1. LOCATE THE DATA PLATE Locate the data plate inside the home (Figure 2), typically inside a kitchen cabinet door or on a wall panel or door face near the electrical panel, utility room or bedroom closet. , � r}} rnR The information on the data plate will be used to verify that the home was designed for the proper location. STEP 2. CONFIRM WIND ZONE From Table 1, identify the wind zone for the home. Verify that the home conforms to the following rules and any special requirements determined by the LAHJ. • No home may be located in a higher wind zone than that indicated on the da- ta plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II cannot be placed in Wind Zone III.) 4 • A home may be located in a lower wind zone than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Wind Zone II can be placed in either Wind Zone II or I.) When a home is located in a lower wind zone than indi- cated on the data plate it may be installed per the requirements of the lower wind zone. • Homes located within 1,500 feet of the coastline in Wind Zones II and III must be designed to withstand exposure'D' conditions. This will be indicated on the data plate. If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. To] Figure 2. Sample dataplate - shown as reference only, actual data plate may vary. TABLE 1. WIND 7CINF av I nr.Ai Iry WindZone=-I All areas except those areas listed below as being within Wind Zone It or III WlntfZone,ll Alabama Counties of Baldwin and Mobile Florida All countIes except chose Ilsted below as wthin".VJhId, Georgia Counties of Bryan, Camden, Chatham, Glynn, Liberty, McIntosh ' l.oulalana — Parishes of Acadia, Allen, Ascension Assumptioo'Calcasleu, GsrheronG;aniOron: EasteBaton R gge, East Felicia, _ 8vandeline, Iberia, Iberville, Jefferson Davis,.lafayette Lnirigs£gri Poigle`Coupee• St. keleha, SL Ja'ines,.St. John a . . the Baptist, St, Landry, St. Martin, St Tammany, Tsngipahoa, VenrllllontWash)ngton, WesEB2ton Rottggr and. _.......�.,._... , West.Feliciana -- - ....._......�:... ::.�sa.:z...m.:.L...;.:�.`a... Maine Counties of Hancock and Washington 'Maw ssaeMu5a4ts Counbes_of Ba�mstatife,n-,,,_y,,8rlatol, D s (Ja11'}ueket :and PJymouth `..• ��..� �,�-;.'. Mississippi Counties of George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pead River, and Stone FNorEhCmclfna Counties offiQufort,Brunswick Gemden,_•Ch woman Columb s,drraven Cumtuck,Jones;NowHanover„Onsipy3, Pamtdo;PasquotankPender Perquimans^Tyrr0ll;anCWa' South Carolina _ L Counties of Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Harry, Jasper, and Williamsburg To Coun�of Aransas; Brazor�, Galhpun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jetfetson; Kenedy, Kleberg, MafagoNa,' - _ - Nueces `_Oraitige RekgroySan Pahiolo and ilia Virginia Cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Princess Anne, and Virginia Beach =WfndZone'Ill . " Hawaii Entire state Al, ska,,,ny� Coa"staff regio (s dme,term[ned by y e" kotach on the ANSI%ASCE'?.88 rpae • =- _ Florida .m.„aA..�..�_.,...a•,.. ,.. Counties of Bmwanl, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Lee, Martin, Manatee, Monroe, Palm Beach, Pinellas, and Sarasota _ _Eouisiana � _ Padshesh of Jegerson �La Faurohe bdeans, P,l,�qu�e�n%nes;�fiard, SL Charles NSt. M�r� and Terre4nn�ne, •� .�. North Carolina Counties of Carteret, Dare, and Hyde =Other .. �^-- �AII regi0ps of the U.S."Territories -of AmentsbSamoa Guam, Northam Mariana tstands, Puerto Rico Thus} Temto- ��=ry of the.Flow Islanot:, anddhe t1n d,States Vvgrn Is)aeds, r W. PAT ( 1�..._.._..._l_.._...... 1 551 i......'... 1 ID OS_ I[ NE 5f i Ce AS i NO \ N j NtA UAAll STEP 3. CONFIRM THERMAL ZONE From Table 2, identify the thermal (l10) zone for the home. Verify that the home con- forms to the following rules. • No home may be located In an area with a higher thermal zone number than that Indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 cannot be placed in Thermal Zone 3.) Figure 2A. Wind zone map A home may be located in a lower thermal zone than that indicated on the da- - - - Lrlate—(Fxample�a home designed for Thermal Zone 2 may be placed in ei- ther Thermal Zone 2 or 1.). In no case may a home designated for installation in the "Humid & Fringe Climate," as identified on the data plate, be located outside of this region (Table 2). If the home does not conform to these rules, contact the manufacturer immediately. t .a ,..,,... anc case amr L—Jn:c.aww a .W.. Figure 3. Thermal (Uo) zone map Figure 3A. Humid & fringe climate map I ACLC L. HUIVIIU ANU FKINUr UUMAI C L.UNMC Humid and Fringe Climate Zone Alabama Counties of Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Cerenshaw, Dale, Escambia, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lowndes, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Washington, and Wilcox Florida d Xfi counties and locations Georgia Counties of Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brantley, Brooks, Bryan, Calhoun, Camden, Char-- leton, Chatham, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Effingham, Evans, Glynn, Grady, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Lanier, Lee, Liberty, Long, Lowndes, McIntosh, Miller, Mitchell, Pierce, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Tattnall, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, Turner, Ware, Wayne, and Worth Hawaii: All counties and locations__ Louisiana All counties and locations oh, Pead River, Porry Pike, RankinSimpson! Smith to Walthal� Warren Wayne, and Willansown North Carolina Counties of Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, and Pander South Carolina _Counties of Beaufort _Berkeley; Chadeston Colleton Dorcbester_Georget_own Horry and Jasper - Texas Counties of Anderson, Angelina, Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Bexar, Bmzoria, Brazos, Brooks, Bur- leson, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron, Camp, Cass, Chambers, Cherokee, Colorado, Corral, De Witt, Dimmit, Duval, .... .:::__.._. _................ ..... ___ . _ ............. .. ............ ....-_.:....... __ - .. .... ..... . - . ... _............. . ...._._.-. 12 na,vin, narns, narnson, nays, Henoerson, Hidalgo; Hopkins, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Ji Wells, Karnes, Kaufman, Kenedy, Kinney, Kleberg, La Salle, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Live Oak, Madison, Marion, Matagorda, Maverick, McMullen, Medina, Milam, Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Panola, Polk, Rains, Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patricio, Shelby, Smith, Starr, Titus, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur, Uvalde, Val Verde, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, Waller, Washington, Webb, Wharton, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Wood, Zapata, and Zavala STEP 4. CONFIRM ROOF LOAD ZONE From Table 3, identify the Roof Load Zone for the home. Verify that the home con- forms to the following rules. • No home may be placed in an area with a higher roof load than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone cannot be placed in the Middle (30 pso Roof Load Zone). • A home may be located in an area with a lower roof load than that indicated on the data plate. (Example: a home designed for the Middle (30 psf) Roof Load Zone may be placed in the South (20 psf) Roof Load Zone). When a home is located in an area with a lower roof load than indicated on the data plate it may be installed per the requirements of the lower roof load area. • There are special high roof load areas (primarily in mountains) not shown on the map. Contact the LAHJ or SAA for information about these areas. The home's data plate will indicate if the home has been designed for one of these high roof load areas. • Ramadas may be used in areas with roof live loads greater than 40 pelf. Ramadas are to be self-supporting, except that any connection to the home must be for weatherproofing only. s.. i.a rim a o xo Alaska I All counties Colorado I All counties Figure 38. Roof (snow) load map -- .. Idaho - ;Ali countless., __ s - ,. - - Iowa _ Counties of: Buena Vista, Butter, Calhoun, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Clay Dickinson, Emmet, Floyd, Franklin, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Howard, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Lyon, Mitchell, O'Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas, Sac, Sioux, Webster, Winnebago, Worth, Wright Maine _ , Countes ofAndroscoggm Cumberiand.Frankim Kanabec Lmcol_nTOxtord Sagadahoc York Massachusetts County of Essex _ -.. Michigan counties of Alger. Alcons;, Alpena, Antrim, Bamga,-Beuie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Dickson, Emmet, Gogebic,::Grand Traverse, Houghton, Iron, Kalkaska, Keweenaw; Leelanad; Luce, Mackinac, „Marquette, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency,',O emaw; Ontonagon, Osceoa, Otsego, Presque Isle, Ros. - ' common,Schoolcraft,Wexford Minnesota Counties of Aitkin, Anoka, Benton, Blue Earth, Brown, Cass, Carlton, Carver, Chippewa Chisago, Cook, Cotton- wood, Crow Wing, Dakota, Dodge, Douglas, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Grant, Hennepin, Hubbard, New Hamp- shire South Dakota Vermont Meeker, Morrison, Millie Lacs, Mower, Martin, Murray, Nicollet, Nobles, Olmsted, Pipestone, Pine, Pope, Ramsey, Redwood, Renville, Rice, Rock, St. Louis, Sibley, Scott, Steele, Sherburne, Swift, Stearns, Stevens, Todd, Wade- na, Wright, Washington, Wabasha, Winona, Waseca, Watonwan, Yellow Medicine All Counties CoUhtieseof Cayuga; Ciity'fon,.Essrankfni FultontkGenesee' Hemiltpn H4rkimet;+Jatferson� levels LNfiig stop; Ma¢rSon Monfna MontgomePy Nara , naWa Ononttaga Ontada Orif•ans Oswego St Lawrence Sara 9oaSclsenN ectadSeneca WarrenWash(nion Counties of Brookings, Clay, Codington, Deuel, Grant, Hamlin, Hanson, Hutchinson, Kingsbury, Lake, Lincoln, McCook, Miner, Minnehaha, Moody, Turner, Union, Yankton Counties of Addison, Caledonia, Chittenden, Washington, Windsor All Counties Franklin, Grand Isle, lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Rutland, Other I The states and counties not listed for the Middle or North roof load zone above are deemed to be within the South roof load zone. STEP 5. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS Local regulations may set conditions for the siting and installation of a manufactured r , home. Consult the LAHJ, state manufactured housing association and the state SAA - (See Resources, p. 5) for the specific local requirements, including: press subject to flooding. • Building codes that may affect the construction of site built structures and in- The foundation specifica- frastructure. tions contained in this • Local requirements regulating the installation of manufactured homes. manual are NOT Intended • Setback requirements for property lines, streets, yards, and courts. to address flood loads. If the home is located in the • Fire separation distances. flood plain, consult a regis- • Development covenants for the specific property. tered engineer. • The locations of flood hazard areas and any special foundation requirements for homes installed in those areas. • In some areas, building permits are required to install manufactured homes. , Prior to making any alteration to the site and the home, contact the LAHJ to determine if plan approval and permits are required. 14 Prepare the Site A properly prepared site is critical to a good quality installation and the long term structural stability of the home. This chapter explains the. process of planning the site, evaluating the soil, and preparing the site for construction of the home's support system. STEP 1. PLAN SITE ACCESS Planning the route to the site is typically the responsibility of the retailer or transporta- tion company. Whoever is responsible must secure state permits from the states through which the home will pass. In planning the route, avoid obstructions that might interfere with the passage of the home, such as low hanging wires and trees, low overpasses and bridges not suitable for the load. Contact the utility company if wires need to be moved. Do not allow branches, bushes or other foliage to scrape against the home as the home is moved to the site. Avoid ditches, berms, steep slopes and soft ground. Identify and fill any holes and soft spots into which the transporter's wheels may sink. Avoid moving over steep changes in grade (20 degrees or more). If required, provide for home storage and staging areas on the site. Plan the delivery and staging of home sections and materials so that after all deliveries are complete, home sections and materials can be accessed for use and installed in the appropriate sequence. Orient home sections so they do not have to be rotated or excessively ma- neuvered during the installation process. Plan for temporary needs, such as dump- sters, portable toilets, crew parking, delivery vehicle drop-offs and concrete mixer deli- veries. Before moving the home to the site; inform the LAHJ and make sure the site is pre- pared and utilities are available. STEP 2. DETERMINE HOME LOCATION AND LAYOUT The home location may have already been determined by others. If not, plan the home location and layout in compliance with the regulations researched in Getting Started, STEP S. CHECK LOCAL CODES AND SECURE PERMITS (p. 14). Contact utilities for locations of existing infrastructure, such as underground cables, pipes and electrical lines. When planning the site improvements, consider the following: • The home location should be level. • Avoid contact with large trees, steep slopes, poorly drained areas and poten- tial flood zones. • Preserve trees and shrubs for shade, visual screens and windbreaks. r s ®i Site Preparation. Final re- sponsibility for site prepara- tion, including soil stability and frost heave control, lies with the installer. An impro- perly prepared site may re- sult in the denial of a foun- dation -related warranty claim. Fire separation. Comply with any LAHJ fire separa- tion requirements or the re- quirements NFPA 501A, 2003 edition (Chapter 6). Plan the driveway, parking areas, septic, well, other structures and utility lines. . Site the home away from natural water paths. STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE SITE Trim overhanging foliage (tree limbs, etc. that could cause damage to the home) consi- dering future growth, potential storms, swaying in wind and snow/ice-weighted branches. All organic material such as vegetation, wood, roots, twigs, dead branches, grass, brush and wood scraps must be removed in areas where footings are to be placed. Remove any debris that could become termite infested from the site and sur- rounding area. Properly dispose of all items. Crown the site (Figure 4) away from the foundation for the first ten feet with a minimum slope of 1/2 inch per foot. Where property lines, walls, slopes or other physical condi- tions prohibit this slope, provide the site with drains, swales or grading to drain water away from the structure. Any fill required to grade the site should be inorganic "con- trolled fill" applied in a maximum of four inch layers, compacted between each layer to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. Direct runoff away from the site using ditches and berms (Figure 5). If the home will have skirting, start grading from two feet in from the edge of the home. � y HOUSE y � y y \0A 'A A y ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW. Grade the ground so that water under porches, decks and recessed entries flows away from the home. If proper grading is not possible, use other methods such as a drain tile and automatic sump pump system to remove any water that may collect under the home. The home is suitable for the installation of gutters and downspouts. Gutters and down- spouts must be installed per the gutter and downspout manufacturers installation in- structions. When gutters and downspouts are installed, direct runoff away from the home. STEP 4. DETERMINE SOIL CONDITIONS Examine the soil type under the proposed home location to make sure it is suitable for placement of a home. The design of the home's support system, including footing/pier spacing and size, will in part be determined by the bearing capacity of the soil and, if ground anchors are used, by the soil's withdrawal strength. The soil under every portion of the support system must meet the following criteria: . The soil must be firm and undisturbed (not previously excavated) or fill com- PIP Site drainage. Moisture un- der the home can result in structural damage to the floor system, foundation, anchoring system and other parts of the home. Failure to provide adequate slope/drainage can result in moisture -related problems such as mold, mildew and erosion. Figure 4. Crown the soil un- der the home to prevent wa- ter ponding Figure S. Direct runoff away from the home IF I SF Z;d /, Soil. Inadequate soil bearing capacity or a support sys- tem mismatched to the soil characteristics can result in excessive or differential patted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density). Uncompacted fill will settle overtime, causing the home to shift and become unlevel. • Fill must not contain large debris. This too will settle overtime. • The soil must not be comprised of organic clays or peat. Organic material can decay, causing settlement and also may harbor pests that can infest the home. • A soil's bearing capacity can be greatly reduced when it is saturated with wa- ter. Note that water tables may vary with seasonal or climactic conditions. Consult a geologist or the LAHJ if you are unsure of the water table level. • The soil must not be a highly expansive type. Expansive soils can expand when they become saturated with water, causing the home to shift and be- come unlevel. If soils are expansive contact a registered engineer, or regis- tered architect to assist with the design of the foundation system. STEP 5. DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE The soil under a home must be capable of withstanding the loads imposed by the weight of the home, its support system and furnishings as well as any loads imposed by wind, snow or other climactic conditions. SOIL BEARING CAPACITY Determine the soil bearing capacity in pounds per square foot (psf) before designing a support system. The higher the capacity (psf), the more weight the soil can hold without unduly compressing. As the soil bearing capacity increases, footings can be reduced in size or spaced farther apart. Use one or more of the following methods to determine the site's soil bearing capacity: • Test the soil. Hire a registered geologist, registered engineer, or registered architect to determine the soil classification and maximum allowable soil bear- ing capacity by testing the soil in accordance with generally accepted engineer- ing practice. In addition, the registered professional may designate a footing capacity (Ibs) based on a site -specific soils evaluation and footing design. • Obtain soil records. The local office of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (www.soils.usda.gov) and/or the LAHJ may have test results and/or soil analyses on file for the area. • Conduct a pocket penetrometer test. Use a pocket penetrometer to estimate allowable soil bearing capacity as follows: 1. Select a location that will be under a footing. 2. Clear a minimum area of one square foot to the depth of the bottom of the planned footing. 3. Using the instructions provided with the pocket penetrometer, take at least five readings. 4. Discard the high and low readings and average the remaining readings. Round this result down to the nearest soil bearing value shown in Table 4. 5. Confirm that the rounded result matches the soil description in Table 4. • Determine soil bearing value by visual examination. If one of the options above is not available, the values in Table 4 can be used to establish soil bear- ing capacity by visual examination. This method provides lower capacity values than the options above. Accurate soil Identification typically requires special training or expertise. An engineer or building code official may be able to assist in classifying the soil found on the site. settlement of the home, which can cause the home to become unlevel, resulting in jammed doors and win- dows, cracks in finishes and ruptured plumbing connec- tions. V,;F!! Its vz Soil bearing capacity. Sup- port systems on soils with bearing capacities less than 1,000 psf must be designed by a registered engineer or registered architect and ap- proved by the LAHJ. Limitations of Pocket pene• trometers. Pocket pene- trometers do not work on sand or gravel. Use to de- termine allowable pressure for these types of soils. If you encounter a layer of gravel, test the soil under the gravel. Do not put the penetrometer on stones larger than its tip as this will provide an inaccurate read- ing. Rock or hard pan 4,000+ Sand; silty sand; clayey sand; silty gravel; 3 GC, SC, ML, CL medium dense course sands; sandy gravel; 1,500 and very stiff silt, sand clays fz s r'iopse to meumde sn ¢sands firmtostiff a{ ,r'dayt and Wits; allwrai fills v : 't.�sa ;, .hf1000 4B CH, MH2 Loose sands; firm clays; alluvial fills 1,000 ' The values provided in this table have not been adjusted for overburden presspre, embedment depth, water table height or settlement problems. 2 For soils classified as CH or MH, without either torque probe values or blow count test results, selected anchors must be rated for a 4B soil. 3 The torque test probe is a device for measuring the torque value of soils to assist in evaluating the holding capacity of the soil in which the ground anchor is placed. The shaft must be of suitable length for . the full depth of the ground anchor. 4 The torque value is a measure of the load resistance provided by the soil when subject to the turning or twisting force of the probe. • Use default capacity. Use an allowable pressure of 1,500 pelf, unless site -specific infor- mation requires the use of lower values based on soil classification and type according to Table 4. Note that soil types may vary across a home site. In this case, the soil with the lowest bear- ing capacity should be assumed when designing the support system. Keep a record of the soil bearing capacity value; it will be used later to design the home's support system. FROST LINE Obtain the local design frost depth for footings from one of the following methods: • The local authority having jurisdiction (LAHJ). • Consult with a registered architect, registered engineer, or registered geol • Use Figure 5A map. • Use Table 4A with the site's Air Freezing Index (AFI). TABLE 4A. DESIGN FROST DEPTH FOR FOOTINGS .�Alr Freezing 'Minimum 2Air- reezing . a. '�N9nimUms� 50 or lower 3 2000 40 h2500 350 12 3000 52 57P s o,:3500`£, esaa; 1000 24 4000 62 The depth of interior pier footings may be taken as one half the depth required when interior footers are located within an enclosed space meeting all the following: ' All vents in skirting are capable of closing at outdoor temperatures below 40 degreas F. 2 Skirting is insulated to a minimum R-5 when unadjusted frost depth is up to 45 inches and a minimum of R-10 when unadjusted frost depth exceeds 45 inches. An approved ground vapor barrier is applied. 24-39 351.550 12-17 a 175-275 FROST PENETRATION MAP (AVERAGE DEPTH OF FROST PENETRATION - IN INCHES) 30 35 C2I 0 3 15 8 i - 40 1l< 21 �(3038 Ijr' _ 5 J� f 2d'�18 �1 1� 38 `Id18 BB ,. ] f� \ l OB 36 / 132 8 0]� 8 so 88 d0 428 60' �� 51 48 48 13 12 8 <8 15 24 — - - 40 41 ]2 38 430 t 8 24 S f 1 SS d8 Op 5d /i 2110 t0 28 15� 45 2d 42 �30 4 B ' 0 30 10 48 25 d2 f1 42 2 4 .8 24 12B 30 30 �Il`/1I10 25 �. 3 10 0 1< - 98 30 3a 20 __ _ _ .�' �Ji- 35/yU 42 " 2 1] 20 22 2d _ _ _� 5 i l - 13 19 10 3fl ' �1 37 21 12 18 25 U 1215- 1 5 18 _ 2 109 27 B 12 10 _t —8 YO \2 3 / 3 8 \ / 38 19 d 3 9 3 12 10 4 2 8 3 - SOURCE: U.S. DEPT. OF COMMERCE WEATHER BUREAU��.> Figure 5A. Frost Penetration Map STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY If the anchor holding strength of the soil is unknown test the soil per the requirements of the an- chor manufacturer's installation instructions. Concrete anchors that are listed and certified by a professional engineer to have a working load capacity of 3150 Ibs may be used as a substitute for the ground anchors specified within this manual when installed in accordance with manufac- turer's installation instructions. 3 ®z Torque Probe. If a torque probe is used, check with the utility companies for the location of underground ca- bles or pipes to avoid con- tact with the probe shaft. Install Footings instructions for the design and construction of individual footings that transfer the load from a single pier a anti-niertoaetheridiscussedinSet-the-Homeljs-refei�ed tc as a "support". A footing may also be de- signed to carry the load of multiple piers (often called "strip" footings). The design of strip footings is not coveredin this -mar However, strip footings are acceptable if designed by a registered engineer or registered architect. The foundation systems described in this manual have not been designed for flood resistance. STEP 1. DESIGN POINT LOAD SUPPORTS All homes will need supports, and therefore footings, under the frame, marriage line (for multi -section homes), exterior wall openings and other heavy point loads. All pier locations required at the mating line, perimeter and any special pier support locations, as required by these instructions, will be identified from the factory by a pier tag, label, paint, or other means and must be visible after the home is installed. The pier designs, support loads, and footing construction shall be as indicated in the appropriate diagrams, tables, and instructions herein. Where perimeter piers are required along the exterior wall, alternate pier spacing may be used in lieu of the factory identified locations provided the instructions of this manual are satisfied in terms of allowable spacing, pier design, and footing size. PLEASE NOTE: The manufacturer will not be responsible for damaged or removed pier tags. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that all piers are properly positioned in accord- ance with the tables & diagrams contained in these installation instructions. Create a sketch of the home that includes the exterior walls, the frame ]-beams and the marriage line(s), if a multi -section home. The sketch will be used in this chapter to locate each support, and note the size of the corresponding footing. Figure 6 is an example of such a completed support plan. PERIMETER BLOCKING PIERS OPTIONAL CORNER PIERS PORCH POST PIERS � $ $ -a -e- -a- -&- -9- -4� -e- -e- -B- � B --El- -4a- -EF - � 4 I -BEAM FRAME -B' -&- � �1-G- -9- DOOR PIERS BLOCKING PIERS 20 I -BEAM FRAME MEMBERS Figure 6. Typical point -load support locations WALL PIERS PIERS MEMBERS As the location and load for each support is determined, note it on the sketch. When select- ing locations for supports, keep in mind that increasing the spacing between supports will increase the load on that support and the size of the required footing. DETERMINE LOCATIONS Point loads exist where a bearing/structural weight is concentrated and transferred to the foundation at a specific point. Locate a support under each point load, including the follow- ing examples: • Exterior doors in side walls at both sides of each door (blocking is not required at exterior doors in end walls supported by the steel header). • Other exterior wall openings four feet and greater at both sides of each opening (including multiple windows that total four feet wide or more without intermediate supports, even if individual windows are less than four feet). • Marriage line openings four feet or greater at both sides of each opening. • Locations where through -the -rim crossover ducts penetrate the rim joist at the mar- riage line (unless otherwise noted in supplemental documents provided with the home or unless the home is constructed with a perimeter frame system). • Marriage line columns. • Load -bearing porch posts. • On each side of factory installed fireplaces when located on the exterior sidewalls or marriage walls (except when supported by the steel header). Adjustable outriggers may only be used to replace piers below exterior door or window open- ings less than 48" and below factory installed fireplaces located on the exterior sidewalls or marriage walls. Adjustable outriggers may only be used at these locations when local codes permit the use of these devices and they are installed according to the manufacturer's instal- lation instructions. Adjustable outriggers are not an acceptable replacement for perimeter supports on homes requiring perimeter blocking. Factory installed outriggers and cross - members may also replace piers below exterior door or window openings less than 48". Mark the required point load support locations on the sketch. Supports are not required where the manufacturer has reinforced the floor (such as with additional outriggers or floor joists) and so noted in the documentation provided with the home. DOOR OR OPENING LESS THAN 48 IN. IN WIDTH COMBINED SPAN (o+B) 19h'Hd8y9�1 I -BEAM COLUMN POST OR WALL) LESS THAN 16 IN. IN WIDTH Figure 7. Typical point -load SPAN A support locations along the marriage line. FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING SIZED AND SIZED FOR SIZED AND SIZED FOR SIZED FOR SIZED FOR SPACED PER SPAN C PER SPACED PER SPAN B PER SPAN A+B SPAN A PER TABLE TABLES TABLE TABLES PER TABLE TABLES CALCULATE LOADS Use Tables 5-5c to determine the loads on point load supports (columns). For each support, find the table with the appropriate section width. Then, find the row with the appropriate roof load zone and the column corresponding to the span (see Figure 7 for guidance on determining spans — if a support is shared by spans on both sides, add the respective loads together to arrive at the total load under that point). The number in the intersecting cell is the load. Note the required loads next to each point load support on the sketch. TAB S�POINT LOAD ON FOOTINGS Al MAfIR1AGELINE-OPENINGS (L86j ry a 2bRMax Hjl omet4tidlh ["Roa[rtrve P 9 k g,e Maximum Openmgin MaTr7age iiite;ftj s n - Mi ?"xp z.q LOadjPSFj "" 4 B �IZg r A 20 3000 1600 2200 2500 2800 3100 3400 4000 - 4600 5200 5800 6400 7000 7600 9 .jOQO,; 4400 :a4 00 5200 :; 6000, 1 680�! 7800" s 8Q00 pfl i ce , 3.080�, 40 2400 3400 4400 4900 5400 5900 6400 7400 8400 9400 10400 11400 12400 13400 '13200'" ,4600� ?fi000 ,6700"- 7400. -81r00 $800""'10200 °1I600, 13000 �..�14400 ':158� 1720D" t"18600� 80 4000 5800 7600 8500 9400 10300 11 00 13000 14800 16600 18400 20200 22000 23800 4$00 9240 103001 31400a 42500 1_58gQ' a18000 �2_0106 22400 24600 680U,� 29000 u-700 _13600 �18600 f 120 5600 8200 10800 12100 13400 14700 16000 21200 23800' 26400 '29000 31600 34200 ' '� TA8�1E 5a. POINT WApONFOOTING5ATMARMAGE LINEOPENINGSjtssi; 3 FLk11 . i 9 13 4k art } Y Lx S B Pi: rv' 3 ` 3i pUie i Y 24ftD6uble5eoti6n/86ft Tri43e 5Ect`IonMax Nomev9ldthi m I,re" ,� rZ. R Roaf tfvea Maximum op0ningrn Martiage Line jftj ,, ,, ,� �;"; a SoadVP5Fj ,4 B 14t. i6 20 �, ;`�28 36 a.32 „24a g,32-':I 20 1120 1840 2560 2920 3280 3640 4000 4720 5440+: 6160 �6880 7600 8320_ 9040 -5680 616Q: 7320�8080„ ," 9040 " ; I0000>` 10%0 11920; '1'2880 40 2800 4000 5200 5800 6400 7000 7600 8800 10000 11200 12400 13600 14800 16000 s ^F1d480+ 18880% ' 6p,-^�-rc ,3760' S440 :�712A 796D "00 .,`9640 ... ,12160 ;e13840,5 "15520 1Y200 �20560q 22240 80 4720 6880 9040 10120 11200 12280 13360 15520 17680 19840 22000 24160 26320 28480 s I00 5680.E 8320a `10960 12280.E 13600 14920 16240" 38880 21520 241b0-. 26800 29d90 32080 434720' _. M. .,..m .. ...,... . ,..:..�....�... ...a._ 120 6640 9760 12880 14440 16000 17560 19120 1 22240 25360� 28480� 31600 34720 37840 40960 t a =T4BLE516POINTLOA6 ON FOOTINGSATMARRIAGE LINE OPENINGSjLBSj.;, 28ftDoableSeUlonJ42kTdPie Section Max Hbm€Widtfi '""g ''` L 6 RobfUve Maximum Opening in Martiage Limetftj ` ,,,. ha § , r , - • `tWai�jPSFj"t ,a4=,. � ,$, ,�12 , 16•� 16 20 ',^. `24 ,F ;`'.,28 . " 32 ".,.. 36., ,90"d 20 1240 2080 2920 3340 3760 4180 4600 5440 6280 7120 7960 8800 9640 10480 <. 'AD , 2640 3760 ` f�#880 ':544Q "5000"" �,'6560„ ?120 `_ 8240 , 93�0 -"20480'. 511600; , `12720 �138 i Y4960e' 40 3200 4600 6000 6700 7400 8100 8800 10200 11600 13000 14400 15800 17200 18600 4W '^"'^" m '`8240 ..i 9220 4 ^mom �11280 m �. nZ "1216¢'.,. 9 """" Y" w,C`Y^`S'• 2160 'v 23920 W#Y°4`:. �1258$pz .60 ,.4324... 62¢0,, 10200 14720 16080 18040 °,20000 80 5440 7960 10480 11740 13000 14260 15520 18040 20560 23080 25600 28120 30640 33160 *' I00' 6560 n 9640 '12720 14266. �1Y34018880'': 21960i 25040" ' 2812d'` 31200"- 84280 37360 '40440 _I5800_ 120 7680 11320 14960 16780 18600 20420 22240 25880 29520 33160 36800 40440 44080 47720 M Z' �' , ,'� T+'.7ABlE 5c 40lNT LOAD ONf00TINGS/iT MARRIAGEDNEdPEMNGS Il051 r + e ' � k qx,'� � t + � ttDpLble 6eeflon /48 @TApk Section Ma>e Roma YJidtb � �,� �,� � z32 �, Roof 4vQy„ ,�.�,-„ -�,� 5 %i , MaMim�llnryO,P,c1Ung n MartwBe Une Ift1 m' y g,, rye` -20 1330 2260 3190 3655 4120 4585 Soso 5980 6910 7840 8770 9700 10630 11560 ` s€2980`L '4120. St�5360t �5980�xi 6600 �9220 —77777 9080 '-il1$20� Y2800' "L4�040, `1Q80 '.' p7940� rs1�i5�b0o 1652W 40 5050 6600 7375 8150 8925 9700 11250 12800 14350 15900 17450 19000 20550 xx.w50r s� ^ry+3500 yd Y.. nb q T."'7 6920 'k90 TT —.—m 1C1 112a5D- 1335 3,342e= FTi"Ye 1760 2TT 74930' '--.3 221W 24270 26440"y8616'. , , _35590_ _ 80 5990 8770 11S60 12955 14350 15745 17140� 19930 22720 25510 28300 31090 33880 36670 722 115,45 JA50 ,.19155 37910 '4d730` 24270 27680 31090' 34500 411;0 12d 9460 12490 16520 16535 20550 22565 24S80 28610 32640 36670 40700 44730 48760 52790 STEP 2. DESIGN FRAME SUPPORTS (Homes Without Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS All homes require regularly spaced supports along all main frame 1-beams. Select spacing between supports and sketch them on the support plan. Keep in mind that frame supports under homes with 8" deep 1-beams may be no more than eight feet apart. Those under homes with 10" or 12" deep 1-beams may be no more than 10 feet apart. Generally, greater distances between supports will require larger footings. Figure 8 shows typical frame sup- port locations. ' Ir�::I� :ICcFi77141-'7 PIERS - B $ -g -B- -B- $- -B- I-BE" FRINIE-j -B-'-B- -B--8-f-EH -i} DOOR PIERS 23 , Z; d � Spacing frame supports. There must be a support pier located near the end of each I-beam such that there is no more than 24 inches as measured from the outside edge of the floor to the center of the pier. Figure 8. Typical support I -BEAM locations for homes not re - FRAME quiring %gulariy spaced MEMBERS perimet�.r supports REQUIRED AT OPENIN" 4 FEET AND LARGER FRAME PIERS ' FRAME MEMBERS DOOR OR OPENING LESS COMBINED SPAN A+B THAN 481N. IN WIDTH RIDGESEAM FOOTING SIZED FOR SPAN C PER TABLE 5 COLUMN POST OR V LESS THAN 16 IN. IN 1-BEAM FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING SIZED FbR SIZED FOR SIZED FOR SPAN B PER SPAN A+B SPAN A PER TABLE 5 PER TABLE 5 TABLE 5 CALCULATE LOADS Use Tables 6-6c to determine the loads on frame supports. Find the chart with the appro- priate sidewall eave overhang. Then, find the column with the appropriate roof load zone and section width. Find the row corresponding to the selected support spacing. The number in the intersecting cell is the load. Loads on all frame supports can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. How- ever, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. Interpolation between values is permitted. Loads for piers installed at 5, 7, and 9 feet on - center can be estimated by adding the loads for the higher and lower spacing and dividing in half leg. the load for piers installed at 7 feet on -center for a 16 wide with a 1-1/2" overhang in a 20 psf Roof Load Zone would be: 4510 Ibs + 5666 Ibs = 10176 Ibs / 2 = 5088 Ibs. Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. (Width listed in each column of the following charts is the overall width of the home. Eg. 16 ft is a single section, 32 ft is a double section and 48 ft is a triple section). Figure 8A. Typical mar- riage line support locations — for homes not requiring pe= rimeter supports 1 1 1 lASF<TiG Cv. t 1111t11A I Up to 4'1 2195 1 2519 1 2843 1 3140 1 3410 1 2400 1 2764 1 3128 1 3462 1 3765 1 2605 1 3009 1 3413 1 3783 1 4120 1 I >6'to 81 39901 46381 52861 5666 1 64201 44001 51281 5856 1 6523 1 7130 1 48101 56181 64261 71671 78401 I Up to 4'1 2240 1 2564 1 2888 1 3185 1 3455 1 2460 1 2824 1 3188 1 3522 1 3825 1 2680 1 3084 1 3488 1 3858 1 4195 1 I >6'to8'I 4080 1 4728 1 5376 1 5750 1 6510 1 4520 1 5248 1 5976 1 6643 1 7250 1 4960 1 5768 1 6576 1 7317 1 7990 1 E+ =gTASWE6h LOAD ON AAMEPIER FOOTINGS FOR HOMES NOT REQUIRING PERIMETER BLOCKING E%CEPT'AT OPENINGS(LBS)` .. Load2oneandMax.H6mewWth(12"Max.Sdewall Eave On ng) So Mlddle (30 pssf) Nrth;40 psq :e e' s .�2 1(4kR '428/42ft16/32/48j10/20ft124d)4ft 14/28(82ft 16/32/4,8ftt3padng;,10/20-k UP to 4' 2300 2624 2948 3191 2540 2904 3268 3541 2780 3184 3589 3891 >4,toA6' 3250 `` 3736 , ; 4222 "# ' 458T • tl . 3530 = 4156 4702; 5112 ` '3970 4576� 5182 5637. >6'1108' 4200 4848 5496 5757 4680 5408 6136 6682 5160 5968 6776 _ 7382 770 5750 ° 66 0 7570, 8253�- -6350 7360: 8370 ° ' 9128: 6 �TABLE, 6c°LOAD GNfR1LMEPIEICFOOTINGSFORHOMESNOTRPERIMETER BLOCKING E%CEPTATOPENINGS " �NG (LBS)' g Roof Load Zone and Max. Home Width 124".Max, Sidexmll Eave Overhang)` i -- ethj20 psflt `,p Mlddl; (30psfl-. m North (4e psq " Pler`Spadng , Zw ` : 24k o 28/42k 37J48k 78 ft � 24k".- 28/42k 32/48k 20 kP 24ft °28/42k 32/48ft Up to 4' 2420 2744 3068 3311 2700 1 3064 3428 3701 2980 3384 3788 4091 4767 3850 7 396 ' 4442:,. 5352 4270- .4876 5482 ,5937 >6'to 8' 4440 5088 5736 6222 5000 5728 6456 7002 5560 6368 7176 7782 iB to10' € 5450 �°'6260 , ° 7070 �'7678, 6150 ? ,7060 ', ` Z97d , `,$653-. 6850 7860 'r8870 9628 Calculate Loads Use Table 6d to determine the loads on supports below openings in the sidewall when perimeter blocking is not required. Find the row with the appropriate opening span. Then, find the column with the aoorooriate floor Width. The number in the intersectina cell is the load. tOA00N PIES FOOTINGSAT OPENINGSALONGTHESIDEWAUL(LBS) z �, iz,, Roof toad Zone and Ma.Home Wld[h (24" Max. Sidewall Eave Overhangs ,?f(etSpatTng a10/2r1 is ..�;. 32(24k 14/28/42k ".Soutf�l20psq. 16/32/48ft t 38 R Pier SPSdng Sb/2eft 12/2Aft 14/28/42ft 16/32148R 18ftg , Up to 3' 1025 1100 1175M1581 1306 >5'to 6' 1400 1520 1640 1750 1850 12;40 ','1 1488•�� >6to8'3650, SBW - 1950 '2088 - 2213 1 > 4'to S' 1275 2380 14851669 >8' to 10' 1900 2080 2260 2425 2575 y �' -Middle ( p5f) Middle (90psf)' iiE_PIeCSpadng" v30f20'ft 12/28R34f28f42ft16j32/48ft 18 ft Pier Sparing 10/20B 12/24;ft 34/28/42k 35/32/48 ft 19ft Up to 3' 1200 1300 1400 1492 1575 >51to 6' 1680 1840 �000 7 2280 78 136 Jgo 1600. 1810 220p � 2400� 53y,. 27500 '. > W to 5' 1520 1660 1800 1928 2045 >8'to 10' 2320 2560 2800 3020 3220 (QOPsq 'y' North(40 psf) " ,:'Plei'5padag 10/20 it :12/24 R� 14/28%42 ft 36/32/48 k 18 k' Pier Sparing IS/20ft 12/244t 14/28/42 R 1 16/32/48 ff 18 k N Up to 3' 1375 1 1500 1625 1 1740 1844 >5'to 6' 1960 2160 2360 2543 2710 ,,,-> to a,1570 „- 1720r '° '1870'-� „2W8, ,= -.2133^, jam^ sWto8 2350' 2600 2850 3079 3288 ". >4'to 5' 2765 1 1940 1 2115 2275 2421 >8'to 10' 2740 3040 1 3340 3615 3865 STEP 3. DESIGN FRAME AND PERIMETI With Perimeter Blocking) DETERMINE LOCATIONS Depending on design and location, some homes require r ports along all of the sidewalls and marriage walls in addii perimeter support locations will be identified by labels ahE sidewalls and mardagewalls and noted on the Data Plate. OF. Ntll . A I V� (L Spacing frame supports. There must be a support each of the label locations. Additionally, perimeter support locations may be identified by a "pier located near the end _ white stripe or mark beneath the home on the bottom board material. Perimeter blocking of each I-beam such that supports must be placed no further than 8 feet on -center. there is no more, than 24 - — - -- If-required,perimeter-supports are only needed on bearing walls. For 20 psf roof live load, inches as measured from 'the outside edge of the perimeter support is only required at exterior doors an o her openings-48`ancl larger-un� -_ poor tq-the centertifthe - - less noted otherwise. Supports may be added at each corner of each endwall for leveling purposes, but are not required. Bearing walls are those walls that support.the ends of roof :Pier, trusses or rafters (typically sidewalls and marriage walls but not end walls of main units or sidewalls of tag units). To minimize the number of required perimeter supports, space them evenly between point load supports as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 (but not under open spans): These fig- ures identify typical support locations for homes requiring perimeter supports. PERIMETER DOOR PIERS Figure 9. Typical support AD - BLOCKING PIERS IAEAId cations for homes requiring FRAME perimeter supports MEMBERS OPTIONAL MARRIAGE CORNER --El- -43- $ -E3-- -&- g WALL PIERS . PIERS -B- -B- -B- -B- -B- 8-- FRAME PIERS RC -B- -9--eM -- -G�- . BLOCKING FRAME PIERS MEMBERS DOOR PIERS FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING SIZED AND SIZED FOR SIZED AND SIZED FOR SIZED FOR SIffD FOR SPACED PER SPAN C PER SPACED PER SPAN B PER SPAN A*B - SPAN A PER TABLE 7 TABLE 5 TABLE 7 TABLE 5 PER TABLE 5 TABLE 5 CALCULATE LOADS Use Tables 7-7c to determine the loads on frame and perimeter supports for homes requir- ing perimeter blocking. Find the chart with the appropriate sidewall save overhang. Then, find the column with the appropriate roof load and section width. Find the group of rows cor- responding to the selected support spacing. The values in the intersecting cells are the loads for the frame, perimeter and marriage line supports respectively. Loads on supports of a given type (frame, perimeter or marriage) can be assumed to be equal if support spacing is equal. However, if different support spacings are used then each support with a different spacing should be calculated separately. - Loads for piers installed at 5, 7 and 9 feet on -center can be estimated by adding the loads 26 Figure 10. Typical marriage line;support locations for homes requiring perimeter 5uppdris ' // A perimeter support must be installed within 4'feet of col- umn supports and the corner of the home when the home i designated for perimeter blocking. The loads listed in Tables 5 for homes greater than 20 last roof toad include for the higher and lower spacing and dividing in half (eg. the load for frame piers the additional 4 foot span. installed at 7 feet on -center for a 16 wide with a 1-112" overhang in a 20 psf Roof Load Zone would be: 2823 Ibs + 3630 Ibs = 6453 Ibs / 2 = 3227 Ibs). Note the location and load required of each support on the sketch. (Width listed in each column of the following charts is the overall width of the home. Eg. 16 ft is a single section, 32 ft is a double section and 48 ft is a triple section). 1r �`<'S"2�.'.. I �'7AfilE7 LOAD ON FRAME Awl I, PIER PbOTING9'FDR HdMESR gUIRING PENIMEMKIILOUNGtl89['J'�„p,-1'�; ur atp.. _' s ;�3r.e .v' K. Roof tw`fd one'agd lFlax.)tame width (2Dpsft,-, Nt5f r P ;"Middre (94p5fj:�y �ad�, Nortb (40:Psil `r 'r;i '"+` eruNvrtl 60 fj�' w.�°ytir Spa`cir:gE toratfori; YO.k .i2 k""'. ,141q, lEW 4411 Y0`It 12ft 14 ft vi6k x`�' .IBft 10 {t -Y2"k 13ft. ,lb ft 18ft :10 k 12ft s dJt ,16 tt ,later Up to 4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015. 2185 1420. 1624 1828 1 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2615 21,85 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 Up too 'g Y775 1295'.,14I5 5 1 $0 754D 170b ;1847 1980, r15&S i985a 236a 2335�' -a?195 22 5 2 '2 �1785 >4'to6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 8 19302236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 ev7311r Y563 91743:', t923 J44384863 -. 8 '�sa�.', 1870 - c %tl 2� 27jb �iti8; 2478 2778' 3059 �JCif93 321 -3638 "4018>6'tor Frame 2440 2848 3256 0 2440 28" 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 7=.7P219Q43b 0 2366 �2.00 3293 3560 -277Q 3WI�7 357ti.3937 427D `359q A>a,to20' Frame 2950 3460 3970 63 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 Pler sxz r ze or, tBDFsFi Northl304}rsij� �+ha NOrt1t E324i+sfl 9paung � x $ '12ft `Wit } . Wtalloti ; 10 t "I4 tF. i6it left .10rft 44 fi Xir tS 1"11 ,Zb ii Si44 SYft. 16k •18it " 5 a q a Up too Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 14201 16241 1828 20151 2185 1420 1624 18281 20151 2185 Pu j+yg t y� s + '`� �' "k r,:Upxo`4 Sidewall a ,2�X�65'. 3125, 3459 755 2e 815 '3� 255 2P95 2098 4Q65 3 2r =37k5 `42b5; 4742 5125. ,2, .d"Os ,grx a° >4 to 6 Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 p to 6' y vra�l a '4�.. .3348..4 8 33408 98 21 -4 B �'d1=7@ „k . 6343'946388913-3` 1 >61to8 Frame 20.40 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 325fi 3630 3970� at ?k rp� . k>6,to�8 c Sidewa11 44�0 -5130 3850 651il 7110 523d'6110 8.530 6050 7U90 78130' 5083' 50 '. m6990 ,,a97 > 8'to 10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 ^` a <xTABLE7a LOAD ON FRAMEANOPERIMETER PIER FOOTINGS FOR HOMES REQUIMINOPERIMETER BLOCKING (LBS) rt 3 ".Root Load iooe arid Max. Home lMdtfi (64Max. Side wali Eave&arhaagi 3 (20Psry ' „ JNIddIal30Ps,- Nonh-IOD psft " North (60 Pst)"; """"`-""Se>ath „ - LOWtiort 30 k `32ft 14R: 16it i8ft 10''ft zU ''J4 ft' I" 38ft 10 ft :12ft 14fc. 16 iR `.18 tt:,10 fi ,12Tt aft 36R 18i<'• Frame 1420 2624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 FWto Y^'Sidewall ,3220 3340, '1460 IS70 1674 1440 '1600 376P ,19Q7 2040 ,1860 Frame 1930 2236 '2542 2823 -3078"1930 2236 2542 -2823 -3C78 1930 .2236 2542 .2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 Sidewali 1630 -181Q 1390 ;2155 23055 2200 2440 2680 2860 229Q 2590 2890. 3165 Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 :>6'108 Sid -wall 2040 '2280 2520 2740. 2940 2480 2800 3120 3423 3680 <2920 3320 3 204, 4097 'r' 244 0:: 380D 4360 •4920 '5433 59Qf/ >8'to 10' Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3971 4�4,S38 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 . Pier, .; north (90 ps9 5 North (10D P"i! d North �32`04sf a .ta . -,. .r .. ... , Spaapg ,-domtion ft .12k ,14ft °36k 18k 16.ft :iift. 144 16ft 38ft '10 k lift EA, it 'loft 1Bft Upto4' Frame 1420 1624 1828 2015 2185 1420 1624 .18281 2015 2185 1420 1624 1828 2015],745$ ''7-7�Upto4' --Sidewall' -77 -254`0 2906 -32$0 3590' 3890 T980 3420 `3860 4263 -0630 342D 3940 4460', 493Y , >4'to 6' Frame 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823 3078 1930 2236 2542 2823to6 Adewa6 3¢70 4150 4690 'Si851 5635 4270 �493D s5590 ,6i95 E745 :493Q �571Q 6490,'7204 ,>6'to8 Frame 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630 3970 2440 2848 3256 3630>6'to8 ' Sidewall 4680 54IXi 61.20 s7807364 SSEO '�6440 7320 8527 9860 6440 7480 8520 94 >81to20, Frame 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 2950 3460 3970 4438 4863 av 70 0 m--- oo oT m-,- -oN CA W-, 2 19 Z8 a me 20 S ;, w 0101 10 10 0 . . . . . N n x R X 11 cm 3:m m m mE 12 r 3 m E 3 g E it m E X vi m 5 m o o 21❑ "v "e a i° 7° f° a a "ae e A 2 2 2 2 2 2 l . .. . . ................ . .. ...... . ....... ------ A - - A A WA WI A A A A A A rIM xli'os 'Roy VIER A305.0�°.N,RF�Ra(tWfroaAd NZOonPe.E LE;7' FofOewOTnINR,G(.ie 0i240 M 1141M gwEaQFRxU Gf}PvseE BlO@„C. K$I4, tgTjFk„RvYa " � rCx E� ' `cLQ. "nd antRtiaMDd1.T.aRc ae0.c #RId•e• EILaRyIN'e. iW4a+;M3mn - w� 'IC Pier x ragb -south l2a0. PsQa-':M l-i'M '"re.>;Nodh�AO R#Fl� a".°„��w,�p"�'No�rSh`(BO Pat}aklis wi,;,i ,a e �,,7"Ffi'ddlD'130psq«+%y ,a7A'.8, 24%%ft i8/42ft 32%48�$ 20;R 24%36"ft 28142ft 3214611 ?Sp4ctng ,{oCefion,p,. 7.O.R 24136ft 2814Zft 9214gYt 20It 24136 I38%Q,,)t 4;0"n Uptob' Frame 1420 1624r224 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 2624 1828 1981 18 $80 1840 zDllO`�` a 2120 ",z2160m,. s�2510 25?0 a2800., 17 tA�',tpA ,���5tdewaU, :,.14b0 $ „Y520a 173bF' ? , ,1960s ,,'2i60 .,308D's3290',i Upto4' Mavlagewall 1760 200D 2420 2160 2480 2800 3040- 2560 2960 3360 3660 3360 3920 4480 4900 "iMtb ' "„F d '103�} 6 K a2�72 1,93p "2?2i>38 € ` 254I„ 2772 ��19 0: 256 42� . 23i2 , 1 b ?235' r 3542%; 4; 7 rtxai >4'to6' Sidewall 1900 2080 2395 2320 2560 2800 2980 2740 3D40 3340 3565 - 3580 4000 4420 4735 AtW € 6'to It Frame 2440 2848 3562 2440 2948 3256 3562 2440 2948 3256 3562 2440 2849 3256 3562 ra•= >'?�us Std¢vie#, *3 240D are-.^ �;=2b4U, s.2gBD ^,p;.^s" 3064 ~�--r . 96D �""° ?r,32gq = .fi ,'' s3606, a3640,, 'a ;.45,�t8' >'3�Zb�' eG433D, g 4620i't 4640 .;52gR? . s576R= ti�1�' >6-to 8' ,re. Marriagewall 3120 3600 4080 4440 3120 4560 1200 1610 4120 1120 6320 6920 6320 7440 8560 9400 n, , 3 2950; 3 3960 ^.^,^s ^' `u3J7i? s^,, 'i—^'+�"' 50, * `:;e 'p^a w,^r %3970 xa=' *em'^'s' r, "" €39 0 22511 3 �$ttp'S0' a MIe"i a ,Fipme=,= a 2950 b 460 otth s397R j80 p8)I ti =. s'`f _ ,p}53m „2 .,3450 m4356;. ., S `L LaI pq'" � kffh c SI. r,lJ 28j4?,h 32198R 3e- IZAR 18 12ft 3x1$eft ^s �a� a ;a r SpaFleg=` locaU� 2b ft 24€(t ae14IR 21ASff TOft:`24f[ s 9f Upto4 Frame 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 1420 1624 1828 1981 . $iF P "('�+w; YY an 3080 ' `,344D 386u`; Os 361D. 409D 1 f2G 495D "a20bs rS4 a ,. 472D ,a''Upt6,v sttafew a Up too Mamiagewall 4160 4880 5600 6140 4960 5840 6720 7380 5760 66w 7840 6620 J a MW a1'�F=ram477 1930. 2236 a.3542 ; 2772 ,".'y26+1„2 277X � �, 193a?' 2236r � x5az . +2i ,. >eVto6 _ Sidewall 4420 4960 . 5500 5905 5260 5920 6580 7075 6100 6880 7660 8245 I "*ai""e � rag R'tu5 r €'rlatriegewall 6040 ;=T12b 8200.a b .'. 901E}'i ^724D�'' ,65§b= r986Dk 3Q�70= 8440a eIb000„r31560 Sr2734€ >6'to8' Frame 2440 2848 3256 3562 2440 2948 3256 3562 2440 2948 3256 3562 . ys mer a� s€Et ' " a+r �--°a�S s 'SQ`w4I 576Q €�6d60� sit s op_ k'7740{ 68H0,'. 7 60� '3 `� 340 `r H 800Qrt °9640,.• '10D3Dx a* t > 6'to 8 Marrlagewall 7920 �5 93fi0 30800 11880 9520 ��°A� 11280 13040 14360 11120 13200 15280 16890 b�a1 'rxp 346D,".,a"„'3970.,1 '9`4353 "ate I,I'V p`, �?$ R�'�?_ .' STEP 4. SELECT FOOTING MATERIAL Select one of the products and materials from Table 8 for the footings. Minimum 6" thick poured -in -place concrete pads, slabs, or ribbons with at least a Poured concrete All soil types 28 day compressive strength of 3,000 psi. Cast -in -place concrete footings may also require reinforcing steel based on acceptable engineering practice, the design loads, and site specific soil conditions. Per Pad Manufacturers Use in accordance with the pad manufacturer's instructions. Must be certified for ABS plastic Instructions use In the soil classification at the site, listed or labeled for the required load capac- ity. May be placed directly on soil or concrete. 30 tfL STEP 5. SIZE FOOTINGS Once the -load on the footing and the soil bearing capacity are known, calculate the size of each footing as follows: 1. From Table 9 determine if the pier Is to be of single stack blocks (8 inch x16 inch) or double stack blocks (16 inch x 16 inch). 2. Locate the group of columns in Table 10 with the soil bearing capacity deter- mined in Prepare the Site, STEP_ S. DETERMINE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND FROST LINE (p. 17). Use the next lowest value if the exact value does not appear. 3. Find the row corresponding to the pier capacity required by Tables 5, 6 or 7. Then, read across the table to determine the minimum required footing area for the corresponding pier capacity and soil bearing capacity. . 4. The required.footing size and pier capacity may be changed by selecting differ- ent support spacing. TABLE 9. PIER CONFIGURATION Pler`Con fi ura0on g .- Height's Co Maximum load 0bs)-: Single Single stack blocks with long side Stack Less than 36 in' perpendicular to frame 1-beam or 6,500 7,680 parallel to perimeter rail (rim Joist) _ r�° 9) : MW ,Double Sigel) 67 Max, s I a00ar bout je Into Ioaked': blacks '1413,cb, t 16 360 Stack 67" Max. Triple, interlocked blocks 19,500 23,034 Doubts -�� ` Roin(or�d 908�Max srr+,� a ouble Interlock�ed'blocks ' .NA" �39500'') £ ..aw.Sv Single stack piers may be constructed up to 54" max. height only when Installed as pe- rimeter and marriage line support piers. Cross reference maximum allowable, pier height with maximum floor height listed In frame tiedown charts. 11 maximum height listed in frame tiedown charts is exceeded then designs must be provided by a registered professional engineer or registered architect. 31 \e J� u c d N E c v O o w v N N `tom •` Uiaa N C' N a y V N 1� 7 �Z;O _ U m e x S m xx 11 t0 x i6 N C o t0 C W a �' ♦ d U O U CN L N X C x W N x C •W' P C p .a L « e1w �W W O�h QN}O� 40 �M O W N N P W Q rl W �D Q N O W {O Q N O OIbQNO W 40 O W N W N W N W N N W N W�W W N N N W N W N W N W N W N W N W N O M m n 2f1 O Q p V W�e( Q N NW P N �O � W t0 P �D T h N W W k P OS}}50 K N 'r'1 N N mm N T Q Vi N N N Ul N 4O N n N W N W N O N M T O T W n m T P m Q Q Q {D O Q� kt N W Q M T ul n P Q e\ M N vY W 2M e'(#9 M' eM W M M <f M CI 'I e'f vt t'L t'1 e4 b1 N f1 *'�. M •1 N M M 1`S N W W N M M �W W/ W W V' •Y P p W M l0 M W N nN N Ntl '1 �y.. ei Yl O N b O IA P P P b W n W W W P n O n W r'I N W 1G T V N m N �G m Q n T Q W T O] N O Q Q 4U 4fl Q O V W O V Vl W N P� N P �G O n .% � yW N4�{ h W�tO�W b P W O N h p V n W 1D n d o ti *T •4 fl�f1 M >•-I ei N el 'i e'1 ei a1 e'I i'1 N N N N N N N N N-N N N N N N m T m T W O] W O My M OI Q O �6 N n T P N O �O N W M P ti W N W W O m Q W Q n P O N M N {O W P M btCY h 1O yp� N b O N N W a0 n nW vl W � O� 6 x N ti .N-I N aNI�-Iem1N la � r1 en1 N eW4 FI ePf N N N NN NmN NN. N N N N N N T 1~VI �N+f tmr� m tP+l �W+1 T T C O O O O Q V�NVQI vnt �O N n W ff ' I � A �W CW • o c �WWWW tiNNNW� �WWhNIb � nWb.+ OW m NNPWQNWV1NO Qvv v{�onWWPo.+h N N rvNmmm n M. m Qrvmm mWm abm Mv+m mWOQPM Wof�m��vc�m m a as Nbf11Tb WMnNWH(ng{QO rn HVQiv°i �`i w�8{en f bNW�O nnm Wm WNIOQW mmlo ao o.+ W. urvi m�N .+..�ry N�NNNNNN Jf ,j[4[4( y WW N W N Q Q Y� M n N P OIp N N P W W W P n O n 1G W T 10 Q 1!1 b Q n y D] Q P O eel Nf N NIM Q r'I rl !O O n{W O�Ct P W WIN n P W P T Q b IO W W P W O Ple.i O N NIA N < Q N G' y� ry TIT M m m T TQ Q QQ Q Q Q Q P Q In�N�m N. Y1 lG N �D tO �O n n n n �yIH �y f1 '1 O N{O O�tlAP Q* Nn t0OPW10'P �'TNO h W O m tG Qm P N VI HWIIW P W OINV�DNON�QHO Q W O n C C 40 SITQ m O O��h TNOPWnNQ OTu1W Q nOm NFL �S&hP aM VIOQWWmn p �-t Q {(l tD lf1 I'n Y1 P4 N 6$ N W M �D � O �O h {D P l0 O f.^ N Q nn n O m h Wi W W P W N P N PIP OOOO�fINNImQ -m e•l Me��'{ NP�O ..M ei rl �IW M W�PI00 rli flN N I NN N .1 .i N !V N N m MM V Q Q V V i!4 Vi V1 �y 'y �y e�l I I I i I I I I � 0 I I 0�0 00 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 oo 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 O O O 0 O 0 O 0 O 0 0 O O 0 0 0 O O o 0 O 0 O 0 O 0 0 00.00.0. o o O Oil o O W O O O VI 0 O OHO O N O O N o N O N O O O„ Q N W O N Q IO WO e'1 N M y IG n W P O •'I N T yy N �O n W P QN O N N Q b W VI VI Y110 O N 10 p 10 W W IO10 O N Q N N h W h W n O W WP P G„ M M ry �N-1 MmQ Q eP1 W Design footings to comply with the following additional requirements: • To keep footings directly under I -beams and other support -points, size them slightly larger than the minimum required area to allow slight adjustment of the pier location during home installation. • Design footings with a footing extension (projection beyond the base.of the pier) no greater than the footing thickness (Figure 11). Increase footing thick- ness if necessary. Figure 11. Maximum footing extensions 18'6t.00K aI ,YPZ xa• YES �rrNGE EN NOMDE nEnuNBY u�B• �a\ NO OR LESS THICIDNEss / YES `Cos' a' B' P a• 1W BLOCK a• SW.rr FOOTING SPLrr FODIING TYP L W YES EXTENDS ESS NO ExTENDS MORE PREcnsr ORro REDFOOT:R I .THANONEWIRD TI ONE THIRD MICH EXTENDS PAST ALLOWABLE / rSYADTH "NOTH PRONECnON MAY NOT BE INCLUDED IN FOOTER AREA • The footing sizes shown are for square pads and are based on the surface ar- ea (square inches). Design non -square footings such that the area and thick- ness is equal to or greater than the area of the square footing shown in Table 10 and the distance from the edge of the pier to the edge of the footing is not more than the thickness of the footing. Footers may be either 4-inch precast or poured or a combination of both with a combined thickness complying with the requirements of Table 10A. TABLE 10A. FOOTER THICKNESS PoutedtnPtacoFoagngfor' Sfagie Staak Poured16,06c6O&AIngfor lb ?AM Tooter iNax Tooter:.° Max. Aroa;; netn Footar Max FOptor Max `Area �.. . ffiektless : Dimenslort TlTlckneae g phnensiott x') 6 28 x 20 560 6 28 x 28 784 17 32x24 ,p - - p 8 ,< '. .32x32s 1F�r°a�024.7:7 �" �. I". 1q 36 x 28 1008 10 36 x 36 1296 7TIW7 b ^�i2 ' Ox'+10 7 51800 ``:; "ImLaALL 14 44 x 44 1936 ?. 6 16 a v xe d 3N xXp E a..`k .. a --•y]UI N it ' STEP 6. INSTALL FOOTINGS Construct the footings as follows: / • Maintain the distance between adjacent piers to within 10% of the tabulated ., spacing and so the average distance between piers is equal to Or less than the Placing Concrete anchors. tabulated spacing. If anchors will be placed in • Whenever possible, place pier supports directly under the required locations. If concrete follow instructions plumbing, electrical or mechanical equipment interferes, place supports no in Install Stabilizing Sys - more than 6 inches in either direction of the support point. tern (p. 74) to determine • _ Recess perimeter pier supports no more than 10 inches from the edge of the anchor layout. Either place floor with added support as shown in Figure 12. anchors immediately after the concrete has been poured or drill them in after the concrete has set. a TYPICAL FLOOR JOIST HAROwOOq 4z40RTW0 CAP BLOCK 9cd8 NAILED TOGETHER ON EDGE. MUST SPAN A FLOOR RIM MINIMUM OF TWO FLOOR JOIST JOISTS. fe MAXMUM i SETBACKFROM EDGE OF FLOOR BLOCKS PARALLEL WITH EDGE OFFLOOR BLOCKS PARALLEL MID RECESSED BACK 'FROM EDGE OF FLOOR • If footings are rectangular, orient them so that the long side is perpendicular to the home's I-beam. • Place the bottom of footings on undisturbed soil or fill compacted to at least 90% of its maximum relative density. ' • In freezing climates protect footings from the effects of frost heave in accord- ance with any LAW requirements (see Prepare the Site, p. 15). Place the bot- tom of the footings below the frost fine. Insulated foundations or other frost pro - faction options are acceptable when designed by a registered engineer or reg- Istered architect. Monolithic slabs.are allowed above frost depth when de- signed by a registered engineer or registered architect to resist the effects of frost heave. Anchprage requirements. must be Included with each registered engineer or registered architect design when the anchorage requirements listed in this manual cannot be accommodated. Prior to obtaining an alternative design contact the home building facility for available approvad alternative de- signs or instructions for submitting an alternative design. • Make sure the top surface of the fooling Is level, flat and smooth. Figure 12. Perimeter sup- ports @Excavation. If excavation is required, mark the footing locations on the ground with stakes before beginning to dig. Construct Foundation (FOR HOMES WITH LOAD BEARING PERIMETER WALL) This chapter provides guidelines and recommendations for the design and construction of a basement or crawlspace foundation using a load bearing perimeter wall. A load bearing perimeter wall fdundation system uses a wall along the outer edge of the home to support the home's outside walls. This perimeter support works with interior supports such as piers, columns and cross beams that support the home's frame and, if multi -section, marriage line. . . STEP 1. OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN If a load bearing perimeter wail foundation design has not been provided by the home manufacturer, it is the responsibility of the retailer and/or home owner to provide a de- sign approved by an engineer or architect, licensed.in the state where the home will be installed. The approved design must comply with the LAHJ regulations for foundation design, waterproofing and drainage, and the following: • The foundation perimeter bearing wall must be supported with a concrete slab or continuous strip footing around the perimeter of the home. Interior piers must be supported by a slab or footings. If footings are used under interior piers, they may be designed as in Design Frame and Perimeter Supports, p. 25. • Slabs must extend to the edges of the home. IMPORTANT: Verify the di- mensions of the actual floor width leg. a 26' wide home does not meas- ure 28 feet In width). • Footings and slabs must be protected from the effects of frost heave by ex- tending the footings to or below the frost line or by using a frost protected shallow foundation design. STEP 2. EXCAVATE Excavate for the foundation, properly disposing of the earth that is not needed for backfill or site grading purposes. STEP 3. CONSTRUCT THE FOOTINGS OR SLAB Construct the foundation according to the approved design, including the perimeter foundation wall, drainage system, footing(s) and/or slab. STEP 4. CONSTRUCT THE PERIMETER WALL Unless the approved design requires otherwise, construct the perimeter wall with mor- tared and reinforced concrete blocks or reinforced poured -in -place concrete. Install re- inforcement according to the approved design or LAHJ. Install ventilation and access openings according to the approved design, or if not specified, according to the re- quirements in Complete Under the Home, STEP 3 INSTALL SKIRTING (p. 113). i 0 /z Using engineered designs. This section is NOT intend- ed to provide a complete design for a buildable foun- dation. A complete design must be obtained that is suitable for the local area and sealed by a professional engineer or registered archi- tect, licensed in the state. Alternate foundation designs must be approved by the manufactururer and DAPIA. Prior to obtaining an alterna- tive design contact the home building facility for available approved alternative de- signs or instructions for submitting an alternative de- sign.The manufacturer is capable of providing limited model specific foundation designs upon request. Foundation ready home. Make sure that homes to be installed on a basement or a crawlspace have been or- dered with a recessed frame or as a basement -ready frame system, where the Where open slatted deck boards are used at recessed entries and porches, provisions must be made to ensure water isnotpermitted to drain into the area under the condi- tioned portion of the home. Any perimeter type skirting or foundation wall should be.in- �_ stalled to follow the exterior of the wall of the home and permit ihe'area beneath the When constructing pockets for a cross beam system, measure the beam depth and 10- rate the pockets carefully,. It is critical that the home's frame rests on top of the cross beam and the perimeter of the floor rests squarely on the foundation wall sill plate (Figure 13). Leave room for a_two-inch nominal, hardwood spacer or steel plate spac- er on top of the wall pockets (to prevent corrosion, the steel beams must notbe indi- rect contact with concrete). Leave at least one inch for thermal expansion at the ends of the beams and maintain a minimum of two inches of bearing area for thebeams in the pockets (yielding a minimum pocket depth of three inches). Bolt a pressure treated wood sill plate (minimum 2 x 6) to the top of the foundation wall. If the home's siding cannot be nailed through, use a 2 x 10 sill plate that extends into the foundation 1-1/4 inches (Figure 14). The home can then be connected to the foundation by fastening the sill plateinto the floor joists from below. Connect the home to the foundation according to the approved design (See Step 1): FLOOR JOIST 2x 10 SILL PLATE FOUNDATION WALL frame is designed to avoid interference with the founda- tion wall. For basements, check for a high water table. The water table may vary seasonally or based on weather condi- tions. A geologist can per- form an algae test to de- termine the water table.lev- el. The foundation design must account for a high wa- ter table. Level the wall. Make sure the foundation is level and straight with no more than a 1/4 inch vertical variation over the entire foundation and no more than 118 inch vertical variation over any two -foot length. Check for Plates. When us- ing a cross beam system, check and compensate for reinforcement,plates that add thickness to the chas- sis beam at axle locations. Figure 13. Cross beam in- stallation Figure 14. Connection using 2 x 10 sill plate STEP 5. INSTALL INTERIOR SUPPORTS. Install piers, columns and cross beams to support the interior of the home according to .the approved design. STEP 6. DAMP PROOF FOUNDATION WALL Damp or water proof foundation walls as necessary'according to local jurisdiction re- .. quiremeots. - - STEP 7. BACKFILL AND GRADE Backfili against the'foundatiori will -to.the height of the damp proofing.Take care to not "damage the drainage system. Gr4de the fill as• per Prepare the Site (p. 15). i i Footing heights. Pour foot- ings to a height that will re- duce the need to cut blocks or shim when building pe- rimeter walls and piers. I , :i // Backfilling. Backfill against basement walls only after the home is connected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. This chapter describes the process of installing the first section of the home (for single section homes this is the only sea STEP 1. PREPARE FOR SET Before beginning the home set, complete the following: • Confirm that the site is properly cleared and, graded (see Prepare the Site, p. 15. • Ensure that the footings are in place and properly located. • Install any utilities that will be difficult to install (e.g. those below grade be- neath the home) after the home is in place. • Secure or remove from the home and properly store all ship loose items (refer to shipping documents for items shipped with the home). • Inspect the home interior, exterior and all provided materials, appliances and equipment. Immediately report any damage or shortages to the manufacturer. For perimeter bearing wall foundations: • Check that the actual length and width of the home matches the foundation walls. • Check that the two main diagonal measurements of the foundation are equal. • Check that the foundation walls and other support points are within 1/4 inch of level overall and within 1/8 inch of level within any four foot distance. • For multi -section homes, check that each pair of diagonal measurements for each portion of the foundation corresponding to a home section are equal. • For multi -section homes, find the electrical bonding lugs on the front or rear outriggers. Reverse them to the inside of the outrigger so they will be access- ible after the home is placed on the foundation walls. • If using a cross beam system, remove the frame's shackle hanger if it will in- terfere with proper placement of the beam. STEP 2. POSITION HOME SECTION Position the home section in its final location (if possible, move the heaviest section of the home into place first). Then place materials needed to construct support piers near their final locations under the home as determined in Install Footings, (p. 20). STEP 3. LIFT HOME There are three primary methods available to place the home on the foundation: jack- ing, rolling and craning. Jacks, often with roller systems, are typically used for pier and anchor foundations; roller systems are commonly used for crawlspace foundations with load bearing perimeter walls; and cranes are most commonly used for basement foun- dations. JACKS If jacks are to be used, comply with all jacking safety precautions and the procedure below. Lifting the home with jacks involves potential risks and must be done with ut- i ! ®s Clearances under the home. After the home is leveled, the resulting dis- tance between the bottom of the entire chassis main frame beam and the ground must be no less than 12 inches. Utilize proper cribbing. Homes weigh several tons. No one should be under the home (whether it is moving or stationary) unless proper cribbing is in place (Figure 16). Fail- ure to utilize proper crib- bing may result in serious injury or death. 011-eveling During Jacking. Keep the home's floor as level as possible during jacking. Twisting or warping the floor can dam- age the structure and finish- ing. Use as many jacks as necessary to keep the floor flat and level. most care and caution. Failure to follow jacking warnings and procedures may result in serious injury or death. Please read the Jacking Safety Precautions before lifting the home with jacks. . . . . I . - t- ad or while the home is supported only on the jacks. - s Use jacks only for raising the home. Oo not rely on the jacks to support the " horfie. • If possible, raise the home only on one side so Ihat'the other sidd Is In contact, i with the ground. Leave Ehe hitch connected to the vehicle or other stabilizing equipment= a a n 0 s •, Obey all OSHA: regulations... • Make sure adequate safety onbbing (Figure 15) is m place whenever they ,home is placed on jacks., _,_` n Follow the jacking sequence outlined below to avoid overstressing structural members: 1. Block wheels. Block the wheels so the house does not roll. 2. Install cribbing. Install safety cribbing (Figure 15) Figure 15. Stack 4" x 6" by 5' long timbers as shown to form safety timbers. Place safety timbers under home behind axfe area and under hitch. i 3. LeVel lengthwise. Locate one Jack at the hitch and level the section leng- thwise (such Thal the front and rear bf the section are at the same height). 4. Locate frame jacks. Place a minimum of one jack in front of the first spring hanger and another just behind the last spring hanger of the I-beam on the ' side of the home that is lowest (making sure not to place jacks where the piers will go). Place jacks no more than 20 feet apart and no more than 20 feet from each end of the I-beam. 5. Lift the home. Operating the jacks simultaneously (or sequentially in very small increments), lift the home section until it is slightly higher than the final desired pier height. M; ROLLER SYSTEMS When using a roller system, comply with the equipment manufacturers directions and the following sequence: both sides of the foundation. 2. Setup rollers. Set up the roller system according to the equipment manufac- turers directions. 3. Fasten bump.blocks. Temporarily fasten wooden bump blocks on the sill plates at the ends of the foundation to stop the home from rolling at the de- sired location. 4. Rail home. Roll the home into place over the foundation. 5. Remove bump blocks. Remove the blocks before installing the next section of a multi -section home. - CRANES When using a crane, follow these guidelines: , • Position the home section(s) and crane (taking the boom reach into consider- ation) such that they do not have to be repositionedduring the set. • Use enough properly sizedstraps to maintain balance of the home and to prevent damage to the structure. ' • Place straps under walls or posts, including temporary posts used to support the opening. Do not position lifting straps under marriage wall openings. • Use a properly sized spreader bar to maintain a vertical lift, to avoid placing compression forces on the eaves and to reduce any tendency to slip. • Connect a rope to at least one point on the home so it can be controlled while aloft. • Make provisions to retrieve the straps/cables after the home is set. If using a cradle system, notch the sill plate where the straps will fall. For a sling sys-- tem, notch and reinforce the home's rim joist tokeep the strap from slipping and allow the strap to be removed after the home is set. - Always set the home section farthest from the crane first so that subsequent section(s) need not be lifted over preyiously set sections. - . STEPA CONSTRUCT PIERS For the side of the home section that is up an jacks, place piers on footings or pads fol- lowing the home manufacturers blocking plan (or tags). If no plan was provided, use the support plan developed in Install Footings (p. 20). Start at one end of the home section and work toward the other noting the required pier material specifications and procedure'described below. Construct piers so as to provide a stable foundation for the home using materials listed in the specifications box below and based on the location of the pier and its height as measured from the lop of the footing, pad or grade to the top of the cap. The pier height can be measured from the lowest surrounaing grade to the top of the cap when grade level is above the top of the footing. See Table 12 for pier construction require- ments. U11 No one should be under the home while it is suspended. Never put your hands be- tween the home and the pe- rimeter walls. - Designing piers. Incorrect size, location or spacing of piers may result in serious structuraldamage to the home. Install piers at all re- quiredlocations. Failure to do so may lead to sagging Floors; walls and roofs, and could void the home's war- ranly. TABLE 11. PIER MATERIAL MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS tg wCoroponent '!a s Speeif7ea6on '-`ell t Concrete Block Nominal dimensions of at least 8' x 8' x 16"; confirming to ASTM designation C90 `a rki re' 9obd masg2xY (nommatsa x6 xaA6 pre -cast conctetewtthouitrainiorcamanq;j[e�ted br hardS$ood (umber. 2`x 8"x 16) o(stegl (minknfim atl2"thidit conosron protected by a nun. of a LO in0 cda6ng otan a. 'xi, J'xteJtok,Pq or'egolval'bt)t" . °.fix y ^[ - Spacers Hardwood plates no thicker than 2" nominal or 4" nominal concrete block used to fill vertical gaps. "` ' " Sh(mapact wedg- `When requitesd �no...... ldrfeh b 64nFhby t meh rr ax vertical F(elght)vfCgd"5hirits used in°Pairs Some Slates riles fovmsA and M rq rudpaMres ma ` re txtU � fire case of hardwood or treated lumber . eSltlms-,Oth6f listed shims?nay 68 used ifmsfalled inaccoidance with"the hstin9 (tnax load`cap aty)., , Available in various sizes stamped with maximum load capacity and listed or labeled for the required verti- Commercial metal or pre- cal load rapacity, and, where required by design, for the appropriate horizontal load capacity. Metal or cast concrete piers other manufactured piers must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of .30 oz per sq. ft of surface coated. Manu- factured pier heights must be selected so that the adjustable risers do not extend more than 2 inches. Press a treated wood ' arvater horns preseyaEi)•e In aocardanca wkh AWPA Standard Ui-04 kir""-lJse Category AB ground` _• .a„ ;contactappheaUons r 3 TABLE 12. PIER CONSTRUCTION Plet'locafion �a Hefght A '" Co flgaretlon Maximum offset .' Maadfnum Load (Iks) - .. y; g , . -.. - °'- .. = lop tabottom e .. � Without Mprtar � , . With Mortar ' Single stack blocks with long s a Less than 36 in • side perpendicular to frame %, 6,500 7,680 I-beam , Fyd1no a Betweein and 6Z in ; Doubla interlocked blocks 1 '= 13,0001bs.l. " ev, g T+ Or"'Mor Between 36 in and 67 in Triple, interlocked blocks 1" 19,6001bs. 23,034 *' r ~ Oaubie idocked rains Between 68,14 aMIa106 in - NA '39 SW q"fon;atlbiores ,,, e.:.ry ee e r _ =es e,7, Single stack blocks with long_ -- Perimeter 54 in or less " side parallel to perimeter rail YZ 6,500 7,680 (rim joist) Marr2agallna a54morfe§s �r Sngleestaatt blocks lvW ing side parperidiqularto the„ m rr age line . Single stack piers may be constructed up to 54" max. height only when installed as perimeter and marriage line support piers. •' Cross reference maximum allowable pier height with maximum allowable floor height listed in frame tiedown charts. If maximum height listed in frame fiedown charts is exceeded, then designs must be provided by a registered professional en- gineer or registered architect. Maximum horizontal offset of/:" allowed for pier heights up to 36" and a 1" offset allowed for pier heights between 36" and 67". 2. Prepare footing surface. Make sure the footing surface upon which the pier sits is flat and smooth. Before placing the pier on the footing, clean dirt, rocks or other material off the surface of the footing. If the footing surface is uneven, create a level, flat surface by mortaring on the first block (or manufactured pier base) or by placing the first block (or manufactured pier base) on a layer of premix dry sand mortar. Stack blocks. Stack concrete blocks with their hollow cells aligned vertically. When piers are constructed of blocks stacked side -by -side, orient each layer at right angles to the previous one (Figure 16) and plan blocks so that split caps will be perpendicular to the blocks they rest on and perpendicular to the main I-beam. SINGLE STACK PIER 3. 4. SPACER u� PIER WITH (4) r #4 VERTICAL I REBAR.OROUT II ¢ CELLS SOLID' a a TO FOOTING. m CONCRETE F ru w FOOTING _ = BELOW FROST LINE. REINFORCED WITH (3) #4 REBAR DOUBLE STACK TRIPLE STACK EACH WAY. REINFORCED PIER, PIER DOUBLE STACK PIER Cap piers. Place a cap on hollow block piers to evenly distribute the structural load. Use caps the same length and width as the piers they rest upon. When using split caps on double -stacked block piers, Install the caps with the long dimension perpendicular to the joint in the blocks below and perpendicular to the main I-beam. Install shims. Use shims to level the home and fill any gaps between the base of the I-beam and the top of the pier cap. When required, always use shims in pairs (Figure 17). Drive them in tightly so they do not occupy more than one inch of vertical space. When the space to be shimmed is greater than one inch and less than the minimum thickness of available caps or con- crete blocks, use hardwood dimensional lumber (two inches maximum thick- ne%) b4" thick concrete block. For split caps, install shims and dimensional lunil>e<Locks Over each individual cap. Two cap blocks may be used as the cap on double block piers provided the joint between the cap blocks is per- pendicular to the joint between the open cell concrete blocks and is also per- pendicular to the I-beam supported by the pie 5. Set up level. Set up a water level with the fluid level at the desired height of the main piers. Carefully lower the side of the section down onto the leveled piers, adjusting the final height with shims. 42 MIN. DIAMETER OF, BEND SHALL BE 3• AS MEASURED FROM INSIDE OF REINFORCING BAR$ WITH AS" LONGMIN. LEG. Figure 16. Frame piercon- struction. Curing time of mortar. Where wet mortar is used to construct or level piers, al- lowed it to cure to at least 80% of strength capacity (usually requiring 96 hours) before setting the home. Figure 17., correct shim placement @Dimensions of masonry perimeter walls. If using a masonry perimeter enclosure, calculate pier heights so that the enclo- sure can be built using standard unit dimensions (without cutting). Level the home. The home is adequately leveled if there is no more than 1/4 inch differ- ence between adjacent pier supports (frame or perime- ter) and the exterior doors and windows of the home do not bind and can be properly operated. If differences in pier heights occur, drain lines should be inspected to correct reverse slope situa- tions. Water level operation. To operate the water level property, both ends of the system must be open to the atmosphere and there must be approximately the same amount of fluid in the tubing at all times (within a few inches). 6. Completethe opposite side. Jack the other side of the section up and install piers following the instructions above. At the completion of this step, the sec- tion should be level from front to rear and from side It, side. 7. Install perimeter and marriage Ifni piers. Install perimeter piers and for multi -section homes, marriage line piers. Position marriage line piers to pro- vide equal bearing for both mating sections. 6. Remove running gear. Remove and store; recycle or properly dispose of the hitch, axles and wheels. These items are the property of the homeowner un- less other contractual arrangements have been made. 43 Complete Multi -Section Set This chapter covers the preparation and installation of additional home sections, including the structural connections be- tween -units; raising-and.fasteninghinged roofs and fastening the home to a load bearing perimeter wall foundation. STEP 1. INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE ANCHORS i If the home is in Wind Zone II or III, install ground anchors along the marriage line how', before mating sections are joined see Install Stabilizing System (p. 74). After instal- ling marriage line anchors return to this point in Complete Multi -Section Set. ' STEP 2. REMOVE PROTECTIVE SHIPPING MATERIALS Remove all shipping protection and associated fasteners from both home sections to Checklists -for alternate construction. If the serial. be joined, including plastic used to close up the open sides during transportation. Do I number (see the data plate not remove the temporary supports holding up the ceilings at major openings. Wind or the front cross wrap (such as Tyvek or other similar product) will be installed over the exterior wall chassis member) has the letters OSB sheathing and under the shipping plastic. Be careful not to damage the wind wrap "AC' before or after it, then when removing the shipping plastic. the Alternate Construction STEP 3. COMPLETE HINGED ROOF on -site check list supplied with the home must be If the home has a hinged roof that has been folded down for shipping, refer to Appen- completed and returned to dix D for hinged truss installation information. the home manufacturer in a timely manner. If the AC i checklist relates to the roof, then failure -to do so may require.fdture disassembly of the roof and further in- spections. STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET A continuous, non -porous gasket creating a permanent air barrier will be installed on at least one side of the marriage line; the floor, i • // r along end walls and ceiling (and marriage lines for any tag units). The'manufacturer has provided a marriage line gasket either installed on the home or shipped loose. If installed, inspect the gasket and repair any Checking through-the-fim- gaps or tears. ducts. Ensure that through - If not installed at the factory, install a continuous gasket between the home sections the -rim -duct connections are secure and tight after along the floor, end walls and ceiling. the home sections are to - For homes with through -the -rim crossover ducts (see Connect Crossovers, p.61) in- gether. spect and if necessary, repair gaskets around the rim joist duct openings using 3/4 inch thick fiberglass duct board or other material acceptable to the manufacturer. Ensure that duct openings are unobstructed. STEP 5. POSITION ADDITIONAL HOME SECTIONS Follow this procedure to install additional home sections: 1. Remove obstructions. Remove protruding nails and staples or anything else that will keep the home sections from fitting together snugly. If present, cut the eMechanical temporary ceiling and floor plates at the edges of marriage line openings tak- posi- ing care not to damage ceiling or floor coverings or displace temporary mar- tioning system. For a pier- riage line support posts (these supports and the plates will be removed after the home sections have been structurally connected). set home, a mechanical 2. Complete crossovers. Before moving the two sections together, complete positioning system (such as a roller system) will make any crossover connections that require access from the open marriage line, including the attic duct connection (if present) and marriage wall interior eleo- the process easier and sa- fer and be less likely to trical connections (see Connect Crossovers, p.61). damage the home. 3. Position section. Position the section as closely as possible (ideally within six inches) and line up with the previously set section. If using a mechanical positioning system or crane, follow the system manufacturer's instructions or , // the crane operator's directions. 4. Construct piers. With the outside walls of the home aligned, construct the Safety. Remember to place piers for the home section according to the instructions in Set the Home safety timbers under home (p.38) before continuing to the steps below. behind axle area and under 5. Level section. Lower the section onto the outside piers first, inside piers last. hitch. Before releasing the mechanical positioning system, check interior doorways and other openings for misalignments that may cause problems during trim - out. The floors should be flush, level and tight and the roof section should have little, if any, gap at the top of the marriage line. Use at least two come -a- Sealing gaps. Prior to com- longs to pull the sections snugly together and use the water level or other pletion of the exterior close - leveling device to set all piers and shims. up, gaps that do not exceed 6. Shim gaps. Shim any gaps up to one inch between structural elements with one inch are permitted be - dimensional lumber. If any gaps exceed one inch, re -position the home to tween structural elements eliminate such gaps. provided that the gaps are closed before completion of S STEP 6. CONNECT FLOORS close-up, the home sec - tions are in contact with each other; and the mar - Make floor structural connections according to the appropriate method described below. riage gasket provides a A sealing gasket shall be present between marriage line rim joists. proper seal. Alternate 1: Toed fasteners through bottom board Make connections according to the fastener specifications in Table 13 and Figure 18. Fasteners on each side of marriage line shall be staggered and offset by twice the spacing distance (Figure 18A). Repair any tears or holes in the bottom board after installation of fasteners. A)l TABLE 13. FLOOR CONNECTION FASTENING SPECIFICATIONS Lag screw era- x a-ve-- 24 6-1f2° MAY BE SINGLE OR ^ TAPE OVER BOTTOM BOARD DAMAGE FASTENER LOCATION MARRIAGE LINE 2x SPACING FROM TABLE �—x 2x SPACING FROM TABLE x SPACING FROM TABLE SPACING FROM TABLE 2x SPACING FROM TABLE x� 2x SPACING FROM TABLE Figure 18. Floor connection through bottom board Figure 18A. Staggered off- set fastening along marriage line Additional fastening requirements: • Wind Zones 2 and 3 require metal strap per specifications below. • Fasteners to be installed at approximately a 45 degree angle from horizontal. • Two additional fasteners are required at each end of the home. • One additional fastener is required at each side of through -the -rim crossover L . •y� duct openings. �. ••' t�.t O =4% . •, Increase fastener length by three inches for double rim joists.- TLg • Lags to include washer. C _ .tcnfCt; r�tntti x�•lf lrr: �.4'tt S Metal strap and fastening specifications (required for Wind Zones 2 and 3): • Strap to be min 26ga 1-1/2" wide galvanized steel strap spaced per.Ta- his 13A and Table 13B. Strap length shall be sufficient to hold the a re- quired fasteners (Figure 18B). 13A. MAXIMUM STRAP SPACING ,,26 ga. x 1-1/2" 32 in. 32 In. TABLE 138. STRAP FASTENING MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS 26 ga. x 1-1/2' 318" x 3-1/2" Lag Screw 1 each side SEE CHART FORFOR 3, _ PAGNFLOOR JOIST � MARRIAGE LINE METALSrRAP Ii^II MARRIAGE LINE LAG SCREWS PER TABLE 13B STEP 7. CONNECT WALLS LAG SCREWS PER TABLE 13 METAL STRAP Make wall structural connections according to the appropriate method described below. Bolt or lag end studs behind sheathing Make connections by installing fasteners in the end wall (Figure 19) according to the fastener specifications and spacing requirements in Table 14, and the following re- quirements: • For bolts, predrill holes and use washers both sides and nuts. • After the walls have been connected, install the exterior wall sheathing.pa- nels if they were shipped loose. Install shipped loose sheathing using min 15ga x 7/16" x 1-112" staples or 6d nails spaced 2 inches ox for OSB-and 3 inches o.c . for other exterior materials to all horizontal and vertical framing members. FASTENERS Figure 188. Strapping at marriage line floor connec- tion 1 Figure.119. Endwalt connec- tion TABLE 14. END WALL CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS Top, center, bottom Lag Screw Double 318" x 6' xT° z77 F�o,`erL Lag Screw `` Sing a 18' x3" mop center bottom _' Bolt _�� �'� Single' 'g°`- •3(8 ic5''w°"112 x 5 ; q a°'foR��!der hotLortr �-- Wood Screw* Any #8x4" 6"±1/2'o.c. *ALTERNATIVE SHOWN IN FIGURE 19A. All sheathing is installed in manufactruring facility. (Pre -drilled holes may be present as a result of the manufacturing process.) Mate line is secured with #8 x 4" wood screws over sheathing. Refer to above chart for fastener spacing. Wood screws are toe -nailed. Entry should begin approximately 1-5/16" from mate line. Screw should penetrate at approxi- mately a 30-degfee angle. Screw must achieve 1-1/2" penetration into side member. 98 x 4" WOOD SCREWS=� INSTALLED ' ON — ALTERNATING SIDES OF THE 'MATE LINE APPROX 1-5/18" W O j Figure 19A. Toe -screwed WALL COVERING jq alternative fastening APPLIED ATMANUFACTURING`FACILITY MINIMUM PENETRATION l E 1 a9 48 STEP 8. CONNECT ROOF MULTI SECTION HOME RIDGE LINE Make roof structural connections according to the appropriate method described below. If the home has a hinged roof, see also the section on hinge roof raising and fastening. Standard Ridge Bolts Install a'/2" bolt, (2) 15/16" washers and nuts in all pre -drilled holes in the ridge beam. Bolts, washers and nuts will be provided by the manufacturer. Single bolt holes will be pre -drilled by the manufacturer at intervals of 12" to 48" along the length of the ridge beam. Wind Zone 11 & III Requirements (Also a requirement In Wind Zone I when the roof decking is the diaphragm) Additional straps and screws are required as shown on the following pages. These straps and screws are in addition to the bolts discussed above. TRUSS TOP CHORD CONTINUOUS . ALTERNATE #1 WOOD BLOCKING OR RIDGEBEAM EACH HALF , 25GA 1-10 STRAP SPACED: • 98.O.C. (MA)Q FOR WIND ZONE I & 11 • 80.O.C. (MAX) FOR WIND ZONE UI SECURE EACH END OF EACH STRAP WITH: - (10)15GA x 1-1Q' STAPLES OR (10) 0.099' x 1' NAILS OR - - - - • . . (10) 0.120• x 1-1/4' NAILS OR (Mp (7) 0A31' x 1-1/4' NAILS r (MAX)AND 1' ) GAP #10 x 4' SCREWS SPACED 12' O.C. BETWEEN ROOF - (STAGGERED FROM SIDE TO SIDE DECKING AND 29 '�� AT 30 DEGREE ANGLE FROM VERTICAL . copmNuo(Is wow 2x SPF 02 MIN FASTENED TO EACH - BLOCIONG OR - - TRUSS WITH: RDGEBEAM EACH HALF- (5) .131' x 3' NAILS OR (10)150A 7115' THICIONESS HOT TO Figure 28. Roof connechch- x 2-1PY STAPLES W/ TRUSSES ZV O.C. EXCEED 1-1PP A(temate #2 must be used with (ZONE I & II OPTION) OR. Ridge Vents (4).131'x3'NAILSOR(8)15GA7118'x- 2-1/2'STAPLES W/TRUSSES I6'OC. ALTERNAiE#2 . (ZONE 11 OR ZONE III) (IYP EACH HALF) - .. . WIND ZONE 11 AND III ROOF CONNECTIONS (USE W WIND ZONE 1 WHEN ROOF DE(2C0•IG IS THE DIAPHRA M) 8•(MIN)CEMENTREQUIREDBEN1LAAIIIIIt��' '�,; AT PEAK K(RTH �EFERto `P���'•P •N Mq9�'� INSTRUCTIONS BELO1A) Eiji •• ROOF DECIONO SHINGLE -Z UNDERIAYMENT r. ..p . Cir AG RI E TRUSS TOP CHORD TRUSS IONGPOST �••,� A¢RG ��L• `� i J�: RIDGEBEAM OF HOME il .. pO'�0 .29INSTRUCTIONS: 1. THE TEMPORARY PIECE OF DECIONG MATERIAL IS TO BE REMOVED ALONG THE RIDGE •����//'tl OF HOME TO ALLOW THE INSTALLATION OF THE RIDGE BEAM CONNECTING BOLTS. 2. AFTER RIDGEBEAM BOLTS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED, SECURE DECIONG MATERULL BACK . IN PLACE WITH 15GA Mir STAPLES 2-1W O.C. INTO TRUSS TOP CHORDS OR 80 NAILS 2-1/2. O.C. INTO TRUSS TOP C(iORD& ' 3. BEFORE INSTALLING SHINGLES AT RIDGE PEAK, YOU MUST CEMENTTHE UNDERLAYMENT TO THE ROOF DECIONG WITH.vo.(MIN) CEMENT STRIP ALONG THE PEAK OF THE ROOF ON BOTH HALVES OF THE HOME, 4. SHINGLES MAY THEN BE INSTALLED PER MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS. SHINGLE UNDERIAYMENT AND CEMENT APPLICATION AT ROOF PEAK - 1%7 #10 x 4• SCREWS SPACED 10' O.C. (STAGGERED FROM SIDE TO SIDE AT 30 DEGREE ANGLE FROM VERTICAL 2x SPF 02 MIN FASTENED TO EACH TRUSS WITH: (5)'.131•x 3' NAILS OR(10) 15GA 7116- - _ x 2-10 STAPLES W/ TRUSSES 24- O.C. (4) .131' x 3' NAILS OR (S)15GA 7/16' x 2-1W STAPLES W/TRUSSES 16" O.C. (TYP EACH HALF) ALTERNATE 93 2- (MAX) AND 1' (MIN) AIR GAP BETWEEN ROOF DECKING AND 2x EDGERAIL. DECKING TO EXTEND TO PEAK WHEN RIDGE VENT NOT INSTALLED IN THAT AREA CONTINUOUS WOOD BLOCKING OR RIDGEBEAM EACH HALF. THICKNESS NOT TO EXCEED 1-10 TRADITIONAL RIDGEBEAM BOLTS ARE NOT REQUIRED Figure 20A. Roof connection - Alternate #3 with ceiling board diaphragm iAGIUCI 01 , OF � 1 26GA 1-VY STRAPS SPACED: 1) 80. O.C. (MAX) FOR 24. OIC TRUSSES IN WIND ZONE 1 & 16' O/C TRUSSES IN 2) 72- O.C. (MAX) FOR 24' O/C TRUSSEI IN WIND ZONE 2 & 16' O/C TRUSSES IN WIND ZONE 3. SECURE EACH END OF EACH STRAP WITH: (10)15GA x 1-1/2' STAPLES OR (10) 0.088' x l' NAILS OR - (10) 0.120' x 1-1/4' NAILS OR (7) 0.131' x 1-1/4' NAILS #10 x 4' SCREWS SPACED W O.C. (STAGGERED FROM SIDE TO SIDE AT 30 DEGREE ANGLE FROM VERTICAL SCREWS MAY BE INSTALLED THROUGH DECKING PROVIDED A 1-10 MINIMUM PENETRATION IS MAINTAINED INTO THE WOOD BLOCKING. 2K SPF #2 MIN FASTENEDJEACHTRUSS WITH: (5).131'xW NAILS OR(10x 2-112' STAPLES W/TRU(ZONE I & II OPTION) ORALTERNATE #4 (4).131'x 3'NAILS OR (8)2-10 STAPLES W/ TRUSS (ZONE II OR ZONE III) (TYP EACH HALF) ROOF TRUSS TOP CHOR TRUSS KINGPOST Y (MAX) AND 1' (MIN) AIR GAP BETWEEN ROOF DECKING AND 2x EDGERAIL DECKING TO EXTEND TO PEAK WHEN RIDGE VENT NOT INSTALLED IN THATARFA I BLOCKING EACH HALF. THICKNESS NOT TO EXCEED 1-1@' 6' (MIN) CEMENT REQUIRED BENEATH UNDERLAYMENTAT PEAK (REFER TO INSTRUCTIONS BELOW) UNDERLAYMENT RIDGEBEAM / (E OF HOME INSTRUCTIONS: 1. THE TEMPORARY PIECE OF DECKING MATERIAL MAY BE REMOVED ALONG THE RIDGE OF HOME TO ALLOW THE INSTALLATION OF THE CONNECTING SCREWS. 2. AFTER SCREWS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED, SECURE DECKING MATERIAL BACK IN PLACE WITH 16GA 1-112' STAPLES 2-10 O.C. INTO TRUSS TOP CHORDS OR 8D NAILS 2-10 O.C. INTO TRUSS TOP CHORDS. 3. BEFORE INSTALLING SHINGLES AT RIDGE PEAK, YOU MUST CEMENT THE UNDERLAYMENT TO THE ROOF DECKING WITH 8' (MIN) CEMENT STRIP ALONG THE PEAK OF THE ROOF ON BOTH HALVES OF THE HOME. 4. SHINGLES MAY THEN BE INSTALLED PER MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS. SHINGLE UNDERLAYMENT AND CEMENT APPLICATION AT ROOF PEAK Figure 20B. Roof connection- A/temlate#4 with roof decking diaphragm k This page intentionally left blank. STEP 9. ATTACH TAG UNITS ;• After the main unit has been set on its foundation, install,all tag units according to the = f / following procedure:• -' 1. Position and block the tag. Position the tag unit as close to the main unit as piere under tag Unit possible at its intended location. Use a hitch; jack to obtain approximate levve- �s.r;Some tag units;.hav ling and install pier supports_ according to Set the Home, STEP 2. POSITION: 1:: cial.plenng,needs d HOME SECTION (p. 38). Determine whether the tag and main Unit floors are - , the roof and/or-floo', designed to line up flush or are offset by a step and adjust the tag pier heights -struction.:These wil accordingly. - tailed in supplemer 2. Level the unit Using a water level (p.42), verify that the piers are level. The; ing plans supplied i elevation of all points along the lower flange of the I-beam should be -a no _ home. Note that tei more than 3/8 inches from the desired height and should not deviate more I end walls are typta than 3/4 inches overall. bearing rather than 3. Connect floors. If the floor of the tag unit is level with main unitfloor, Connect - Walls - the floors together as described in STEP 6. CONNECT.FLOORS (p: 45)::If - `,•�"� the floors are offset, use the donnection detail shown in Figure21.. - - `- 4. Connect walls. Secure the tag unit walls to the main unitsidewall-using#10 x 4" screws at 24 inches o.o. If Ore -drilled holes are provided secure the tag unit walls to the main unit with 5/16" x 6" lag screws (see Figure 22). The sheath- - ing shown in the detail may not be included by the manufacturer. If included; . the sheathing over the last stud bay was tacked in place at the factory for _ - easy removal at the site. Once the wall connections are complete, .re -install . the sheathing and complete the siding installation. ' FLOOR — DECIONG 2x FLOOR JOIST LINE SIDEWALL STUDS FASTENER (MAIN UNIT) SHEATHING 2xe SPF p2 BLOCKING LAG SCREW EDGE RAIL TOJ FLOOR BLOCKING PER STANDARD DECKING g MNN FLOOR CONNECTION a UN REQUIREMENTS R-11 MIN. INSULATION 2x FLOOR IN KNEEWALL JOIST _EXTERIOR.,. VERT. FLOOR DECKING —� - 7qG,. - SIDING -- COVERED WITH EITHER BOTTOM UNIT' BOARD OR ALUMINUM FLASHING - r j•,' 5. Connect roofs. Connect the tag unit roof to the main unit roof using #10.x 4" screws at 12" on-center(8' on -center in Wind Zone 3) or,p8 x-4" screwsst 8'; -.., on -center (5" on -center in Wind Zon63i toe'screwed through.tag'unit en'd truss top chord into each main unifdorinervertioal structural member location (stud or truss). If full depth ridgebeam headers must be connected refer to Connect Roofs. See Figure 23 for flush roof connections. and, Figure" for'. -. roof connections with an offset', greater than two inches. Roof connectionswit_h�, an offset less than two inches do not require screws. - - - r SHINGLE FLAT OVER TAG MAIN UNIT : UNIT. MAIN UNIT `_fSHINGLES -- ETAL FASCIA ROOF DECIDNG - METALFLASHING eROOF C-SHNGLES (ORTOPCOURSE OF VINYL SIDING) .ING TAG FASTENER uNfr STEP 10. REMOVE TEMPORARY ITEMS Once the home is properly supported and the marriage line connections are completed, remove the temporary ridge beam supports and wallloeiling plates used to brace the ridge beam during shipment. Take care not to damage the ceiling. STEP 11. FASTEN HOME TO FOUNDATION Fasten the home to the foundation according to the fastening schedule provided in Construct Foundation, STEP 1.OBTAIN A FOUNDATION DESIGN (6.35). STEP 12. BACKFILL AND•GRADE . . Beckfill against the foundation wall to the height of the waterproofing, taking care to not damage the drainage system. Grade the site as described in Prepare the Site, STEP 3. CLEAR AND GRADE THE STEP 13. BUILD STAIRS Cortilrud,the basement stairs in compliance with the local building code. Take care that adequate headroom is maintained under beams and that there is sufficient landing space at thebottoin of the stairs. Figure 23. Tag unit !lush roof connection Figure 24. Tag unit offset roof connection � �J!! N! r eA When to backfill. Backfill against basement walls on- ly after the home is con- nected to the foundation or the basement walls may deflect inward or collapse. Cutting the chassis. Do not cut, notch, bend or alter in any manner beams, cross - 'members and other parts of .the.steei chassis. Complete Roof and Exterior Walls This chapter covers closing up and weatherproofing the home by completing the roofing and siding. STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF RIDGE CLOSEUP For multi -section homes, the first step in completing the exterior is sealing the roof along the ridge line (Figure 25). For homes with asphalt shingles, follow the procedure below. For homes with metal or other roofing materials, follow the instructions that come with the roofing materials or provided as a supplement to this manual. CAP SHINGLE !!� UNDERLAYMENi SHINGLEAND UNDERLAYMENi SHEATHING 1. Install underlayment. Sheathing must be fastened with an 8d nail at 6 inches on -center along the edges and 12 inches on -center in the field. Seams of field in- stalled sheathing must be offset 16 inches from the seams on factory installed sheathing. Install 15# felt or equivalent continuously along the length of the ridge, covering all exposed sheathing and overlapping sheathing joints by at least five inches on each side. Fasten using 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing cement along each side of ridge under the underlayment. 2. Install shingles. If shingles have been left off at the ridge line for site installation, install them now using 12 ga x 1-1/4" long, 3/8" diameter head roof nails or 16 ga 1" crown x 1" length staples. For Wind Zone I, fasten at 5/8 inch above each tab cutout slot and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (four fasteners for a three -tab shingle) (Figure 26). For Wind Zones II and III, use two fasteners 5/8 inch above and on either side of the tab slots and one at each end of the shingle one inch in from the edge (six fasteners for a three -tab shingle). Do not fasten through the shingle tar line. 12" 1 x FASTENER LOCATIONS 3. Install underlayment. Install 15# felt or equivalent underlayment that is at least 10 inches wide continuously along the ridge. Fasten with 1" x 1" x 16 ga galvanized staples. For Wind Zones II and III, also apply a six inch wide strip of roofing ce- Figure 25. Shingle installa- tion at ridge or; d? // Weatherproofing. It is vital- ly important to close up the home quickly to protect the interior from damage due to inclement weather. Removing shipping protec- tion. Remove shipping pro- tection from the roof prior to completing roofing.Seal all holes in shingles resulting from shipping protection re- moval. It is also recom- mended that the top layer of shingles be lifted and the sealant applied to any holes in the second layer of shin- gles. Refer to Warning on following page for accept- able types of sealants. Figure 26.Shingle fastener locations for Wind Zone 1 (left) and Wind Zones 11 and 111(right). ment on both sides of the ridge under the undedayment 4. Install shingle cap. Starting at the opposite end of the home from the prevailing wind, install ridge cap shingles provided by the manufacturer or use 12" x 12" shingles (36" shingles cut into three equal pieces) (Figure 27). Install using 12 ga x 1-114" long, 3/8" diameter head roofing nails spaced 5-5/8 inches from bottom edge and 1/2 inch to 1-1/2 inches in from both edges. Cover the exposed fasten- ers with tar or cement. CUT SHINGLE INTO THREE PIECES AS SHOWN BY DOTTED LINE 112 3 5. Ridge Vent. For proper alignment— prenail through ridge vent holes at ends of each section. The felt paper underlayment should be folded back onto the roof decking and trimmed along the edge of the roof decking at the peak so that it does not obstruct the opening at the mate line. When using standard flat 34ab shingles, caulking is not required under the flange of the ridge vent. Prior to ap- plying vent to dimensional or architectural shingles on new construction, caulk between low areas of shingle and flange of vent. Before fastening vent, make sure filter is secured between shingles and vent. When installing vent in cold weather, leave an 1/8" gap between sections to allow for warm weather expan- sion. i STOP ROOF SHEATHING SHORT OF EDGE RAIL FOR VENTILATION. ALT. SHEATHING TO EMEND TO EDGE OF TOP CHORD EILTERAREA WHEN EDGE RAIL IS LOWERED! 7 NAIL @ EACH TRUSS .nc cHIN Fc WITH 7GALVANIZEO - _ I�..a,;t = _ LOW PROFlLE HINGE ROOF CLOSE-UP For homes with hinged roofs, complete roofing undedayment and shingles along the hinge line per the requirements listed in Appendix D. COMPLETE TRIPLE SECTION ROOFS Complete roofing along triple section home marriage lines according to one of the fol- lowing methods based on the construction of the home. Method 1: Dual ridge beams 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the undedayment of the outer section roof and apply a minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement to the sheathing. Lay the underlayment of the outer section on top of the cement (see Best Prac- tire tip for optional metal flashing). Then apply a minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement to the outer section undedayment and fold down the center section roof undedayment over this cement. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles, securing them per the shingle manufacturer's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). 57 Figure 27. Shingle cut into thirds Installing a ridge vent. If a ridge vent is to be installed, follow the ridge vent manu- facturer's instructions pro- vided with the material or as an addendum to this manual in lieu of underlayment over ridge line and shingle cap. Figure 28. Ridge vent instal- lation ' z/ ACETOXY TYPE SILI- CONES ARE NOT TO BE USED. This type of silicone will weaken or melt asphalt shingles. The Alcoxy or Neu- tral Cure type silicones will not melt asphalt and are the proper silicones to be used in roof applications. All sea- lants used in shingle and roof applications,excluding undedayment securement, must be an Alcoxy or Neu- tral Cure type silicone OR meet the ASTM D 4586 standard. AsphaltlAsbestos based sealants, such as Black Tar, must meet the ASTM D 4586 standard. Shingle undedayment sea- lants are required in Wind Zone II and III applications and must meet the ASTM 3019 standard. FACTORY -INSTALLED CENTERSECTION OUiERSECTION I Figure 29.Trfpfe section roof connection Method 1 ASPHALT ROOFING CEMENT 4%m/ Installing metal BETWEEN LAYERS OF flashing. Install optional UNDERLAYMENT MIN W WIDE metal flashing over the roof decking before applying D roofing cement. Fold back the underlayment and fas- ten 30 ga x wide mini- mum galvanized metal with roofing nails or 16 ga x 1' METAL FASTENER crown staples of sufficient (OPTIONAL) length to penetrate the roof sheathing. Space fasteners four Inches o.c. or less near the edge of the metal. Overlap the metal by at least two inches at joints. Method 2: Field installed sheathing 1. Install underlayment. Fold down the underlayment of the outer section roof and fold up the underlayment on the center section roof. Apply to the lower roof underlayment a minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement centered on the sheathing joint Cover with the shipped loose undedayment. Apply another minimum six inch wide strip of roofing cement to the ship loose underlayment centered on the upper roof sheathing joint. 2. Install shingles. Install missing row(s) of shingles per the shingle manufactur- er's installation instructions (refer to the shingle wrapper). FACTORY INSTALLED SHINGLES Figure connection Meth section roof FIELD INSTALLED SHINGLES connection Method 2 \ \ �� FIELD INSTALLED SHEATHING r-- FIELD INSTALLED UNDERLAYMENT ASPHALT ROOFING CEMENT BETWEEN FACTORY LAYERS OF UNDERLAYMENT INSTALLED MIN. B' WIDE UNDERLAYMENT FACTORY INSTALLED SHINGLES FACTORY INSTALLED FACTORY SHEATHING INSTALLED NAILER STEP 2. COMPLETE TAG UNIT ROOF If the home has a tag unit, complete roofing for this unit now. The process for complet- ing the roof is different for flush and offset roofs. Follow the instructions in the appropri- ate section below. FLUSH ROOFS For flush roofs, complete roofing along the marriage line and at the valley line as follows (see Figure 31): _ SHINGLE UNDERLAYMENT Figure 31. Tag unit flush INSTALL FLASHING (OR roof connection ! - ADDITIONAL LAYER OF - - FASTENER UNDERLAYMENT) FLAT OVER j •' • - JOINT I TAG MAIN _ UNIT UNIT _ Marriage line _ Method 1: Install metal flashing (minimum 30 ga x minimum 6" wide) over the joint - - between the main roof dormer and tag unit roof. Secure the flashing to the roof - _ decks on both dormer and tag unit roofs with roofing nails or 16 ga staples with a j - oneinch crown and long enough to fully penetrate the roof decks. Space fasteners - maximum two inches o.c. near the edge of the flashing. Overlap seams in the metal - I by at least two inches. After flashing.is complete, install shingles per shingle manu- facturer instructions -and ridge cap/vent according to STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 56). .,Method 2: Install two layers of roofing underlayment or equivalent over the joint be- -. tween the main roof dormer and tag unit roof lapping the factory installed under- layment a• minimum of six inches on each side and fully cemented at the laps. In- stall shingles per shingle manufacturer instructions and ridge cap/vent according to j STEP 1. COMPLETE ROOF (p. 56). Valley -line -' Along: the bottom of the valley,shingles and one or more layers of roll roofing may ; need to be installed. If fastened to the roof at the factory, unroll the roofing, overlap _ _ the. tag roof and trim the roofing to the roof edge. If shipped loose, install the roll roof- i ing at the valley, lapping it under the factory installed roll roofing a minimum of 12 inches and fully cement the roofing at the lap. Complete shingles at the valley either - - byinterweaving them or by trimming back approximately four inches from the valley ^line and fully cementing the exposed shingle edges. Fasteners must not be installed ':. - _ - •! - -_ • . within 6" of the centerline of the valley. OFFSET ROOFS If there is'a g'ap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof of less t r than two-Inches' fold up themain unit dormer fascia, slide the underlayment and flash- ing from -the- tag unit roofbehind the fascia, and bend the fascia back down and secure - - - into sub fascia with metal screws (Figure 32). MAIN UNIT ROOF Figure 32. Tag unit roofing,- _ r FACTORY . - UNDERLAYMENT (SHINGLES NOT SHOWN ON connection with less than INSTALLED. CARRIED UP INTO MAIN UNIT FOR CLARITY) I two inch height difference - DORMER DRIP EDGEFLASHING MAIN UNIT FASCIA _ SUB -FASCIA DORMER FACTORY ' FASCIA - INSTALLED SHINGLES—t IN LE FLASHING --UNDERLAYMENT UN NT _;DISTANCE BETWEEN MAIN UNIT DORfuIERAND TAG UNIT ROOF UNDERLAYMENT OVER TAG UNIT MAY VARY (MIN. i' TO MAX OF 2') ROLLED ROOFING CARRIED ROOF I TAG UNIT TRUSS UP INTO DORMER ,MAIN UNIT DORMER TRUSS SUB -FASCIA MIN. 3' If the gap between the main unit dormer overhang and the tag unit roof is two inches or more, bend up the inside corner trim at the dormer overhang and main unit sidewall, fold up the factory installed Flashing on the tag unit roof, fold the inside comer trim back down and secure into dormer wall with metal screws (Figure 33). MAIN UNIT FASCIA ROOF METAL FLASHING (OR TOP COURSE OF VINYL SIDING) «,_._� �.•�' ICJ roof connection STEP 3. COMPLETE SIDE WALLS Siding necessary to complete the exterior has been provided with the home. Follow the , / // siding manufacturer's instructions (found on or with the packaging or as an addendum : to this manual) and to complete the exterior siding as follows: Covering the HUD label. 1. Remove shipping protection. Remove temporary shipping protection from Do not cover the HUD la - walls. bel on the exterior of the 2. . Complete crossovers. Complete any crossover connections in the walls, in- home. cluding: electrical, stereo speaker, doorbell, telephone and intercom wires. Removing shipping pro- 3. Install siding. Fasten siding only at stud locations, avoiding electrical wires tection. Remove tempo - that are present in the walls. rary shipping. protection 4. Fasteners. Fasteners must be installed as described in the manufacturers in -'from walls before installing siding or serious moisture stallation instructions or DAPIA approved test reports for the siding. damage may result. Wind 5. Install close-up strips. If Siding has been installed on the end walls at the fac- wrap (such as.Tyvek or, tory, fasten close-up strips securely along both edges and seal the edges with other similar product) will a waterproof sealant. be installed over theexte- 6. Install trim. Install any matching trim required to complete the installation. nor wall OSB sheathing 7. Seal penetrations. With a waterproof sealant, seal any penetrations in the sid- and under the shipping plastic. Be careful. not to ing that may have been caused by temporary shipping protection. damage the wind wrap when removing the ship- . - - ping plastic. Connect Crossovers This chapter covers crossover connections between units of multi-sectionhomes, including ducts and electrical, water, waste, gas, telephone and cable TV connections. STEP 1. CONNECT DUCTS There are three main types of duct crossover connections. Based on the location of the duct, follow the installation steps on the page indicated below: • Under the floor (p. 61). • In the roof cavity (p. 62). • ' In floor, through -the -rim joist (p. 63) To prevent air leakage, seal allductwork connections, includingduct collars using one or more of the following materials: • Galvanized metal straps in combination with galvanized sheet metal screws. • For rigid air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181A. • For flexible air ducts and connectors, tape and mastics listed to UL 181 B. UNDER FLOOR FLEXIBLE CROSSOVER DUCT When heating or cooling equipment is installed in the home, the flexible crossover duct is provided by the. manufacturer. In all cases the crossover duct must be listed for exte- rior use and should be wrapped with Insulation of at least R-8under a vapor barrier with a pens rating of not greater than one. There are four common configurations of under floor crossover ducts depending on the number of home sections and the fumace/air handler location. See Table 16 to locate the appropriate figure. TABLE 16. UNDER FLOOR DUCT CONFIGURATIONS . '' Furnace location°, ` ' 'Two home sections `: . ,Three home suctions., , 1: e Fumace over trunk duct See Figure 34 See Figure 34B F,itrri9ca tfseiliwritnski3uct `'; �',,,: 5%o FF�ra w-�, �"See, Figure 34G r, wwwcErAw u ASEC110N LLJ E BS!C tjON R R eEATDUCT� e TAP-0Ur LUnAR �...e.; FlEIBMSTALLED nex DUCr SUPPoRr3rRAP5 RD(DUCr zz' Qualified personnel. Use only qualified personnel to make crossover conneG lions. Consult the LAHJ for licensing or any additional crossover connection re- quirements. Access for service. When- ever possible maintain ac- cess to connection areas for future maintenance. Make tight connections. Permanent, durable and tight crossover duct con- nections are critical to the proper performance of the home. Leaky ducts can re- sult in severe moisture problems in the home, dis- comfort from rooms not re- ceiving the proper amount of conditioned air and high utility bills from wasted heating and/or cooling en. ergy. Figure 34. Furnace over trunk duct, two home sec - tons nmwACErua Figure 34A. Fumace offset.. = ' ' - ABECTgN ® SECTION • from trunk duct, two home sections ' - - - TAP-0UTCOnAR FLEX Duct SUPPO - - FIElD1N5TeLimnFX STRAPS ' - DUCT VADx UNDER RMCE I�-- i- FURNAMTMv Figure34B. Furnace over ASECDDN ® BSECRON DSECTION trunk duct threehome.se_o-- ; - — tions - - - l HEAT DUCr • STALLID nIX S1BNRr DUCT RJRNAUlAai STRAPS DUCT FURHpCE .. nmxncErAw Figure 34C. Furnace offset - ' ASECIION HANDIER iiTmBBECIION CSECIIDN from trunk duct, three home - section TYArau01i�cauM .. :. . • -. - a naDausrAumnEz ancoucrsuPPaar I Ducr J:U CE n1IIlEveoz STRAPS RNA For under floor flexible crossover ducts follow the steps below: I 1. Locate collars. Locate the metal crossover collars (or V-box) connected to the _ @Securinithe '! main trunk duct (or furnace) under the home and remove temporary shipping , t- - protection. _l - - 2. Install inner duct. Apply mastic completely over inner liner and collarN-box. crossover. BetweenStep: '�• i.. _ Slide the crossover duct inner liner over the crossover collarN-box as far as it 5 and Step 6, drill three. or ' _ will go. Install a large nylon zip tie over the inner linerjust above the "ridge" more 1/18 inch holes an around the crossover collarN-box. Apply mastic completely over inner liner and equal distance around and icollarN-box. just below the bottom edge! _ I = 3. insulation. - Connect duct ilatiBring the duct insulation up over the zip tie and - - - of the nylon zip -tie: Install', #12 pan head screws in, . • ' - above the home's bottom board into the floor cavity. Temporarily duct tape it these tidies, through the;-.; - i - .against the base of the trunk duct/V-box. • - flexible duct and mto the .. 4. V-box Insulation. Verify that the V-box has been insulated with R-8 minimum. metal crossover collarN 5: Pull duct wrap. Pull the crossover duct outer wrap over the top of the insula- box.LThe screw heads ' - - tion and temporarily secure it to the trunk ductN-box with duct tape. - . should be against the np_-,>, < ;! 6. Install zip tie. Feel for the nylon zip tie that was installed over the inner liner. tie.. ", •"'l - - Place another nylon zip tie just under the first one to permanently secure the ,"- - crossover duct insulation and outer wrap, making sure all of the insulation is in- side the outer wrap. 7. Trim duct. Trim the crossover dud to length such that the installed duct will be. 'Cover exposed metal • straight with no kinks or unnecessary bends. - Completely cover all ex < 8. Connect other end. Follow the same procedure (steps 1 through 5) to connect " posed metal.connedors - the opposite end of the crossover duct and any other crossover duds. with insulation Apply seal- - - - - 9. Seal joints. Seal the joints between the bottom board and the crossover dud . - .ants and,tapes,only tosur-`. - - with bottom board repair tape. - faces that are dry and !a � •:� i _ . 10. Support duct. Support the crossover duct(s) above the ground using nylon or of dust diit, and grease ss - galvanized metal straps and saddles spaced every 48 inches o.c. or less. Avoid ground contact In= �. Choosestrapsat least 112 inch wider than the spacing of the metal spirals en- stalled crossover ducts - - - - - casing the crossover duct. Install the straps so they cannot slip between spi- _ must not'be'in contact with _ �- _ • - rals. Secure metal straps with galvanized screws. theground -, ROOF,CAVITY CROSSOVER DUCT - . ' Unobstructed airflow Ex-� I..: cess length,, kinks and'' - For ducts installed in the roof cavity, follow the steps below: bends in the crossover " -- 1.' Access the duct. Access the crossover location through an access panel in duct will restrict airflow,andl' = theceiling or the open sides of the home before the sections are joined and degrade the homes HVAC remove. any temporary shipping protection. system;perfe_rmance 2. ' -Join ducts. Using the provided flexible duct, join the distribution boxes in each. Compressed Duet Support - _ - - section ofthe home as shown in Figure35, cutting off any extra duct length to .' the.ducf without compress _�s'-, keep the duct as straight as possible. The duct must be joined in the center ing the insulation and re-r - - .-'-. with the provided connecter. stricting airflow. 3. Fasten ducts. At each connection point between ducts and distribution boxes or connectors, secure the inner duct liner with a nylon strap, apply mastic com- pletely over the connection area, pull the duct insulation and outer liner over the connection area and secure them with a second nylon strap. 4. Reinstall panel. Reinstall and secure the access panel, if applicable. FLEX DUCT IN THE FLOOR CROSSOVER DUCT Where one or more crossover ducts are built into the home's floor system, connect them either through or under the rim joist depending on the design of the home. Through the rim joist With a through the rim joist design, the duct in each floor section terminates at an open- ing in the marriage line rim joist. Fixed through -the -rim crossovers employing a marriage line gasket such as in Figure 36 were completed in Complete Multi -Section Set, STEP 4. REPAIR OR INSTALL MARRIAGE LINE GASKET (p. 45) and require no additional work here. Connect other through -the -rim joist ducts using one of the following methods based on the design of the home. Method 1: Metal or Duct board through rim joist without sleeve Connect ducts that pass through the rim joist (Figure 36) as follows: 1. Align Crossover duct locations. Verify that when both halves of the home are installed that the crossover duct locations will align property. 2. Air tight Seal. Verify that the gasket or duct board used to seal between both halves of the home is in good condition and will property seal the duct system. 3. Connect the Units. Connect the floors using the procedure for connecting the. floors (p. 45). Figure 35. Duct crossover located in the roof cavity Figure 36. In -floor duct con- nection through the rim joist without metal sleeve Method 2: Duct board with sleeve Join duct board ducts with a metal sleeve as follows (Figure 37): 1._Open bottom board. On the section of the home with the furnace, cut the bot- tom board along the cen er ine atthe-two floor- foists on either -side -of the-crQsss over duct starting at the marriage line and extending approximately three feet toward the center of the section. 2. Open duct. Create an opening in the duct by cutting the duct board as shown in Figure 37. 3. Insert sleeve. Insert the provided metal sleeve, centering it on the marriage line joint. 4. Seal duct. Close the bottom of the dud and seal it with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). 5. Seal floor. Replace the floor insulation to its original position and seal the bot- tom board tightly with tape specially made for that purpose. DUCT mlw�w "___ - �-_-(INSERT METAL S� CUT SLEEVE DUCT BOTTOM CUT DUCT OPEN BOARD OPEN SEAL BOTTOM BOARD STEP 2. CONNECT ELECTRICAL CROSSOVERS Multi -section homes may have one or more electrical crossovers located in the wall(s) and/or floor(s) along the marriage line(s). JOINING WIRES Two types of connections may be present at these locations —snap connectors and junction boxes. Identify matching circuits if multiple circuits exist at a single crossover to - cation. These will be coded for identification. Connect snap connectors according to the connector manufacturer's installation instructions, including fastener requirements. Connect wires in junction boxes as follows (Figure 38): Pull wires. Pull circuit wires into the junction box, sliding them through a romex connec- tor and secure snugly. (Figure 38) Do not over -tighten. 1. Strip wires. Remove the outer jacket that holds the circuit wires together pro- viding a minimum of four inches of free wire in the box. 2. Connect wires. Connect wires together matching like colors, using appro- priately sized wire nuts. Use the ground wire to ground the junction box and/or cover plate(s), if metal. Junction boxes may contain single or multiple 15 or 20 amp circuits, or a single 240 volt appliance circuit. 3. Replace cover. Reposition the junction box cover and secure using machine (not sheet metal) screws. 64 Figure 37. In -floor duct with crossover usingmetal sleeve ' // Use qualified electricians. All electrical work must be performed by a qualified electrician and comply with the 2005 NEC. Disconnect power. Turn off power to the home before making connections. Proper use of GFCI cir- cuits. Ensure Ground Fault Circuit Interrupted (GFCI) circuits are con- nected to the proper GFCI protected circuits from the power supply. APPROVED PLASTIC OR METAL BOX (TYPICAL) CLAMPS Bourn PER TYPE BOX USED GROUND LUG (TYPICAL) (METAL BOXES ONLY) SINGLE 15 OR 20 AMP CIRCUIT 'GROUND LUG (METAL BOXES ONLY) DOUBLE 15 OR 20 AMP CIRCUITS FLOOR CROSSOVER When making electrical connection(s) in the floor, use one of the wiring options de- scribed below: Method 1: Access panel 1. Access wires. Find the crossover location(s) and remove the access panel(s) if attached. If access panel openings are not provided, cut through bottom board to expose the wiring (Figure 39). 2. Route wires. Pass the wires through predrilled holes or notches in the rim joist or if there is a single bumped -out access panel as in Figure 40, then connect under the rim joists. 3. Connect wires. Connect wires via a junction box or snap-connector(s) as de- scribed above. 4. Secure wires. Secure wires with staples to'adjacent joists or studs within eight inches of junction box or snap-connector(s). 5. Install smash plates. For notched perimeter joists, install steel wire protectors (smash plates). 6. Seal bottom board. Replace insulation and re -install access panels and/or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be pro- vided). The access panel(s) may be temporarily installed near the crossover lo- cation or shipped loose with the home. RIM JOIST Figure 38. Types otjunction box wiring connections `GROUND LUG (METAL BOXES ONLY) 240V APPLIANCE CIRCUIT ^�"�^ STEEL PROTECTORS MAY BE BOP ) ) PROVIDED WITH THE HOME CONNECTOR ACCESS PANEL MAY BE PROVIDED SNAP CONNECTOR '"" ---- 11 (IF NOT PROVIDED, PATCH BOTTOM BOARD) Using snap connectors. Do not use oversized nails or drive nail heads into snap connectors. Some connectors are designed for one-time use only — a new connector must be used if they become sepa- rated. Protect cables. Cover all cables with conduit or oth- er suitable weather - resistant and protective material. Figure 39. Electrical cros- sover floor wires with flush access panels Figure 40. Floor electrical crossover wires with bumped -out access panel Method 2: Junction box wijh conduli 1. Access boxes. If junction boxes are not exposed, access them inside the floor by cutting the bottom board or by removing the access panel(s). Remove the 2. Connect wires. It wire is coiled inside one Junction box, insert it into flexible conduit and pass 4 under the rim joists to the opposing box and make the con- nection as described above. If no coiled wire is provided, install conduit with wire making connections in both boxes (Figure 40). 3. Cover boxes. Replace and secure covers on junction boxes. 4. Seal floor. Replace any displaced insulation and replace access panel or seal the bottom board with tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided). Variation to Method 2: A junction box may be installed only on one side with the other side containing conduit behind an access panel. Briny the conduit to other. side and make one connection in the junction box. UNDER FLEXIBLE WIRE FOR CRgwovER MAY BE COILED INSIDE JUNCTION BOX, , WALL CROSSOVERS Connect electrical, phone, cable television and stereo speaker wires in marriage walls and/or partition and end walls. If access panels into the marriage walls are not provided, then the connection should have been made prior tobringing the home sections together. If access panels are provided in marriage, end or partition walls, remove the panels, join the wires as described above using the provided snap -connector, junction box or at a receptacle, and re -attach the access panel (Figure 42 for marriage walls and Figure 43 for partitions and end walls). OPTIONAL -- ACCESS PANEL IIIII ENDWALL ACCESS TO JUNCTION SfDE''A' BOX INSIDE HOME CONNECT WIRES AT JUNCTION BOX, RECEPTACLE OR SNAP -CONNECTOR ENDWALL SIDE'S" xf3 WIRE PROTECTORS Figure 41. Under the rim joist electrical crossover connection with conduit ' /, Avoid damaging crossov- er urfres. Carefully fold marriage wall crossover wires so they stay within a single bay and are not sandwiched between studs when the sections are pulled together. Figure 42. Inside marriage wall crossover connection Figure 43. Inside partition or end wall electrical crossover connection STEP 3. INSTALL ELECTRICAL BONDING To ensure all metal parts are effectively grounded, electrically bond all chassis together as follows (Figure 44): - 1. Find lugs. Determine if solderless ground lugs are provided on the front or rear frame outriggers or headers. • ' 2. 'Attach wire. If lugs are provided, uncoil the bonding wine (#8 minimum bare copper wire) from one side of the home and connect it to the, lug provided on ,the opposing side using a paint penetrating star washer, tighten the set screw firmly on the wire and repeat for any additional home sections. Torque the set screw per the manufacturers requirements. MARRIAGE LINE FLOOR SOLDERLESS LUG EACH HALF OF HOME REAR OUTRIGGER - pa MIN. COPPER AT MARRIAGE LINE GROUNDWIRE 3. Attach strap. If ground lugs and copper wire are not provided, attach the pro- vided four inch bonding strap to each pair of adjacent chasses with two #8 x 314" self -tapping metal screws (one screw each side). STEP 4. CONNECT WATER LINES Connect water lines inside the Floor through acpess panels or below theL bottom board as follows: WATER LINES ACCESSED THROUGH PANELS 1. Remove panels. Remove access panels from each home section. 2. Remove caps. Remove shipping caps from ends of water lines, if present. $. Pull lines. Pull water lines through holes in rim joist or attach shipped loose flex connectors, if applicable (Figure 45). 4. - Connect pipes. Connect threaded water lines using Flexible pipe or a rigid connector line (if provided) and connector fittings (do not use lubricants or sea- lants). 5. Test. Test connections for leaks. 6. Seal floor. Securely replace insulation and access panels. 1-V Figure 44. Electrical bond- ing of multi -section homes /zz Applying cement. Follow cement manufacturers in- structions with respect to application and drying time. Allow cement to fully cute before filling pipes with water. Figure 45. Waterline cros- sover with access panels Choosing cement type. Use the proper cement for water lines as it may differ from the cement used for the DWV system. WATER LINES DROPPED BELOW BOTTOM BOARD 1. Remove caps. Remove protective shipping caps from ends of pipes and make sure oioe ends are clean and smooth. 2. Connect pipes. Connect thre�ed waterllnes-using- lexiblelApe-0casigid_ connector line (if provided) and connector fittings (do not use lubricants or sealants) (Figure 46). 3. Test Test connections for leaks. 4. Protect pipes. Wrap water lines with insulation and bottom board shipped loose with home or otherwise protect to prevent freezing. Tape bottom board using tape specially made for that purpose (may be provided) and staple with 7/16" x 1/2" staples at four inches o.c. around bottom board using a divergent (stitch) stapler or equivalent. Generally, only insulation is necessary to protect water supply lines from freezing when the home is skirted. Some homeowners may desire to protect their water supply lines With a heat tape. This tape must be approved for manufactured home use by a nationally recognized testing agency and be installed in compliance with manufacturers instructions. An electrical outlet has been provided under the home for the heat tape. This out- let is protected by a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter and should not be used for any other purpose. MARRIAGE LINE SUPPLYSIDETER)SIDE �� WITH WATER HEATER) j RECEIVING SIDE LINE CAP TO BED PROTECTIVE REMOVED CAP ON -SITE DIRECTION OF FLOW WATERLINE AND ELBOWS SHIPPED LOOSE TO BE ADDED ON SITE Figure 46. Waterline cross- over through bottom board STEP S. CONNECT DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT LINES Complete portions of the drain, waste and vent (DWV) system that are below the floor IF as follows: 1. Remove caps. Remove shipping covers from pipes extending through the t providing required clear - tom board; inspect pipes and fittings and clean them of dirt, obstructions and antes. Provide the drain burrs. outlet with a minimum 2. Assemble pipes. Using the drain schematic drawing provided with the home, clearance of three inches begin assembling the DWV system starting at the location farthest from the in any direction from all sewer/septic connection and working towards the outlet, fastening the pipe with parts of the structure or cement or adjustable screw -clamp connectors, if provided (Figure 47). As the any appurtenances and system Is assembled, support the piping with temporary blocking. Unless oth- with not less than 18 inch- erwise noted on the schematic diagram, provide a minimum 114 inch per foot es unrestricted clearance slope towards the sewer/septic using a plumber's level. Where a slope of 114 directly in front of the drain inch per foot cannot be maintained, use a minimum slope of 1/8 inch per foot outlet. Provide any and install of a full-size clean -out at the uppermost point of the run (Figure 48). cleanouts with a minimum clearance of 12 inches di- rectly in front of its open- ing. CEMENT COUPLING Figure 47. Drain crossover (PROVIDED) TO END connection OF PIPES FLOOR FLOOR DRAIN SUPPORT PIPE STRAPS FASTEN COUPLING �\ (PROVIDED)TO \ �— �— DIRECTION PIPING WITH \ DIRECTION OF FLOW CLAMPS OF FLOW COUPLING CONNECTION PIPE COUPLER Figure 48. DWV system FLOOR DRAIN DROPOUT— —DRAIN DROPOUT —DRAIN DROPOUT DUST COVER PIPE _ DUST COVER --SLOPE --DUST COVER SUPPORTS —LONG TURN ELL SLOPE SLOPE LONG TURN TEE WYE_ gJ CLEAN -OUT (SUBSTITUTE FOR ELBOW PLUG LONG TURN DOUBLE ELL AND PROVIDE A FULL SIZE SANITARY CLEA ELL N OUT WHEN TOSEWER TEE REQUIRED) / SEPTIC W YE LONG TURN ELL 3. Test. After all drain lines have been connected, conduct a two-part leakage test on the completed drainage system as follows: • Part 1. With all fixtures connected, and all tub and shower drains plugged, fill the system with water to the rim of the toilet bowl through a higher fix- ture. Release all trapped air, replace tub and shower plugs, backfill fix- Choosing glues. Use only tures, and allow the system to stand at least 15 minutes. Check for leaks. solvents and glues com- _ Drain the system. If leaks are found, repair and retest. patible with the pipe (ABS • Part 2. Plug all fixtures, sinks, showers, and tubs and fill with water. Re- or PVC). Follow manufac- lease the water in all fixtures simultaneously to obtain the maximum possi- turer's instructions. ble drain piping flow. As water is draining, check for leaks. If any are found, repair and retest. 4. Connect to outlet. Connect the main drain line to the site sewer/septic hook- up, using an approved elastomer coupling or by other methods acceptable to the LAHJ (Figure 49). -A EXAMPLES OF CONNECTION PIPE AND FITTINGS (NOT SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER) �= FLOW j SUPPORT STRAP AT A MAX. OF 4 FEET ON CENTER CAP AND CHAIN APPROVED COUPLER a -. �SITESEWER HOOKyUP 5. Install supports. Install permanent drain line supports at a distance of four feet o.c. or less (see Figure 50). Alternate DWV pipe support may be used if ap- proved by the local authority having jurisdiction. DRAIN PIPING SUPPORTS INSIDE OF MAIN BEAM CROSSMEMBER BOARD MINIMUM 1x3 MATER� �)" / TREATED OR DRAINPIPE WEATHER - WITH MAX SEALED 114' SLOPE LUMBER FLOOR RIM RAIL PLUMBERS DRAIN PIPE WITH TAPE, PLASTIC MINIMUM 114' SLOPE STRAPPING OR OTHER MAIN BEAM SUITABLE MATERIAL FASTENED TO FLOOR JOIST THROUGH BOTTOM BOARD (TYPICAL) PROCEDURE: 1) ADD MINIMUM 1x3 LUMBER BETWEEN FRAME CROSSMEMBERS DIRECTLY ABOVE DRAIN PIPING BY PUSHING UPON THE BOTTOM BOARD AND RESTING THE LUMBER ON TOP OR INSIDE OF THE CROSSMEMBER LEG AS SHOWN. 2) WRAP SUPPORT STRAPPING AROUND PIPING AND 1x FRAMING MATERIAL FASTEN STRAPPING TO SUPPORTAS SHOWN BELOW. 3) OTHER METHODS TO PROVIDE SUPPORT MAY BE USED TO MAINTAIN MIN. PIPE SLOPE REQUIREMENTS WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION. - 4) LUMBER MATERIAL TO BE PROTECTED FROM MOISTURE. CAUTION ELECTRICAL WIRING MAY BE SECURED TO WIDE FACE OF FLOOR JOISTS THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE MAIN BEAM. MAKE SURE FASTENERS SECURING STRAPPING PENETRATE BOTTOM EDGE OF JOISTS TO ELIMINATE POSSIBLE ELECTRICAL SHORTS. STRAPPING MAYALSO BE INSTALLED DIRECTLY TO THE STEEL CHASSIS WITH SELF -TAPPING SCREWS. FLOOR DECKING (2) 7116' x 11/4' x 16 GA. STAPLES OR (2) 131 x 3' NAILS AT EACH END OF STRAP STEEL STRAPS AT 4e' OIC MAX ADD ADDTIONAL STRAP WITHIN 12' OF WHERE PIPE TURNS VERTICAL —2 x e FLOOR JOIST WHEN PIPE RUNS BETWEEN JOISTS ADD 1 x3 W1(2) 7118' x 2.1l2' x 16 GA STAPLES OR 0.131 x 3' NAILS 2x 30R2x 4 Wl(2)7/18'x I��LyJll'y� 2.12' x 10 GA. STAPLES OR (2).131 z 3"NAILS SUPPORT STRAPS ® 411' OIC C MAXATTACHEDW/(2)7)18' x 1-114-x 10 GA. STAPLES OR ALTERNATE .131 A 3' NAILS AT EACH ENO OF STRAP ADD ADDTIONAL BLOCK WITHIN 24' OF WHERE PIPE TURNS VERTICAL 6. Insulate. Replace all insulation and repair.any tears or openings In bottom board. Figure 49. DINV connection to'sewedseptic Figure 50. DWV pipe sup- port options /� Protect pipes from freez- ing. If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather, pour antifreeze solution into all drain traps, Including sinks, tubs and toilets. Be sure that the an- lifteeze is safe for the fix- tures and P-traps. Installing quick discon- nect fittings. Do not use tools, lubricants or sealants with quick disconnect fit- tings. Gas test precautions. Do not connect to gas service until tests described In Connect Utilities have been successfully com- pleted. STEP 6. CONNECT GAS LINES The gas crossover connection may use quick disconnect fittings or threaded connectors Find the connection location below the Floor at the marriage line and gather the connec- tors (they may be shipped loose if not present under the home). For quick disconnect fittings (Figure 51), remove any dust caps and then with one hand pull back on the quick disconnect device, snap it over the quick disconnect adaptor and release it to complete the connection. For threaded connectors, remove the black cap and nipple (or any other plugs, such as a black iron plug) from both the supply and receiving sides and screw the connector onto the supply and return pipes as necessary. Check for leaks before connecting togas service (see Connect Utilities, STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE, p. 100). SHUT-OFF VALVE INSTALLED ON FLEX INLET SIDE CONNECTOR FACTORY INSTALLED FEMALE DIRECTION OF GAS FLOW STEP 7. CONNECT TELEPHONE AND GABLE TV WIRING Install telephone and cable television wiring in accordance with -the requirements of the LAHJ, the NEC and NFPA No.70-2005. When making crossover connections or instal- ling telephone or cable television wires, do not run them in the same raceway as, or in close proximity to, high voltage electrical conductors or cables. Wires should only be installed by trained professionals. 71 Figure 51. Gas crossover connection V,&Ff �A Gas Crossover. A quick disconnect may be installed on the gas line crossover, but it may not replace the shut-off valve. A shut-off valve is required on the inlet side of the gas line crossov- er. ® �� Installing wiring. When in- stalling telephone and ca- bie television wires, do not damage electrical wires, plumbing lines or ducts. Serious personal injury or death could result from damage to electrical wires. Complete the Interior This chapter covers the completion of the home's interior finishes including finishing walls, ceilings, flooring, trim and mis- STEP 1. ALIGN MARRIAGE WALLS Align and secure walls at marriage line openings as follows: 1. Align walls. Align walls and clamp in place. 2. Fasten walls. Secure clamped walls together with metal straps or long screws so they do not move when the clamps are removed. Insert wood wedges in gaps between walls, and glue and screw to create a tight connec- tion. 3. Fill gaps. Fill any remaining gaps with wood or sheathing material. STEP 2. FINISH GYPSUM BOARD Finish all unfinished gypsum board walls and ceilings as follows: 1. Install panels. Install ship loose gypsum panels using a 1/4 inch diameter bead of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive on all framing members and mini- mum 1-1/2 inch long drywall screws, nails or staples at six inches o.c. along panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field into framing members. Adhesive is not required when installing gypsum pieces used for trim or close-up materi- als. 2. Mud seams. Mud and tape all seams and comers, filling all fastener depres- sions. Follow mud manufacturer's directions. 3. Paint. When the final coat of mud is dry, sand, prime and paint all unfinished gypsum board to match existing paint color and finish texture. STEP 3. COMPLETE CARPET Install and seam ship loose or rolled carpet as follows: 1. Prepare floor. Clean the floor of all dirt and debris and smooth the floor deck at the marriage line seams as necessary to ensure a level and smooth sur- face. 2. Lay pad. Lay down the carpet pad, if provided. Seal seams with pad tape. Staple pad to floor about 6 inches from the seam. 3. Preparing carpet for cutting. Do not release stay nails. Let the carpet sec - Pr I SF Z; d zz, Fastening gypsum. When attaching gypsum board, depress, but do not break the paper face with the fas- tener. Breaking the paper will weaken the connection. Using alternative materials. Obtain the home manufac- turers approval before us- ing interior finish materials other than those provided With the home. Pro;r zf, Installing carpet Only ex- perienced carpet installers should install carpet. Fail- ure to follow the carpet manufacturer's directions tions overlap. Using NON STAINING CHALK, snap a line on the top edge may void the carpet war - across the length of the seam. Make sure the line overlaps both sides of the ranty. carpet. 4. Making the guide cuts. Make 1 inch long cuts through BOTH pieces of car- pet every 2 feet. 5. Making the seam cut. Flip the carpet edges face down. Place a straight edge on the backing lined up with the guide cuts. Cut the carpet along this line. Re- Stagger seams. peat for each piece of carpet. Stager all seams. For ex- 6. Sealing the seam. Using liquid latex carpet sealer or specifically designed hot ample, locate the carpet glue sticks (for carpet sealing) apply a thin bead of the sealer to the raw edges pad seam three inches to of both sides of the carpet. Carpet seam sealers contain an ultraviolet marker left of marriage line and the that glows when exposed to a blacklight. carpet seam three inches to 7. Starting the seam. Set the seaming iron to 2 or 3. Center the seaming tape right of marriage line. under the pieces of carpet. Place the iron on the seaming tape. Leave it in place until the adhesive softens. When the adhesive has softened the iron will slide easily, but there will be no smoke. 8. Completing the seam. Slide the iron until its back edge slightly overlaps the • place where its front edge was. Press the edges of the carpet together in the ( Carpet Manufacturers will not softened adhesive. Roll the Seam Tractor over the section to further press the warranty their product if backing into the adhesive. The Seam Tractor should be of the solid roller type, carpet seam sealer is not as a Star Wheeled Tractor can damage the hot carpet fibers. Place the NOW used at the seam. HEAT -CONDUCTIVE (plastic or wood) weight over the completed seam. Check the next section of the seaming tape to see that it has softened. If so, repeat this step unfit all seams have been completed. Continue moving the weight as you move. 9. Blending the seam. Roll the seam tractor slightly across the seam to blend the carpet fibers. Carpet should be cool before tractoring. 10. Keep scraps. Retain reasonable size carpet scraps to protect carpet and flooring during move -in. STEP 4. COMPLETE TRIM Using fine gauge wire staples or pin nails install ship loose molding and wainscot pane- ling to finish trimming out ceilings, marriage line walls, front and rear end walls and passageway doors where necessary. STEP S. INSTALL SHIP LOOSE ITEMS Remove all strapping, blocking and packaging from appliances, windows and doors. Install any drapes, mini -blinds, mirrors, door stops, closet shelves and hardware per the product manufacturer's installation instructions. 73 Install Stabilizing Systems ------------- This chapter covers the design an ins a a ion ofth€stabilizingsystem-whichsecuresahe.home_agaiust lateral and up- ward forces caused by wind. The system covered here uses earth (or ground) anchors and steel straps connected to the home's longitudinal steel beams and/or exterior walls. Stabilizer plates may also be used to prevent the anchor head from moving laterally in the ground. An anchor, strap and stabilizer plate (if used) together are referred to as a tie down. STEP 1. DETERMINE ANCHOR LOCATIONS Create a sketch of the home plan showing the exterior walls, marriage line(s) (if any) IF and frame I -beams (this will be similar to the base sketch created in Install Footings, page 20). Need for a stabilizing sys- See Table 17 for a list of anchor locations, types and where they are required. Page tem. The home must be re- numbers where the requirements are provided are noted in the last column. cured against the wind by the use of an anchor as - As each anchor location is determined, mark it on the sketch, noting important dimen- semba an ive sions such as spacing between anchors. When complete, this will be the home's tie sttemative io foundation system. Where down plan Figure 52 and Figure 53. P 9 9 site or other conditions pro - TABLE 17. ANCHOR LOCATION TYPES hibit the use of the manufac- �� e� "• °' wind -ones If ' r Losatign'° ' airype ' zr VWnd �dn� I e arjd IIC'* _ �; ,See page �; -, turer's instructions, a regis- feted engineer or registered ..r.,., r.� .� .. . o.. .�. Frame Yes Yes 75 architect must design the Sidewall stabilizing system. Alternate Vertical No Yes 87 foundation designs must be 7777777777 ¢ ' Frame Yes`' +l des �' 87+ '� " " ;. �Vethcat approved by the manufac- grsLongBu�lnat * , .� , _ ". .,. tururer and DAPIA. Refer to ... ,No _,..:.o e .. =..a. page 8 for directions for ob- Marriage line Vertical No Yes gg taining available approved .. .. ew 99 v: _.,. desgns. Porch Post I Vertical I Yes I Yes 1 89 1 Install marriage line anchors pdor to moving the home over the top of the anchor locations and then return to Set the Home or Complete Multi Section Set respectively. Figure 52 and Figure 53 illustrate typical anchor locations for a double section home in Wind Zone I and Wind Zones If and III respectively. MULTI -SECTION —FLOOR SHOWN SEPARATED FOR CLARITY I FRAME TIEDOWNS MAY BE SECURED TO BOTH NEAR AND FAR BEAMS (WIND ZONE 1 ONLY) OR EITHER NEAR OR FAR BEAMS (WIND ZONE 2 AND 3) AS REQUIRED BY TABLES 18, 19 AND 20. NEAR BEAM TIEDOWN AREA LARGE OPENING 48" OR MORE 1---" LAR EOPENING LARGE OPENING —�� DOUBLE WIDE COLUMN VERTICAL V V SHOWN V V _FLOOR TIEDOWN�Y�A SEPARATED I 1 —, FOR CLARITY I iw�rrn „rtr� I It.UUWN AKEA rSYMBOLLEGEND STANDARD SIDEWALL `T�= MARRIAGEWALL FRAME ERTICAL TIEDOWN TIEDOWNLONG[TUDINAL TIEDOWN IS= SIDEWALL FRAME TIEDOWN SIDEWALL FRAME ANCHORS Use Tables 18, 19 and 20 to determine the spacing between anchors for Wind Zones I, II and III, respectively. Spacing requirements will vary depending on the type of home (single or multi -section), the slope of the roof, the width of the floor for each section, the sidewall height, I-beam spacing and the height from the ground to the strap attachment point. Determine the values for the home. Using the table for the appropriate wind zone, determine the column and row that corresponds to the characteristics of the home. The value on the tables is the maximum distance between anchors. Keep in mind that sideway frame tie downs must be located no more than two feet from each end of home. Flood and seismic forces. The stabilizing system re- quirements in this chapter do not consider flood or seismic loads and are not intended for use infloodor seismic hazard areas. In those areas a registered engineer or registered archi- tect must design the stabiliz- ing system. Alternate foun- dation designs must be ap- proved by the manufac- tururer and DAPIA. Figure 52. Typical anchor lo- cations fora double section home in lend Zone i Figure 53. Typical anchor lo- cations for a double section home in Wind Zones/1 or/1/ i ! is Maximum spacing require- ments. The LAHJ may have anchor spacing requirements that supercede the values provided in this manual. FRAME TIEDOWN SPACING Table 18 Single Section Roof Pitch 4 36/12 Max 78 a' ,TAbie �8a Mylff Seaton E�oof,Ptc(i 4 36t12 t�a� .� ,. ' ,�,;�� ' ?8 Table 18b Triple Secton Roof Pitch 4.36112 Max. 79 Table 18c Multi Section Roof Pitch 5/12 Max. 79 *7a Ie18p?ript Se tlonRopfF_Agh6/12Ma S Table 18e Multi Section Roof Pitch 6/12 Max 80 xabie 18fP.e.4:e_'ction #toof Pitch GO.Maz' Table 18y Multi Secnon Roof Pitch 7/12 Max. 81 ,.—,ate.«..",;- „..x---:-^^a 81.,r.. ..Table'"I86-,..Tit t 9 d�onRoofPkdr7ft2Max=u^ W"'^s .eNlinil Zone2 Near l-Ream `rlerjowhS cin +� ''•* Table 19 Sin le Section Roof Pitch 4.36112 Max 82 Table18a„ Saatron Roof P1tch,4.36t12,Ma�t,." , �'i '"`� s• ` VJitiil Zone3 Farr-Baam,TiedowrlS n +_. Table 19b Single Section Roof Pitch 4.36112 Max 83 a=Tabt*19"� c ���CMuItCSe&f"wnRooRPHct�4.36M2Max�," " '.:Wlh` Zo- - Naaci-Beam T1edoWWS aetriw—HCh EltchTruw Table 19d Multi Section Roof Pitch 5112 Max. 84 •t-Wind Zone2Fat t•Beam.Tied•own°8 ctri _�Ni iiRlFcA::'rruss Table 19e Multi Section Roof Pilch 5112 Max. 84 r Multi Section Roof Pdett 6(12 Max., ""l '�4$4 @ `_.� ,,:_ �. Tabl9f ... .. _ ..�.., Table 19 Multi Section Roof Pitch 7/12 Max. 85 s " c Wind Zone 3 Near l Seareiiledown S cin ° =°: a :' Table 20 Single Section Roof Pitch 4.36/12 Max 85 _ ,Tabte'--20a MuIG SecUo'h Roof PNcfi 4.36H2"Mais.�"„�'w' Fat 14BeainiiedowitS Table 20b Single Section Roof Pitch 4 36112 Max 86 1' Tahle2gi �Mu18 SecfionRoot#�ifCh 4,36712"Mei4 ,;;� .'8� >°:„:, �." TIEDOWN LIMITATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS Anchors shall be certified for site conditions including soil type for design capacity of 3150 lbs. with resistant pull load ap- plied at a minimum 30 degree angle from horizontal. Anchors may be inset from the edge of the sidewall 6" maximum for a near beam set and 10" minimum for a far beam set. The floor widths listed in the following charts include the following ranges of widths: • 10 Wide = 120" • 12 Wide = 136"— 144" • 14 Wide= 156" — 168" • 16 Wide = 180"— 190" • 18 Wide = 204" — 210" • 20 Wide = 120" • 24 Wide = 136"— 144" • 28 Wide= 156" — 168" • 32 Wide = 178" —186" • The maximum overhang allowed for a single section Is 6" and the maximum overhang allowed for a multi section is 24". • The following frame tiedown charts list the maximum floor height measured from the top of the grade to the connection point of the tiedown strap to the 1-beam. Cross reference the maximum allowable pier height (Table 9 and Table 12) with maximum allowable floor height listed in the frame tiedown charts. If maximum height listed in frame tiedown charts is ex- ceeded, then designs must be provided by a registered professional engineer or registered architect. • Contact the manufacturer if the home you are attempting to set has a floor width, I-beam spacing, wall height or roof pitch that is not shown in any of the following charts (or listed as NA). • The """ listed after any tiedown spacing signifies that a 60 degree angle has been exceeded and an additional strap must be added to the far beam. • Ground anchors must not be spaced closer than the minimum spacing permitted by the listing or certification. Verify that sidewall vertical tiedown bracket spacing meets the requirements for Wind Zone 2 & 3 homes. Bracket spacing may be in- creased or additional brackets may be added as required. Figures 54 w 1 6' MAX INSET = FOR NEAR BEAM TIEDOWN 0 10' MIN INSET LL FOR FAR BEAM TIEDOWN --- —NEAR I -BEAM FAR [-BEAM ,� NEAR BEAM --AFAR BEAM FRAME TIEDOWN FRAME, INSTALLED WHEN NEAR BEAM 6TIEDOWN TIEDOWN EXCEEDS 60' 0� MAX. —GROUND LEVEL STABILIZER PLATE Wind Zone 1 Frame Tiedown: When the angle of the near beam frame tiedown strap exceeds 60 degrees the far beam frame tiedown strap is installed in addition to the near beam strap. SIDEWALL VERTICAL w 1 6' MAX INSET = FOR NEAR � BEAM TIEDOWN O 10' MIN INSET a FOR FAR BEAM )j TIEDOWN— TO ANCHOR STRAP AND BUCKLE NOT PROVIDED ' ff—NEAR 1-BEAM ' wf --FAR I -BEAM ' -NEAR BEAM FAR BEAM FRAME TIEDOWN INSTALLED IN PLACE OF NEAR FRAME, ' FRAME BEAM TIEDOWN WHEN NEAR BEAM FRAME TIEDOWN TIEDOWN EXCEEDS 60'. FAR BEAM FRAME TIEDOWN WILL NOT BE INSTALLED IN ADDITION TO THE NEAR BEAM FRAME TIEDOWN. STABILIZER PLATE GROUND LEVEL GROUND ANCHOR NOTE: WHEN THE HOME IS INSTALLED SO THAT THE FRAME 'FLOOR JOIST AND I -BEAM SHOWN INVERTED.• TIEDOWN WILL BE CONNECTED TO THE FARTHEST [-BEAM AS SHOWN ABOVE. A 5/16' X 2 1/2' (MIN) FULLY THREADED LAG SCREW MUST BE INSTALLED ON THE INSIDE FLANGE OF THIS BEAM ON INSIDE OUTSIDE EDGE O)F EDGE OF EACH JOIST WHICH HAS A LAG INSTALLED ON THE OUTSIDE FLANGE (SEE DETAIL BELOW). MAIN I -BEAM \\\ MAIN I -BEAM OPTION #1 OPTION #2 OPTION #3 OPTION 94 OPTION #5 BEAM SECURED TO FLOOR FLOOR OPTION 1: 3/32' X 1' X'1/2' LAG CLIP (MAYBE FLAT OR OFFSET) JOIST WITH ONE OF THE JOIST OPTION 2: 2' X 13GA. ROUND FLAT WASHER OPTIONS LISTED OR WITH OPTION 3: 13GA- 3' X 2 3/8' (MIN) SLOTTED LAG CLIP LAG SCREW THROUGH A 3/8' OPTION 4: 11 GA. 3' X 2' (MIN) SLOTTED LAG CLIP HOLE IN I -BEAM FLANGE. OPTION 5: 11GA- 2 3/4' X 1 1/2' (MIN) SELF -ALIGNING SLOTTED LAG CLIP Wind Zone 2 and 3 Near 1-Beam and Far I -Beam Frame Tiedown When the angle of the near beam frame tiedown strap exceeds 60 degrees the tiedown strap must be installed to the far beam frame. 77 aqj ra C�,7i s` =e^`TA81E381SiNGtE 5EC110N.^WIHD ZONE2FRAM�71EOO�WN 9P¢CING iEY) MAX. ROOF PITCHd 36J3�1� a s s ^�_°� ",.Max.....,'. y!10h MaxrWidttt, >: uht}YgxxWidth,'e ^ , •,., 14krytd"x Width ¢ _ a161(Mgx yLOdthi •� I , ,,1QEiMax Width; aNaJ1" �-»Fbo " 84a�Spacingi s°' L BeamSpxing^'" ,, c " 1 BpamSpadngM 48eatp SpadnB .1-e-LBRaK,y5Pe4tng�,-,r-T aw99 i"' 955 i2.:: ; "'. 94.5�-:-,132,^.,,_= •, a„ ..' 99.5 Hight ;' +° }}elBh;, r-5 . .f,99'•5 a r :955"r;. 5 .,� r,.5"'- ,' -` 25 6-0 4'-0 12 6 • 1114..12-0 12'A 12-0 12-0 12-0 12'-0 12 0 �R " 67" NA NA NA NA fi -0'" 5'-6 ' 4 -0"•� 8'-4"• 8 0' • 6'-8' • 918. NAYi^. 0' .. P" s a'" ro 8 .. ., a re.zF'BU,�ra .�.:. A"^n13A ..,. r ..NA.� a ... :u5 ...9•:v8. .«.,.. . .x x� 25 5 0 • NA 30 9'• 9 5 6-4 12 0 12-0•. 12 0 12-0 12'-0 12 0 ' -0 !•M 9'wl �7-0" 12I SNA NA ,.,6 NANA T-4"+ 7 0"• 6'-0"•r .;i4-6 NA. < $-6;-G; , .,AE' 15-4 �=6,.4 °`5,1;°w. a a 25"4-0 NA 9 0'• 8 0f.. 7-0 12'0 12-0 12 0 12 0 12'0 11 S , l 2t'�'t NA..z !`1A •a "zA' 'i 8$ E$0 *T",6A;"� 11.8 >. it 6 r 10;-0 " 32.0 9i}•' x°.r4 67" 'NA NA NA 'NA 4'-Sn« 4'-0"« NA. 6'-8'• . 6 4"s 5'-4"• 7 8' ..-.,.gym. .1NA i:s -�3-1 5•"g�u �. ,w s:Fiv'r,i ZS" NA NA 8'-0"• T-0"' 8'-0" 11'-0" 11'-0"• 11'-0" 11'-4" 12'-0" ' 48 m, big am NA a 4-8,'!"„ 4 0 "'- 10ft- 67" SrNAkP NA NA NA NA 4 4 4'-0'+ NA 6 0" S. 8 5-0 7 0 NA NA , 3x„ „_E l$a.�MULTigulow:" IND;ONEY FRANIETIEhOWNSPACING-{FT}=1YlAX.ROOFPFFCH?•36/]2 .*,*° ,,-r ,.„ TABCE -tytaXa rtdax�, u�^ pt 2P@Max Width 2R Max Width , 2a R,P(IaxW(dth y � r 92ftMax 1Nidth - `Wel�"*� Ft�r Ya � a � 1•Beam Spaung, Beam SPacmE 10eam 5gaan6 Helgitt .,He(ghte �"'nzl8eam5panhg .zi.,79S^ " k 4;953 59,5" i t , 79S 5.5, 993 ' 85 5 99 5' _ 312 a rw93 Sx 99 5. - 332 a 25" 12'-0"• 12'-0'+ 12'-0" 12'-0" 12'-0'• 12' 0" 12'A' 12 0' 12, 0" r ���..` y4a, xz �M+12i-0 �1��°9. 120 'a112-0-" ;$120r • 12-0 12A - 12.O w�F�' 12.0_-a 12-0'•' tan 67 94 96 90 96 98 90 96 90 94"• t ""�$O,,'777 9°0• 777,—T ' 9� -0 9-0a °•„9$ --9A," ,° 94+ „9A •,z yqs 25 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 • 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 a e �"gw 1 p a¢_ 12 0•. 7.20 120 i.. - 320 120 , 12 0 + Ry t, s �� 67 8 6 8 6 , 9 8 8-4 8 8 8 0 8 0• 8 0� h 4 8 0't'-625"'"•12'-0• 12'-0" 12'-0"' 12'-0"' 12' 0 + d'2120 12--0' 12 -0, e.._12 -0- 67 78 70 878• 94 300 30 25 12 0 12 0 • 12 0 12-0 12-0• 12 0 12-0 12-0 12 0 1 fi r 48 s ^� 1'20* -A�120` i?0 P��A2-(1' �120•^-�: 12 "0"� � 12 3� 12-0�� „�„120 7_8. 7-6s 7_0a 8_6"s gay"s 9--4" up � a° 80 0 ! S ?v$ �� 8' '.� 7W •.h \. 6-6"1,. s 6.4. 7 8 " � 8 6'o B•-4'•hr, "..` r? _ ti:6 s6 «°.<F ,.. .-7.4., The "' " listed after any tiedown spacing signifies that a 60 degree angle has been exceeded and an additional strap must be added to the far beam. TABLE I8h, MULTI SECTION WINO ZONE; FRAME TIEOOWN SPApNG11 jF1y- MA%: ROOF PITCH 4.36/32 Max. - = Max. 36 hMax Width " `42;7t Max-tuidth y 48 it Ma Width Wall '-<. floor, e I Reamspaeing�" , € ":1-BeamSpaetng k . °I-llaam Spa iPg :'' Hatght , Height..-,� 955'".995' "955A9S" 95.5">995" 25„ 12'-0„ 12'-0" " 4 z 5-0 25'• 12,-0°* 12,-0"'� , ' ' 25" 12,-0��« 12,_0„ aft 67" P-6„* 7'-4„* 7'-0,* ix. 7-7 7`A " 251, 12,_�,« 12,-0• . 12' 0" . 482 10R — 67" 68' 68 68 'TABLE lBC MULTI SECT MN. -WINO ZONE IFRAMEMEOOWN SPA[ING(FT) ".ROOFPITtH5j12`' - Mav Max. 20ftMax ;Witltha � °°24ftMax Width ;,28kMaz. Width ;,.32RMax. Width ' Wall Floor I Ream 5paiing u r ". 1 Beam 5pking ' J Beam Spddng s Beam 6padn Height Height o795' 99 b,.. '"795',! 95:; 995 „953 99.5 '112, eJ s Via, -955 ,a112 x ,, 95.'-94,6",,,#!2',". ^' 25" 12'-0"• 12'_0"* 11'-0" 12' O"* 12'-0"« 10'-4" 8'-0.. il'-8" 11'-4" 8k' 48 _ ]LI Sar 10 Ok ",11-6 `°il -0"! w-. 10'-8"'.,8-0 6T 5'-8'* 5'-0"* 6'-0"* 6,-4"* : 6'-6"* 6'-6"r `4'g "* ' 25 .11 "" 12-0"* 10' 0" 11'-0"* 12'4" 9'-0" T-0" 10-6' 10' 0' 9 k c . - 48-"—•— ....,:,..A 8 s «.-_ a .. SO -4 • 9 0"* 9' 8 * i'0 8 r' 10 6'� .T"6 e . lQggw:.,. 67" .. 5 4"' -"a 4'.8"* 5'-8... 5'.6"' 5'-0"* 5,-8«. 5'_8,* _6,-0„* 6,-0"- 80" ...-. r.., 4 0 * a =':.5cp"* ". "A�8"*' ,. Q.-6 .' Sr-0"r` 'S.O". 5:.8,. Snjb"«•.;a. �. .. ??} 8 * < 2S"' 9-0"* 1J..0". 9-0" B' 0«. 9,-8„« 8'-4" 9 4 o 9 6"* -' ° 974 ' -�9'-6"•-, f•-8''- 14' 0", 30 it4' * 67 _..BO" 5-0* -..-0 46 5'-4"* 5,-0«+ 4'_8„* 5�_6„« 5-4,'• 6'-8„« 5,_8"*... .d 4 } ;..".,4 0 "� �a4 8 tr -a- , 4' -VW _4.'-4 s < _"`'' S;o a A:B —'-5,_„"_4 •.. —.5",`W.- The" * " listed after any tiedown spacing signifies that a 60 degree angle has been exceeded and an additional strap must be added to the far beam 10'-0" 67" 5'-4"• 5'-6"• 5'-8"• 25" 12'-0"• 9 -0^ 10 -4" 67" 5'-0"• 5'4" 11'-8"• .F67" 4'-S" I Y-0". I 5'-0.. _ 1 ",-TA BLE.18e.NIULtiSECfj 11 f0 .WIND20NE Si"CTiEDOWNSPApNG tETirq AX;t)D0k' Ori;HIO ..a'n.l `s Max.;'20kMa'it Width 24 ft Ma)d Width .. 28ftmax Width B7sRMan Width m=< w Wall, Fioor�- ' PI-BeamSpadng ^,� 1'Beam spaciN6 "`5p�EinS 16gam pad �, Height "•Nelght` rA"',LBeam '- 79.5' v . 25" 11' 8"• 12'-0"• 10'-0" 11'-0"• 9'-0" 10'-4" ' ,46" 9 8"*' 9d 10-b `G 10'-0* sa10', .8 it °. 67" 6'_4'• 4,-4 �. 5-8. 5'-6". 5'-8"• 6-0. _ ^:80" .. "a 4 $' S"6 • r".' 25" 9'-6"' 11'_0°• e'-0" 9'4". 8'-0' 9.� 46`-1`-:' 9-0 8 �} 9-6 • B-P ` r ";1.. �" 9 $°.. 6-8'" a ', °, ec o- eft` ° 67" 5 0"• 4'-5"• 5'-4"• 5'-0"• 5 -6"• 5 8"• 80 a :. 4e�4"* =a 4 0 4,-8 • 4 $ • . 5-0 "� � a ,.`Sep 25" 7' 8"• 9-6"' -4 8'" 7'-8"• - 7�_6„ 8' -8„ '48"m..%s gg.: TB• B'.8"e' 8-q" ¢ 8'tl_� .G ,6.`e al'�Ss„s 10 tt 67" 4'-8,• q'-4'• 5'-0'• q'_8"• S,-0,• 5'-6"• '80" q'=0"• ^_ _ - NA' "" 4-6 * „4.6"• sd.8'•;;x a, t. .i 6 ;D ,.ps,1%y 12'-0 8'-4 a -8' 25" 1 11'-011• 1 T-8" 67" —. 4'-8"• 4'-8"• 4'-8"• " 25" IVA"• 7'-0" ,.. 67" 4'-4"' 4'_8"• 4--8"• The "' " listed after any tiedown spacing signifies that a 60 degree angle has been exceeded and an additional strap must be added to the far beam. TABLE wt MAX,'R00f P"W7er Max. Mar 20ftM�Width," -24fi arjWldth, Width2 Wale Floc[ I tail4i am spa 4, 95.V 9�s� 704-11- 2S 9,8.. -4 ll"' ql.' o 9,625"9'-4- 8ft, 67" S.-o". 4'-8" 5'-4"' 5'.6.. S. -8.. 25" 81-011- 9, -a'.. 8-4" 7'-8"' 7--6" 8'-6" 67" 4--8"' 4-4"- 51-011- 4'-8"' SOO., 5'-4" 25" 6' -8"' 8 11 7 6'-8"' 7' -0" 8�0'- 4Wf � 67 4-6 4.-0"' 4'-6' • 4'-8"' 5'-0" A" Nk 3,4 WN SPACING FT) -Bakx. "M '48 ft'Mm wair oa�, 440i- m sp--ac n-.-g.. , -Wi4th I- "aam IM Hb ht-H,Ight 85s-.99. V— 25, 7-4" 8'-4- L I W L 67" 4'-6" 4'-8'* -77— �8'.W 67" 4'-4" 4%6"' 4'-6"' 7-:7� 77 77 4 W* 11 2 -S" 9.-0.,* 6'-4" T-O" "4 �7- 67" 4'-0" 4'-4"* 4'-4" 71 The " * " listed after any tiedown spacing signifies that a 60 degree angle has been exceeded and an additional strap must be added to the far beam. 's,,,tau'sa'[BLE,2,951N6LE$ECf70N,W1t42 NE`..NEARI$EANI#R!(NIEIEp4tNN$PACIN6 �Eij5„M1?A%:'RODYRtN 26fLmaxau idii, ' 06/12 iBh Max Width Max,. i5 €ul+j "� trlO it S4ax Wid >ts*s12f�t Npt itlttit, ;� �n 4ft�Maw W�dthi3 �y{il :�Flimr-'^ram 'amSPadnR °`^� ,.,g�am5 1 R '� ', tiNeaspacma a ,„ I Rearo9Pc6rS,, '`r�[Beam S{�acmg ' N�TgNS. ' N -..79 E shx z` 9ss, a9S3.,; ?,.399.5"'s t,95r6"zs,, r 995 ._a. �U .. , tv"SmS ,. 'tea` 25 NA NA 4-4 4-0' 64. 7 0 8 0 61-0 84 ie e 6 r ;m,N,gAe a "'' 9a N. sumNA <.a$"NA^`' a.p..4K nEsK6 „,u..s6� �,i. e °-7,'. r>~ «e1`s 4 a Z 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 8 4' 6 5 6 ll -fey° ,4„ J Nh ' "�;�"t: e JAa; xFi spr 25 NA NA NA NA 6-0' 6-0 7-0 7b 7-0 az'.a r�a'48s, ` �s,Nh"`�'"' ,.`."9,' a»ad. D, .. Sa^A"�5 i' '" a-0' k 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 0 +:, sN�Srn. :'k.,a..uNA�.e.`+*NAK+�a�.:�NAt&`,s,:NA=6,i',,:.'aN9:<„'-"„„37A,�°s a 25 NA NA NA NA S.-S. 61.0. 6'4 6-4 Pa° i sA�" " NA`s. %ts'`m�NPee„"e�6€ 3^�5-4 0 �Aw er >~T' 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 0 NA 4 6 Nep h wa N7S$d " Y E".. 6 ..,a�_,NAx.`s'"'."P,a�k B d6 �s „�N$ tiNA.§e,�NA� ..:`4"—.TT^gT r..eNhlri,. 25 NA NA NA NA 5-0' 4 8 5 6 5-6 5 8 ,�.+AN!S"'„ ,10 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4-0 u,a'°'.�r,a60. m—nw N to ai»',id�,.<^a++ a?+N¢ii NA »,t na.'`Nfl'.»w£. �°_ NA .� , .e$ aN :'a .r 3 N.6 �.,,„ „tIK@E 19a:.7u111E375"E4TIDN U a as. WIN420NE2NEAR� $ W EAIt7 fMMEIIEDOWN5P,AC�IdG Ek7) itAA'x 71OOF Pkaai6)Y 3 ... m M 12Beam pat Og v s +. ¢ a pn �tp '"jamihR ® Spat a�r+''s am5 ada'!!A �'� `MB m P» inB or .;a� ,: F-Bmn & „s .a46' r„ i"-`.; G .'ss -, J5.5^." 455 ", c �6�;:.. +955, » 9�5 !!ei$he }Ie»ght, -. ,755 955, 9S 5" 5 .955a s 9551 ; 25 5-0 NA 6 8 5 0 4'-0 7-0" 6 6 7 8 7 8 e'e "m»iA .. .b 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5..0. 4 6 .�� ::e"'5 A�"ire 3a k e �NAgry " 6*y� NA , NA 7 7ww ,i39wx,ut ... .7 1 M.Nd i7 ^x 26 4-4 NA 6-0 4-4 NA 6-0" 6-0 7 0 7-0 sg°u set a»4 i ¢4,az' »48 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 0 4 0 i. v '�'xzwr: E::ri 50,775 , ,77W �? �. Nd�aa �ti 25 4 0 NA 54 4 0 NA 5 9" 5A" 6 6 6 6 +'as 48'A e. s 1sYk4s� ,e :r .NA §s srrk,'NA �, "F"NA i 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA §m..; nm NA `r* TNAJ4' t: , 25 NA NA 4 8 NA NA 5-0 4 6 6-0 5 8 F 4:k ara..s,,re-" <:, Nd�r r.� ryAE``.�$� �.k.^.s .-x?lk 67 NA .IN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ". s:,'«�....,., . _ ?aNA,.'f rN*t,. 6 NA; 3; ,'-°7ABLi19�i.5MGlE SECTIOFt: WIND 2ONEZFARI-BEAMFBAME,REOOWNSPACIN6iF,T� MAX ROOF P/TCN-0.36/12},s Mex - Max,x �. 10k Max Width � iZk Max. Width" ' 34h Maxi WiBth ' 16kMaz Width �IS.it Max Wtdth-. W II Floor>� Ieeam Spae hg a FBeamS adn r" IHaamS adn P g ABe m "8 IBeamS axln s D e Nerg6t ,° FleiBhtw �.TgaS� ,95.5'L995 e,955 A95,.r_- .... 9.5 95Sb•9", e996 .."t 25 5 8 SW5 8 fi 0 fi'-0 6 0 } w T iir. x''3 °�'S 8--„"' *° 58 3,-" 5,--0-'-•'";�,. .°. 6,+-0, e 60 zvr 67 5 6 5-8 S.-S. 6-0" 6-0 6 0 a ¢ "?t 80, 6:. 5 8 p ;.�. a w, .m;5 ..5'=8 x e 25 4 8 4-8 4 8 5-0' 5'-0 5-4 gk `8 :4'8,-" '.48 7 67 4 8 4-8 4 8 S.-O.51-0 5-0 �48' �'- 25 4'-0' 4'-0' 4'-0" 4'-0" 4'-6" 4'-8" " 67" 4'-0" 4' 0 4 0" 4'-4" 4'-6" 4 8" .°`'�50��' NA .e a'y "A'-D �.,, re4.0�, x4'-4 �" w'S,..e ,., 64fr k *., 25" NA NA NA NA NA 4'-0" a 67 NA NA NA NA NA 4-0 smax F.;.., ,e r,4t n.,f',z7ARtF}9WMllt7/$E'GTI(�N-WINDZONE2FJ1R Ig8E]!(JIFpAINE TtFDgWNi AGIN¢'�Fn jMAX ROOF PITGN:'ii.06/12b Max Maz r 20ft MazyW(dth of 24k Max -Width Z8kM3x Width HZft Maz Wid = iWtall • "Ai itA# a Fitl�uyy', J 48ea+"5pac1"g➢ t 3 '4ReaJp, soij"ieg S" l aJl IBeemS`pacmg IBearo 5Padng q``,-. Nefght �; Height_ rF ,°, ,F 25" 8'-4" 8'-0" T-6" T-0" 6'-0" 5'-8" � - , "7-4" 67' 7 6" 7-6 7-6" 7'-6" 7 6" 25 7 6 7 -0 T-0" 6 -6" 5'-8" 5'-6" r 67 1 68 68 68 68 6'-8 68 77 ° "a"! 25 68 68 66 60 56 50 F `emstwSd�a,. � � 6.4 g v 67 6-0 60 6-0 60 6-0 6-0 '„ c 0 77. ., 5 8, .° s 6-0"` .z -.7 T 25 6-0 6 0 6-0 5-8 5-0 5-0 ti 67' 5'-6" 5'-6" 5'-6" 5%8" 5'-8" 5 8" e. ,e°a} 80'.xiX, 5 777SL"E+". 56 3M ,i °'YABtE 190:MULT15EiNON=WIND Zt}NE2FAR7-BEAM FRAhtETYEUDWN'SP11dNC.. (FT( -MA%. ROOF PNU15/12' `,• Nian°'_ Mas g 20ftMax�Width a "'24ft Max,.Wldth 28hMar Width.'. 32ftMatF,Wfdth,7, WaR; Floor i-BeamS�iaNng � 't$eamSpa�ing 1-e'eam SPacNgq IBeai+a 5padng Height ; ,Nueht a 79 5 A9S ,., e .. 95.9'. =995'• .:. 25"_. 4 8, 4'-4" 4 0 NA 67" 4'-4" 44' 4 0' 4 0" as 25" N-W 4'-0" NA NA a 9ft` 67" 4'-0".. 4'-0" NA NA &, ce `%- 25" NA NA NA NA F iQ if 67" NA NA NA NA —7777 NA � �..,:"EABlE 19F:MbLTi SEt71ON+WIND 2ON):2 FAR t-BEAM:FRAMEiIEDOWNSPACING (Fl)-MAX. ROOFPfiQi 6/12 NW>f,": Maw , ' 20.fttAaz Widtk ° °'L4$Mex. Y$idth ,` 28ftM5x>Wfdthary 311, Width w1NaN' Ftnor+° • FBea&i SpadnB , ° ° 1-Beam SPaoinB 48eain$Patine °: I BeainSPaatn6 ; HeigTiF ttefghf ° 79,$'=8955 25 4-0 4-0 NA NA s 48^ .. A,B°1 ., ,s.°40. 67" 4'-0" 4'-0" NA NA 77777wW7 ' 25" NA NA NA NA 9Yx+.r 67" NA NA NA NA NA. ;=NA' A 3 TABLE206.3MGLE SI E SEC.TION-WINOZONE3 FAR 4B,EAM FRAME,TIEDOWNSPAtlNG (FT]MAX ROOF,PITCHA.36/32'a;,�_,; WitMaa Width 22 ftMax Width', —36ftMaa Width ;lBftNT" WQth', ,4 .,.Wall.: ' 4 y+a5 r �� 5 .d. ,' •1 Eeam SpadPg 1-8eam8padhg,�r 48eam SDpctng 1 Se mSPadpg 'k e 3 N�gye3r 78eamSpa2i gyq Hecht ,",door s NelghC-,Z ' 79.5° � I ' 957 99S"" 95,5 -99 ✓ �TK. 25 4 0 4-0 4-0 4 8 4 8 4 8 ' M,448 'r9'4A x;, 4'-0 q-0 ,.�...F4 8 m ft • c`:°ry` 67" 4-0 4-0° 4-8- 48" 4-8" tE ai 80 . s r A.-0"' ,. .✓,'S4-0., ,,;;t:�¢5.t4.6,ws t.4"�-,`.,. iA^8."z vw.. ,rs... a4 8 e Q :.. a e$ s 4;H er'7iS.;: ram: 25" NA NA NA W-o" 4'-0" W-o" a m 4 a �- ftr� 44- 67" NA NA NA 4'-0" 4-0" NA DNA r kz. " n4'-0•4 0 4-0..q ."w2 25" NA NA NA NA NA NA a e+ 9ft; 67" NA NA NA NA NA NA . e"^N ...ice.,"s.NR ; ;arNA�r e Pis �A»r. �'°� -i.. it .HAS.., +, ,*'..? 25" NA NA NA NA NA NA 4H ',DNA. A � x,^ NA NA✓X NA "'r NA,,, Offs. ,+ _ .,�a®=� �' .�'.it +q»,. 67 NA NA NA NA NA NA 80 NA NA. NA "°eg ':NAa.s •,�,�.- NA `.gh - NA::.; r A` TABLEl20C:MULTI SELTION -4YINO ZONE 3+FAR 1-8EAN7 FRAME TIEDOWN SPAdNG ITT} - MAX. ROOF PITON (. e. •. r Maz,. a Max 20ftMax. Width : s °' 243ft Max Width s 2gftMix Width -. 32ft Max Width= Val : FIoo�TM g 1 Beam paweg a 'p e 1' eamSpacing ; "E {i Bg�mbpadnp� t, ^aYBeamdpaeiPg�¢ xa. - Refight a„ °� AHS"d� k .. s., °. 99 S'„ ° �r =*', w-s"-w5, o xNeighL';', 795 955 .795 x:_ 95S•-99:5. „ ,•HSS ' 25" 5'-8" 4'-8" 5'-0. 4'-8" 4'-4" 4'-0" � -- •� 7ft; m N 6T 6'-0" 6'-0" 6'-0" 6'-0" 5 8' 5'-0' e :80 a9a a S 8.� a ,.is^ _s95 8. "'s:-ir,H ! P"6 '- 25" 5'-0" 4'-6" 4'-8" 4'-6" 4'-0' NA S 8s.;- S,8'ik '.' e S-011,LILl �`fte 67' S'-0' S'-0" 5'4" 5'4" 5'-0' S'-0" ro - ✓. 80 77 5-0" " 5`•0"'.. s ..%5 0, rgyQii 5-0 5•-0"x *; z - rr 25 4-8 4-0 4 6 44 NA NA i: :Hft i 5j _ .,ta & ,.. 444 g „n ti4z 7 . -• 67 4-8 4-8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 `s¢a�,.80e+-�.:�48Y d°r a • ,. x' 25" 4-6" 4-0" 4'-0" 4'-0" NA NA 4.8 , - '. 4 8 .. i+,*e,✓�`vi'$T-r4 ft�: s10 67" 4'-0" 4'-6" 4-6 4-6 4'-6' 4'.6' ,... Era + $A"i" 4-0"r`.'"'-- 4'47fa:'3 .:4'-4"° ""6' ✓w u,:.�'4,-0 -a�: r 4A`'r`•; �. ZVI SIDEWALL VERTICAL ANCHORS Homes designed for Wind Zones II and III also require vertical tie downs along the sidewalls (Figure 63). The vertical tie down brackets will be factory installed. Vertical and frame sidewall tie downs may connectto one double -headed anchor or each to its own dedicated anchor per the spacing requirements listed in Tables 19 and 20. If addi- tional brackets are required to be added or existing brackets are required to be relocat- ed due to interferences or site conditions, Install Mastercraft #5705 or steel angle brackets and straps as shown in Figure 63. LONGITUDINAL FRAME ANCHORS = Use Table 21 to determine the number of longitudinal frame anchors required at each end of the home. The longitudinal frame anchors may be factory installed, site installed or connected to a crossmember within 3" of the main I-beam. NOTE: Friction is assumed to contribute to the resistance in the longitudinal direction when piers are no more than 64" high. Friction from a single block pier is assumed for piers less than 44" high. Friction from a double block pier is assumed for piers between 44" and 64" high. � �,' g,= 'ii8TA8LE21WtNp20N6310�'{GIiUOlNA1FRAME"NEOOWN�4GA�ii'ffl�S�gUANTRY 6ACHETSDOf aOrdF}1i� �� �.. 'a,� ?g" e u6ingin`Seeyon„ a ^^ 1eM41dSGc0on s "' & TdpleSeWorr .� Max.;,a Max. ; .a k(18ftMax.kloorWldehlx� .p'�°�s ��Rr •""(3w2Yh r�yl.aciloorgwfdfA) n`'s.�.,ru�sa43A'�{"a}�(46d(s��.,tMaw t NPorYlldthl4 �'+��"�� Root Pier-4��s Mld�mumrlNt SengthaY` ,a +n , Mlninlwn UDR txngWrvs ei. 2 ��,u �''§'. °E` S^`�r�.`%. Mbpnem f"{ YS`➢ �U. Z .t�. Nnlc ledgt'hsa >% a.° aLr $ rre•'4. m , ' as fi� n � � �,i � ,a �`h.` t a:; �i+ � d, r 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 `a1�3`� .�.3.- c44 .e 4 36i 44" o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S3.sy .o. ,�a;r � �u.. 6'cf ,a=�f .h Rta A°iy `} °�- ° 3 �o ,X4 %"o or '3 p � 1` (�z,, 11 1 «�. } th w{`. M✓* _ , . 64" 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 d :`L2"r� A s. s' &�2 , k 1,M 'a0`a 0 er`ae fi°E . O�:9a#., aQ 36 a ppg�' i" a "� .:^s axZ k m �' 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 ,q tAw *` 9Ak Eg �= 7777777777 s a ° L 2 0�0 52 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 a%Y,1 e'. 2. '�lz'?'1",yAq ?A , «•.5„ 4, .'zu4=: ,a3?. ,a.3{ .e2' 3 ..1;,e „ ,. , PI¢R HEWI1iGAEATERiNAN G4„ ,WINDXONE 1!2NG11UpINA4 F,RgMETIEDOWN:gUANilT1E5f,QU,ANfrrY QI,ENO,gF}IOI41E}„i i ne `t`Ik z WaR -A #te ��.y6�9+ NkeRl5gtfl nm`^" CEP'} i µp SN v�aTZ'p 'gc -ray b { .�' , 12, Nei9__ N . _ e 4.36 1 1 2 2 2.. 2 3 3 4 4... 5 6 ;2.�m`v s dS 3�e.:rv." . 4, °a �1t„4x�3 ri S 4.�, c, „b '5`,° 3 o. 7 1, " 436 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 $ NA #.. P.4;5"'"2.5 .e�s33*4 s. 6 NA NA NA NA NA 3 3 4 5 5 8 m 436 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 1 _, 3 N? . t `4`,,"kx ' 6 NA NA NA NA NA 3 4 4 5 6 8 r 35, �M4!.36 NA . .a�� . 'c2��reNp' a 'r .NA. ��- ,ire NA.'"? � ,r�'` �" 4''�»m fir.. S," m$Nr ... i ` 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 8 70NA,.:"a,2 NA NA NA NA 3 4 5 5 6 9 gh �s TA8LE 2Z. WIN02ONE2YON6[I'UOtktAL FRAME„'NEOOiNN t}{IANi1T1a EACH ENO `ss*s Mazy. O 4 W e r 7 d fi e °I' Roof-� , wr r as FYtl Yt i R „1 3 e 5e°retionnxnt ^9&A'.'s S f$ as P'LY°"sT r N "NWItE$e2lion p¢j� av �� H d i� 6Y atl e", 7 sk gel nsn"$Ye r� WW";iTifv ". n; E rt, va a s:$ .s HeJg41 , , a'w ra. "t7,�";it^; 6 .16 :1 3 7ft n 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 8 9 re 496:" 2 e» 2 ;` +:.z 13q e gr^'3 7ajio s r ` 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 9 10 s? a.>, 6" rs A 36 i ,, > >—.„...:�rw3�"`,.w�. s.a - w� 4,'. i. 4 s, d',, e.� s.,.. �^ <s, „�. v»s .tea 7„_... g' . ,«11., r ��k 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 _;_> 9 30 a ra pS 14i 5 NA NA NA NA NA 4 5 6 7 10 12 ti:a we , NQM, �{ „ NA NA NA NA 5 6 7 8 12 13 2r> N v3 .�? `.= 3" . s.-x n. "4 ,'s..$3 4.36 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 �ede� ? ;�.>. �A4 Re "' ''...§kN�E e.> e+s ^.h? 'm a¢a�'>,. e a �.a. 11 $ ^„4".�.e 6 „HA.i'�P NA . NA .:": NA NA NA .,'*u 5 6 ,�x"ti%7�$ 7 8 12 13. A e7, .,e NA.„$a N%�:.�. ff`. s..NA. A. .3 A ,; N' . x°:Cnt°",..'s£ �7w,` . 9 ee,eeel2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 30 12 L p e 4"r496.€., �,x,a?a� 4 3, * ta_s,'S e.'� u`.»„"°`so. e 5 NA ,. NA NA NA NA 5 6 7 9 12 13 n spy -a' gig. 7 NA NA NA NA NA 5 7 8 9 13 15 3 .z "'s ¢s s� TABLE 2�WINOZONE3[bN6111701NA(.EBAMETIEgOWN40AN:1T1E5e(6ACH ENOOFi�OMEj$ °` 8 s aae a"`�' Maio � aF MBx ; '» �a �rr� �.'� x•`; � � >� � � * � �M�x.Homa WTdlh a fin, x>r ``" � r ,§ro ai n "x, $ e 7R 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 7 10 1 11 „ASS .. >E '324F,.:¢ 3 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 $ ySft 5 ..§>438 .� c,. �3.y ;; s .3,a :., , x, a;3 ". F.e>a> e g, a'. C e.a <5 F'i;:. e Eta, ey t, �e d,„x's8 E.„. 4 . 12»``t.. d'1� P4 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 'S". ,vii 5 NA NA NA NA NA 5 6 8 9 12 ' 14 e' rb' i` 1 `NA3 a a a ,-`..k°. NA.,>^"k z„� a`!�A,' e °u 5„+G ,s:. +, O., §.yE 4 a, n.e 13',at 7 NA ,NA NA NA .e ,,.':NA NA r� NA ,So 6 7 F 8 30 14 , 16 s 54i a>a x5 r a' y G , `"a �, B t�� ti..:39 � e e 12 >�,13, A. 'a 4 436 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 t` $ s'fii asts...,5 ..' ,a . Nfh..t Cb Nqt. a.. „ n� , 6 NA NA NA NA NA 6 7 9 10 14 ' 16 § m i''e>.: °<i > ,za`t:8� , s,18x w ";i5;„.a 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 4m?:t au�.`>",' Sr,�ca,�'P„ t aif '"s16k .<.. S ,. . NA NA ,m NA .e..1e»4k NA .. NA >...a 6 7 9 10 14 16 � DNA � 7 NA NA NA NA 6 8 30 11 1 16 1 18 01 MARRIAGE LINE VERTICAL ANCHORS (WIND ZONES If AND III ONLY) In Wind Zones II and III, marriage line anchors are required at each column along the /z marriage wall. , There may be manufacturer -installed brackets indicating required tie down locations When to install marriage (may be identified by tags or paint). If brackets are not present, then an alternative ac- line anchors. Anchors ceptable connection method, such as steel angles (provided by the manufacturer) must along the marriage line must be used (Figure 63). If necessary to avoid interference with piers, the tie down location be installed prior to the sec - may be offset horizontally from the column by a maximum of 12 inches, and half of a multi -section home being set. TAG UNIT FRAME AND VERTICAL ANCHORS Tag unit anchoring is not covered in this manual. The required anchoring details will accompany homes with tag units. PORCH POST ANCHORS Each post that requires an anchor will have a tiedown bracket attached from the factory and be designated by a pier label. Homes with roof pitches of 4.36112 or less do not require frame tiedowns below a full width endwall porch. Required frame and vertical tiedowns in Wind Zone 2 and 3 may begin on -center spacing at the corner porch post/endwall location. This will also satisfy the Sidewall Frame Anchor requirement of locating one "no more than two feet from each end of home" stated on page 75. Homes with roof pitches above 4.36/12 must also contain frame tiedowns below endwall porches and can be combined with vertical tiedown brackets at porch posts. OFFSET UNIT ANCHORS Anchors installed on offset units will be installed per the standard tiedown charts unless otherwise instructed by details that accompany the home. - -- - — " STEP 2. DETERMINE TIEDOWN CONFIGURATION Tiedown spacings have been provided when the tie down strap is connected to the near I-beam and/or when the strap is connected to the far I-beam. STEP 3. SELECT ANCHORS Use the torque probe results from Prepare the Site, STEP 6. DETERMINE GROUND ANCHOR HOLDING CAPACITY (p. 19) and the anchor manufacturer instructions se- lect the type and length of anchor to use. The installed ground anchor size (length) must be listed (i.e. approved) for the soil class. Make sure the anchor is of sufficient length such that the top of the helix is below the frost line. Select a shaft diameter sufficient to resist excessive torsion, "ring -off (when the helix or anchor head separates from shaft) or shaft splitting. Consult the anchor supplier for guidance. Review all of STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS (p. 90) and STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS (p. 91) before making final anchor selections to determine when single headed vs. double headed anchors should be used. Follow the specifications in Table 24 when se- lecting stabilizing system components. TABLE 24. ANCHOR TYPES Rock anchor 1 (for use in solid rock only) -concreteanchor .„,._ Concrete ONLY TARLF 25. ANCHOR SVSTFM MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS -Anchors-musfbelested and iistedloresistar inimumyltimate load of 4 725 lbs and a minimum allowable working load of 3,150 Ibs or ultimate and corresponding working load limited by soil con Icons and anchor - Anchors length ;The working load is the maximum load the designer can use. Ground anchors must be provided with protection against weather deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of not less than 0.030 oz per sq It of surface coated. tiuisbemimmumpt.1/4 X005 runt-coatedj0030 oz ersq h)steef sfr3ppmg confo(mingto Grutle 1 r sh 13ith nimum alto' wa miWorkin 'd c® ac' of'0150 Ibs �o "b%glc? p sX, a �. �� and a mmigtum altimale toad 4f 4 7251bs 66t or cut etlges of zinctnated strapping da not need io be zmo' ,� -"" t s7 ,,.. .: - The size and type of stabilizer plate, if required by the ground anchor manufacturer, will be specified in the ' anchor manufacturers instructions. Stabilizer plates must be provided with protection against weather Stabilizer plates deterioration and corrosion at least equivalent to that provided by a coating of zinc on steel of notless than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coaled. Alternatively, ABS stabilizer plates may be used when listed and certi- fied for such use. STEP 4. INSTALL ANCHORS Before beginning anchor installation, check for obstructions under the home such as piers and frame members that may interfere with the tie down strapping. Check with utility,companies to determine the location of underground utilities, such as electrical and phone lines, and water, sewer and gas pipes, that may be buried in potential an- chor locations. Also check for homeowner -installed wires and pipes, such as those connecting exterior lighting or sheds to the home. These must also be avoided. FRAME ANCHORS Frame anchors can be installed in two ways, in -line and against a stabilizer plate. The two methods are discussed below: In -Line Configuration Thein-line configuration (Figure 55) for homes can be used in Wind Zone I only. Typi- cally, in -line anchors.are used under high homes where the anchors can be installed from under the -home after -the home is set. In -line anchors can also be installed before th'e.home is set,. owever precisely aligning the anchor with the home both vertically and horizontally is difficult. Using swivel connectors for the strap to beam connection can providesome horizontal flexibility. To install in -line frame anchors, drive the anchor into the ground at an angle and loca- tion such that a straight line can be drawn from the tip of the anchor through the anchor head and to the connection point on the I-beam (Figure 55). @Grading area around anchors. Anchor heads should not rest in sunken spots. Grade the ground so that water does not collect around anchor heads, but runs away from the anchor and out from un- der the home. Do not bury anchor heads. Figure 55. In -line anchor con- figuration FRAME-. TIEDOWN FRAME TIEDOWN Figure 56. Stabillzerplate STRAP MAIN BEAM STRAP PIER GROUND ANCHOR MAIN BEAM configuration PIER GROUND ANCHOR - PLATE PLATE _ Anchor alignment. Properly aligning the anchor is critical . to performance. Stabilizer Plate Configuration Stabilizer plate configurations (Figure 57) are suitable for homes in all wind zones. An- chors may be installed after the home is set. A stabilizer device, typically an ABS or metal plate, is used to prevent the top of the anchor from slicing through the soil when the load is applied. Stabilizer plates are available in a variety of widths. Choose the widest plate that can be driven into the soil to maximize resistance to movement. The LAHJ. may have stabilizer plate requirements. go] Install anchors with stabilizer plates as follows: 1. Measure. To determine the stabilizer plate location, measure from the top of the I-beam to the ground directly under it and then use the same measure- ment directly away from that point under the beam (Figure 57). The anchor and plate must be under the home, but within six inches of the exterior wall for a near beam set and ten inches minimum from the exterior wall for a far beam set. Be careful not to place in a location that will interfere with skirting. Figure 57. Determining anc- hor and stabilizerplate loca- tion (LOOSE) (PROPERLY TENSIONED) R PLATE STABILIZER PLATE GROUND EANCHOR 1;::GROUND ANC OR 2. Install anchor. To assure that the anchor attachment point will end up at the stabilizer plate, start the anchor insertion approximately 12 inches back from from the desired location if using a 48 inch long anchor, or approximately 16 inches if using a 60 inch long anchor. Install the anchor at about 10 degrees off vertical, with the head tilted away from the home. Install the anchor to a depth of approximately one half its length. 3. Drive stabilizer plate. Drive the stabilizer plate into the ground to its full depth at the point determined in Step 1. 4. Complete anchor Installation. Screw the anchor the rest of the way into the ground. The finished anchor must be installed to its full depth. When the anc- hor strap is properly tensioned it will pull the anchor head and shaft into the stabilizer plate. VERTICAL ANCHORS To install vertical anchors, screw the anchor into the ground directly under the strap at- tachment point on the home until the bottom of the anchor head is flush with the ground or no more than one inch above grade. STEP 5. INSTALL STRAPS Follow the instructions below to connect straps from the home to sidewall frame, end wall frame and vertical anchors. Always protect straps at sharp comers including around I -beams with radius clips or other methods (Figure 58). Radius clips may be fabricated from galvanized steel strap formed to fit around comers. LONGITUDINAL TOP OF BEAM IF I -BEAM STRAP IS WRAPPED AROUND BEAM SPLICING STRAPS Splicing may be required when a pre-cut strap is of insufficient length. Splices must be made by overlapping the straps by 12 inches, applying one splice clip from above and the other from below; use a crimping tool to tightly ssal the splice clips (Figure 59). Do not run any portion of the splice through an anchor head bolt. APPLY SPLICE CLIPS IN DIRECTION OF ARROWS STRAP/1 APPROX 12' FRAME ANCHORS Install straps to frame anchors as follows: 1. Connect strap to home. Conned one end of the strap to the top of the (- beam using approved buckles or clips (swivel or hook clip preferred). When frame ties are connected to the bottom of the beam it must be Within 3" of a crossmember. iO WRAP STRAP AROUND MAIN BEAM r° c� qy� QH�O O CONNECT HOOK TO TOP OF MAIN BEAM AND CONNECT OTHER END OF STRAP TO ANCHOR HEAD. 2. Connect strap to anchor. Conned the other end of the strap to the split bolt in the anchor. Leave enough strap length to be able to make three complete turns,or minimum required per manufacturer's installation instructions, around the bolt before it becomes tight (appro)imately 2-1/2 inches per turn or 13 inches total). Fewer than three turns, or required per manufacturer's installa- tion instructions, and the strap may not hold onto the bolt when force is ap- plied. Conversely, too many turns may not fit within the U-channel of the anc- hor head. Follow the procedure outlined in Figure 61. Figure 58. Radius clips Figure 59. Tie down strap splice Figure 60. Strap to beam connection 0 © USING A Mr SOCKET OR OPEN END WRENCH, ROTATE CLOCKWISE, WRAPPINGTHE STRAP AROUND THE TENSION BOLT. O2 CONNECT HOOKTO TOP OF MAIN BEAM AND CONNECT OTHER END OF STRAP TO ANCHOR HEAD. Q ONCE TENSIONED TOTHEPONr THAT COUNTER -CLOCKWISE RESISTANCE APPEARS, USE ASW OPEN END WRENCH TO HOLD THE SQUARE NECK WHILE REPOSmONING THE 1511V TENSIONING WRENCH TO CONTINUE TENSIONING. REPEATASREQUIRED. O INSERTTHE TENSION BOLT INTO THEA14CHORHEADAND LOOSELY ATTACH THE HEXNUT. O ONCE FULLYTENSIONED,ALIGN THE SQUARE NECK OF THE BOLT WITH THE SQUARE RECESS IN THE ANCHOR HEAD AND DGHTEN THE HEK NUT. THIS WILL DRAW THE TWO TOGETHER AND LOCK THE SYSTEM INTO FINAL POSITION. 3. Pretension anchor. For anchors with stabilizer plates, pretension the anchor by pulling it up to the stabilizer plate using the strap and take-up bolt to�move the anchor head. Continue pulling the strap until the plate moves a small amount (about 1/2 inch). This is called packing the plate and it will yield the strongest resistance (the bottom of the anchor head should be a maximum one inch above the top of the stabilizer plate). LONGITUDINAL FRAME ANCHORS Attach straps to the bracket welded by the manufacturer to the frame (Figure 62). If no brackets have been installed, use approved beam clamps designed specifically for this purpose, available from anchor suppliers or connect the strap to a spring hanger or a crossmember(within 3" of the main I-beam). Connect straps to anchors following same procedure as for sidewall frame anchors. Protection of the strap at sharp comers must be provided (p.91). MAIN BEAM TIEDOWN STRAP WITH ® PLACETHE STRAP THROUGH THE SLOTTED SHANK OF THE TENSION BOLT AND BEND UP TO Mr. IF APPROVED BY THE MANUFACTURER, DOUBLE HEAD ANCHORS MAY BE USED FOR BOTH DIAGONAL AND VERTIGLTIEZOWN STRAP TENSIONING. TENSION THE DIAGONAL TISDOWN STRAP FIRST. FOLLOW STEPS 3 THROUGH TTO INSTALL STRAPS TO ANCHOR HEAD. Figure 61. Procedure for connecting the strap to frame and anchor i ' // Anchor head location. As the anchor is pulled up to meet the stabilizer plate, the head of the anchor will rise. In its final position, the bot- tom of the anchor head should be no more than 1/4 inch above the top of the stabilizer plate. Figure 62. Longitudinal frame anchor attachment method - MARRIAGE - WALL COLUMN BETWEEN BRACKET & PERIMETER 4" MIN. 318• /8' 1I` 1/2 i HOLE 5/8" it RIM JOIST AT LL MATING LINE MARRIAGE WA AT MARRIAGE LINE: ANGLE BRACKET TO BE OF 11 GA (MIN.) STEEL x 1-112• x 1-10 ANGLE MEMBER. AT SIDEWALL: ANGLE BRACKET TO BE OF 12 GA. (MIN.) STEEL x 1-1/2• x 1-117 ANGLE MEMBER. SLOT NOT REQUIRED. TIEDOWN STRAP MAY BE INSTALLED BETWEEN HORIZONTAL FLANGE OF ANGLE BRACKET AND FLOOR JOIST PERIMETER ANGLE BRACKET TIEDOWN 11Ap' VERTICAL TIEDOWN IUS ANCHOR 'C CLIP INSTALLER TO FABRICATE RADIUS CLIP BY PLACING STRAIGHT 3" LENGTH OF 1-114" x .035" TIE -DOWN STRAP IN ANCHOR SLOT AND PHYSICALLY BEND THE STRAP TO CONFIGURATION SHOWN ABOVE. RADIUS CLIP MUST BE INSTALLED ON ALL LONGITUDAL FRAME TIE -DOWN ANCHORS, MARRIAGEWALL VERTICAL TIE -DOWN ANCHORS AND SIDEWALL VERTICAL TIE -DOWN ANCHORS Figure 63. Sidewall and mar- riage line vertical tie down connections. - ANGLE BRACKET INSTALLED WITH T: FACING AWAY FROM OUTSIDE EDGE OF FLOOR SYSTEM 2" SIDEWALL TIEDOWN STRAPS 9MM x 3' OR 5/16" x 3' FULL THREAD LAGS THRU BRACKET INTO OUTER MOST RIM JOIST AT EXTERIOR WALLS. SIDEWALL LOCATION BRACKET WILL BE INSTALLED IN THE FACTORY. BP-10 VERTICAL TIEDOWN BRACKET o0O BRACKET Pr AGRICU o INSTALLED WITH II O (8) .131 x 1-1/2' _ NAILS. �0 '0 0 MASTERCRAFT 95705 TIEDOWN �i�-9.•.01 BRACKET (SIDEWALL TIEDOWN BRACKET ONLY) STEP 6. TIGHTEN AND ADJUST STRAPS After all anchors have been installed and pre -tensioned, recheck all anchor straps to assure that they are tight and that the anchor shafts have remained in contact with the stabilizer plates. Do not over tension straps. Connect Utilities This chapter contains procedures and requirements for the connection and testing of utility hook-ups. Responsibility for making utility connections varies by location. Consult the LAHJ and the utility before connecting the home to any utilities. STEP 1. CONNECT ELECTRICAL SERVICE The home is designed for connection to an electrical wiring system rated at 120/240 volt AC. Service connection requirements depend on whether the meter will be in- stalled on a post or pole or mounted on the home more than 6 feet from the circuit breaker panel. It is recommended that this connection be performed by a licensed elec- trician. METER MOUNTED ON POST OR POLE (OR MOUNTED ON THE HOME MORE THAN 6 FEET FROM THE CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL) Feeder Wire and Equipment Sizes The feeder must contain four continuous insulated, color -coded, feeder conductors, with one used as the equipment grounding conductor (Figure 64). The current rating (in amperes) of the home can be found on the tag located on the outside next to the feeder or service entrance, and on the electrical distribution panel. Using this infor- mation, determine the required feeder wire size from Table 26. These sizes are based on an ambient temperature of 86 degrees Fahrenheit and do not take voltage drop into consideration. Acceptable conductor types are: RHH, RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW2, THWN, THWN-2, XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, and USE-2. EQUIPMENT GROUND BUS BAR - BUS BAR METER BY UTILITY COMPANY BONDING STRAP NOT INSTALLED DISCONNECT _2'CONDUIT INSTALLED (FUSED) [ GROUNDING AT FACTORY LUG TO -J CHASSIS BLACK -'HOT' TO A OR B TO MAIN RED :HOT` TO A OR B PANEL EXTERIOR WHITE TO NEUTRAL BUS BAR WALLGRND TO EQUIPMENT GRND F_- METER METER ENCLOSURE 1/4"AIR SPACE BETWEEN METER ENCLOSURE AND EXTERIOR WALL SIDE VIEW MAIN PANEL OVERHEAD SERVICE ENTRY ENCLOSURE" 2'CONDUITTO SERVICE HEAD 2' CONDUIT GROUNDING ROD GROUNDING SCREW TO CONNECT NEUTRAL T9 GROUND METER BY UTILITY COMPANY DISCONNECT (FUSED) 2' N.M. CONDUIT UNDERGROUND TO MAIN SERVICE ENTRY PANEL TO GROUNDING ROD 95 Special precautions when installing electrical ser- vice. Installation of the electric power to the home can cause exposure to live electrical circuits. The neu- tral conductor must not be grounded in the distribution panel board. Exposure to live electrical circuits or im- proper grounding of the conductor in the panel board may result in severe shock or possible electro- cution. A qualified installer must make the connections for the electric power. Figure 64. Electrical feeder connection when meteris on a post or pole or mounted on the home more than 6 feet from the circuit breaker pan- el. 7AW - M-� - 4, Power supply. A large enough power supply must be available at the site. An inadequate power supply may result in improper op- eration of and possible damage to motors and ap- pliances. It may also in- crease electricity costs. TABLE 26. ELECTRICAL FEEDER WIRE AND EQUIPMENT SIZES FOR COP- 50 35 NA 1 44 AWG #8 AWG #10 AWG #8 . 100 e ` : 70 '10 x30 x 4. , � 1.714 ,R, ft4 AWG ,- , #4 AWG ' , ,i(18 125 88 10x10x4 1-1/4 #2AWG #3AWG #6AWG #8 p- 10 '; ` A05 il) k12 x d 14/2 Y"'#7 AWG ` ` #2AWG, '" tf6 AWG •� f18;..s 200 140 10 x16 x4 2 210 AWG 1/0 AWG #6 AWG #4 _;. 225. ,. ;158eg j0 x16 x 4 . ` 2, 3/D AWG , ;210 AWG, -',#4 400 280 10 x24 x 4 3 400 kcmil 300 kcmll #3 AWG 1/0 Grounding The home must be properly grounded to protect the occupants. The only safe and ap- proved method of grounding the home is through an electrically -isolated grounding bar in the home's distribution panel board. This grounds all non -current -carrying metal parts to the electrical system in the home at a single point. The ground conductor of the power supply feeder cable in turn connects the grounding bar to a good electrical ground back through the power supply system. Therefore, for 120/240 volt service a four wire power supply feeder cable is required. It is important to: • Isolate (insulate) grounded circuit conductor (neutral or white wire) from the grounding conductors (green wires) and from equipment enclosures and oth- ' - er grounded parts. • Isolate (insulate) the neutral circuit terminals in the distribution panel board and in ranges, clothes dryers, and counter -mounted cooking units from the equipment enclosure. Feeder Connections Feeder connections are made from above or from below the home as follows: From above —mast weatherhead feeder. The routing, connection, and sup- port of the service drop must meet local codes. Homes equipped this way - contain all necessary conduits to the electrical distribution panel. However, the four feeder conductors (not provided with the home) are installed on site. If the masthead Is located above the roof overhang, allow a minimum clear- ance of eight feet above all roof points that the conductors pass over. There are two exceptions to this rule: (1) The vertical clearance may be reduced to three feet if the roof has a minimum slope of 4 in 12; and (2) The vertical clearance may be reduced to 18 inches if no more than four feet of service - drop conductors pass above the roof overhang, and if they terminate at a through -the -roof raceway or approved support. A minimum clearance must also be provided from the final grade to the service -drop conductors. This measurement may vary from 10 feet to 18 feet, depending on the types of traffic anticipated below the service drop (refer to the NEC). Unless impracti- cal, locate service heads above the point of attachment of the service -drop conductors and make them rain -tight. If individual conductors do not extend downward, form drip loops. • From below —underside junction box feeder. A section of conduit is factory in- stalled through the floor cavity. Connect to that conduit with approved fittings and conduit (not provided with the home) to the point where the service en- trance cable enters the crawl space. Install properly -sized service entrance conductors from the main power supply to the panel board. Depending on the location of the main panelboard inside the home, or the point at which the Groundina the electrical electrical power until the grounding electrode is in- stalled and connected. When the meter base is not on the house never use the neutral conductor of the feeder cable as a ground wire. Do not ground the neutral bar in the electrical distribution panel. Prior to energizing the home, turn off the water heater un- til It is completely filled with water. service entrance conductors enter the crawl space, a separate service dis- connect may be required. Refer to Table26 for the conductor and junction, box requirements. The installer must provide the supply connection including the four feeder conductors, junction box and conduit connectors. Protect con- ductors emerging from the ground from a minimum of 18 inches below grade to eight feet above grade, or to the point of entrance do the home. The dis- tance measured from the top surface of a buried cable, conduit, or raceway to the finished grade must meet the minimum burial requirements outlined in the NEC. Use a moisture -proof bushing at the end of the conduit from which the buried cable emerges. METER MOUNTED ON HOME WITHIN 6 FEET OF CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL If the meter is mounted on the home, the following requirements apply (refer to Figure 65): • Use straps to support any conduit. Do not use the meter base equipment for support. • Use exterior equipment and enclosures listed as weatherproof and entrance conductors listed for wet locations. • The grounding bar may be installed separate from the neutral bar for purpos- es of testing the electrical system. • The grounding bar may be isolated during the electrical check and re- attached, after the tests are completed. • Check with the local electrical utility to verify meter base requirements and lo- cations and distances for the main panel and meter box. • The field installed meter base enclosure must be installed in accordance with its listing. Fasten securely to exterior wall studs and provide for a weather tight seal. • All field work must be done by a licensed electrician or other person approved by the LAHJ. • Check the local code for any requirements regarding the location of the meter base. Note that bonding, screws, straps, or buses in the distribution panel board or in appli- ances have been removed and discarded at the manufacturing facility. EQUIPMENT N PANEL OVERHEAD SER GROUND ENCLOSURE BUS BAR NEUTRAL METER BY BUS BAR UTILITY COMPANY —BONDING STRAP NOT INSTALLED GROUNDING 2' CONDUITINSTALLED LUG TO AT FACTORY CHASSIS --TO MAIN TO GROUNDING BLACK -'HOT TO A OR B PANEL ROD RED =HOT'TOAORB WHITE TO NEUTRAL BUS BAR EXTERIOR WALL— SERVICE HEAD COA .M. CONDUIT DERGROUND RVICE ENTRY TO MAIN PANEL L�:G7Ub9r1:7� 1t4' AIR SPACE BETWEEN METER ENCLOSURE AND EXTERIOR WALL SIDE VIEW 1�./✓✓.Karwnae7 97 Figure 65. Meterbase wiring when the meter is on the home within 6 feet of Circuit Breaker Panel. When a factory installed service meter base is provided on a home, a grounding elec- trode conductor and a ground wire must be installed according to the following specifi- cations: by the manufacturer. If manufacturer provides a minimum 112 inch EMT orconui recew: minimum bare copper wire is provided by the retailer for Installation. 2. The clamp connecting the grounding. wire to the electrode shall be suitable for direct burial and located flush or below ground level. 3. Use a 5/8 inch diameter by eight foot long iron electrode for grounding. Larger sizes may be required by LAHJ. 4. Drive the electrode to a depth of not less than eight feet so that at least eight feet of the electrode is in contact with the soil. 5. When rock is encountered, the electrode maybe driven at an angle not to ex- ceed 45 degrees from vertical or buried in a trench that is at least 2-1/2 feet deep. TESTING After your home has been completely assembled and all accessories installed, it should be tested to ensure that no damage occurred during transit and that all electrical con- nections were property performed (TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM pg. 111). These tests should be performed by qualified personnel familiar with the local codes and required test procedures. STEP 2. CONNECT WATER SERVICE CONNECTION To connect the home's water system to the water source, identify the water inlet locat- ed under the home (usually below the water heater compartment or utility room) and follow the procedure described below (refer to Figure 66): 1. Flush pipe. Flush field installed water piping free of all debris prior to connec- tion to the home's water inlet. 2. Clean threads. Ensure that pipe threads are clean. 3. Install pressure -reducing valve. If the local water supply exceeds 80 psi in- stall a pressure -reducing valve. 4. Connect valve. Install a main shut-off valve between the water supply source and the home in an accessible location underneath or adjacent to the home. Select a full flow gate or ball shutoff valve, or equivalent valve. To prevent the possibility of fresh water contamination, install an anti -siphon valve on all field installed exterior faucets. FACTORY INSTALLED WATER PIPE OPTIONAL HOSE BIB (NOT SUPPLIED) --\ LOCATE WATER RISER UNDERNEATH OR ADJACENT TO HOME — CONNECTION (NOT SUPPLIED) MANDATORY SHUT-OFF VALVE (NOT SUPPLIED) Maximum water pressure. The water system for the home was designed for a maximum inlet pressure of 80 psi. Figure 66. Water system connection 5. Install water heater discharge drain. Inspect the drain opening on the water heater to ensure that it is clear of any obstruction. Drain pipe cannot connect with the DWV line. @using Install water heater drip pan and drain. Assure that the drain for the water check heater drip pan does not terminate under the home. Using the materials pro- valves. Verify that a check vided and the accompanying instructions run a drain line from the water heat- valve has been installed on er drip pan through the wall or floor to the exterior of the crawl space. Termi- the water inlet to prevent nate the line between six and 24 inches -above grade. (Figure 67). Make the water system drainage in -the termination point rodent proof. - event of -a loss of -water - pressure from the source. Such pressure loss could cause the water heater to drain, exposing the heating • elements of electric water heaters causing them to fail. Figure67. Water heater drip / I pan and drain TIP RELIEF LINE DRAIN PAN WATER SITE INSTALL D HEATER ELBOW FITTING 8, PIPE. SLOPE AT LEAST 714' PER FOOT TOWARDS WATER HEATER DRAIN PAN DRAIN LINES MUST TERMINATE OUTSIDE THE HOME. 8' MIN. & RODENT SCREEN MUST BE INSTALLED 24' MAX AT THE END OF THE DRAIN PAN DRAIN FROM FINISH LINE THE TEMPERATURE AND GRADE (TYPICAL) PRESSURE RELIEF LINE SHALL NOT BE CONNECTED TO THE DRAIN PAN DRAIN LINE AND MAY DISCHARGE BENEATH THE HOME. 6. Insulate. In areas subject to freezing temperatures, protect with insulation or heat tape pipes, valves and pressure reducers that are exposed to the outdoors, and pipes in water heater compartments with non -Insulated doors. Connect heat tape to the electrical outlet under the home near the water supply inlet. Heat Selecting heat tape. Use g p tape must not be Installed on the DWV pipe. Electrical outlet provided under the only pipe heating cable home must only be used for the heat tape connection because it is GFCI pro- (tape) listed for manufac- tected. tured homes, and install it in accordance with the ca- TESTING ble (tape) manufacturer in - After connecting the water lines check the water system.for leaks using one of the pro- stallation instructions. cedures described below. Before testing, close all water faucets, spigots, and toilet- Testing water lines. Only tank float valves. use pneumatic (air) testing Hydrostatic (preferred): when hydrostatic testing is f. Bypass water heater. Bypass the water heater by disconnecting the hot outlet not practical. Air under pressure is explosive. Ex - and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. This ercise extreme caution and will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the notify all site personnel of test from possible injury. the test. Wear protective 2. Pressurize system. Connect hydrostatic pump, valve and gauge. Pressurize eyewear and take precau- the system with water at 100 psi,and then isolate it from the pressure source. tions to prevent impact Bleed all air from the highest and farthest points in the system. damage to the system 3. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 15 minutes. while the test is in progress. Do not pneumatically test —4—FixJeaks. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate and correct any leaks by CPVC systems. Pneumati- cutting out and discarding bad pipe sec ions or jotrlls-andinstalling-new pipe or or-Flly r — Dints with couplings.syste 1systems Ares- only at low pres- at to 5. Repeat. Repeat the test until all leaks have been eliminated. sure levels (20 psi or less). 6. Restore connections. Reconnect the water heater and the water supply. Pressurizing water lines. When pressurizing the wa- ter system, connect the Pneumatic: pump to a location above a 1. Bypass water heater. Bypass the water heater by disconnecting the hot outlet closed shut-off valve so as not to introduce pressure and cold inlet water lines from the water heater and joining them together. This the municipal water will protect the hot water tank from damage and protect those involved in the sp u supply. test from possible injury. 2. Pressurize system. Conned an air pump and pressure gauge to the water in- isolate the from the let, pressurize the system to 100 psi and pressure source system. i bir, / 3. Hold pressure. Monitor the pressure for least 15 minutes. If the pressure drops below 100 psi, locate any leaks by applying soapy water to the connections and Anti -Scald Valves. Anti - looking for bubbles. Scald valves have been in- 4. Fix leaks. Correct any leaks by cutting out and discarding bad pipe sections or stalled on all tubs, joints and installing new pipe orjoints with couplings. tub/showers and showers in 5. Retest. Repeat the procedure until all leaks have been eliminated. the home. The valves are preset by the valve manufac- 6. Restore connections. Reconnect the water heater and the water supply. turer to about 105°F (41 °C). After the water lines have FREEZE PROTECTION FOR UNOCCUPIED HOMES been flushed, the outlet tem- If the home is to be left unheated in cold weather. Protect water lines from freezing as perature at each tub, follows: tub/shower and shower must 1. Disconnect supply. Turn off the water supply and disconnect the water supply be tested to ensure that it does not exceed 120°F inlet. . Water should rune 2. off the water heater; if necessary, attach a hose to the Drain water heater. Turnoff at least one minute on thh e leas valve to direct water away from under the home, open the drain valve and drain hottest setting before taking the tank completely P Y the temperature reading. 3. Drain faucets. Open all faucets throughout the home (including the laundry ar- Some customer's may desire ea if plumbed, and any exterior faucets) and let them drain completely. temperatures higher than 4. Drain toilets. Flush toilets and drain water tanks completely. 105°F (41 "C). Temperature 5. Close faucets. Close all water faucets with the exception of one. may be adjusted using the instmctions provided with the 6. Connect compressor. Connect a maximum of 30 psi air supply to the water in- valve. In no case should the let connection using a low pressure compressor. temperature exceed 120°F 7. Open faucets. With the air supply on the system, open one faucet at a time (49°C) as this may result in throughout the home. serious bodily harm and/or 8. Disconnect compressor. After the entire system has been drained of all water, death. disconnect the air supply and close the water inlet valve. 9. Pour anti -freeze. Pour an RV antifreeze solution into all drain traps, including sinks, tubs and toilets. Be sure that the antifreeze is safe for the fixtures and P- traps. STEP 3. CONNECT GAS SERVICE CONNECTION If the home uses natural or liquid petroleum gas (LPG, also known as propane) for wa- ter or space heating, cooking or other appliances, follow the procedure described be- Installing gas lines. Only low: qualified professionals may 1. Inspect vents. Assure that all exhaust vents on gas -fired equipment are se- connect and test gas ser- curely connected and that roof jacks and stacks have not come loose during vice. transit and they are property installed. 2. Review appliance instructions. Review each appliance manufacturers in- structions before the home is connected to the gas supply. Most gas appli- ances are typically configured to operate on natural gas. If the gas supply will be LPG, consult the appliance manufacturers instructions to determine what changes need to be made. For homes located above 3,000 feet, appliances may require a different orifice. 3. Remove cap. Remove the protective cap from home inlet pipe and install a full Flow shut-off valve at the supply inlet (Figure 68). 4. Install regulator. The gas piping system is designed for a pressure that is at least seven inches of water column (4 oz. per sq in or 0.25 psi) but not more than 14 inches of water column (8 oz. per sq in or 0.5 psi). If gas from any supply source exceeds, or could exceed this pressure, install a regulator if re- quired by the LAHJ. 5. Connect supply. Using matching threaded fittings connect the gas supply to the inlet side of the shut-off valve. 6. Close valves. Close all valves at appliances prior to opening the main supply valve. Figure 68. Gas service con - FULL FLOW SHUTOFF nection VALVE REQUIRED FLOOR (SUPPLIED BY OTHERS DUST COVER UNION (SUPPLIED SOURCE BY OTHERS) OF GAS TESTING Test the gas piping system in the following two ways: 1) piping only and 2) entire sys- tem. Consult with the LAHJ for any additional testing or start-up requirements. Before testing begins, the temperature of the ambient air and the piping should be ap- proximately the same. Conduct the tests when and where air temperatures will remain constant. Piping only test (all appliances isolated) 1. Isolate appliances. Isolate all appliances from the system by closing all ap- pliance shut-off valves. 2. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a mercury manometer or slope gauge calibrated in increments of not more than 1i10 lb. 3. Pressurize system. Using an air compressor, pressurize the system with compressed air to three psi and isolate the pressure source from the system. 4. Monitor pressure. Monitor the pressure for at least 10 minutes. 5. Check for leaks. If pressure drops below three psi, check for leaks by apply- ing a non -corrosive, ammonia -free gas leak detection fluid to the joints at all valves, appliance connections and crossover connections (do not use dish washing detergents, soap or other household chemicals). If bubbles form, tighten the connection and recheck. 6. Repair leaks. If leaks persist, replace defective pipes or fittings with sound material and retest. 7. Release pressure. Release pressure and open all appliance shut-off valves. 8. Rinse connections. Thoroughly rinse all tested connections with water to remove leak detection fluid. Entire system test (with appliances) 1. Close appliances. Close all gas equipment controls and pilot light valves ac- cording to the individual gas equipment manufacturer's instructions. 2. Open valves. Assure that gas shut-off valves for all gas equipment are in the open position. 3. Attach gauge. Attach to the home's gas inlet a pressure gauge calibrated in ounces. 4. Pressurize system. Pressurize the system with compressed air to six to eight I ounces (3/8 to 1/2 psi, or 10 to 14 inches of water column). 5. Check for leaks. Check for leaks as described above in step 5 of the Piping only test. Replace defective pipes or fittings with sound material and re -test. 6. R nse connec is ns.—rhoroughlyTinseall tested:connections- with -water-to remove leak detection fluid. GAS APPLIANCE START-UP Open the shut-off valve for each appliance and adjust the burners according to the ap- pliance manufacturers instructions. Verify that the furnace and water healer thermo- stats are operating properly and set them to the desired temperatures. STEP 4. CONNECT OIL SERVICE Homes that are equipped with oil burning furnaces must have oil supply piping installed and tested on site by a qualified professional in accordance with NFPA 31. Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 or the requirements of the LAHJ, whichever is more stringent. The home manufacturer does not supply oil piping or tanks. OIL CONNECTION Consult the furnace manufacturers instructions for proper pipe sizing and installation procedures. Where piping is run through the bottom of the home, ensure all holes in the bottom board are sealed tight with foam, mastic, and/or tape specially made for that purpose and made rodent proof. When equipping the home with an oil storage tank, comply with the following: • Install the pipe with a gradual slope toward the fill end or drain plug (if so equipped) to facilitate pumping or draining of water and sludge. • Provide a readily accessible approved manual shut-off valve at the outlet, in- stalled to close against the supply. • Equip the tank with an approved oil filter or strainer located downstream from the tank shutoff valve. Use a filter or strainer containing a sump with a drain to trap water. _ .. • Equip under ground tanks with a filler neck extending one foot above grade and a minimum 1-1/4 inch diameter vent pipe extending at least two feet above grade. • Locate the tank to be accessible for service and inspection, and safe from fire and other hazards. ' • If the tank is located inside a compartment of the home, provide ventilation at the bottom of the compartment to permit diffusion of vapors. If the tank is fixed to the home, provide for filling and draining from the outside. • Insulate interior tanks from the structural members of the home. Provide tanks so installed with an outside fill and vent pipe and an approved liquid level gauge. • Install tanks that feed vaporizing type oil furnaces so that oil flows by gravity. To achieve efficient gravity flow, make sure that the bottom of the tank is at least 18 inches above the furnace oil control level. • Tanks for gun type oil furnaces (these furnaces include a fuel pump) may be installed above or below ground. OIL SYSTEM TESTING Before operating the system, fill the tank to rapacity with the fuel to be burned and vis- ually check all joints in the system for leakage. Replace (do not repair) parts that leak. fi[1Y0A Fill gas water heaters. Be- fore lighting the pilot on a gas powered water heater, fill the tank with water. Fail- ure to do so could damage the water heater. Testing oil tanks. All oil storage tank and piping in- stallations and tests must meet all applicable local reg- ulations and should be made only by experienced, quali- fied personnel. Prepare Appliances and Equipment This chapter provides instructions for installing and/or preparingappliances and other equipment. While the items below can be completed in any order, the last item, TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, must be done last. INSTALL AIR CONDITIONER OR HEAT PUMP (if applicable) CENTRAL UNITS i ZA Install split system or unitary central air conditioners and/or heat pumps as follows: 1 , 1. Check suitability. Check the home's Comfort Cooling Certificate (may be in- Use listed appliances. All cluded with the data plate) to confirm that the home is suitable for installation of applicable appliances must central air. If so, note the air distribution system's rated duct capacity (BTU/hr), be listed or certified by a any equipment sizing guidance provided by the manufacturer and information nationally recognized test - provided to calculate the home's heat gain. ing agency for the applica- 2. Select equipment. Select equipment with a rated heating capacity (BTU/hr) not tion for which the unit is in - exceeding the maximum indicated on the home's data plate and a rated cooling tended and installed in ac- capacity sized in accordance with Chapter 28 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of cordance with the terms of Fundamentals or ACCA Manual J, Residential Cooling Load, 8thedition. Informa- its listing or certification. tion necessary to calculate the heat gain of the home is located on the Data Plate. Properly sizing equipment. - Sizing recommendations may also be obtained by utilizing the Manufactured Oversized cooling equip. Housing Research Alliance Cooling Equipment Sizing Guidelines available at ment can lower energy ef- www.mhrahome.ora (Located in Appendix B). Choose equipment with a mini- ficiency, reduce comfort, mum circuit amperage (found on the equipment rating plate) no greater than the shorten equipment life and branch circuit rating of the exterior air conditioning receptacle (indicated on the may cause moisture prob- adjacent tag), if present. lems in the home (includ- 3. Install A -coil. When installing a cooling A -coil in a down -flow furnace that incor- ing potentially damaging porates a fresh air intake duct, position the duct in the furnace cavity according to the home's structure). Siz- the furnace manufacturer's instructions (Figure 69). For electric down -flow fur- ing guidance is provided by naces, frim the whole house ventilation duct as needed to allow installation of the the Manufactured Housing A -coil and secure the duct to the wall of the compartment or to the top of the A- Research Alliance Cooling coil. Do not restrict the flex duct opening, allow the duct insulation to contact the Equipment Sizing Guide - A -coil, or allow the duct to become kinked, restricted or configured to form a trap. lines available at www.mhrahome.oro. ibk) 'WHOLE 'WHOLE HOUSE' HOUSE'S VENTILATION VENTILATION FLEX DUCT ALOIL FLEX DUCT FURNACE I CABINET I FURNACE I I CABINET I I FURNACE 4. Connect to Power. Conned cooling equipment to the power supply in accord- ance with all manufacturers instructions and local codes. 5. Direct Runoff. Direct condensate runoff from cooling equipment away from the home and so that it does not collect under the home. PREPARE HEATING SYSTEM , If the home does not contain a factory installed heating appliance, install a remote heating appliance according to INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT, p. 104. Prepare fuel -burning heating systemsincluded with the home as follows: 1. Inspect for damage. Inspect the furnace and report any damage to the home manufacturer. 2. High altitude. If the home is located more than 2,000 feet above sea level or as indicated in the furnace manufacturers instructions, derate gas furnaces 4% for each 1,000 feet above sea level. This work must be done by a qualified (and in some jurisdictions, licensed) technician. 3. Convert for LP gas. If LP gas (propane) will be used, convert the appliance from natural gas to LP gas use. Conversion must be made by a qualified and (if re- quired by the LAHJ) licensed technician. 4. Install intake air pipe. Consult the appliance manufacturers instructions for max- imum allowable pipe run length, requirements for air dampers, locations relative to expected snow levels (check with the LAHJ for expected snow levels), acceptable materials, pipe supports, and pipe termination requirements. 5. Install flue. For combustion appliances, install the flue roof cap and stack as- sembly as described in the manufacturers installation instructions. INSTALL REMOTE HEATING AND COOLING EQUIPMENT Install remote units in compliance with all heating and cooling equipment requirements, in this chapter above and the following: 1. Locate connections to the home. Find the manufacturer -installed connectors, labels or tags under the home indicating the required connection points for supply and return air. If connectors are not provided nor location indicated, select a sup- ply duct location such that there are approximately equal numbers of supply regis- ters forward and rear of the connection point. It Is recommended that the exterior heating and/or cooling equipment be centrally located on the back side of the home. 2. Install ducts. Install the appropriate supply and return ducts (not provided) be- tween the remote unit and the home (Figure 71), making connections according to the instructions for crossover ducts in Connect Crossovers (p. 61). 3. Install dampers. If installing a remote cooling unit in a home with a factory in- stalled fumace, install dampers between the furnace and the home's air duct sys- tem, and between the remote unit and the home's air duct system to prevent warm air in heating mode from escaping to the remote cooling unit and vice versa. 4. Connect wiring. Install a thermostat containing a fan switch. Connect utilities in accordance with all manufacturers instructions and local codes. Wiring shall be Figure 69. Whole house ventilation flex duct in an electric down -flow furnace. From left to tight: as pre- pared in the factory,, prope proper installation with A -coil Selecting A -coils. Use only A -coil units compatible and listed for use with the fur- nace in the home and in- stalled in accordance with the furnace manufacturer's instructions. Installing flue stacks with a hinged roof. If flue stack components are installed above the finish roof line (as is often the case with hinged roofs), an Altema- tive Construction letter is normally required along With a follow-up inspection. Contact the factory for guidance. Venting appliances to the outside. Vent to the exte- rior of the home all com- bustion appliances except ranges and ovens. Selecting ducts. Exterior ductwork for remote units must be provided by the installer or HVAC contrac- tor. Ducts must be ap- proved for exterior installa- tion and should be wrapped with insulation of at least R-8 under a vapor barrier with a perm rating of not greater than one. (For ENERGY STAR homes, the R-value must be at least that specified on the manufacturers EN- ERGY STAR Site Installa- tion Checklist— a minimum of R-8.) per the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer. 5. Seal penetrations. Repair or replace all floor insulation disturbed during the duct installation and seal holes in the bottom board using foam, mastic or tape special- ly made for that purpose. AIRCONDmONING Figure 71. Ducts connecting MARRIAGE SUPPLY RETURN EnuIPMENT exterior heating and/or cool - Ing equipmentDUCT t0 the home ]UCT LINE DUCT SUPPORT SUPPORTBLOCK M SiPSAT INIMUMCLEARANCE Compressed Duct. Support 48'IN. O.C. BETWEEN DUCTS AND MINIMUM the re- ss- GROUNDTOBE4IN. the i slatiwithout and ing the insulation and re- stricting airflow. PREPARE WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEM Prepare the whole -house ventilation system according to the ventilation system manufac- turers instructions. Confirm that any fresh air intake ducts extend to the exterior and do not draw air from the crawlspace under the home. Do not allow any fresh air ventilation intake ducts to become kinked or restricted, forming a trap. PREPARE CLOTHES DRYER DRYER VENTS If the home includes a clothes dryer, the components for ventilating the dryer are included with the home (but not necessarily installed) and a vent opening has been roughed in ei- ther in the wall or floor. (If a dryer is not installed, seal all dryer vent openings). Run the dryer vent to the outside through the exterior wall or through the floor to a point beyond the perimeter of the home, using materials approved by the clothes dryer manufac- turer (see Figure 72). EXTERIOR CLAMP TO WALL DRYER CLAMP CONNECTION TO VENT SEAL CAP BOTTOM DRYER BOARD VENT SUPPORTSTRAP CAP RIGID OR FLEX DUCT WOOD FRAME SECURED TO BOTTOM OF RIMPLATE OR INSTALL THROUGH SKIRTING VENT BELOW FLOOR Install the vent as follows: CLAMP RIGID OR TO VENT FLEX DUCT CAP CLAMP TO DRYER CONNECTION VENT THROUGH EXTERIOR WALL 1. Remove temporary caps. Remove any temporary seals and duct caps from the vent rough openings. 2. Install ductwork. Install ductwork using clamps (do not use screws or other fas- teners that penetrate into the duct) and support the duct with metal straps con- nected to the floor joists or chassis at two feet D.C. or less. Ensure duct connec- tions are internally overlapped to prevent inhibiting the flow of air and thereby causing lint accumulation. For Choosing pipe lengths. The appliance manufactur- er may designate the length of the pipe run - based on the pipe diameter and the number of turns in the pipe run. Venting exhaust systems. Exhaust vents must extend to the home's exterior through skirting. Termina- tion of the dryer exhaust underneath the home can cause condensation and moisture damage to the home. Lint and dust accu- mulation can ignite, caus- ing a fire. Figure 72. Clothes dryer ventilation ductwork through floor (left) or exterior wall (right) Avoid damaging structural elements. Do not cut or otherwise damage struc- tural elements such as floor joists or wall studs for the installation of the dryer exhaust system. r 8 9 G - 3. Install cap and damper. Install an approved dryer vent cap with damper on the extedar.termination of the duct. If the vent terminates at skirting, secure the cap to — — _ framing or "skirting with sheet metal screws and seal edges with caulk or sealant. cap'around the opening and secure with sheet metal screws to metal, hardboard or fiber cement siding or with wood screws to amount block for vinyl siding. I - 4. Seal opening. Seal openings Inside and outside of the home including at the 1 floor,"interior walls, siding and skirting (with caulk) and at the bottom board using - foam, mastic and/or tape specially made for that purpose. - GAS DRYERS- - : �- -- If the home was not fitted for a. gas dryer,.installing one requires substantial alteration to -the home. Gas supplypiping and adequate venting must be provided as specified by the - - dryer maridad`urer--and installed by a trained professional; Do not cut major structural ele- ments to accommodate.a gas dryer. _ PREPARE -SMOKE ALARMS _ _"THe home has several factory installed smoke alarms that are wired to a 120 volt circuit. If -- ' the home was designed for placement on a basement, an additional alarm is provided for insfallation at a pre -wired location under the home. Connect the basement smoke alarm —and test all.alerrns as follows: _ 71. Check circuit. Ensure that the batteries are installed and the electrical power to the Nome is activated and that the smoke alarm circuit is on. -2. - Test alarms. Press the "test" button on the alarm and hold for 5 seconds (or until the alarm sounds). When the alarm begins to sound, release and confirm that each alarm in the home is sounding. Replace (with the same brand as those in- stalled elsewhere in the home) any alarms that do not sound and retest. 3. Disconnect AC. With the AC current disconnected and batteries installed, test for -DC operation following the same procedure as shown in step 1. Both steps.l and -2_above must be conducted on each alarm installed in the home. If any I - .alarm fails tc sound during the test, turn off the power at the main panel box and check the wiring. Make any necessary repairs and conduct a complete. re -test. Repeat if necessary -- - - `_ until alf alarms are -functioning properly. - - - i 106 Gas. Ventilation compo- nents that may be included with the home for an eleo- —tric-dryer-may-notbe ac- ceptable for gas dryers. Consult the gas dryer manufacturer instructions. @Installing ducts. Keep ductwork straight and smooth as possible without excess slack. Slope it slightly downward towards the exterior to facilitate moisture drainage. PREPARE FIREPLACES Install chimneys, chimney flashing and roofing, fireplace combustion air inlets and hearths according to the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described below. CHIMNEYS Fireplace and wood stoves may require on -site installation of additional sections of ap- proved chimney pipe, a spark arrestor and a rain cap assembly. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and the procedures described below: 1. Remove coverings. Remove protective materials covering the roof flashing and any foreign material from the installed part of the chimney. 2. Install chimney pipe. Assemble and seal the chimney per the fireplace or wood stove manufacturer's installation instructions and if there is a conflict between the instructions and the figure, follow the instructions. To assure sufficient draft for proper operation, extend the chimney at least three feet above the highest point where it penetrates the roof and at least two feet higher than any surface within 10 feet of the chimney (Figure 73). Use additional section(s) of chimney pipe (not provided) if required by local code or if the site has obstructions within 10 feet of the chimney. Fireplaces and wood stoves not provided by the home manufacturer, including chimneys and air inlets for fireplaces and wood stoves must be listed for use with manufactured homes and must be installed in accordance with their listings. ROOFTOP Figure 73. Chimney and ASSEMBLY RAIN CAP combustion air intake duct r SPARK ARRESTOR I installation CHIMNEY CAP ADAPTOR 3'-0' DOUBLE WALL PIPE ROOF � MIN. STORM COLLAR i ®� HEIGHT FLASHING FIRESTOP THIMBLE Selecting the appropriate flue. Wood fireplaces use larger diameter flues than gas fireplaces. Make sure DAMPER flue matches the appliance HANDLE type. Gas fireplaces cannot bum wood because the ,CLOSEDOPEN flue is too small and smoke will back up into the home. AJR INLET DAMPER AIR INTAKE FROM OUTSIDE AIR INLET Figure 74. Chimney clear- ance 3. Install shingles. Install shingles up to the edge of the flue cut-out in the roof deck. Secure shingles installed under the roof flashing with asphalt cement. 4. Install flashing. Place flashing over pipe section and shingles and set in asphalt cement. Secure flashing to roof deck at top two comers with roofing nails. courses to fit around the pipe and embed them in asphalt cement where they ove ap a as mg: S€cure-shingler with roofing nails through flashing and apply asphalt cement over nail heads. The completed installation should appear as shown in Figure 75, with the lower part of the flange overlapping the lower shingles and the side and upper shingles over- lapping the flange. ROOF SHINGLES PUSH DOWN FLANGE STORM UPPER AND SIDE COLLAR CAULKING SHINGLES OVERLAP FLANGE AND ARE SET IN ASPHALT CEMENT FLANGE FLASHING FLUE PIPE LOWER PART OF FLANGE OVERLAPS LOWER SHINGLE COMBUSTION AIR INLETS Combustion air inlets provide combustion air through the floor or an exterior wall to a com- bustion appliance. If installed through an exterior wall, no further site installation is re- quired. If through the floor, extend the duct from its point just below the floor to the outside. Locate the outside air inlet above expected snow levels (contact the LAHJ for snow levels). Follow the fireplace manufacturers instructions (typically in the fireplace/stove or with the chimney parts). PREPARE KITCHEN AND BATH APPLIANCES / FIXTURES Install kitchen and bath appliances according to the manufacturers instructions and the procedures described for each appliance below. COOKING APPLIANCES If the home is provided with a range, cook top and/or grill containing its own exhaust sys- tem that penetrates the floor, complete the exhaust system as follows: 1. Remove covers. Remove the cover on the factory installed exhaust pipe protrud- ing from beneath the floor near the appliance. 2. Install termination fitting. Secure the provided termination fitting at the outside edge of the floor. 3. Install duct. Use the provided flexible metallic duct to connect the elbow protrud- ing from the floor and the termination fitting. Refer to the manufacturers installa- tion instructions for guidance on supporting the duct and making the connections. SITE -INSTALLED GAS APPLIANCES Install only appliances with a Btu capacity equivalent to or less than the capacity of the fac- tory -installed piping and at the location of a factory -installed gas riser. REFRIGERATOR Prepare the refrigerator as follows: • Remove straps, blocks or other securement devices used for shipping and patch any resulting marks on floors or walls. • If the refrigerator has an icemaker, check water lines for leaks upon installation and a few days later to make sure no leaks have developed. Figure 75. Roof flashing and shingle installation around chimney V&F ®� Installing exhaust ducts. Route exhaust ducts so they do not terminate be- neath the home. SITE -INSTALLED APPLIANCES AND FIXTURES If sinks, tubs, showers or other fixtures or appliances are to be site -installed, follow the manufacturers installation instructions. Use only products listed for use in manufactured homes and follow all applicable local codes. INSTALL EXTERIOR LIGHTING Install exterior lighting according to Figure 76 and the following: ® / 1. Remove cover. Remove the screws and cover from electrical junction box. d 2. Install flash ring. Place the non-combustible flash ring over the junction box. Lighting installation. A 3. Connect wires. Conned fixture wires to house wires in the box, black to black, qualified electrician should white to white and equipment ground to equipment ground, using listed wire con- install lighting. Before con- nectors. Push wires into the box. necting lighting, disconnect 4. Connect fixtures. Connect the fixture to the junction box or strap using screws. power to the lighting circuit. - provided with the light fixture. Ground all exterior light fix- tures. 5. Weatherproof. Weatherproof/caulk around the base of the fixture, leaving a small Using a non-combustible gap in the caulking on the bottom to permit drainage of water that may accumu- ring. Install a non - late. combustible ring complete- 6. Complete installation. Install bulb and globe on the fixture and verify proper op- ly covering any combusti- eration. ble surfaces the fixtures may be mounted on (e.g. . hard -board, clad wood and vinyl siding), or when ceil- ing material is exposed be- tween the light fixture ca- nopy and the junction box. WIRE FROM SWITCH Figure 76. Extenorlighting NON-COMBUSTIBLE RING WIRENUT WIREFRO WIRE NUT (IF REQUIRED) SWITCH (TYPICAL) connection (TYPICAL) FIXTURE CANOPY II C N HI C II i Installing ceiling fans. A qualified electrician should GLOBE PIGTAIL FOR install lighting and fans. JUNCTION GROUND BOX Before connecting the ceil- CONTINUnY WIRE TO Ing fan or light, disconnect OTHER power to the fan wires. Any FIXTURE unit installed outside of the home (such as in a porch INSTALL CEILING FANS/LIGHTS ceiling) shall be listed for Install ceiling fans no closer than 36 inches, measured from the tip of the fan blade to the wet locations. nearest side of the smoke alarm and with the trailing edges of the blades at least six feet - four inches above the finished floor. Comply with all unit manufacturers instructions and the requirements below. CEILING FAN/LIGHT MOUNTED TO FACTORY INSTALLED ELECTRICAL BOX IN CEILING Before installing the unit, make sure that adequate structural bracing is present in the ceil- ing. If uncertain, check with the manufacturer. Follow the fan or light manufacturers in- structions to connect the unit and complete the wiring. If the instructions are not available, connect the wiring as shown in Figure 77. GROUND WIRE ( Figure 17. Wiring for a ceil- ing Fan or chain -hung light COLOR fixture with a maximum weight of 35lbs CELENG BBOX n NUT —/// 11 STRAPEI �umu ry vn SCREW NONCOMBUSTIBLE RING (IF REQUIRED) CHAIN CEILING FANLIGHT MOUNTED ON SITE -INSTALLED DECORATIVE BEAM Where the electrical box will be mounted in a site -installed decorative center beam at- '- tached to the ridge beam, conned the fixture as follows (see Figure 78): 1 . 1. Cut hole. If the decorative beam (shipped loose) does not contain aprecut hole Choosing ceiling fan junc- for the electrical box, cut a hole with a diameter approximately 1/4 inch larger than tion boxes. Connect eeil- the bo)es using a hole saw. Align the hole with the supply wire location and center ing fans only to junction on the beam. - boxes listed and marked 2. Install box. Install the box in the hole and secure the flange (plastic boxes only) for ceiling fan application in accordance with Article to the decorative beam with four #6 x 1° screws. 314.27(b) of 2005.NEC. 3. Insert wire. Insert the ceiling wire through a knock out hole in the side of the elee- Always ground'metal june- trical box. It may be necessary to cut a notch in the top of the decorative beam - lion boxes. (on the supply wire side of the center beam hole) allowing the supply wire to be Selecting fan weight. Do inserted into the electrical box without binding against the beam during installa- not use any ceiling fans or tion. Leave approximately four inches of wire free in the box. light fixtures that 4. Attach beam. Secure the decorative beam in place over the center line joint, ofexce the of the box checking that the supply Wire is not pinched or penetrated by beam fasteners. Se- lbs unlht ssng Ids unless otherwise cure the electrical box to the ridge beam with #8 x 2 1/2' wood screws through the. 9 g not noted).' two holes in the top of the box. Grounding electrical de- 5. Strip wires. Strip about 314 inch of insulation from the white and black conductor vices. Ground fans/lights ends of the supply wire. using a fixture -grounding 6. Position ring. Position the non-combustible flash ring (provided) over the else- device or a fixture- . . tdoal box so that the finished surface (adjacent to electrical box), which is to be grounding Wire as specified covered by the fan canopy, is not exposed, in the manufacturer's in- 7. Install and wire unit. Follow the unit manufacturers installation instructions for structions. mounting the fanlight assembly to the box and for electrical wiring. Use provided electrical connectors for splicing Wire. - Figure 78. Ceiling far✓llght mounted to flush ridge beam SUPPLY WIRE AND SECURE[ BEAM HOLE FOR BOX CUT THROUGH 2X6 (MAY BE CUT IN PLANT OR IN FIELD) BOX BOX TEST ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - After completion of all electrical wiring and connections, including crossovers, appliances, - lights, and ceiling fans, inspect and test the electrical system as follows:- 1. Fill water heater. Fill water heater before turning on power to the home or switch-- ing on the circuit breaker. ..- 2. Test continuity. Before turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct an electrical continuity test to ensure that exposed metallic parts of the home and the chassis are effectively bonded. 3. Test operation. After turning on the electrical power to the home; conduct opera- tional tests of all devices to demonstrate that they are connected and in working. order. - 4. Test polarity. After turning on the electrical power to the home, conduct electrical polarity checks to determine that connections of electrical equipment installed or completed during Installation have been made properly. Visual verification is an_ - acceptable electrical polarity check for these on -site connections. —.... __.._.... —-...__.._......... _.... _.............. .... .................. 111 Complete Exterior Work board, installing the ground cover and skirting, preparing wind protection shutters and STEP 1. REPAIR AND SEAL BOTTOM BOARD Tears and openings in the bottom board can result from transportation or installation activities. Inspect for holes and gaps in the entire bottom board, especially areas around service penetrations, crossover connections, pipe and duct hangers, foundation elements and the perimeter of the floor. Using approved materials appropriate for the type of repair, repair the bottom board wherever tom or loosened as follows: 1. -Insulate. Replace any missing insulation prior to closure and repair of the bot- tom board, paying particular attention to insulation gaps that may have been created at P-traps. 2. Repair large openings. Repair large openings with a durable patch made of bottom board fabric or other compatible material and fastened with vinyl bot- tom board tape held in place by fasteners installed with a divergent stapler. Seal the edges around patches with foam or mastic. For large openings, in- stall a rigid backer board behind the bottom board to provide a fastening sub- strate for the patch. 3. Repair small openings. Repair small gaps and tears with vinyl bottom board tape, patches, adhesive/mastic or foam sealant. Alternate materials may be used to repair and seal the bottom board provided they are appropriate for the type of repair and installed per the manufacturer's installation in- structions. STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER If the space under the home is to be enclosed with skirting or other materials, a ground moisture retarder of a minimum six mil thick polyethylene sheeting or equivalent must be installed covering the ground under the home. Moisture retarders are not required in arid regions (less than 15 inches of rainfall annually) with dry soil conditions. If on- grade(surface) footings are used, install the ground moisture retarder prior to placing the footings, or install it around the footings after all other work under the home is com- plete. Install the ground moisture retarder as follows: 1. Apply sheeting. Unroll the ground moisture overlapping joints in the sheeting a .minimum of 12 inches and covering the entire area under the home except for areas under recessed entries, decks and porches. 2. Repair tears. Repair any large voids or tears in the retarder by patching with like material, maintaining a minimum 12 inch overlap, secured with tape or ad- hesive. Repair small voids and tears with tape, adhesive or per manufacturer's installation instructions. 7.6 // Sealing bottom boards. A continuous and sealed bot- tom board is critical for home performance, energy efficiency, protection against moisture problems, prevention of pipe freezing and protection against in- sects and rodents Bottom board sealing me- thods. Tapes shall never be used alone to repair a large opening in the bottom board. Divergent staples or mastic must be used in tandem with tape to prevent future tear off. Fastening vinyl siding. Do not install fasteners directly into vinyl siding. Allow for siding thermal expansion by pre -drilling minimum 1/2 inch diameter fastener holes or fastening skirting to a ledger under the home (see Best Practice tip). STEP 3. SKIRTING (IF USED) Skirting is any structural or non-structural perimetercrawispaceenclosure. Complete site built structures (see STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE BUILT STRUCTURES, p.114) that abut the home (such as porches, attached garages and steps) prior to installing skirt- ing. ANIJ Skirting must be of weather -resistant materials or provided with protection against weather deterioration at least equivalent to that provided by a coat - Skirting Ing of zinc on steel of not less than 0.30 oz per sq ft of surface coated. Skirting made from wood or wood products and used within six Inches of the ground need to be made of materials naturally resistant to decay and termite infestation or pressure treated. To design and install skirting, comply with the skirting manufacturers instructions (if provided) and the following: 1. Configure skirting. Run the skirting along the perimeter of the home's heat- ed, conditioned space. Do not enclose with skirting areas under recessed en- tries, porches or decks (whether constructed as part of the home or added on site) unless skirting is of the fully vented type and installed so as to allow wa- ter to freely flow out from under the home. 2. Fasten skirting. Attach it to the home in a manner that prevents water from being trapped between the siding or trim and the skirting. Allow for frost heave when installing skirting in areas subject to frost. 3. Provide ventilation. Unless the skirting has integral ventilation openings that meet the following ventilation requirements, install equally sized ventilation openings on at least two opposite sides of the foundation. Size ventilation ar- ea to equal at least one square foot for each 150 square feet of under -floor area (or for each 1,500 square feet if a ground moisture retarder is installed according to STEP 2. INSTALL GROUND MOISTURE RETARDER, p. 112). The ventilation area must be the net free area of the foundation vent, not the area of the foundation opening. Place vents as high above the ground as practical. TABLE 2O TQUN4ATI_ WVENTILATION „ = ORe Sgna^re^Foot oTVenYper 150 Square Feet df Under=FloOirArea ",'Yota( 5q'.'.Feeta ¢;Totelti 3q.Feel" `rotal,' Sq Feet :Total€ Sq,Feel ToWI Sq.Feet ^•,�HOlne WVents rNome4 ofVems ^Home-; gf,Vents Nome=^ ofver evfVehts` -.Sq Feet' Required Sq. Feel Required. ,.Sq. Feet, Requfred $q•Feef Required.. Sq Feet: ,ftepuired. Soo 3.33 3000 6.67 1500 10.00 2000 13.33 2500 16.67 ' ��7 =,1j:00 77777-- 1300 , 7 33 e:- 5600 ^ ^^ 730 67 2100^ 14. 0 a— 2600 17.33` 700 4.67 1200 8.00 1700 11.33 2200 14.67 2700 18.00 ^ x,:Ss33 `3800,, ^ ^^ ^ .,1200 ^ ^ ^ 2300.E 1533^ " 900 6.00 1400 9.33 1900 32.67 2400 16.00 2900 19.33 4. Install access. Provide an access opening not less than 18 inches wide and 24 inches high (minimum 3 square feet in area) and located so that any utility connections located under the home are accessible. S. Extend vents, drains and inlets. Run appliance exhaust vents, combustion air inlets and air conditioner condensation drains through the skirting to the outside and terminate each as instructed in the sections of this manual come - 113 Attaching vinyl skirting. At- tach skirting to the home, but allow for contraction and expansion characteris- tics of the skirting material. , ' // Avoid backflling against skirting. Do not backfill against non-structural skirt- ing. sponding to each appliance. STEP 4. ASSEMBLE OPTIONAL WIND PROTECTION SHUT- TERS stones and hurricanes according to Appendix C. STEP 5. COMPLETE SITE BUILT STRUCTURES Install site built structures such as steps, landings,.garages, awnings, carports, breezeways, porches, decks, railings, sheds and utility rooms according to manufac- turers instructions (if any), in compliance with all local regulations including fire separa- tion and electrical requirements, and according to the following: • Do not obstruct any of the egress windows or the two required exit doors from the home. • The addition must be entirely self -supported and cannot rely on the home for support (superficial connections are acceptable). The home's structural system is not designed to support the extra loads imposed by the addition. • Donotdamage the integrity of the home's structural or weatherproofing sys- tem. Seal any weatherproofing connections between the site built structure and the home and flash any roof connections. • The home's structural system may not be cut or altered in any way. A regis- tered engineer or architect shall approve any alterations or changes. • Utilize only GFCI outlets for site built structures. • Install and test smoke alarms in any site built structures according to local code. • All joints between the home and the addition must be property sealed so they are watertight. • The home's mechanical system has been designed for the home itself and does not consider the heating or cooling of the addition. • The addition must meet all local codes, including site work and fire separation requirements. The manufacturer does not accept any responsibility for the ad- dition's design. • The home with an addition must be in conformance with the HUD Manufac- tured Housing Code, such as exiting, light and vent, etc. The addition must be approved by the jurisdiction having authority. • Site work shall be consistent with the objectives of site grading as described in Prepare the Site (p.15). • The manufacturer will not honor the warranty for any problem that relates to the construction of the addition (leak problems, etc). A dormer roof can be installed on the home to match the pitch of the addition's roof. The shingles below the dormer must be removed and the dormer must tie vented properly. The dormer weight, including the weight of the existing home's roof sheathing, shall be no more than 8 psf and distributed uniformly over the roof trusses of the home. Connect lions may be made to attach the dormer to the home, but not be used to support the roof loads of the addition. The dormer shall be shingled, flashed and sealed properly to pre- vent leaks (follow shingle manufacturers instructions and ARMA guidelines for shingle valley applications). The manufacturer is providing the above information as an accommodation only and without consideration. Accordingly, by this letter the manufacturer extends no warranties or representation either expressed or implied with regard to the recommendations here- in. Prepare Home for Occupancy Follow these steps for final inspection and completion of the home. STEP 1. VERIFY ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (A/C) IN- SPECTION A home designated as an AC home will contain the letters "AC" in the serial number lo- catedon the data plate.Verifiying the AC inspection is the responsibility of the retailer. The installation is not complete until the alternative construction inspection has been passed and all applicable documention completed and returned to the plant. STEP 2. COMPLETE INSPECTION CHECKLIST After all previous steps have been accomplished, inspect the home to verify that It has been completely and properly installed using the checklist starting on p. 116. Installer must also certify that the installation is in compliance with either the manufacturers in- structions or with an alternative design in compliance with 3285.2(c). Arrange for an in- spection by the appropriate LAW, if required. Correct any deficiencies found, if possible, or if not possible, inform the retailer or man- ufacturer immediately. STEP 3. COMPLETE ENERGY STAR CHECKLIST For ENERGY STAR qualified homes (check with the retailer or manufacturer), this step is to be completed by the manufacturers designated representative. The manufacturers representative must complete the Energy Star Site Installation Checklist, obtain signatures on the ENERGY STAR label, and return the completed ENERGY STAR Site Installation Checklist to the manufacturing plant STEP 4. CLEAN THE HOME Remove and properly dispose of all installation -generated dust, debris and packaging materials from the home and the surrounding property. Ensure that the home is in .move -In" condition. 115 FOUNDATION SUPPORT • Footings properly sized and constructed for the soil conditions data plate and applicable table and roof load zone Piers properly constructed and vertical Perimeter blocking installed (if required) • Piers at each side of openings 48" or larger • Piers beneath all outside exterior doors (except when located in end wall) Center line piers installed at columns Shims in place and tight ANCHORS • Approved anchors are used • Proper anchors installed based on soil conditions • Anchors are installed at correct angles • Anchor spacing and installation correct • Longitudinal ties installed (if required) • Anchor straps are tensioned UNDER THE HOME • Moisture retarder installed • The ground under and around the home has been properly graded to prevent water from collecting or flowing beneath the home • HVAC ducts are supported off the ground and connected tightly to collars at all ends Fireplace combustion air intake free and unrestricted • No holes or tears in bottom board • Skirting (if used) has been installed per manufacturer's instructions with proper venting and provision for frost heave • Skirting has been attached in a manner that does not cause water to be trapped between the siding and trim and cannot be forced up into the wall cavi- ty • Dryer vent, range/cook top exhaust, water heater temperature and pressure overflow pipe and AC condensate drain installed to perimeter of crawl space EXTERIOR • Shingled roofs are free of visible damage and serious defects and there are no missing or loose shingles • Shingle close-up and ridge cap have been completed per applicable details • All hold down straps on shingled roofs have been removed and holes have been properly sealed • Penetrations at roof stacks, vents and chimneys have been properly sealed • Siding and trim is free of gaps, voids, missing fasteners, damage and serious defects. All seams are sealed and hardboard edges are sealed. • Drip edge and fascia is properly installed and free of damage and serious de- fects • Gutters and downspouts are installed properly such that water is diverted away from the home • Trees and bushes have been trimmed to prevent brushing against the home in windy conditions or under snow loads • The HUD label is exposed, intact and legible • The exterior of the home and immediate surroundings is clean, clear of con- struction materials, dust and debris INTERIOR • Ceilings, walls and floor coverings are free from damage and serious defects • Carpeting is properly stretched and seamed • All trim and molding is installed properly and free of damage and defects • All cabinets, countertops, plumbing fixtures, appliances, furnishings and win- dow coverings are free of damage or serious defects • All cabinet doors and drawers work properly • All interior and exterior doors and windows open, close and latch properly • One window in each bedroom meets emergency egress requirements, has op- erating instruction labels on R and operates properly • All temporary shipping hardware has been removed • Floors are level • The data plate is intact and legible • Smoke alarms have been tested • The interior of the home is clean, clear of materials, dust and debris WATER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS • Crossover and service connection and splices have been properly made with correct materials • Water and drain lines are insulated or otherwise protected from freezing • Pipe supports are installed and properly spaced • Proper slope has been maintained on all drain lines • All necessary inspections and tests have been performed • All sinks, basins, tubs and toilets operate properly • All hot and cold water lines are properly connected to fixtures, dispense water as labeled and operate properly • Tub, tub/shower and shower outlets have been verified to ensure the outlet water temperature does not exceed 120°F (49°C) ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS • The panel amperage matches the connection to the home The home has been properly grounded The main power supply has been properly connected and tested by a licensed electrician Continuity test has been conducted Polarity test has been conducted Operational test has been conducted All electrical crossovers have been connected All receptacles, switches and light fixtures operate properly Ground fault circuit interrupters operate properly All exterior lights have been properly installed GAS/FUEL OIL SYSTEMS • The gas system pressure test has been conducted • Connections between units are properly made with access as required The main fuel line has been properly connected and tested by a qualified tech- nician APPLIANCE OPERATING AND VENTING All appliances are working properly 11VA Appliance venting is in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions Fresh air intakes are properly installed • Whole -house -kitchen and bath exhaust fan operation are correct • Fireplace chimney stack extension and roof cap have been installed in accord- ance with the manufacturer's instructions • Air conditionertheat pump is sized properly , • Air conditioner condensate line is property trapped and terminates outside. of the skirting MISCELLANEOUS • Installationtanchoring certificates or seals have been issued and installed (if required) • Owner's and operation manuals are available for all appliances • This installation manual is left with home • Marriage line gasket has been installed and inspected Index of Steps INTRODUCTION GETTING STARTED ...................................................... PG. 10 PREPARE THE SITE ..................................................... PG. 15 INSTALL FOOTINGS.....................................................PG. 20 CONSTRUCT FOUNDATIONS......................................PG. 35 SET THE HOME.................................................:........... PG. 38 COMPLETE MULTI -SECTION SET...............................PG. 44 COMPLETE ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS...............PG. 56 CONNECT CROSSOVERS .............. :............................. PG. 61 COMPLETE THE INTERIOR ......................................... PG. 72 INSTALL STABILIZING SYSTEM.................................PG. 74 CONNECT UTILITIES....................................................PG. 95 PREPARE APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT ............... PG. 103 COMPLETE EXTERIOR WORK....................................PG. 112 PREPARE HOME FOR OCCUPANCY ....................6..... PG. 115 COMPLETE INSTALLATION CHECKLIST ................... PG.116 APPENDIX B ry � a R e 33 ToME41,7111111RI Tom Oversizing cooling equipment: a costly mistake The guidelines offer a simple look -up procedure to assist equipment specifiers, HVAC contractors, home installers, retailers, manufacturers, and electric utility staff select heat pump and air conditioner capacity for new manufactured homes. The guidelines were developed to help eliminate the all -too -common problem of choosing equipment with far more cooling capacity than the home needs. Oversized HVAC equipment is recognized as a common industry problem that erodes energy efficiency and lowers customer satis tion. Consumers overpay in two ways. First, they are buying equ has more cooling capacity and is more expensive than they neec. "jeconc, once installed, oversized equipment cycles on and off frequently, shortening equipment life, lowering efficiency, and increasing power bills. Oversized equipment also can lead to moisture problems within the home. National Rural raanufaCWn3d Eleotiic Housing Researoh cooperative Alliance Association f United Slates Tennessee Valley Enwnuenenial Aulhodly Protection Agency ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR is a nationally recognized, voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy -efficient homes, buildings, and products to consumers and business owners across the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for administering the ENERGY STAR for Homes program. An ENERGY STAR qualified home is at least 30% more energy efficient in its heating, cooling and water heating than a comparable home built to the 1993 Model Energy Code. This increased level of energy efficiency is met by successfully integrating an energy efficient building envelope (effective insulation, tight construction, advanced windows), energy efficient air distribution (air -tight, well -insulated ducts), and energy efficient equipment (space heating and cooling and hot water heating). ENERGY STAR qualified homes typically require less cooling capacity because their high insulation levels and tight construction slow the transfer of heat from outside into the home, and their tight air distribution systems minimize the loss of conditioned air from the ducts. Thermal provisions of the Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards, Subpart F, Section §3280 Now to use the sizing guidelines The sizing guidelines consist of a set of nine maps covering the continental U.S. and the Sizing Table contain- ing recommended cooling equipment sizes in tons. The maps are divided into counties. Contiguous counties that have the same sizing recommendations are combined into Sizing Groups.' The maps and Sizing Table are available on the Web at http:/ANww.mhrahome.org and http://www.energystar.gov. Follow these steps to determine your recommended size: 1. Find the county where the home will be sited on the map and determine the corresponding Sizing Group number. 2. Find the row corresponding to the Sizing Group on the Sizing Table. The rows on the table are color - coded to match the colors on the map. 3. Determine the conditioned Floor Area of the home and read across the top row of the table locating the pair of columns containing that area. 4. To find the required cooling equipment capacity in tons for a heat pump or air conditioner, read down the column that corresponds to the Floor Area and across the row that corresponds to the Sizing Group. 5. The left-hand column in each pair represents the appropriate cooling equipment size for ENERGY STAR qualified homes. The right-hand column in each pair represents the size (in tons of cooling capacity) for homes built to the HUD -standards thermal requirements. Example: • An ENERGY STAR qualified home is to be installed in Richmond County near Ocala, Florida. • The map indicates that Richmond County is in a Sizing Group 50. • The home is a 28 ft. by 56 ft. multisection containing 1,568 square feet of conditioned living space (28 ft. x 56 ft: 1,568 sq. ft.). • Referring to the Sizing Table, read across the row labeled Sizing Group 50 and down the column containing 1,568 square feet (1,441 to 1,680). • Read down the left-hand (blue) column for an ENERGY STAR qualified home. • This home requires a 3 Ton heat pump. 'Some counties are divided into more than one sizing group. Disclaimer The values on the chart are intended as a guide for equipment selection. This information is not a substitute for proper evaluation and judg- ment by.an equipment specifier. The cooling capacity estimates are based on typical home configurations and assumed design conditions. Actual sizing requirements may differ from the values on the chart. The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance and its members, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, sponsors of this work assume no liabilityfor errors in equipment sizing, selection, and installation. Sizing charts are available for other regions of the U.S. For information on obtaining sizing guidance for other areas, please visit the Manufactured Housing Research Alliance web site at: http:/Avww.mhmhome.org. The Manufactured Housing Research Alliance developed the sizing charts. MHRA is a non-profit membership organization comprised of firms actively engaged in the manufactured housing business. Wrightson Corporation performed the engineering analysis. The technical basis for the values that appear on the chart is Right.,*, an Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)-endomed software version of ACCA Manual J, Load Calculation for Residential Winter and Summer Air Conditioning, Seventh Edition. Copyright © 2005 Manufactured Housing Research Alliance All rights reserved. No portion of this chart may be reproduced, by any .. process or technique, without the express written permission of MHRA. S ry 7." To SE w" b 9E 1- SE £ Tilt 9 S£ SPAS I ,=S£ + £ .1SE 92 1 s ax L 2 Z S4 AT '- • b E _ ^�'9£ E f Sf -SZ 'S 6,?y, �.6.,5Sf};b S£, "#SE £ ;: £ ,E .r,.9 9'E T7' S4 £ 'b £ eF 9E SZ " 'a E "9Z 9 SE 11YAl 9£ I % b S£ =`y9£ E f .O £ 9Z �To SE _�"'� 9b S£ T v AT `S£. E E SZ SSb S£ h94 SE <b £ „SE Sb 9£ :-, S4 9£ Q- �4 °E L'�aSE £ E 9'Z S69E b S£„T £ s9E_E =_r E 9'Z p�-q To AT `-,`"-9 `b SE 4 _b b S£ 4 „FAE E r�' ?, £ SZ 96 S£' b Sf } b E S'£ £ •A E SZ �94 S£ p b 9f � b E A 0. 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Z SL An TL' •LZ .., e'a%" Z L: Z ''" Z Z 4;% Z 'WE " 9 L Z Z Z SL ., 9'L 41 ASL a . .1.. r"" ' d1 -': dn-E) 6umg anHEll OnH anH OnH OnH anH anH anH anH- anH I 1 eW j FW S 24 N D,a ko t o4,,t,h a 23 21'` ,:Soul h -D a k o 8`a 23Q 25 n -26 e � f Iw i s rt� •PW. �-25 �'Nte bar a+s�k�a i:- 26 ;3 w a 27'/�- x i 77- p "23 22. ?3 e _ M 25� , .. 26 25 � 26 31w `39- "31� r 26 28 35 29 5 � Yrv�s X 4 avA ti rvi tlx: vrr to r �' as Y4 q d L R �A 44.pc.� YF ri°" iA j 'Z' �Y .Zi F s r � .it `t APPENDIX C Hurricane Shutter Designs 1 1 2 The following designs are presented as two basic alternatives: The Cost is to present the minimum shutters that are permitted by the codes when such shutters are required. The requirements of the 2003 International Residential Code ORC) and the 2001 Florida Building Code (FBC) are presented. They permit the use of minimum 7/16" Rated Sheathing as shutters to protect against the impact of windbome debris. Check with local building departments for verification or clarification of requirements. The second approach provides some design details for stronger and stiffer shutters than provided for by the code - minimum designs. It should be noted that these designs were developed prior to the adoption of specific standards for shutter designs by any U.S. codes. The supports detailed for these shutters meet code requirements when mounted according to the specifications in Table R3012.1.2. The mounting brackets for the masonry block structures have been tested for design wind loads but have not been impact or cyclic tested because they were developed as design guides before these standards were developed. 1. Code-NUnimnm Shutter Design: The 2003 International Residential Code (IRC), Section R3012.1.2, provides that "windows in buildings located in windbome debris regions shall have glazed openings protected from windbome debris or the building shall be designed as a partially enclosed building in accordance with the International Building Code. Glazed opening protection for windbome debris shall meet the requirements of the Large Missile Test of ASTM E 1996 and of ASTM E 1886 referenced therein. Faception: Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7/16 inch (11.1 mail and, a maldmum span of 8 feet (2438 rum) shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two-story buildings. Panels shall be precut to cover the glazed openings with attachment hardware provided. Attachments shall be provide in accordance with Table R301.2.1.2 or shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads determined in accordance with the provisions of the International Building Code." TABLE R301.2.1.2 WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROCTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS.,b•a ......... _._._._._..__._...._... ... .... .... _....................... .._._._.__.............. _._._....._......__...__._._._.____--- --- —__._.,_._________—.—_.___ Fastener Spacing ......... __.................... ................. Panel 4 N < Panel 6 ft < Panel Fastener Type Span 5 4 ft Span 5 6 8 Span 5 8 If 2-1/2° #6 Wood Screws 16° 12" 9° -- 2-1/2" #8 Wood Screws 16° 16° 12° a. This table is based on 130 mph wind speeds and a 33-foot mean roof height. b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. c. Where screws are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached utilizing vibration -resistant anchors having a minimum ultimate withdrawal capacity of 490 pounds. I i ����GPV IN 1Mq�r;�i s C Acxlc� 2 frorm No. T450E • © 2004 ARA—The Engineered Wood Association • www.apawood.org Hurricane Shutter Designs 3 Section R202 defines a Windbome Debris Region as any "areas within hurricane -prone regions within one mile of the coastal mean high water line where the basic wind speed is 110 mph or greater; or where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 120 mph; or Hawaii." (Seem) Alternatively, Section 1606.1.4 of the 2001 Florida flufldin Code: In windbome debris regions, exterior glazing that receives positive pressure in the lower 60 feet in buildings shall be assumed to be openings unless such glaring is impact resistant or protected with an impact resistant covering meeting the requirements of SSTD 12, ASTM E 1886 and ASTM E 1996, or Miami -Dade PA 201, 202 and 203 referenced therein as follows: - - ` 1. Glazed openings located within 30 feet of grade shall meet the provisions of the Small Missile Test. 2. Glazed openings located more than 30 feet above grade shall meet the provision of the Small Missile Test. Exception: Wood structural panels with a minimum thidmess of 7/16 inch and maximum. panel span of 8 feet shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two-story buildings. Panels shall be precut to cover the glazed openings with attachment hardware provided. Attachment shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads deter- mined in accordance with Table 1606.213. Attachment in accordance with Table 1606.1.4 is permitted for buildings with mean roof height of 33 feet or less where wind speeds do not exceed 130 mph." TABLE 1606.1.4 WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS .____.__._......___._. Fastener Spacing (in.(a,b Panel 2 ft< Panel 4 R< Panel 6 8< Panel Fastener Type Span <2 N Span < 4 R ................Span.<._6 ft.._.-._._.-..._- Span < 8 N ............._._...._......_ _ 2-1/2 #6 Wood Screws 16 16 12 9 ._...... __....... ..... __.... _.... .... __....._..._... .... ................ ._.... _..... _.................. ........ ..-.-.-.-...._.-.................. ... .-....... ......... _._ ._...__._._.___------------ _ 2-1/2 #8 Wood ScreW 16 16 16 12 _..................... _.._..._._....... _............................ ..... .................................................. ............_........-_-._....-_....--...._........__.._----_—____......._._._..._._..__---- _ i Double -Headed Noilsd 12 6 4 3 a. This table is based on a maximum wind speed of 130 mph and mean roof height of 33 feet or less. b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. c. Where screws are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached using vibration-resistont anchors having a minimum - t withdrawal capacity of 490 lb. d. Nails shall be 10d common or 12d box double -headed nails. Section 1606.1.5 defines a Windbome Debris Region as: - 1. Area within one mile of the coastal mean high waterline where the basic wind speed is 110 mph or.greater. (See map) 2. Areas where the basic wind speed is 120 mph or greater except from the eastern border of Franklin Count to the, Florida -Alabama line where the region includes area only within 1 mile of the coast. (Cap) \\\`c MIN )• . D acRlc� 11 �i�/SOFT` 4�I,�\\\\ Form No. T450E • © 2004 AFA—The Engineered Wood Association • www.apawood.org Hurricane Shutter Designs 4 2. Stronger, Stiffer Designs The following design pages describe how to construct stronger, stiffer shutters for attachment to wood and masonry walls. The masonry attachments were designed prior to the adoption of specific test standards for shutter designs by U.S. codes. The shutters have been tested to resist the design wind loads and impacts but the attachments to masonry have not been impact or cyclic -load tested. The masonry attachment details are therefore supplied as guides in developing individual designs. Most building codes include provisions for storm shutters. Earlier code had provisions for a deflection of less than the shutter span (in inches) divided by 30 (for instance, a 40-inch span should not bend more than 40/30 = 1.33 inches when the wind blows). They also should bend less than 2 inches maidmum and should remain at least one inch away from the window when under full wind force. The easiest designs are those that simply cover the opening with a wood structural panel. In wood -flame construc- don, panels can be nailed over the openings when a hurricane approaches. Buildings made with concrete blocks, however; require advance preparation. In some cases, stiffeners may be necessary to limit deflection of the shutter against the glass. Stiffeners function best if the 2 x 4s are on the outside of the shutter and oriented with the narrow edge against the shutter: Tabics._1_and._ atld.Flgt]x-1 on the following page apply to most of the designs, and are referenced accordingly. These APA hurricane shutter designs are based on pressures associated with a 3-second gust wind speed of 120 mph. Building codes are currently being reviewed forpossible changes. Before constructing shutters, therefore, it is important to check with your local building department for an update on current code requirements. Note: The shutter designs shown herein will provide signifiratrt prorecuon from hunirane-(oree winds. This publicamn conrti[ts recommendations to serve az a guide only It does not include all possible shunq anchor and (asteuing s}s[ems, and the installer must adjust all dimensions to compensate (or particular insmllano-and hardware used. These shunq deigns by no means represent all possible workable designs and cart ahvays be upgraded to provide even greatq nrarpjns o(sa(ety and protection. All shutter designs herein are in[eitdedro be temporary, and mounted and removed from outside the building. All desists are based on wind pressure tapaciues only. ' While the design wind'pressures trsed are based on ASCE 7-95, the budding owner(nsraller must still carefully evaluate each sys[em and then, if neces- sary; malre any modifimuons cansisten[ with good design and budding pm<uces. DESIGN 7 SHUTTERS FOR WOOD -FRAME 13UILDIHOS DESIGN 2 SHUTTERS FOR. MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES BARREL BOLT LATCH SUPPORTS DESIGN 3 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES STEEL OR ALUMINUM ANGLE AND SCREW SUPPORTS DESIGN.4 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTURES SHUTTERS ATTACHED TO OUTSIDE WALL WITH PERMANENTLY` �%NW) ft trrr r; MOUNTED BRACKETS \GP• Mqe ri; DESIGN 5 SHUTTERS FOR MASONRY BLOCK STRUCTU$ FOR OPENINGS WIDER THAN 8 FEET = AGatc ua - r � O n¢K; .` Wit prorm No. T450E • ® 2004 APA—The Engineered Woad Association .apawood.o�g 8 Approximate-0efleclion (in.) at KPanei Span .Rating' V61ght'(Ib./A.2) Mmdmunr 'ShuBer Span — }20ph-Design WindSpeed— m'at IS-ft.-Height " 32/16--- 1.5, 30 0.5 ------ 40/20 .:, -., .2:. .. , .. 36 :... 0.5 ' 48/24 ... .:'.:. _ _.'--_ ;=2.d.:-, : t:-' ... 48- _ 0.9 48" - . 3.6 72 1.5 . " TABLE 2 .. - ESTIMATED DEFLECTION AT 120MPH DESIGN WIND SPEED AT 15-FT HEIGHT FOR SHUTTERS WITH 2'X 6 AT 16 INCHES*e . APA PanelApproximate -Span Rating _ Weigh (Ib./8.2) - . - 24 36 .. Shuftr Span (in.) ... 48 _ .60 72 84 96 :32/76' 40/20 25,� -. 2 9 . - - �0.2; -0.2. -0.1 0.1. ',0.3 , : b:2- 0.4 ,0.5" 0.8 - 0.2 - 0.4 ` 0.7 . 1.1 " 48/24 __-3:4 _.", - _ •— — 0.1. 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 48 oc `4.6 • • —. . — -, 0.1 0.1 . 0.3 0.5 0.9 FIGURE 1 - SHuTTERSTIFFENER ATTACHMENT -IF REQUIRED :- APA Structural Panel #2 2 x 4 o- .t Cut if desired � 8 ' Stmngth'axis > -`IIIPIllliltil.��/ ` ►N �� V 3/16' x 3' Lag screws wi8i fender washers "t G ,qe ,. , �r D F � 12d Nails 6' o c AGRICR Y 2 nga� COO. - FormNo. T450E • ®2004 APA= The.Engineered Wood Association • www.6pc DESIGN 1 SHUTTERS FOR WOOF ROME BUILOWS This design from APA — The Engineered Wood Association describes how to construct structural panel shutters for attachment to wood -frame buildings. Steps to Constructing Shutters 1. Review Tables 1 and 2 in the Design Considerations section to determine if stiffeners are needed. Attach stiffener as shown in Figures 1 and lA 2. Cut APA wood structural panels with adequate edge overlap to receive nails. Orient long panel axis (strength axis) of the panel as shown in Figures 1 and lA 3. Use a long brad or finishing nail to locate the framing behind the wood siding. The nails used to attach the shims and the shutters must hit the framing to be fully effective. 4. Nail shims to the framing with 12d nails. Use 16d nails for shims over 3/4 inch thick Fbr spans up to 5 feet, space the nails 6 inches ox, at each shim. For spans over 5 feet, space nails 4 inches o.c. at each shun. (Figures 1B and 1C) 5. Attach the shutters with double -headed nails for ease of later removal. (Figures 1B and 10 Use 12d nails for shutters up to 3/4 inch thick and 16d nails for shutters over 3/4 inch thick For spans up to 5 feet, space the nails 6 inches o.c. at each end of the shutter panel. For spans over 5 feet, space nails 4 inches o.c. at each end of the shutter panel. Nailing the panel on all four sides, instead ofjust the two ends, will further limit defiecdon and mmmize strength. 6. Any permanently installed hardware, shims or fastening devices must be installed using standard/acceptable methods of waterproofing. All abandoned holes must be sealed. 7. After fabrication each shutter should be marked for orientation and location to simplify installation. 8. If shims are to be left in place, use galvanized nails and finish like siding or exterior trim. Hurricane Shutter Designs .. - .. T FIGURE lA SHUTTER ATTACHMENT -VIEW FROM OUTSIDE APA Structural Panel Cut if desired #2 2 x 4s (if needed) 1 -71 Strength axis - i �x z i}: rs 1• b I _ 12d'Double-headed nails 6 o a (nails at 4' o.c if shutter is over 5 long) ° 69 0%r!rTENN���� FIGURE 1 B - - - SHUTTERATTACHMENT= Top" ; Siding 12d Double heade8 nails at 6' o.c.(nails at 4' a;c., if shutter is over. V long( _ _ Shim Flashing and caulk F °s a t Shutter. 0. a �1 4 lurricone Shutter Designs. FIGURE .1C SHUTTER ATTACHMENT.- BOTTOM' _ Finish sill utter ( Sill- Interior casing ,..Caulk 12d Double•heoded nails. " �' at b o c: (roils of 4 o.c. if shutter is aver 5 long(. a Finishwall Shim r .. .. 12d Nails . Siding .d IN GP, AGR[CU Ck Form No. ered Wood Assoc. Alternate Wind Protection for Windows and Doors Plywood storm cover - See table below for plywood spedlaations kcate storm cover butt pint within 30'of vertical studs, and install V dips between lumbersuffermrs as shown. Fasten plywood storm cover . to door vertical framing with I- IOa2117penetscrew each - side ofstiffenerand 8'O. aafUJ 24SYR•2stiffeners within 6-of top and bottom of windows and 16'O.G OMX) Wind Protection for Doors Locate plywoodseams over center of2r4 ,stiffener. lWall plywood storm cover with facegrato placed horizontal. 7ypical screw hnatallation. Window openhV width. Whidaw jamWwall framing behind cover. Hatton n over M ng Alternate Wind Protection for Windows and Doors APPENDIX D- - - =. MMHI L o Dousing AlertIL JAN 14 2009 �o Q' QHome Federal MWu&cnred Coasmxfion m v And Safety Standards HUD Suspends Enforcement of Ground Anchor and Manufactured Pier Galvanization Requirements On Monday, January 12, HUD informed MHI it will be suspending national enforcement of the galvanization requirements for anchor systems and manufactured piers that would have become effective February 2, under the new Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards (MMHIS), until the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee reviews the matter further. HUD is taking this action in response to an appeal made by MHI based on the lack of a demonstrated need for such a requirement to apply to the installation of all manufactured housing nationwide. MHI has maintained that weatherization requirements for anchor and pier systems should be based on local and regional conditions rather than a one size fits all approach as currently contained in the MMHIS. MHI has therefore been in discussions with HUD, requesting states be allowed to determine what, if any, minimum galvanization requirements are warranted in their own jurisdictions until the MHCC is able to recommend more practical standards that account for regional climatic and soil differences. The following is the e-mail sent yesterday from Bill Matchneer, Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Regulatory Affairs and Manufactured Housing, to SAA's and Primary Inspection Agencies (PIA). 'As requested by MHI, HUD has decided to temporarily suspend national enforcement of the weatherization and corrosion protection requirements for piers and anchor systems found in CFR 3285.308 and 402 due to take effect on February 2, 2009. As requested by the industry in June 2008, these requirements are currently under review by a workgroup of the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC). HUD will reconsider its decision to suspend enforcement of these weatherization and corrosion protection requirements once the MHCC has voted on any recommendations received from the current review process. During rulemaking, HUD was not presented with a known history of actual failures of ground anchors or piers due to corrosion. Therefore, HUD is comfortable taking this step to help the industry cope with a period of severe economic distress. HUD reminds all concerned, however, that these weatherization and corrosion protection issues should have_been-more_fully_addressed by_the-affected_parties-during-the-rulemaking process. While HUD has decided to temporarily suspend national enforcement of the weatherization and corrosion protection requirements in CFR 3285.308 and 402, the states are free to make their own decisions with regard to galvanization or other weatherization and corrosion protection requirements for pier and anchor systems. Primary Inspection Agencies are asked to advise the individual manufacturers they supervise of this decision.' If you have any questions, please contact Jeff Inks at links(o)mfghome.org.